OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson the student will be able to;
explain the concept of adult learning.
explain three (3) principles of adult learning.
explain the learning chain model.
state the three (3) domains of learning.
state the two approaches of learning.
ADULT LEARNING AND
TRAINING
Learning
• Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour or
thinking that occurs as a result of experience.
• Others indicate that it is a change in behaviour which is
relatively permanent and is as a result of training, observation
and practice. The change may be in knowledge, skills,
attitudes and may lead to new perceptions, ways of thinking
and action
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Adult Learning
The study of adult learning is known as Andragogy. It
originated from Europe in 1950's as a theory and model.
Adult learning was then pioneered from the 1970's by
Malcolm Knowles an American practitioner and theorist of
adult education, who defined andragogy as "the art and science
of helping adults learn" (Zmeyov 1998; Fidishun 2000).
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Principles of Adult learning
Knowles identified the six principles of adult learning outlined below.
1. Adults are internally motivated and self-directed
Adult learners have some strong beliefs about how they learn.
These beliefs, whether accurate or not can interfere or enhance
their learning. As a facilitator, try to explain why the audience should
participate in specific activities and how the process benefits
their learning.
2. Principle of previous experiences.
New information has to be linked to previous knowledge and
experiences or
it will not be remembered. Allow learners time to
discus with another why the new information connects with what they
already know.
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3. Adults are relevancy oriented
.if the information been presented is not relevant to the listeners life and
work, it will not get their attention. As it a speaker, you must try to make
your content meaningful. If your concepts are complicated or difficult
the listeners will lose attention.
4. Adults are problems centered
adult comes to your presentation expecting to get their problems solved.
They are not there to get more information, if the
information does not
help them to solve their problems it will be
forgotten.
Adults
are
problems-centric not content-centric.
5. Adult learners like to be respected
6. Adults are goal oriented
adult pursue their goals. As a facilitator you must make sure that
your
presentation are geared towards achieving the desired goals.
A
B
.
The Learning Chain Model
• Learning involves the following
• Learner → Experience → Performance
• The learner comes into contact with an experience and as a
result of the interaction, the learner’s behaviour shows that he
or she can carry out the act or solve the problem. Learning is
said to occur when the learner performs a task to prove it
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Concept of Learning
Any concept of learning involves the following;
1.The presence of an experience
2.A change in behaviour
3.The change in behaviour that must be
relatively permanent.
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Nature of learning
Learning is covert (internal) actions in which the individual
acquires the potential or the capacity to perform tasks.
Learning cannot be seen physically. It is an abstract thing and
therefore involves inference or drawing conclusions that you
have learnt. Unless there is an assessment, learning will be an
abstraction.
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Domains of learning
• Cognitive domain- Knowledge
• Psychomotor domain- skills
• Affective domain- Feeling or affection
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Levels of learning
• Knowledge- Information, facts or figures
• Comprehension- understanding or ability to explain
• Application- Solving problems
• Analysis- Breaking down
• Synthesis- Building up
• Evaluation- Assess and pass judgment
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The Adage of Learning
• If I Hear, I forget
• If I see, I remember
• If I do, I know
• If I discover it, I use it.
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Adults learn best when;
• They are motivated to learn, when they are interested and want to
learn
• Information is given to them in logical order consisting of small units
within clear framework
• They are treated as adults (respected)
• They get the opportunity to practice what they are learning.
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Adult learn best when;
• They know how well they are doing and get a feeling of success.
• The topic under discussion is relevant to their daily lives.
• There is repetition and revision.
• Trainer recognizes that they have experience and make use of this
experiences in teaching.
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Adults learn best when;
• The new learning is related to something they already know.
• They feel free to ask questions and there is some discussion between
them and the trainer
• Note: adults remember 20% of what they hear, 50% of what they
hear and see and 90% of what they do
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Approaches to learning
There are mainly two (2) approaches to adult learning namely;
a. surface approach and
b. the deep approach.
a. The surface approach entails merely memorizing facts to pass
examination.
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Characteristics of surface approach
1. Focus on words rather than meaning.
2. Memorize facts
3. Gathers lots of bits and parts without assembling them in a
framework
4. Remembers examples rather than principles
5. Sees learning as coming from outside
6. Sees assessment as more important than interpreting
through learning
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b
. . The deep approach to learning involves how to
think, solve problems and how to apply knowledge
and skill in new situations.
Characteristics of deep learning
1. Concentrates on understanding the meaning
2. Attempts to connect new learning with previous
learning
3. Connects knowledge from different courses
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Characteristics of deep learning
4. Tries to see evidence of what is taught in daily experience
5. See an important difference between logical argument and
assertion (It is because I say it)
6. Looks at a new situation as an opportunity to increase
understanding by solving the new problem
7. Sees learning as something which develops inside the
learner.
8. Sees assessment as another opportunity to learn.
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Terminologies in learning
• Andragogy- science of teaching adults
• Pedagogy- The science of teaching children
• Enactive- Concrete experience through action involved
• Symbolic- applies to verbal conceptualization (concepts) or
mathematical formulation
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THANK YOU
ANY QUESTION???