Examining the mental-physical effects of the corona epidemicCOVID-19) on society
Aida Nosrat Talab Haqi1
Abstract:
The epidemic of Covid-19 has had a significant impact on the mental and physical healthof people
in the society, which consequences have been observed for a long time after the end of the
epidemic.
The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the psycho physical
effects of the covid-19 epidemic on the society. Based on the investigation and identification of
these effects can help us in facing these effects and solving the problems.
For achieving this goal, articles 2020 to 2022 have been collected and after review these effects
were placed in 4 categories: 1-psychological effects, 2-mood effects, 3-physical effects, and 4other psychological effects.
According to the issues raised, it is suggested that in the crises created in the society the social
problem-solving skills training should be included in the student’s curriculum, so then the
students been abled to face problems more realistically and deal with them.
Creating 24 hours line for people to talk is very pleasant and makes peacefulness for them that
they are not alone and also prevents uncontrollable acts, and arrangements are necessary for
training families to use the effective communication skills and conflict resolution strategies in
social networks and social medias.
It is also suggested the policies have to been made to strengthen the professional competence
of educational, school and health psychologists for effective intervention in health crisis.
Keywords: Corona, Covid-19, psychological effects, physical effects, effects on society.
1
PhD student, counseling department, Islamic Azad University, Bojnord branch
1
Introduction:
Corona virus2(2019) And the fears that came with it spread all over the world, and the resulting
deaths seem to reflect some kind of pandemic influenza (JAMA Network3, 2019) but this virus is
the first example of an acute respiratory disease, a new pneumonia infected with the corona
virus4was born in Wuhan, China, Hubei province (Rahman5 et al., 2020) The behavior of the
corona virus to date has shown that, through genome sequencing and evolutionary
differentiation analysis, it is a distinct group from the previous forms of the corona virus that
have been prevalent in the last two decades, such as Sars virus6or Mers7It is human (World Health
Organization8, 2020). According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, the rate of
infection with this infectious disease reaches 50-80% of the entire population of the planet, and
the mortality rate is estimated between 3-4% (Q.E.9, 2020). 2019 corona disease
outbreak(COVID-19) and the resulting physical and psychological risks and recommended actions
and psychological responses to previous large outbreaks, particularly the Ebola virus disease
pandemic from 2014 to 2016, insight into the potential impact, rapidly spreading diseases and
problems It provides the mental health. (Amsalem and Dixon and Neria10, 2011)
This virus has infected our country like other countries in the world And It was officially approved
on 30 February 2018. However, according to some experts, since January, patients with signs of
coronavirus virus have gone to medical centers, which have not been identified due to the new
emergence of the disease, and according to the deputy minister, because it is at the peak of
Influenza epidemic(H1, N111),health system Get it wrong and noticed the arrival of the disease
late. From March 3, 2018, the situation in Iran changed from white to yellow. On March 8, Mike
Ryan, executive director of the programmedical emergencyworld Health OrganizationHe said:
Iran that in the past week had only two cases, today it has confirmed up to 245 cases of corona
infection. According to Ryan, this disease came without any identification so it may be much more
than what we see. In mid-February 2020, Iran after china became the second focal point of the
spread of the corona virus in the world.On April 3, 2019, the head of the Public Relations Center
Notices The Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education announced that "quarantine
level three against Corona is in effect" but more restrictions are required and include military
rule which is neither possible nor desirable. On April 23, most of the guilds were reactivated by
following health protocols. On May 14, according to the announcement Ministry of Health and
Medical Education 61 cities of the country are in the red state with more than three hospitalized
patients per hundred thousand populationhas
2
: COVID-19
: JAMANETWORK
4
: Novel Corona virus-Infected Pneumonia (NICP)
5
:Rahman
6
:SARS
7
: MORS
8
: World Health Organization (who)
9
: Q&A
10
:Amsalem,, DixonNeria
11
: H1N1
3
2
The five main and dangerous type of corona mutations have been found until now include:
Alpha corona (English corona) with medical nameB.1.1.7
Beta corona (African corona) with medical nameB.1.351
Gamma corona (Brazilian corona) with medical nameP.1
Delta corona (Indian corona) with medical nameB.1.617.2
Amicron corona (African corona) with medical nameB.1.1.529
which has caused the conflict of about 434 million people in the world and caused the death of
about 6 million people. In Iran, according to the Ministry of Health, about 7 million people have
been infected with the corona virus, of which about 136 thousand people have died. Also in the
country, according to the official announcement of the Ministry of Health, there are 63274619
new infections55873542 peopleThe second dose and 24342205 people have injected the third
dose.
