1. How does the modern scientific method differ from the natural philosophy of the
ancient Greeks?
The modern scientific method is different from ancient Greek philosophy in a few ways.
Today, science depends on evidence from experiments and observations, while the
Greeks mainly used logic without testing. Scientists make and test hypotheses, while
Greek thinkers focused on general ideas. Modern science needs experiments that can
be repeated, which weren’t required in ancient times. Also, modern research uses
technology, which helps us understand the world better.
2. List the six steps of one full cycle of the scientific method.
(a) Observe
(b) Question
(c) Hypothesize
(d) Predict
(e) Test
(f) conclude
3. What is tested by an experiment?
4. Within the framework of an experiment, describe the
(a) independent variable:
(b) dependent variable:
What you change in the experiment.
What you measure or observe.
(c) controlled variables: Factors kept the same to ensure a fair test.
5. Is the statement, “In most biology experiments, the relationship between the
independent and the dependent variable can best be described as cause and effect,”
true or false? Explain your answer.
True.Changing the independent variable usually affects the dependent variable,
showing cause and effect. For example, more light can help plants grow better.
6. Is a scientific principle taken as absolutely true? Explain your answer.
No, a scientific principle is not considered true. It is based on solid evidence, but I
understand that throughout experiments many things can change, and therefore in
science we must be open to those changes during the process.
7. What is the function of research articles in scientific journals?
Research articles share new ideas and findings so others can learn and improve on
them.
8. Define the design and structure of a bioassay.
The typical bioassay involves a stimulus (for example, a vitamin, a drug, a fungicide),
applied to a subject (for example, an animal, a piece of animal tissue, a plant, a bacterial culture). The intensity of the stimulus is varied by using the various “doses” by the
experimenter.
9. Describe how you have applied or could apply the scientific method to an everyday
problem.
I could use the scientific method to find out why my phone battery is draining quickly:
1. Note: The battery runs out faster than usual.
2. Question: Why does this happen?
3. Hypothesis: It may be because there are too many applications open
4. Experiment: Close unused apps and watch the battery
5. Data: Check if the battery lasts longer after closing applications.
6. Conclusion: If it lasts longer, my hypothesis was correct; If not, I will look for other
reasons.
This helps me find the problem step by step.
10. Do you think the differences between religious and scientific knowledge make it
difficult to debate points of perceived conflict between them? Explain your answer. Yes,
the differences between religious and scientific knowledge can create controversy.
because each one uses different ways of understanding the world and how things work,
so each person has a different opinion whether they believe in religion or if they believe
in science.