Trees
Thi s Photo by Unknown Author i s l icensed under CC BY-SA
Thi s Photo by Unknown Author i s l icensed under CC BY-SA
Betula papyfera
Thi s Photo by Unknown Author i s l icensed under CC BY-SA
Betula papyfera
Common name: Birch
Family:
Zone:
H X W:
Soil / pH / Moisture:
Growth Rate:
Leaves:
Flowers / Seeds:
Interest / Use:
Maintenance:
Exposure:
Elaneagnus
angustifolia
Common name: Russian Olive tree
Family:Elaeagnaceae
Zone:3-7
H X W:12x20
Exposure:full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: dry to medium well drained soil. Can tolerate drought
and clay soil
Growth Rate: vigorous fast growing
Leaves: silvery foliage
Flowers / Seeds: showy, fragrant. Fruit attracts wildlife
Interest / Use: hedges, attracts birds
Maintenance: low, canker and verticillum wilt, fungal spot and rust
Gleditsia tricanthos
“Sunburst”
Common name: Sunburst honeylocust
Family: Fabaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 8-12 h 4-8 w
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: moist but well drained, tolerant to salty soil, sand or
clay
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: leaves golden on new growth and then turn green
Flowers / Seeds: greenish and yellow
Interest / Use: ability to withstand strong sun, no thorns nor bean pods
Maintenance: bark is tender and prone to injury, susceptible to spider
mites, gall midges and webworms, 3 d's
Juglans nigra
Common name: Black
Family: Juglandaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 21-30 and 21-30
Exposure: sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: moist well-drained
Growth Rate: slow growing
Leaves: large, odd pinnate, compound leaves, 15-21 lanceolate
Flowers / Seeds: greenish yellow flowers, catkins and female flowers give
edible nuts
Interest / Use: pies, cake, cookies and ice cream. Juglone is toxic to other
plants. Toxic to dogs and horses. Takes 20 years before first nut production
Larix spp
Common name: Larch
Family: Pinaceae
Zone: 2-9
H X W: 65-150
Exposure: sun- partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: moist and rich with organic matter
Growth Rate: moderate fast
Leaves: needles
Flowers / Seeds: immature cones attracts wildlife. Female cones are
purplish and males orangish
Interest / Use: conifer but needles turn yellow and fall
Maintenance:
Shrubs
Microbiota decussata
Common name: Russian arbor-vitae
Family:Cupressaceae
Zone: 3-7
H X W: 1 x 3-5
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: average, moist well drained soil. pH 5-8
Growth Rate: slow
Leaves: evergreen
Flowers / Seeds: fruits are tiny berry-like
Interest / Use: ground cover. Tolerates deer and erosion
Maintenance: poorly drained soil can lead to root rot, low maintenance
Cornus
alba
Common name: Tatarian dogwood
Family: Cornaceae
Zone: 3-7
H X W: 8-10
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: rich and moist soil
Growth Rate: rapid growing
Leaves: ovate to elliptical brigh yellow or greenish yellow depending on
the sun
Flowers / Seeds: creamy white flowers
Interest / Use: leaf spot and leaf blight
Maintenance:
Cotinus coggigria
Common name: Smoketree
Family: Anacardiaceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 10-15 and 15-20
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: average medium moisture, well drained soil
Growth Rate: 36 inches or growth in a season
Leaves: colorful
Flowers / Seeds: showy purple puffs or green
Interest / Use: hedge or accent tree
Maintenance: can have leaf spot, rust or verticillium wilt
Morus alba pendula
Common name: weeping white mulberry
Family: Moraceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 6-10 and 8-12
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: hummus and rich soil
Growth Rate: fast-growing
Leaves: heart shaped glossy leaves turn yellow in fall
Flowers / Seeds: diocious plant, white fruit turn dark red in fall
Interest / Use: native to Asia, top grafted
Maintenance: shelter from cold dry winds, low maintenace
Physocarpus opulifolius
Family: rosaceae
Common name: ninebark
Zone: 2
Exposure: full sun or partial shade
H X W: 5-8 and 4-6
Soil / pH / Moisture: average and slightly acidic
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: maple like foliage. Many different varieties
Flowers / Seeds: creamy white flowers, dense round clusters, red fruit.
