CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG Gobernadorcillo was a municipal judge who carried out in a town the combined charges or responsibilities of leadership, economic, and judicial administration. ■ Friars also became the most knowledgable and influential figure in the pueblos. ■ Pueblo is the Spanish word for "town" or "village". It comes from the Latin root word populus meaning "people". ACTIVITIES THAT THE FRIARS WERE DOING: • Supervising the election of the local executives • Collecting of taxes • Educating the youth and other civic duties. FRIARS WHO WERE ASSIGNED IN MISSION TERRITORIES WERE: ■ Required to inform their superiors of what was happening in their respective areas To prepare reports on the number of natives they converted ■To document people's way of life-i.e, their hardships and struggles, etc. Others who were keen observers submitted short letters and/or long dispatches. They also shared their personal observations and experiences. PLASENCIA'S RELACION DE LAS COSTUMBRES DE LOS TAGALOGS ■ "Custom of the Tagalogs", 1589, by Fray Juan de Plasencia -Contains numerous information that historians could use in reconstructing the political and socio-cultural history of the Tagalog region ■ Considered a primary source because Plasencia personally witnessed the events and took account of what was happening OTHER EXAMPLES OF LITERATURE WRITTEN BY FRIARS AND COLONIAL OFFICIALS DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD 1.) Relacion de las Islas Filipinas (1582) ■ Written by Miguel de Loarca, an encomendero of Panay ■ He described the Filipinos' way of life in the Western Visayas area. 2.) Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Written by Lt. Gov. Antonio de Morga ■ Provides information about the state of the Philippines in the latter part of the 16th century. Other Spanish Missionaries who continued the historiographical traditions: • Relacion de las Islas Filipinas, 1604 -Fr. Pedro Chirino S.J. • Historia General, 1751 Fr. Juan Delgado S.J. • Labor Evangelica, 1663 • Fr. Francisco Colin SJ. ■ Historia natural de sitio, fertilidad y calidad de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas, 1668 - Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina S.J. About the Author Fray Juan de Plasencia Fray Juan de Plasencia (real name: Juan de Portocarrero) • He was a member of the Franciscan Order who came together with the first batch of missionaries to the Philippines in 1578 • He and Fray Diego de Oropesa were assigned to do mission works in the Southern Tagalog area. • He helped in the foundation and organizations of numerous towns in Quezon, Laguna, Rizal and Bulacan • His continuous interaction with the people he converted to Christianity engaged him to write Custom of Tagalogs, 1589, He believed that catechism or explaining the basic tenets of the Catholic faith is another very important function of a missionary. He wrote Doctrina Christiana which became the first book printed in 1539. he died in liliw laguna in 1590. EXCERTS FROM CUSTOM OF TAGALOG DATOS The chiefs who governed them were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced. Chiefs ruled over a few people; sometimes as many as a hundred houses, or even less than thirty. Tribal gathering is called in tagalog a "barangay" Three Castes: NOBLES Freeborn or they call maharlica. ■ They not pay tax or tribute to the dato. • Must -accompany the datu in war. -help the dato if he built house COMMONERS Aliping Namamahay • Married • Serve their master whether he be a dato or not. Live in their own houses and lords their property and gold. Cannot be made slaves (sa guiguilar) nor can either parents or children be sold. SLAVES Aliping sa Guiguilar • Serve their master in his house and his cultivated lands • may be sold • Not married WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS PANDOT OR "WORSHIP" ■ A festive celebration ■ Includes performing of sacrifices, adoration of their idols or the general practice of Idolatry. ■ Usually lasts for 4 days ■ People bring drums which they beat successively while the feast lasted • Nagaanitos- the whole barangay and family,united and joined in the worship BATHALA ■ They worshipped this god specially ■ He was said to be the “all powerful" and "maker of all things" SUN They also worshipped the sun for its beauty, respected and honored as the heavens THE MOON ■They worship the moon especially when it's new, which at the time they had great rejoicings to adore and welcome it STARS They also worship the stars, most especially the morning star which they called "Tala” THEIR OTHER IDOLS: • Lic-ha- were images with differrent shapes Little Trifles- they adored these like the Romans • Dian Masalanta- the patron of lovers and of generation • Lacapati and Indianale- were patrons of cultivated lands and of husbandry • Buaya- they paid reverence to these