problem statement:
Considering the epidemic of this disease, which has affected almost all important economic,
political, social, cultural, educational and even military aspects of all countries of the world, the
discussion of the psychological effects of this viral disease on the health and mental health of
people at different levels Society is of special importance(Li, Wang, Zhou, Zhao and Zhou 12,
2020).In the meantime, one should not be ignorant of the effects of this disease on the affected
people during the treatment period, as well as those around the helpers and other family
members. Researches show that anxiety and depression and pathological fears caused by the
fear of the death of loved ones, behavioral disorders caused by The disease strongly affects the
mental health of the patient and his dependents and affects their quality of life physically and
psychologically for a long time (Bonizato, Qijia, Ferraro and Gallant).13, 2022). Also, researchers
have shown that the quarantine caused by Covid-19 led to mental disorders, disturbances in
many social and family relationships, especially in the elderly, people with cognitive disorders,
children, women and sick people living in rural areas and sanatorium were severely affected by
the Covid-19 pandemic. Varaniz, Demortas14, 2022).
The results of research conducted worldwide in the years 2020 to 2022 show that at all levels,
the mental health of the community has been significantly affected by this epidemic, for example
Research results in January 2020 in China show that sleep disorder is very common which Caused
by this disease increased anxiety and stress (Xiu, Zhang, Kong and Yang15, 2020). Also, the
researches showed that educated women were more aware when facing the disease and
reported more fear of the spread of the disease at different levels. From these findings and the
12
: Li, Wang, Xue, Zhao & Zhu
:Bonizzato, Ghiggia, Ferraro, Galant
14
: Veronese, Demurtas
15
: Xiao, Zhang, Kong, Li, & Yang
13
3
resulting experiences, it can be used to identify strategic opportunities for disaster management.
Use at different times)Setkovij16, 2022; Nikolic, Oka, Martinovic, Dragasevich, 2022).
In addition to many physical problems, this disease has many psychological problems, such as
stigmatizing the infected survivors, ignoring medical measures, environmental effects, affecting
the health of women and children, and economic pressures, and as a result, physical and mental
problems. Due to poverty, unemployment, lack of family support for men, it has disrupted public
health efforts and has had a negative impact on people's psychological conditions (Amsalem,
Dixon, and Neria, 2011).
In the meantime, children and teenagers and the profound effects of this epidemic on them are
very important due to the many changes in their lifestyles, according to the recommendations of
the World Health Organization, the governments quickly Took action against the epidemic and
preventing its further spread; including restricting commuting, Closing schools and universities
and quarantining people at home.Limitation of relationships and commuting among family and
community, suspension of public and recreational places (cinema, theater, sports clubs, parks,
etc.). Although these measures reduce the duration of the conflict with the corona virus and its
spread and incidence, but on the other hand, people's social activities are limited by these
measures. For example, one of the effects of this disease is closing schools that lead to moving
away from the educational environment, disrupting the normal routine of children's social life,
reducing the time spent with peers and feeling lonely, causing or contributing to the occurrence
of domestic violence and addiction to Online games, too much contact with electronic devices
and the risks of that and Also reducing mental health and symptoms Such as anxiety, depression,
fear and feeling of loneliness (World Health Organization, 2020). As the results of Zheng et al.'s
studies show, during quarantine, getting worse the relationship between parents and children,
increasing the conflicts with parents, aggression, Irregular work and rest, increased worry about
getting infected with the virus, less physical activity, and negative mood are risk factors for social
anxiety and depression. (Zheng, Li, Zhang J, Li, Cao Z17, 2020). Also, Asdalahi and Rafezi (1400)
have reported anxiety, feeling of insecurity and decreased the life expectancy as the most
important psychological effects of the disease on children, and also Kolind and Kazemi (1400)
also reported social risks, reduction of social relationships as psychological effects caused by
Corona, along with widespread fear and anxiety, as well as intellectual and practical obsessions,
in the research of Asgari et al demonstrated empty nest, increasing pathological fear,
psychological irritation, intrapersonal problems, interpersonal problems and tension caused by
existing conditions among individuals and families.
