Digital rights and digital
surveillance - preparation
homework
Exercise 1 - Define and describe the
following terms
Completed this using the Oxford dictionary (I put my interpretations in purple for
multiple-word definitions)
Social and Political Terms
● Gentrification - verb (gen tri fies, gen tri fy ing, gen tri fied) [usually passive] - to
change an area, a person, etc. so that they are suitable for, r can mix with, people
of a higher social class than before: Old working-class areas of the city are being
gentrified → gen-tri-fi-ca-tion noun
● Activist - noun a person who works to achieve political or social change, especially
as a member of an organization with particular aims: gay activists → ac - tiv - ism
noun
● Authoritarian regime ○ Authoritarian - believing that people should obey authority and rules, even
when these are unfair, and even if it means that they lose their personal
freedom: 1. an authoritarian regime/government/state 2. Father was a
strict authoritarian (au thori tar ian)
○ Regime ■ 1. A method or system of government, especially one that has not
been elected in a fair way: a fascist/totalitarian/military, etc. regime
an oppressive/brutal regime
■ 2. A method or system of organizing or managing something: our
tax regime is one of the most favourable in Europe
■ 3. Regimen: a dietary regime
● Servitude - noun (formal) the condition of being a slave or being forced to obey
another person
● Terrorist ○ Terrorism - noun the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims
or to force a government to act: an act of terrorism
○ Terrorist - noun a person who takes part in terrorism: 1. The terrorists are
threatening to blow up the plane 2. A terrorist attack/bomb/groupcompare
● Public actor ○ Public
■ Public
● Adjective
○ OF ORDINARY PEOPLE
1. [only before noun] connected with ordinary
people in society in general: 1. The campaign
is designed to increase public awareness of the
issues 2. Levels of waste from the factory may
be a danger to public health 3. Why would the
closure of hospitals be in the public interest (=
useful to ordinary people)? 4. The government
had to bow to public pressure
FOR EVERYONE
■ 2. [only before noun] provided, especially by
the government, for the use of people in
general: 1. Public education system 2. A public
library (opposite = private)
OF GOVERNMENT
■ 3. [only before noun] connected with the
government and the services it provides: 1.
Public money/spending/funding/expenditure 2.
He spent much of his career in public office (=
working in the government) 3. The public
purse (= the money that the government can
spend) 4. The rail industry is no longer in
public ownership (= controlled by the
government (opposite = private)
SEEN/HEARD BY PEOPLE
■ 4. Known to people in general: 1. A public
figure (= a person who is well known because
they are often on television, radio, etc.) 2.
Details of the government report have not yet
been made public 3. She entered public life (=
started a job in which she became known to
the public) at the age of 25
■ 5. Open to people in general; intended to be
seen or heard by people in general: 1. A public
apology 2. The painting will be put on public
display next week 3. This may be the band’s
last public appearance together
PLACE
■ 6. Where there are a lot of people who can see
and hear you: Let’s go somewhere a little less
public (opposite = private)
Publicly
■ 1. (adverb): 1. A publicly owned company 2.
He later publicly apologized for his comments
3. This information is not publicly available
● Idioms
○ Go public ■ 1. To tell people about
something that is a
secret
■ 2. (of a company) to
start selling shares on
the stock exchange
■
○
○
○
○
○
○
Noun
○ ORDINARY PEOPLE
■ 1. The public - ordinary people in society in
general: 1. The palace is now open to the
public 2. There have been many complaints
from members of the public 3. The public
has/have a right to know what is contained in
the report
○ GROUP OF PEOPLE
■ 2. A group of people who share a particular
interest or who are involved in the same
activity: 2. The theatre-going public 2. She
knows how to keep her public (= for example,
the people who buy her books) satisfied
● Idioms
○ In public - when other people,
especially people you do not
know, are present: She doesn't
like to be seen in public without
her make-up on
■ Public affairs - noun
● Issues and questions about social, economic, political or
business activities, etc. that affect ordinary people in general
Actors ■ Action ● Noun
○ WHAT SOMEBODY DOES
■ 1. The process of doing something in order to
make something happen or to deal with a
situation: 1. The time has come for action if
these beautiful animals are to survive 2.