Interest / Use: Attracts birds and bees, showy
Maintenance: does not prefer hot and humid summer climate, may be cut back severely in the
winter
Potentilla fruticosa
Common name: cinqfoil
Family: Roseaceae
Zone: 3
H X W: 2-4 and 3-5
Exposure: full sun to partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: evenly moist well drained soil, Tolerates poor soil
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: small, pinnate blue green
Interest / Use: informal hedges, sunny borders
Flowers / Seeds: informal hedges, sunny borders
Maintenance: tolerates drought and salt, light pruning after flowering
Prunus x cistena
Common name: purple leaf sound cherry
Family: Rosaceae
Zone: 2
H X W: 6-10 and 5-8
Exposure: full sun to partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: hummus rich, loamy and well drained
Growth Rate: slow
Leaves: color intensifies during growing season, reddish purple
Flowers / Seeds: small fragrant flowers
Interest / Use: fragrant, showy, hedges, screens
Maintenance: easy
Prunus x kerrasis
Common name: Canadian dwarf sour cherries
Family: Rosaceae
Zone: 2
H X W: 7 x 6
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: sandy loam ph 6-7
Growth Rate: 5 years for full growth
Leaves: almond shaped, serrated
Flowers / Seeds:
Interest / Use:
Maintenance: Japanese beetle and parasitic mushroom
Ribes alpinum
Common name: Alpine currant
Family: Grossulariaceae
Zone: 2
H X W: 5-7
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: moist well draining soil
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves:
Flowers / Seeds:
Interest / Use: attracts birds and butterfly
Maintenance: low
Rosa spp
Common name: rose
Family: rosaceae
Zone: 3-5
H X W: 6 to 8
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture:
Growth Rate:
Leaves: almond shaped serrated leaves
Flowers / Seeds: Many different varieties and colors
Interest / Use: used for hedges, attracts wildlife
Maintenance: black spot, powdery mildew, requires careful pruning and
fertilizer
Salix integra ‘Flamingo”
Common name: flamingo willow
Family: Salicaceae
Zone: 4
H X W: 6-7
Exposure: full sun to partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: well draining moist soil
Growth Rate: very fast
Leaves: compact lance like creamy white and green, new growth is pinkish
Flowers / Seeds: colorful foliage
Interest / Use: prune as needed
Maintenance:
Sambucus canadensis
Common name: Elderberry
Family: Adoxaceae
Zone: 3
H X W: 8 to 8
Exposure: full sun to partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: well draining rich soil
Growth Rate: very fast
Leaves:
Flowers / Seeds: white cluster of flowers that then give edible blue fruit
Interest / Use: medicinal and edible
Maintenance: pruning frequently and fertilize
Sorbaria sorbifolia
Common name: false spirea
Family: rosaceae
Zone: 2-8
H X W: 5 to 8
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: good drainage, moisture and organic matter
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: compound alternate leaves lanceolate shape
Flowers / Seeds: panicle of white flowers
Interest / Use: barrier, mass planting
Maintenance: medium
Spirea japonica
Common name: Japanese spirea
Family: rosaceae
Zone: 3-8
H X W: 2 to 4
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: full sun to part shade
Growth Rate: good drainage, moist with organic matter
Leaves: gold yellow green, simple alternate ovate
Flowers / Seeds: pink clusters
Interest / Use: attracts pollinators, hedges or borders
Maintenance: prune 1/3, low maintenance
Stephanandra incisa
‘Crispa’
Common name: cutleaf stephanandra
Family: rosaceae
Zone: 3-7
H X W: 4-7 and 4-7
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: good drainage, moist soil. Adaptable to moist soils
Growth Rate: rapid
Leaves: brown copper and green. Simple, alternate ovate
Flowers / Seeds: gold and yellow. Panicle flowers cup shapped
Interest / Use:
Maintenance:
Weigelia florida
Common name: weigelia florida
Family: caprifoliaceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 6-10 and 9-12
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: good drainage, adaptable to most soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: many different colored leaves depending on the variety
Flowers and seeds : many different colrs
Interest / Use:
attracts hummingbirds and butterflies
Maintenance: low
Hydrangea petiolaris
Common name: climbing hydrangea
Family: hydrangaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 30-40 and 5-6
Exposure: full sun to part shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: well drained moist soils
Growth Rate: very slow
Leaves: ovate shape
Flowers / Seeds: heart shaped danrk green foliage with panicles of white flowers. Do not
prune
Interest / Use: grown on walls. trellises
Maintenance: Low
Lonicera x brownii
Common name: honeysuckle, scarlet trumpet
Family: caprifoliacea
Zone: 3-9
H X W: 8-12 and 5-6
Exposure: full sun part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: caly and high organic matter, good drainage
Growth Rate: rapid
Leaves: waxy bluish green leaves
Flowers / Seeds: tubular flowers in clusters of red and orange
Interest / Use: attracts bees, beautiful fragrant flowers
Maintenance: easy
Perennials
Achillea millefolium
Common name: yarrow
Family: asteraceae
Zone: 3-8
H X W: 1-2 feet
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: tolerates dry soils, well drained
Growth Rate: grows fast and rhizomes can spread
Leaves: deeply dissected, fern like
Flowers / Seeds: tiny long lasting flowers in corymbs
Interest / Use: ornamental use, used medicinally to stop bleeding and
heart wounds. Attracts bees and butterflies
Maintenance: easy but can have powdery mildew
Aegopodium podograria
‘variegata’
Common name: bishop’s weed/ goutweed
Family: apiaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 1-2
Exposure: full sun to part shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: any soil type, tolerates dry soil
Growth Rate: very fast, invasive
Leaves: light green and cream colored, remove secions that are pure green
Flowers / Seeds: small white flowers
Interest / Use: use to naturalize and as a ground cover
Maintenance:
Ajuga reptans
Common name: carpet bugle, bugleweed
Family: lamiaceae
Zone: 3-10
H X W: 1-2
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: tolerates dry soil
Growth Rate: spreads rapidly
Leaves: colorful shiny dense foiliage
Flowers / Seeds: spikes of blue flowers. Can tolerate light foot traffic
Interest / Use: use to naturalize andas a ground cover
Maintenance: low
Aquiligia vulgaris
Common name: columbine
Family: ranunculaceae
Zone: 3-8
H X W: 1-3 and 1-2
Exposure: full sun to part shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: all soils except clay
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: medium green with lobed leaflets
Flowers / Seeds: blue violet white or pink, spurred segmented flowers
Interest / Use: attracts hummingbirds, self seeds, tolerates rabbit and dder
Maintenance: susceptible to leaf miners and aphids. Remove stems after bloom
Astilbe spp.