Mental health disorders caused by the coronavirus is like Duan and Zhao18(2020) suggested
psychological services related to corona virus should be done in this field, This is possible and
acceptable when the experts identify all aspects of the diseases. So according to the high
prevalence and different strains of this disease and the prolongation of the epidemic period and
16
: Cvetković, Nikolić; Oca; Martinović, Dragašević
17
: Zheng Li, Zhang, Jin, Li, Cao Z
18
: Duan, Zhu
4
the emergence of many economic, social, family and etc covid-19 affected the all dimension of
mental health in people in the society, so it is necessary the dimensions of Psychological effects
related to covid-19 have been investigated. Because the effects of injuries and mental pressures
caused by the corona virus crisis remain on people for a long time and might be affected The
dimensions of mental health; And these psychological dimensions are unknown and so There is
not enough research about it. On the other hand, the researches conducted during this period
are more of the survey type and estimate the anxiety and depression levels of corona patients
and other people have been involved in this disease and there is no explanation, recognition and
deep understanding of these works have been done, so the purpose of this research was to
investigate the psychological effects of the corona epidemic.
During the outbreak of COVID-19, people have shown a similar set of high-risk behaviors, which
can include ignoring recommendations for social distancing (for example, during holidays,
ceremonies and celebrations, and mourning, etc.) and continuing to travel despite restrictions.
(e.g. fleeing from affected communities), these risky behaviors accelerate the spread of the
disease and make it more difficult to isolate confirmed cases. On the other hand, fear-related
behaviors, such as extreme avoidance of social contact, are likely to lead to an increased risk of
mental health problems, and also these behaviors may shape the course of the outbreak in the
short and long term (Schultz, Cooper, and Bein Gana19,2016) Psychological training and changing
the direction of related behavioral responses related to fear during outbreaks, it can reduce risks
and promote resilience (Senamokans, Norisha, Rossa, Dervis, Bokaka20, 2020)
One of the most important issues at the beginning of the outbreak was quarantine as the first
method to prevent the outbreak. Mental distress is a common phenomenon during quarantine
and after. Quarantined people commonly experience fear, sadness, low mood(73 percent),
Stimulation(57 percent), feeling empty, insomnia, confusion, poor concentration, poor
performance at work, anger, symptoms of Acute stress and post-traumatic stress, Depression
and affective disorders (Brooks et al21, 2020) reported No negative psychological consequences
of quarantine only in the case of healthcare workers; Rather, it has obtained similar results in
relation to the normal population; For example, the average of post-traumatic stress scores for
parents and children who were quarantined were four times higher than families who were not,
in other words 28Percentage of parents who were quarantined had reported symptoms that was
a diagnosis of a disorder related to stress(Sprang and Silman22, 2013).