Firefighters took action immediately to stop
the blaze spreading 3. What is the best course
of action in the circumstances? 4. She began
to explain her plan of action to the group
■ 2. A thing that somebody does: 1. Her quick
action saved the child’s life 2. Each of us must
take responsibility for our own actions
○ LEGAL PROCESS
■ 3. A legal process to stop a preson or company
from doing something, or to make them pay
for a mistake, etc.: 1. A libel action is being
brought against the magazine that published
the article 2. He is considering taking legal
action against the hospital
○ IN WAR
■ 4. Fighting in a battle or war: 1. Military action
2. Soldiers killed in action
●
○
In the public eye - well known to
many people through
newspaper and television: She
doesn’t want her children
growing up in the public eye
○
○
○
○
○
■
●
IN STORY/PLAY
■ 5. The events in a story, play, etc.: The action
takes place in France
EXCITING EVENTS
■ 6. Exciting events: 1. I like films with plenty of
action 2. New York is where the action is
EFFECT
■ 7. Of something (on something) - The effect
that one substance or chemical has on
another: The action of sunlight on the skin
OF PART OF THE BODY
■ 8. (technical) The way a part of the body
moves or functions: A study of the action of
the liver
OF MACHINE
■ 9. [singular] The mechanical parts of a piano,
gun, clock, etc. or the way the parts move
Actor ● A person who performs on the stage, on television or in
films/movies, especially as a profession
Private actors
○ Private ■ Adjective
● NOT PUBLIC
○ 1. [usually before noun] Belonging to or for the use of
a particular person or group; not for public use: 1. The
sign said, “Private property. Keep out” 2. Those are
my father’s private papers 3. The hotel has 110
bedrooms, all with private bathrooms
● CONVERSATION/MEETING
○ 2. Intended for or involving a particular person or
group of people, not for people in general or for
others to know about: 1. A private conversation 2.
They were sharing a private joke 3. Senior defence
officials held private talks
● FEELINGS/INFORMATION
○ 3. That you do not want other people to know about
(synonym = secret): Her private thoughts and feelings
● NOT OWNED/RUN BY STATE
○ 4. [usually before noun] owned or managed by an
individual person or an independent company rather
than by the state: 1. Private banks 2. A programme to
return many of the state companies to private
ownership (opposite = public)
○ 5. [only before noun] Working or acting for yourself
rather than for the state or for a group or company,
especially in health or education: 1. Private doctors 2.
(British English) If I can afford it, I think I’ll go private
(= pay for medical care rather than use the
government service)
● NOT WORK
○ 6. [usually before noun] Not connected with your
work or official position: A politician’s private life
●
●
●
●
Noun
● 1. (British English) A soldier of the lowest rank in the army:
Private (John) Smith
● 2. Privates [plural] (informal) (= private parts)
Actors ■ Action ● Noun
○ WHAT SOMEBODY DOES
■ 1. The process of doing something in order to
make something happen or to deal with a
situation: 1. The time has come for action if
these beautiful animals are to survive 2.
Firefighters took action immediately to stop
the blaze spreading 3. What is the best course
of action in the circumstances? 4. She began
to explain her plan of action to the group
■ 2. A thing that somebody does: 1. Her quick
action saved the child’s life 2. Each of us must
take responsibility for our own actions
○ LEGAL PROCESS
■ 3. A legal process to stop a preson or company
from doing something, or to make them pay
for a mistake, etc.: 1. A libel action is being
brought against the magazine that published
the article 2. He is considering taking legal
action against the hospital
○ IN WAR
■
○
QUIET
○ 7. Where you are not likely to be disturbed; quiet:
Let’s go somewhere a bit more private (opposite =
public)
PERSON
○ 8. [usually before noun] Not wanting to share
thoughts and feelings with other people: He’s a very
private person
LESSONS
○ 9. [usually before noun] Given by a teacher, etc. to
one person or a small group of people for payment:
She gives private English lessons at weekends
MONEY
○ 10. That you receive from property or other sources
but do not have to earn: He has a private income
■ Privately
● Adverb
○ 1. Can we speak privately? 2. In
public he supported the official
policy, but privately he was sure
it would fail 3. A privately
owned company 4. Their
children were educated privately
5. She smiled, but privately she
was furious
4. Fighting in a battle or war: 1. Military action
2. Soldiers killed in action
IN STORY/PLAY
■ 5. The events in a story, play, etc.: The action
takes place in France
EXCITING EVENTS
■ 6. Exciting events: 1. I like films with plenty of
action 2. New York is where the action is
EFFECT
■ 7. Of something (on something) - The effect
that one substance or chemical has on
another: The action of sunlight on the skin
OF PART OF THE BODY
■ 8. (technical) The way a part of the body
moves or functions: A study of the action of
the liver
OF MACHINE
■ 9. [singular] The mechanical parts of a piano,
gun, clock, etc. or the way the parts move
■
○
○
○
○
○
■
●
Actor ● A person who performs on the stage, on television or in
films/movies, especially as a profession
Business model
○ Business ■ TRADE
● 1. The activity of making, buying, selling or supplying goods
or services for money (synonym = commerce, trade): 1.