Common name: astilbe
Family: saxifrage
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 2-3 feet
Exposure: partial shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: slightly acidic, important moist soil. Does not tolerate
dry soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: deeply segmented deep green
Flowers / Seeds: plummes of pink, red, or white
Interest / Use: attracts butterflies, perfect shade plant
Maintenance: low but important that it does not lack water
Athyrium niponicum
Common name: Japanese painted fern
Family: Athriaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 1-2
Exposure: shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: moist rich soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: segmented metallic leaves with pink hues
Flowers / Seeds: no flowers
Interest / Use: tolerates shade, rabbit resistant, beautiful accent plant
Maintenance: low
Baptista australis
Common name: blue false indigo
Family: fabaceae
Zone: 3-8
H X W: 1 to 2
Exposure: shade to part
sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: average well drained soil
Growth Rate: rapid
Leaves: clover like bluish leaves
Flowers / Seeds: blue flowers from may to june
Interest / Use: attracts butterflies, tolerates dry soil
Maintenance: cut back 50% after blooming
Delphinium spp
Common name: delphinium
Family: ranunculaceae
Zone: 3 to 7
H X W: 3-5 and 2-3
Exposure: sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: requires rich soil, well drained. Prefers alkaline soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: segmented lobed leaves
Flowers / Seeds: spikes of colourful bluish (other colors too)
Interest / Use: accent plants that attract hummingbirds
Maintenance: easy but requires stalking, deer resistant
Dianthus spp
Common name: sweet william
Family: caryophyllaceae
Zone: 3-9
H X W: 1-2 and 1-2
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: tolerates dry soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: gray greenish narrow leaves
Flowers / Seeds: blooms can be red, pink or white
Interest / Use: attracts hummingbirds and butterflies
Maintenance: easy
Festuca
glauca
Common name: blue oats
Family: poaceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 2-3 and 1-2
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: can tolerate dry soils
Growth Rate: slow
Leaves: grass elongated leaves with blue tinge
Flowers / Seeds: insignificant
Interest / Use: ornamental and mass plantings
Maintenance: easy but important to fertilize
Geranium spp
Common name: cranesbill
Family: geraniceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 1-2 and 1-3
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture:moist and well drained. Does not do well in dry soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: broadly lobed to finely cut. Colorful in autumn
Flowers / Seeds: showy white pink and purple or blue
Interest / Use: deer and rabbit tolerant, attracts butterflies
Maintenance: low
Hemerocallis spp
Common name: daylilies
Family: asphodelaceae
Zone: 3-9
H X W: 1-4 and 1-2
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: all ph’s, moist well drained soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: individual, long slender leaves
Flowers / Seeds: many varieties
Interest / Use: drought tolerant, attracts bees, butterflies and
hummingbirds
Heuchera spp
Common name: Heuchera
Family: Saxifrage
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 2 x 1
Exposure: shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: rich well draining soil. Requires moisture
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: colorful various broad leaves, ruffled, wavy, smooth
Flowers / Seeds: insignificant
Interest / Use: beautiful colors. Important to “replant” every year
Maintenance:
Iris siberica
Family: iridaceae
Common name: Iris
Zone: 3-8
Exposure: full sun part
H X W: 4 x 2
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: clay, loam, sand. Acidic to neutral
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: grass like, can be variegated
Flowers / Seeds: summer interest, many colors
Interest / Use: requires staking and plant above soil level
Maintenance: easy
Leucanthemum spp
Common name: daisy
Family: Asteraceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 3 x 2
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: moist and well draining. Can tolerate poor soils
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: rosettes of dark green leaves
Flowers / Seeds: large single flowers, white, yellow or cream
Interest / Use: easy summer flower. Cottage gardens
Maintenance: easy
Ligularia dentata Othello
Common name: leopard plant
Family: astereaceae
Zone: 3-8
H X W: 3 x 3
Exposure: part shade
Soil / pH / Moisture:can tolerate poor drainage