Also, the researches show that during the covid epidemic, we faced many changes in the society
at the individual and social level, for example in the general population, people feel fear,
helplessness, and stigma, and also with the closure of schools, the society were faced issues, like
psychological effects of closing schools, the way of education, conflict between parents, mood
19
: Shultz, Cooper, Baingana
: Céna, Mukunz, Noorisha, Roussea, Derivois, Bukaka
21
Brooks et al
22
: sprang, silman
20
5
changes of students, the lack of infrastructure for education and many other issues, one of the
biggest issues was how to deal with children in this crisis and lack of awareness in the parents,
which turned to a big problem: inactivity, depression, loneliness, fear and anxiety,Physical
symptoms and mental symptoms such as be considered sick and fear of illness and any signs of
being sick have led to the occurrence of mild to severe symptoms. In the meantime, people who
had mental problems in the society and family were more exposed to problems (Heng et al.,
2020). All these problems require interventions that should be considered during the corona and
post-corona period in order to be able to deal with them. These effects have been faced or the
damage caused by it has been minimized. The creation of emergency centers for psychological
interventions, the possibility of telephone and online counseling for all members of society,
especially for people who are facing the disease or those around them, as well as the possibility
of increasing the process Vaccination, raising more awareness, move slowly towards the
normalization of the situation.
Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the psychological effects of the corona
disease in the society, based on which it is possible to help improve the conditions and reduce
the effects of the disease by providing solutions.
Researches about the psychological effects of corona disease
In order to determine the psychological effects of corona disease in the society, firstly, by
collecting the research done in the country from the databases, review and summarizing the
articles related to the year 2019 to 2019 based on table number (1)
Table-1The classification table of the effects of corona disease in the society based on the articles done inside the
country
Psychological effects
anxietyAnd stress, insomnia,
distress
Year
2019
Stress, reducing the function of the
2019
immune system of people
Community mental health,
children, health care workers,
collective grief, unexpressed grief
response, family conflicts.
2019
Title
The effect of the corona
virus on the
psychological health of
people
Health Psychology and
Corona Virus Pandemic
Crisis (Covid 91)
Psychological
consequences of the
corona virus in society
6
research fellow
R
o
w
Tuka et al
1
Bagharian,
Alipour, Mir
Ahmadi
2
Farahti
3
anxiety,Depression, post-traumatic
The epidemic of covid-19
stress disorder, psychological
2019 and its effect on mental
distress and stress
health
Analyzing the themes of
psychological disaster, Stress,
mental health dimensions
anxiety, depressed mood, mood
affected by the corona
2019
irritable,Obsession, getting caught
virus epidemic: a
up in conflict
qualitative research
DimensionsPsychological
Anxiety and depression, sleep
effects of covid 19
problems, loneliness and post2019
disease and psychological
traumatic stress
damage caused by it
Psychological
Post-traumatic stress disorder,
consequences and
depression, anxiety, stress, sleep 2019
interventions in the
disorders and anger
covid-1 pandemic
anxiety,
Psychological effects of
)PTSDFear, depression, labeling,
the spread of covid-91
avoidance behaviors, irritability, 2019
disease on the mental
sleep disturbance, and posthealth of the community
traumatic stress disorder
EffectsQuarantine during
Post-traumatic stress, anger, fear,
epidemics on mental
2019
anxiety and depression
health and its
management practices
Psychological damage of
Stress, anxiety, symptoms of
the coronavirus- review
depression, insomnia, denial,
2019
study
anger and fear in people
Fear, anxiety, stress.