Business contacts/affairs/interests 2. A business investment
3. It’s been a pleasure to do business with you 4. She has set
up in business as a hairdresser 5. When he left school, he
went into business with his brother 6. She works in the
computer business
■ WORK
● 2. Work that is part of your job: Is the trip to Rome business
or pleasure?
● 3. The amount of work done by a company, etc; the rate or
quality of this work: 1. Business was bad 2. Business was
booming 3. Her job was to drum up (= increase) business 4.
How’s business?
■ COMPANY
● 4. A commercial organization such as a company, shop/store
or factory: 1. To have/start/run a business 2. Business
premises 3. She works in the family business 4. They’ve got
a small catering business
■ RESPONSIBILITY
● 5. Something that concerns a particular person or
organization: 1. It is the business of the police to protect the
community 2. I shall make it my business to find out who is
responsible 3. My private life is none of your business (= does
not concern you) 4. It’s no business of yours who I invite to
the party
■ IMPORTANT MATTERS
●
EVENT
● 7. (usually with an adjective) a matter, an event or a
situation: 1. That plane crash was a terrible business 2. I
found the whole business very depressing 3. The business of
the missing tickets hasn't been sorted out
■ BEING A CUSTOMER
● 8. The fact of a person or people buying goods or services at
a shop/store or business: We’re grateful for your business
Model ■ Noun
● SMALL COPY
○ 1. A copy of something, usually smaller than the
original object: 1. A working model (= one in which
the parts move) of a fire engine 2. A model aeroplane
3. The architect had produced a scale model of the
proposed shopping complex
● DESIGN
○ 2. A particular design or type of product: The latest
models will be on display at the motor show
● DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM
○ 3. A simple description of a system, used for
explaining how something works or calculating what
might happen, etc.: A mathematical model for
determining the safe level of pesticides in food
● EXAMPLE TO COPY
○ 4. Something such as a system that can be copied by
other people: The nation’s constitution provided a
model that other countries followed
○ 5. (approving) A person or thing that is considered an
excellent example of something: 1. It was a model of
clarity 2. A model student 3. A model farm (= one
that has been specially designed to work well)
■ Role model
● FASHION
○ 6. A person whose job is to wear and show new styles
of clothes and be photographed wearing them: 1. A
fashion model 2. A male model
● FOR ARTIST
○ 7. A person who is employed to be painted, drawn,
photographed, etc. by an artist or photographer
■ Verb
● WORK AS MODEL
○ 1. To work as a model for an artist or in the fashion
industry
● CLOTHES
○ 2. To wear clothes in order to show them to people
who might want to buy them: The wedding gown is
being modelled for us by the designer’s daughter
● CREATE COPY
■
○
6. Important matters that need to be dealt with or discussed:
1. The main business of the meeting 2. He has some
unfinished business to deal with
3. To create a copy of an activity, a situation, etc. so
that you can study it before dealing with the real
thing (synonym = simulate): The program can model
a typical home page for you
● CLAY, ETC.
