Exercise 6:
Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Training aims
Trainees
– are familiarised with the influence of connectors on the speed of travel of a
cylinder
– are familiarised with the influence of tubing length and tubing diameter on the
speed of travel of a cylinder
Problem definition
The number of machine cycles should generally be very high. This is only possible
with fast drives. In order for a drive to be fast, it needs to be correctly configured. In
many cases, flow control valves are installed in addition to be able to adjust the
operating behaviour of cylinders. However, time and again, these flow control valves
are fully open because the machine is operating too slowly. Consequently, the
required number of cycles is not achieved.
Examine which factors and components, apart from the cylinder, mass and operating
pressure, influence the speed of a pneumatic drive.
Positional sketch
Packaging machine
© Festo Didactic 559880
A-33
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Work to be carried out
1. Assemble the cylinder housing.
2. Configure the necessary circuits.
3. Measure the influence of
– tubing diameter,
– tubing length,
– connectors,
– counterforce and
– supply pressure
on the speed of the piston.
4. Enter the measured values in the tables.
5. Create a diagram for the comparison of measured values.
 Do not operate the linear drive without assembling the protective housing!
 Assembly and setting work must be carried in the pressureless state.
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© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Assembly of the protective housing
Sheet 1 of 2
– Assemble the protective housing!
Step 1: Assembly of plexiglass panel; 2x socket head screw M4x10, 2x washer B 4.3
Step 2: Plexiglass panel assembled
© Festo Didactic 559880
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Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Assembly of the protective housing
Sheet 2 of 2
Step 3: Assembly of metal backing plate; 4x socket head screw M4x10, 8x washer B 4.3, 4x hexagonal nut M4
Step 4: Assembly completed
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© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Adjusting the proximity sensors
Sheet 1 of 1
The average speed of the piston is to be measured over a travel distance of 100 m.
– Mount the two electronic proximity sensors at a position of 35 mm and
135 mm, in relation to the total stroke of 170 mm.
– Does the end position cushioning influence the measurement of speed?
The necessary data can be found in the data sheet of the cylinder.
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© Festo Didactic 559880
A-37
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6:Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Assembly of the pneumatic and electrical circuits
Sheet 1 of 1
1A1
1B1
1A1
1B2
1B1
1B2
1Z3
1Z2
1V1
4
2
5
3
1V1
1M1
1M2
1Z1
1
1V2
4
2
5
3
1M1
2
1M2
1Z1
1
1 3
Pneumatic circuit diagram; left: without counterforce, right: with adjustable counter force
1
+24 V
1B1
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
1B2
13
S1
13
Function
generator
S1-STOP
14
K2
11
A1
K2
1M1
A2
0V
12
11
14
A1
K1
14
K1
S2
14
Function
generator
S1-START
12
1M2
A2
11
12
14 .7
11
12
14 .8
21
22
24
21
22
24
31
32
34
31
32
34
41
42
44
41
42
44
Electrical circuit diagram
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© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Equipment list
Sheet 1 of 1
Apart from the circuit diagram, comprehensive project documentation also includes
an equipment list.
© Festo Didactic 559880
Quantity
Description
1
Linear drive
2
Proximity sensor, electronic
1
5/2-way double solenoid valve
1
Air reservoir
2
Pressure gauge
1
Pressure regulator with pressure gauge
1
Signal input, electrical
1
Relay, 3-off
1
Function generator
1
Distributor block
1
On-off valve with filter regulator
1
Compressed air supply
1
Power supply unit 24V DC
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Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Calculation of the counterforce
Sheet 1 of 1
– Enter the values for the cylinder from the data sheet.
Stroke length:
Piston diameter:
Theoretical force at 6 bar (600 kPa):
............ mm
............ mm
............ N
Effective force at 6 bar (600 kPa):
............ N
The counterforce for the measurements should be approx. 45% of the effective
force.
Selected counterforce:
............ N
– Calculate the pressure required to generate the selected counterforce.
p
F
 ............................................................ bar (kPa)
A
– What is the function of the air reservoir 1Z2 within the assembled circuit?