Fear of death
2019
Stress, anxiety, symptoms of
depression, insomnia, denial,
anger and fear in people
2019
Increasing anxiety and decreasing
social cohesion
2019
Paranoia and depression in people
and less sense of health, anxiety
and the experience of stigma
2019
Investigating the mental
health complications of
covid-19 in patients and
those who have
recovered from this
disease, A review study
Psychological damage of
new corona virus disease
Prediction of mental
health based on anxiety
and social connection
caused by corona disease
RolePsychological
characteristics related to
mental security in the
7
Noor Bala et al
4
Askari,
Chowdari,
Burjali
5
Askari et al
6
Shahid Haq
Kadam et al
7
Shahyad and
Mohammadi
8
Hafizi and
Sahab Negah
9
Korani and
colleagues
10
Ashuri
11
Ghasemi Tahab
et al
12
Alizadeh Fard,
Safarinia
13
Fathi et al
14
social
Anxiety, depression and stress
Anxiety, insecurity, and
Decreased vitality
Increased anxiety and depression,
sleep problems,
the fearFrom death and posttraumatic stress
anxiety of Corona and the
experience of social
stigma after the first
wave of the epidemic of
covid-19 in students
Predicting the level of
depression, anxiety and
stress during the outbreak
of Corona based on
1400
Ghorbani et al
personality traits in the
residents of Kashan city
in March 2018 to April
2019
StudyPsychological
effects of corona virus
Asdolahi and
1400 and quarantine after that
Rafezi
on children using
drawing tests
Interventionsand
psychological
Encouragement,
characteristics affecting
1400
butterfly, Mr.
covid-19 and the
Miri
resulting
psychopathology
15
16
17
Experience empty nest, worry,
annoyance
Psychological, intrapersonal
problems, interpersonal problems
and tension caused by existing
conditions
Analyzing the
psychological
1400
experiences of the
elderly during the corona
epidemic
Asgari,
carpentry and
carpentry
18
Social risks, reduction of social
relations
The effect of covid-19 on
mental health, social
economic issues and
social relations in Tehran
Kolivand and
Kazemi
19
1400
After summarizing and categorizing, these works can be categorized as follows based on table
number (2).
Table-2: Classification table of the effects of corona disease on the society
Physical effects
insomnia
obesity
thinness
Decreased immune system
Mood effects
anger
depressed mood
Irritability
obsession
8
Psychological effects
anxiety
Stress
depression
Distress
Physical diseases of mental
origin
Diseases caused by infection
Domestic violence and
beatings
Reduction of solidarity (familysocial)
The stigma experience
Caught in conflict
Decreased vitality
fear (illness-death)
Annoyance
anger
Feeling lonely
Denial
Feeling insecure
Empty nest experience
Stress caused by
circumstances
Internal and external
problems
PTSD
In order to determine the psychological effects of the corona disease in the world community,
first of all, by collecting the research conducted in the country from the databases, reviewing and
summarizing the articles related to the year 2020 to 2022 based on table number 3
Table-3: The classification table of the effects of corona disease in the society based on the articles done abroad
Psychological effects
Year
Irritability, apathy, restlessness, general
anxiety, insomnia
2020
Fear that leads to disruption of regular and
balanced breathing, headache, nausea,
confusion
2020
Epidemic anxiety in society leads to
physical effects and disruption in society
2020
Overweight, excessive desire to sleep,
increased fear and anxiety, increased use of
the Internet
Decrease (physical well-being–Emotional)
2020
9
Title
research
fellow
Behavioral and
psychological effects
of corona-19
Cagnein
quarantine in patients
et al
with pervasive physical
problems
Neurological and
psychological effects
of
Rahman
coronavirus(COVIDet al
19): An overview of
the current pandemic
Psychological-social
Botho et
effects of the corona
al
virus
The impact of the
corona virus
Audible
pandemic(COVID-19)
and third
on health and quality
of life in children
R
o
w
1
2
3
4
Decreased communication (family, relatives,
friends)
Fear of death and disease
Uncontrollable anxiety
Cognitive distortions due to anxiety and fear
- Anxiety problems leading to an increase in
problems such as snoring
- Increasing the frequency of food
consumption (sweets-vegetable-protein),
increasing dental problems
- Increasing the problem of bad breath due
to infectious issues and so on
- More use of toothbrushes and oral care
products
Post-traumatic anxiety, fear of death, weak
and fragile general health status, long-term
fear
Disruption of sleep quality and time, sleep
during the day
Sleep with nightmares and fatigue
Drowsiness during the day
Because of the quarantine, sleep
improvement has also been reported
High level of loneliness and anxiety,
depression, low sleep quality and low
insomnia, high incompatibility and weak
self-image, uncertainty
Decreased parent-child relationships
Decreased resilience in the family
Refer more to psychologists and counselors
Fear comes with greater self-awareness
Women experience a higher level of selfcare and fear
2020
Based on the cognitive
model of the possible
effects of the corona
virus epidemic on
human psychology
Mateen
and
Setin
Kaya
5
2021
The effect of fear
caused by corona on
oral health
Surrey
and
Bilmes
6
2021
Mental health
outcomes during alert
situations and recovery
to the new normal of
the 2019 coronavirus
pandemic: a crosssectional study based
on an affected
population.