○ 4. To shape CLAY, etc. in order to make something: A
statue modelled in bronze
■ A design used by/for a company (my interpretation)
Data brokering industry
○ Data - noun (used as a plural noun in technical English, when the singular is
datum)
■ 1. Facts or information, especially when examined and used to find
out things or to make decisions: 1. This data was collected from 69
countries 2. The analysis/interpretation of the data 3. Raw data (=
that has not been analysed) 4. demographical/historical/personal
data 5. (technical) These data show that most cancers are detected
as a result of clinical follow-up
■ 2. Information that is stored by a computer: data retrieval (= ways
of storing or finding information on a computer)
○ Broker ■ Noun
● 1. A person who buys and sells things for other people: an
insurance broker
● 2. STOCKBROKER → see also HONEST BROKER,
PAWNBROKER, POWER BROKER
■ Verb
● Something to arrange the details of an agreement, especially
between different countries: a peace plan brokered by the
UN
■ The act of selling things for other people and arranging the details
for the agreement (my interpretation)
○ Industry - noun
■ 1. The production of goods from raw materials, especially in
factories:1. heavy/light industry 2. The needs of British industry 3.
She got a job in industry
■ 2. The people and activities involved in producing a particular thing,
or in providing a particular service: 1. The steel industry 2. The
catering/tourist, etc. industry 3. We need to develop local industries
4. (figurative) The Madonna industry (= the large number of people
involved in making Madonna successful=
■ 3. (formal) the quality of working hard: We were impressed by their
industry
Consent ○ noun
■ 1. Permission to do something, especially given by somebody in
authority: 1. Children under 16 cannot give consent to medical
treatment 2. The written consent of a parent is required 3. To refuse
/ withhold your consent 4. He is charged with taking a car without
the owner’s consent.
■ 2. Agreement about something: She was chosen as leader by
common consent (= everyone agreed to the choice 2. By mutual
consent they didn’t go out (= they both agreed not to)
■ 3. An official document giving permission for something
○
●
●
○
●
verb
■
To agree to something or give your permission for something: 1.
When she told them what she intended they readily consented 2. He
reluctantly consented to his daughter’s marriage 3. She finally
consented to answer our questions
Free space
○ Free ■ Adjective
● NOT CONTROLLED
○ 1. Not under the control or the power of somebody
else; able to do what you want: 1. I have no ambitions
other than to have a happy life and be free 2.
Students have a free choice of courses in their final
year 3. To do something - You are free to come and
go as you please 4. (informal) “Can I use the phone?”
“Please, feel free (= of course you can use it)”
○ 2. Not restricted or controlled by anyone else; able to
do or say what you want: 1. A true democracy
complete with free speech and a free press was called
for 2. They gave me free access to all the files
● NOT PRISONER
○ 3. (of a person) Not a prisoner or SLAVE: He walked
out of jail a free man
● ANIMAL/BIRD
○ 4. Not tied up or in a CAGE: The researchers set the
birds free
● NO PAYMENT
○ 5. Costing nothing: 1. Admission is free 2. Free
samples/tickets/advice 3. We’re offering a fabulous
free gift with each copy you buy 4. You can’t expect
people to work for free (= without payment)
● NOT BLOCKED
○ 6. Clear; not blocked: Ensure there is a free flow of air
around the machine
● WITHOUT SOMETHING
○ 7. From/of something - Not containing or affected by
something harmful or unpleasant: 1. Free from
difficulty/doubt/fear 2. Free from artificial colours and
flavourings 3. It was several weeks before he was
completely free of pain
○ 8. (in adjectives) without the thing mentioned: 1.
Virtually fat-free yogurt 2. Tax-free earnings 3. A
trouble-free life
● NOT ATTACHED/TRAPPED
○ 9. (of something) not attached to something or
trapped by something: 1. Pull gently on the free end
of the rope 2. They had to be cut free from their car
after the accident 3. She finally managed to pull
herself free
● NOT BEING USED
○ 10. Not being used: 1. He held out his free hand and I
took it 2. Is this seat free?
● NOT BUSY
11. (for something) (of a person or time= without
particular plans or arrangements; not busy: 1. If Sarah
is free for lunch I’ll take her out 2. Keep Friday night
free for my party 3. What do you like to do in your
free time (= when you are not working)?
READY TO GIVE
○ 12. With something (often disapproving) - ready to
give something, especially when it is not wanted:
He’s too free with his opinions
TRANSLATION
○ 13. A free translation is not exact but gives general
meaning
■ Idioms
● Free and easy - informal; relaxed: Life
was never going to be so free and easy
again
● Get, have, etc. a free hand - to get,
have, etc. the opportunity to do what
you want to do and make your own
decisions: I was given a free hand in
designing the syllabus
● Get, take, etc. a free ride - to get or
take something without paying because
somebody else is paying for it
● It’s a free country (informal) - used as a
reply when somebody suggests that
you should not do something: It’s a
free country; I’ll say what I like!