creatures for fear of getting harmed TAGALOG OMENS BAD OMEN • They believed that rats, snakes, the bird( tigmamanugin) • if they pass by someone who sneezed they think of this as a bad omen and that they should go back home for evil will be fall them if they continue their journey. GOOD OMEN Divination- to see whether weapons, such as dagger or knife, were useful and lucky for the possesor TIME The natives had no established division of years or months, instead they base time or season on their: • cultivation of soil • counting the moons • the different produce of trees and flowers. These help them make up a year MANNER OF OFFERING Their sacrifice was to proclaim a feast and offer to the devil what they had to eat. This is done in front of a an idol with fragrant perfumes. ■ Often they sacrifice goats, fowls, and swine which were decapitated and laid bare before the idol ■ They worship these idols sometimes by putting wrappings of cloths in the heads of these idols, thus it's like worshipping the devil without seeing him REASONS OF OFFERING SACRIFICE AND ADORATION 1.PERSONAL MATTERS 2.RECOVERY OF THE SICK 3.PROSPEROUS VOYAGE 4.GOOD HARVEST 5.PROSPITIOUS RESULT IN WARS 6.SUCCESFUL DELIVERY OF CHILD BIRTH 7.HAPPY OUTCOME OF MARRIED LIFE Distinction of Priest and the Devil 1. CATOLONAN • Either a man or woman, that officiates the feast. • The devil was sometimes capable of entering the body of the CATOLONAN. 2. MANGAGAUAY • Witches who deceived people by pretending to heal the sick • They can instantly kill a person or prolong life, believed to be the works of a devil 3. MANYISALAT the same as the mangagaguay ■Had a power of applying remedies for lovers to make them despise their own wives When the ritual was successful the abandoned wives' health would deteriorate and would discharge blood and matter 4.MANCOCOLAM ■ Duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or often each month Fire could not be extinguished and people who wallowed with this priest would fell ill and die 5. HOCLOBAN ■More powerful than the mangagauay • Without of medicines but just by use saluting or raising his hand they can kill whom they chose or heal those who became ill by their charms. • Used charms to those people they made ill by their charms They are found in Catanduanes 6. SILAGAN If they saw anyone clothed in white, they would tear out his liver and eat it, causing death to the victim Don't let believe this as a fable, for a anyone Spanish notary was killed in Calavan, his intestines pulled out from his anus, was later buried in Calilaya by father Fray Juan de Merida found in the island of Catanduanes 7. MAGTATANGAL His purpose is to show himself at night with no head or entrails. Pretends to carry his head in different places and returns to his body in the morning Still occurred in Catanduanes 8. OSUANG ■ Equivalent to a sorcerer, they say he has the ability to fly and murders men and eats their flesh Exists in the Visayas and not among the tagalogs did not exist. 9. MANGAGAYOMA They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood which would infuse their hearts with love ■Deceives people and sometimes through the devil's intervention they gained their ends 10. SONAT Equivalent to a preacher It was his job to help one die, at which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul. He can be found throughout the land 11. PANGATAHOJAN Was a soothsayer Predicted the future Office generally found in the land 12. BAYOGUIN Signified as "cotquean" A man whose nature is inclined toward that of a woman (homosexual) Their manner of burying the dead was as follows: The deceased was buried beside his house If he were a chief, he was placed beneath a little house or porch which they constructed for this purpose. Before interring him, they mourned him for four days. And afterward laid him on boat which served as a coffin or bier, placing him beneath the porch, where guard kept over him by a slave. In place of rowers, various animals were placed within the boat, each one being assigned a place at the oar by twos---male female of each species being together. Examples: Two goats Two deer, or two fowls MACA , just as if we should say "paradise," or in other words, "village of rest“- it is another life of rest . CASANAAN, which was a "place of anguish"there was a place of punishment, grief, and affliction, they also maintained that no one would go to heaven, where there only dwelt bathala, "the maker of all things," who governed from above. There were also another pagans who confessed more clearly to hell, which they called as I have said, casanaan; they said that all the wicked went to that place, and there dwelt the demons, whom they called sitan. VIBIT-ghosts PHANTOMS, which they called tigbalaang. PATIANACT-if any woman died in childbirth, she and the child suffered punishment, and that, at night, she could be heard lamenting.