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© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Connection of the function generator
Sheet 1 of 1
The function generator is used to measure the speed of travel of the cylinder.
Proceed as follows for the connection:
1. Connect the function generator to the supply voltage.
2. Connect the signal output of the proximity sensor 1B1 to the input S1-START.
3. Connect the signal output of the proximity sensor 1B2 to the input S1-STOP.
4. Set the selector switch to t1.
– Make a note of the observed measured value in the respective tables.
– When the cylinder is back in the initial position, delete the measured values by
actuating the RESET pushbutton.
Note
Pressure sensors with display may be used optionally instead of pressure
gauges 1Z1 and 1Z3.
© Festo Didactic 559880
A-41
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 1 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (...... bar)
 Connector QSM-4
 Tubing PUN 4x0.75
 Tubing length 0.5 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
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© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 2 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (........bar)
 Connector QSM-4
 Tubing PUN 4x0.75
 Tubing length 1 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
© Festo Didactic 559880
A-43
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 3 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (....... bar)
 Connector QSM-4
 Tubing PUN 4x0.75
 Tubing length 2 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterpressure
Without
counterpressure
With
counterpressure
With
counterpressure
4
6
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© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 4 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (......... bar)
 Connector QSML-4H on the valve and on the cylinder (4x)
 Tubing PUN 4x0.75
 Tubing length 0.5 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
© Festo Didactic 559880
A-45
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 5 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (.......... bar)
 Connector QSML-4H on the valve and on the cylinder (4x)
 Tubing PUN 4x0.75
 Tubing length 1 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
A-46
© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 6 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (.......... bar)
 Connector QSML-4H on the valve and on the cylinder (4x)
 Tubing PUN 4x0.75
 Tubing length 2 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
© Festo Didactic 559880
A-47
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 7 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (..........bar)
 Connector QSM-4H-3 on the valve and on the cylinder (4x)
 Tubing PUN 3x0.5
 Tubing length 0.5 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
A-48
© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 8 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (.......... bar)
 Connectors QSM-4H-3 on the valve and on the cylinder (4x)
 Tubing PUN 3x0.5
 Tubing length 1 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
© Festo Didactic 559880
A-49
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 9 of 11
Measurements
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Counterforce ............ N (..........bar)
 Connector QSM-4H-3 on the valve and on the cylinder (4x)
 Tubing PUN 3x0.5
 Tubing length 2 m
– Carry out 3 measurements each. Establish the mean value of your measured
values to calculate the speed.
Operating pressure
(bar)
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated speed (m/s)
Without
counterforce
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
With counterforce
4
6
A-50
© Festo Didactic 559880
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 10 of 11
Overview table
 Cylinder DGC-18-170-GF-PPV-A
 Operating pressure 6 bar (600 kPa)
Connector
Tubing
QSM-4
PUN 4x0.75, 0.5 m
QSM-4
PUN 4x0.75, 1 m
QSM-4
PUN 4x0.75, 2 m
QSML-4H
PUN 4x0.75, 0,5 m
QSML-4H
PUN 4x0.75, 1 m
QSML-4H
PUN 4x0.75, 2 m
QSM-4H-3
PUN 3x0.5, 0.5 m
QSM-4H-3
PUN 3x0.5, 1 m
QSM-4H-3
PUN 3x0.5, 2 m
© Festo Didactic 559880
Travel time for distance of 100 mm (s)
Calculated distance (m/s)
Without
Without
counterforce
With counterforce
counterforce
With counterforce
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Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives (practical exercise)
Exercise 6: Analysing the speed of travel of linear drives
Name:
Date :
Measurement of the speed of travel
Sheet 11 of 11
Overview diagram
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
Speed (m/s)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.5 m
1.0 m
2.0 m
0.5 m
1.0 m
2.0 m
0.5 m
1.0 m
2.0 m
Tubing length (m)
Tubing
Connector
A-52
PUN 4x0.75
QSM-4
PUN 4x0.75
QSML-4H
PUN 3x0.5
QSM-4H-3
© Festo Didactic 559880