● There’s no such thing as a free lunch
(informal) - used to say that it is not
possible to get something for nothing
○
●
●
■
Verb
●
●
●
PRISONER
○ 1. Somebody (from something) - to allow somebody
to leave prison or somewhere they have been kept
against their will (synonym = release): 1. By the end
of May nearly 100 of an estimated 2000 political
prisoners had been freed 2. The hijackers agreed to
free a further ten hostages
SOMEBODY/SOMETHING TRAPPED
○ 2. Somebody/something/yourself (from something) To move somebody/something that is caught or fixed
on something (synonym = release): 1. Three people
were freed from the wreckage 2. She struggled to
free herself
REMOVE SOMETHING
○ 3. Somebody/something of/from
somebody/something - to remove something that is
unpleasant or not wanted from somebody/something
(synonym = rid):1. These exercises help free the body
of tension 2. The police are determined to free the
town of violent crime 3. The centre aims to free
young people from dependency on drugs
●
Adverb
● WITHOUT PAYMENT
○ 1. (Also free of charge) without payment: Children
under five travel free
● NOT TRAPPED
○ 2. Away from or out of a position in which
somebody/something is stuck or trapped: The wagon
broke free from the train
■ Idioms
● Make free with something
(disapproving) - to use something a lot,
even though it does not belong to you
● Run free (of an animal) - to be allowed
to go where it like; not tied to anything
or kept in a cage
Space ■ Noun
● EMPTY AREA
○ 1. An amount of an area or of a place that is empty or
that is available for use (synonym = room): 1.
flood/office/shelf, etc. space 2. We must make good
use of the available space 3. That desk takes up too
much space 4. There is very little storage space in the
department 5. Can we make space for an extra
chair? 6. How much disk space will it take up? (= on a
computer)
○ 2. An area or a place that is empty: 1. A
large7small/narrow/wide space 2. A space two
metres by three metres 3. A parking space 4.
Crowded together in a confined space 5. I’ll clear a
space for your books 6. Put it in the space between
the table and the wall
○ 3. The quality of being large and empt, allowing you
to move freely (synonym = spaciousness): The room
has been furnished and decorated to give a feeling of
space
○ 4. A large area of land that has no buildings on it: 1.
The wide open spaces of the Canadian prairies 2. It’s
a city with fine buildings and plenty of open space
● OUTSIDE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
○ 5. (also outer space) the area outside the earth’s
atmosphere where all the other planets and stars are:
1. The first woman in space 2. The possibility of
visitors from outer space 3. A space flight/mission
■
○
MAKE AVAILABLE
○ 4. Somebody/something (up) - to make
somebody/something available for a particular
purpose: 1. We freed time each week for a project
meeting 2. The government has promised to free up
more resources for education
○ 5. Somebody to do something - to give somebody the
extra time to do something that they want to do:
Winning the prize freed him to paint full-time
●
●
●
●
■
●
Verb
●
PERIOD OF TIME
○ 6. A period of time: 1. Forty-four people died in the
space of five days 2. They had achieved a lot in a
short space of time 3. Leave a space of two weeks
between appointments
IN WRITING/PRINTING
○ 7. The part of a line, page or document that is empty:
1. Don’t waste space by leaving a wide margin 2.
There was not enough space to print all the letters we
received 3. Leave a space after the comma
FREEDOM
○ 8. The freedom and the time to think or do what you
want to: 1. She was upset and needed space 2. You
have to give teenagers plenty of space
WHERE THINGS EXIST/MOVE
○ 9. The whole area in which all things exist and move:
It is quite possible that space and time are finite
■ Idioms
● Look/stare/gaze into space - to look
straight in front of you without looking
at a particular thing, usually because
you are thinking about something
[often passive] something (+ adverb / preposition) - to
arrange things so that they have regular spaces between
them: 1. Evenly spaced plants 2. A row of closely spaced dots
3. Space the posts about a metre apart
○ Phrasal verbs
■ Space out (informal, especially North
American English) - to take no notice of what
is happening around you, especially as a result
of taking drugs
■ Spacing something out - to arrange things
with a wide space between them: The houses
are spaced out in this area of town
Privacy analysis
○ Privacy
■ 1. The state of being alone and not watched or disturbed by other
people: 1. She was longing for some peace and privacy 2. I value my
privacy 3. He read the letter later in the privacy of his own room
■ 2. The state of being free from the attention of the public: Freedom
of speech and the right to privacy
○ Analysis
■ 1. The detailed study or examination of something in order to
understand more about it; the result of the study: 1. Statistical
analysis 2. The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes
■ 2. A careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it
consists of: 1. The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for
analysis 2. You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water
■ 3. Psychoanalysis: In analysis the individual resolves difficult
emotional conflicts
●
●
●
Totalitarian - adjective (disapproving) (of a country or system of government) in
which there is only one political party that has complete power and control over
the people (to tali tar ian ism) noun
Democracy - noun (plural = -ies)
○ 1. A system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to
elect their representatives: 1. Parliamentary democracy 2. The principles of
democracy
○ 2. A country which has this system of government: 1. Western democracies
2. I thought we were supposed to be living in a democracy
○ 3. Fair and equal treatment of everyone in an organization, etc, and their
right to take part in making decisions: the fight for justice and democracy
Police state
○ Noun (disapproving) - A country where people’s freedom, especially to
travel and to express political opinions, is controlled by the government,
with the help of the police
Technology and Data Terms:
● Metadata
○ Meta■ 1. Connected with a change of position or state: 1. Metamorphosis 2.
Metabolism
■ 2. Higher; beyond: 1. Metaphysics 2. Metalanguage
○ Metadata
■ Noun - Information that describes other information in order to help
you understand or use it: In the metadata she found the author and
location of the file
● End to end Encryption
○ Encrypt
■ Verb - something (computing) - to put information into a special
code, especially in order to prevent people from looking at it without
authority (opposite = decrypt)
● Noun - encryption (opposite = decryption)
○ End-to-end encryption
■ End-to-end encryption was traditionally a term used to describe
secure communications between different people. However, the
term is also commonly applied to other services where only you
hold the key that can decrypt your data.
● What Is End-to-End Encryption, and Why Does It Matter?
(howtogeek.com)
● Free/open source software
○ Free and open-source software (FOSS) is software that is available under a
license that grants the right to use, modify, and distribute the software,
modified or not, to everyone free of charge.
■ Free and open-source software - Wikipedia
● Decentralized
○ Decentralize
■ Verb - (something) - To give some of the power of a central
government, organization, etc. to smaller parts or organizations
around the country: Decentralized authority/administration
(opposite = centralize)
● Cookies
○ 1. A small flat sweet cake for one person, usually baked until crisp: 1.
Chocolate chip cookies 2. A cookie jar
2. Smart/tough (informal) - A smart/tough person
3. (Computing) A computer file with information in it that is sent to the
central server each time a particular person uses a network or the Internet
Terms and conditions - Terms and conditions are part of a contract that ensure
parties understand their contractual rights and obligations. Parties draft them into
a legal contract, also called a legal agreement, in accordance with local, state, and
federal contract laws. They set important boundaries that all contract principals
must uphold.
■ Terms and Conditions: What They Are, What to Include (2023)
(contractscounsel.com)
Spy software
○ Spyware is a type of software that unethically without proper permissions
or authorization steals a user’s personal or business information and sends
it to a third party.
■ Qu’est-ce que les logiciels espions dans la cybersécurité ? GeekspourGeeks (geeksforgeeks.org)
Credit rating
○ A credit rating is an evaluation of the creditworthiness of an individual,
company, or government entity.
■ Cote de crédit : signification, liste, types, utilisateurs, importance et
échelle – GeeksforGeeks
Logs
○ Noun
■ 1. A thick piece of wood that is cut from or has fallen from a tree:
logs for the fire
■ 2. An official record of events during a particular period of time,
especially a journey on a ship or plane: The captain keeps a log
■ 3. Logarithm
○ Verb
■ 1. To put information in an official record or write a record of events
(synonym = record): The police log all phone calls
■ 2. To travel a particular distance or for a particular length of time
(synonym = clock up): The pilot has logged 1000 hours in the air
■ 3. To cut down trees in a forest for their wood
Browser history
○ Browser history refers to the record of web pages and online content that
an individual has visited within a specific web browser. It serves as a
chronological log of the user's online activities, capturing details such as
visited URLs, search queries, and the time and date of each interaction.