Zhang et
al
7
2021
Sleep and daytime
problems during the
pandemicCOVID-19
and the effects of
coronavirus infection
Partinen
et al
8
Gu et al
9
the
future
1
0
Sitkovic
et al
1
1
2021
2021
2022
10
Effects of coronavirusinduced loneliness on
mental health: Sleep
quality and intolerance
for uncertainty as
mediators
The effects of the 2019
coronavirus
disease(COVID-19) on
family functioning
A predictive model of
fear of pandemic
disasters caused by
Corona(COVID-19):
Age, gender and education were effective in
the response to this epidemic
Respiratory disorder, anxiety, pains without
physical causes
2022
Short and long term depression and anxiety
2022
Implications for
decision makers
The effects of the
corona virus on human
health and its impact
on other aspects of life:
a review of the scope
Cognitive, behavioral
and psychological
manifestationsCOVID19 in the post-acute
rehabilitation setting:
preliminary data from
an observational study
Kodar
and
colleagu
es
1
2
Bonitza
et al
1
3
After summarizing and categorizing, these works can be categorized as follows based on table
number (4).
Table-4: Classification table of the effects of corona disease on the society
Physical effects
Mood effects
insomnia
Excessive use of the Internet
too much sleep
Dysfunction in regular and
balanced breathing
depressed mood
Psychological effects
Short and long term
anxiety
Stress
Irritability
depression
obsession
Going to a counselor and
psychologist because of
the problem
Headache - confusion
Decrease in relationships (familyfriendly-familial)
incompatibility
tiredness
Poor self-esteem
fear (illness-death)
Oral problems
Fear associated with reduced selfefficacy
Feeling lonely
Decreased sleep quality
Irritability
Take care of yourself and
your family
Asymptomatic physical
pains
Incuriosity
Unreliability
restlessness
Decreased resilience
Sleep with nightmares
nausea
obesity
Fragile and weak physical
health status
11
PTSD
Therefore, we can briefly mention these three works
1- Psychological effects
2- Mood effects
3-Physical effects
In the study conducted by researchers on the effects of this disease in the collection of research
conducted inside and outside the country, especially in China as the primary origin of this disease,
these cases have been mentioned.
1- Psychological effects: Staying in a closed space like home due to physical distancing and social
distancing as well as restrictions on traffic can lead to anxiety and depression in people. According
to Soud’s opinion(2020) Limitation in social relations can be a reason of anxiety and depression
in people(Sood et al23, 2020).
2-Sleep problems: Some studies show that the experience of quarantine and changes in sleeping
hours can lead to sleepiness in people. Xiao et al(2020) showed that Anxiety and depression can
predict sleep problems in quarantined people(Xiao et al24, 2020). Also, disruption of sleep time
and sleep quality, daytime sleep and nightmares, which leads to boredom and depression (Bartin
et al., 2021)
3-Loneliness and post-traumatic stress: As a result of the spread of the Covid-19 disease and the
quarantine of people at home, as well as the loss of loved ones and unfinished mourning, it can
create the basis for people to feel lonely and post-traumatic stress.(Wang et al25, 2020)
4-Physical problemsConsidering that the lifestyle in the whole world has changed completely and
as a result of remote work and quarantine and mental problems, there are many physical
problems such as pain without physical problems with psychological origin, weak and fragile
physical health status in those who have recovered, caregivers and also in Healthy people due to
a decrease in psychological security, oral and dental problems such as grinding teeth due to stress
and anxiety, as well as a decrease in oral and dental health due to a decrease in care and timely
referral, as well as due to an increase in meals and a change in eating style. And the type of food
has led to a decrease in oral health, an increase in infections and gum problems, which can lead
to serious problems after the Corona period, headaches, nausea and decreased oxygen due to
23
: Sood etal
: Xiao et al
25
Wang et al
24
12
long-term use of masks, excessive use of detergents and disinfectants, as well as Uncontrollable
obesity in all strata of society, disorders in the respiratory system in patients,
4-Other Psychological issues: reduction of social activities, problems Related to job and income,
moving away from family members And friends, adapting to specific health conditions and
receiving paradoxical news from different sources can lead to psychological problems such as
Adaptation issues, distress, domestic violence, aggression and conflict(Zhang and Ma26, 2020).
