COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY NOTES | Christine L. Cometa Techniques: 11. Body Movement and Exaggeration - “What you see is not always what you get” - Observe the client’s verbal and nonverbal cues - Pick out what may seem like an unimportant gesture - Ask the client to exaggerate the movement & give voice / meaning to it. - Discuss/identify the meaning and analyze the purpose. 12. Role Rehearsal - “In this life, we take on different roles to play.” - Identify the different roles - Ask the client to take on the role - Assist in a paradoxical examination of views, attitudes, and beliefs 13. Modeling - “You cannot do anything about other people, but you can do anything about yourself.” - Can be done through imitation and observational learning 14. Behavioral Rehearsal - “Practice makes perfect” - Acquire response, facilitate response, and disinhibit response 15. Role Play - “Some behaviors are learned” - Specify the behavior to be learned - Determine the context or environment - Start with small scenes & build to greater complexity - Engage in role-plays with a minimum of risk then leading to higher risk - Apply the skills in real life starting with low risk situations and build higher risk situations as appropriate 16. Self-Talk - “What the mind can conceive, the body can achieve.” - Allow self-talk and pinpoint things from there. The more he hears himself, the more he acknowledges himself. 17. Visual/ Guided Imagery COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY NOTES | Christine L. Cometa - “Each of us has our own story to tell” - Bring the client to a scenario where he can picture things out from a different perspective to calm himself. 18. Reframing - “Hearing is easy, but listening is hard” - Use nonjudgemental listening cycle - Build a bridge - reinforce the bridge 19. Thought Stopping - “Learn to stop so the cycle will not continue” - Decide on the thoughts to be targeted - Close eyes and imagine a situation - Shout “Stop” to interrupt the cycle - Substitute the more positive thoughts 20. Cognitive Restructuring - “It’s all in the mind” - Gather background information - Assist the client in becoming aware of the thought process - Examine the process of rational thinking - provide assistance to the client - help the learn to change internal beliefs and assumptions - Go over the rational thought process again - Combine thought stopping with stimulations, homework, and relaxation 21. Premack Principle - “Do what you don’t want to do then reward yourself with what you don’t that you want to do.” Rules: 1. Do not hurt other people 2. Follow my directions for the 1st time 22. Behavior Chart “Desirable behaviors need to be rewarded” - Provide checklist so as progress can me tracked 23. Token Economy COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY NOTES | Christine L. Cometa “Make sure to give the reinforcement or reward only when the expected behavior occurs.” - Several target behaviors Assign points for each TB Construct a reward menu Develop a monitoring system Agree on a reinforcement schedule 24. Behavioral Contract “What ‘s dominant may be dominant, but behaviors can be modified - Identify the behavior to be modified Introduce and discuss the contract idea Develop a contract and present it to all involved people Outline follow-up procedures Initiate the program Record progress and evaluate outcomes Modify as necessary (start small & expand it) 25. Extinction “It will die its natural death” - Ignoring the behavior will not reinforce it. 26. Timeout “When it’s time, it’s time” - Feet on the floor Chair legs on the floor Hands in your lap Keep all of your bottom on the chair Keep your back against the back of the chair Do not make a sound Look at the wall and keep your eyes open 27. Response Cost “The one who got away” - Something is taken away every time a misbehavior is committed 28. Overcorrection “Correct me if I am wrong” - Positive Practice – making use of a cognitive move for an annoying behavior COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY NOTES | Christine L. Cometa - Restitution – letting something happen before something has to actually happen (saving an apology before feeling sorry) 29. REBT “How you react depends on what you believe” - Make us of the ABCDE Model A – Activating event B – Belief C – Consequence D – Disputation E – Evaluation 30. Bibliotherapy “Tell me who your friends are, and I will tell you who you are” - What is your life story? 31. Deep breathing “Inhale positive vibes, exhale negatives.” - To console and to make oneself at ease, breathing may distress the undesirable situation. 32. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training (PMRT) “The more you get hold so tight, the more painful it takes” 10 muscles - The right arm The left arm Forehead Eyes, cheeks, and nose Jaw, hips, and tongue Neck Chest, back, and shoulders Abdomen & buttocks Right leg Left leg 33. Systematic Desensitization “To know how to feel good, one must also undergo on how to feel bad” - Make use of writing the anxious events and deal with them time and time again. COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY NOTES | Christine L. Cometa 34. Stress Inoculation Training “Women are more stressed than men for they see a lot of situation as strssfull” - Conceptualization Skill Acquisition & Rehearsal Application & follow-through Booster sessions as necessary