■ What Is Browser History | Robots.net
GPS data
○ GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system. It
provides time and location-based information to a GPS receiver, located
anywhere on or near the earth surface.
■ Comment fonctionne le GPS ? - GeekspourGeeks
(geeksforgeeks.org)
Data analyst
○ Data analytics is the area of computer science that focuses on extracting
insights from raw data. Data analysts use statistical techniques and
programming languages to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships
within large datasets.
■ What is Data Analytics? A Complete Overview for a Budding Data
Analysis Career | Jessup University
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Privacy analysis
○ Privacy
■ 1. The state of being alone and not watched or disturbed by other
people: 1. She was longing for some peace and privacy 2. I value my
privacy 3. He read the letter later in the privacy of his own room
■ 2. The state of being free from the attention of the public: Freedom
of speech and the right to privacy
○ Analysis
■ 1. The detailed study or examination of something in order to
understand more about it; the result of the study: 1. Statistical
analysis 2. The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes
■ 2. A careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it
consists of: 1. The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for
analysis 2. You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water
■ 3. Psychoanalysis: In analysis the individual resolves difficult
emotional conflicts
Targeted ads
○ Targeted ads use insights from various sets of data to determine which
user is most likely to take action on an ad.
■ Combining data science and targeted advertising for better results |
The Weather Company
● These usually require browser history tracking softwares
mentioned in the Cookies, which users consent to before
being allowed access to the service. - Interpretation
Third party trackers
○ Third-Party
■ An external entity distinct from the website or service directly
interacted with by the user. For example, if you visit a news
website, the third party could be an advertising network that the
news site partners with.
○ Trackers
■ Technologies (like cookies, pixels, and scripts) used to collect data
about user behavior, preferences, and interactions across multiple
sites or sessions.
🇫🇷
French Legal and Justicial Terms:
Casier judiciaire
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○ A criminal record or police record is a record of a person's criminal history,
generally used by potential employers, lenders etc. to assess his or her
trustworthiness.
■ casier judiciaire Definition - French Dictionary | casier judiciaire
Explanations and Pronunciations (wordow.com)
Assigné
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Perquisition
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○ perquisition nf (police) search mandat de perquisition nm (POLICE) - search
warrant
État d’urgence
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○ L’état d’urgence est un régime de crise. Découvrez les fondements
juridiques et historiques et les conséquences de l’état d’urgence en
schéma.
■ The state of emergency is a regime of crisis. Discover the legal and
historical foundations and consequences of the state of emergency
in diagram.
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L’état d’urgence - Le droit en schémas, par Inès Stanojevic
(droitenschemas.com)
Organizations and Movements:
● Stasi
● 1984 by George Orwell
● La Quadrature du Net
● NSA (National Security Agency)
● DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik
● COP21
Exercise 2 - Reflect and share what you
personally think about the following
questions. Minimum 200 words per
question.
1. What does the term "privacy" mean to you? How do you feel when you think
about your own privacy, especially online?
I defined privacy above. Although I know that my phone is in my possession, for example,
and that no one else has access to any data due to the many passwords and security
systems installed, I am well aware that phone companies as well as other applications
monitor online usage to create targeted advertisements. I am sure that I am in my privacy
in regards to my peers entering my phone or viewing my activity, however I understand
that what companies track on the device causes me to lose some of that privacy.
2. Do you trust technology companies and governments to handle your personal data
responsibly? Why or why not? What would increase your trust in these
institutions?
3. Do you think it's more important to prioritize personal privacy or national security?
Why do you think so?
4. Are you aware of any laws or regulations that protect privacy rights? Do you think
these laws are effective in today's digital age?
5. How can we make sure that improvements in data privacy and privacy rights
match what people really want and need?
I was unable to complete this during the given time! We had quite a lot of work despite
this being the last week, including acting out a play for English and presentations in nearly
every class! I did the best I could and spent over 4h on this homework.