Discussion and conclusion:
Although the measures taken to reduce the spread of the virus(including the use of masks, social
distancing, school closures, vaccinations) are basic But it may cost psychological affects which
have to be paid attention, these strict rules(Like quarantine) has profoundly changed the lifestyle
and social relations and along with the fear of the disease, it causes deep anxiety which has cast
a shadow on the whole society and its mental health for a long time; Therefore, psychological
changes include: fear, anxiety, depression, psychological disturbance or uncertainty, restlessness
and irritability and sometimes indifference and reduced resilience, Not only in the population
directly affected by the virus; but also, it occurred in humans as a whole during the outbreak of
covid-19. Unpleasant experiences and the psychological distress associated with them will be
directly related to the perception of the restriction of freedom as a consequence of quarantine,
This situation can have a significant emotional impact on the medical staff and the general
population with signs of anxiety, stress and depression (Qurani et al., 2019). Currently, with the
spread of the O-micron strain in the sixth wave of this disease, which due to the amount of
vaccination and also the occurrence of factors such as fatigue and mental stress caused by it, as
well as the economic consequences of the spread of the disease with simplicity and reduction
health protocols among the people, which can lead to problems in getting out of this wave.
In the meantime, we should think about the interventions that should be implemented in the
mental health sector of the society. These interventions can include: Identification of people in
danger for help them to by giving Appropriate psychological techniques to maintain and improve
the mental health of them. Presentation of the Appropriate psychological program, protocols
and targeted treatment for helping to people By reducing the effects caused by the disease and
Maintain the mental health of people at different levels of society. Also In the current situation,
psychotherapists and counselors are facing the crisis of dealing with the increasing vulnerability
of people. According to the current conditions in the country, the possibility of face-to-face
treatment completely does not exist, establishing counseling centers With the cooperation of
psychological experts and using therapeutic methods by phone and online counseling to people
who have encountered problems is necessary for move on through these days with minimal
damage. Talking to a counselor about worries and concerns reduces the patient's tension and
allows the patient to control their emotions, stress, and anxiety before their mental condition
get worse.
26
: zhang, ma
13
According to the mentioned items in the crises of And Quarantine days, social problem solving,
skills training program, resilience training should be included in the curriculum of students So
that students can face and adapt to these problems more realistically.
The experience of working in other countries has shown that creating a 24-hour communication
line for people to talk and advise and to create this thinking in people that there is always a
listening ear and a guide for them is very pleasant and gives them this heart confidence. It is very
beneficial to let them know that they are never alone and prevents uncontrollable actions. This
has been very useful and effective especially for women and children.
Also arrangements for training families to use effective communication skills and conflict
resolution strategies In mass communication tools, social networks are necessary, and serious
efforts are made to prevent the spread of rumors and give correct information through The
means of mass communication that is available for whole society is very necessary.
It is suggested, policies be adopted to strengthen qualification of The professions of educational
psychologists, school and Health, for effective intervention in health crises. Also, it can be very
beneficial to create healthy entertainment in radio and television in order to entertain people
and fill free time.
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