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: large leathery round dark foliage
Flowers / Seeds: yellow aster-like flowers
Interest / Use: attractive shade plant
Maintenance: easy
L. Stenocephala ‘The
Rocket’
Common name: ligularia
Family: asteraceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W:3 x 3
Exposure: part shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: requires moisture
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: doubly serrated cordate shape dark brown
Flowers / Seeds: spike large yellow flowers
Interest / Use: great shade plant
Maintenance: easy
Lilium orientalis
Casablanca lily, Sorbonne lily
Family: liliaceae
Common name: lily
Zone: 4-9
Exposure: full sun
H X W: 2 x 5
Soil / pH / Moisture: well drained rich soil
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: lance shaped, 2-3” close the a central stem
Flowers / Seeds: trumpet shape, variety of colors and sometimes scented
Interest / Use: beautiful summer interest perennial bulbs
Maintenance: very susceptible to the Lily beetle
Lupinus x
hybrida
Common name: lupins
Family:fabaceae
Zone: 4
H X W:3x 2
Exposure: full sun to partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: well drained, requires even moisture
Growth Rate: medium, blooms after 2 years
Leaves: palmate, 7-10 leaflets
Flowers / Seeds: spike formation, many colors but blue is dominant
Interest / Use: toxic
Maintenance: easy, naturalises
Lysimachia clethroides
Common name: Gooseneck lysimachia
Family:primulaceae
Zone: 3-8
H X W: 3-9
Exposure: full sun, part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: moisture required and rich soil
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: lancelate
Flowers / Seeds: cluster of compact white flowers
Interest / Use: interesting shape
Maintenance: easy but can be invasive
L. Nummularia ‘Aurea’
Common name: creeping jenny
Family: primulaceae
Zone: 3-9
H X W: 3-6
Exposure: full sun to partial
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: well drained but requires moisture
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: lime heart shaped small leaves
Flowers / Seeds: single yellow cup shaped flowers
Interest / Use: ground cover, naturalises
Maintenance: very easy
L.punctata
Common name: yellow loosestrife
Family: primulacea
Zone: 4-8
H X W:
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: needs moisture but can tolerate poor soils
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: light green serrated leaves
Flowers / Seeds: cup shaped yellow flowers in a spike
Interest / Use: slopes, naturalising an area
Maintenance: can spread, easy
Monarda didyma
Common name: bee balm
Family: lamiaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 2 x 4
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: well drained, tolerates poor soils
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: deep green
Flowers / Seeds: bright flowers with minty fragrance
Interest / Use: attracts hummingbirds
Maintenance: can spread
Nepeta racemose ‘Walker’s low’
Common name: catmint
Family: lamiaceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 2 x 3
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: drought and poor soil tolerant
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: gray green foliage
Flowers / Seeds: pale lilac to deep violet
Interest / Use: aromatic
Maintenance: easy, can spread
Pachysandra terminalis
Common name: japanese spurge
Family:
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 3 x 8
Exposure: part sun, shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: medium moisture
Growth Rate: slow
Leaves: dense carpet or rich dark foliage
Flowers / Seeds: tiny white spike flowers
Interest / Use: banks, slopes, erosion control
Maintenance: easy
Perovskia atriplifolia
Common name: Russian sage
Family: lamiaceae
Zone: 5-9
H X W: 2 x 3
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: tolerates dry soils, needs good drainage
Growth Rate: average
Leaves: deeply segmented silver foliage
Flowers / Seeds: showy lavender color spike
Interest / Use: rabbit and deer resistant, sage smell
Maintenance: staking needed, easy
Phlox paniculata
Common name: garden phlox
Family:polemonaceae
Zone:4-8
H X W:3 x 3
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: needs moisture, well drained soil
Growth Rate: medium
Leaves: upright perennial grows in a clump
Flowers / Seeds: showy fragrant cluster of flowers
Interest / Use: birds, hummingbirds, cottage gardens
Maintenance: easy but needs staking and sensitive to mildew
Sedum spurium
Common name: stonecrop
Family: crassulaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 0.25 x 2
Exposure: full sun
Soil / pH / Moisture: tolerates dry poor soils
Growth Rate: slow
Leaves: low growing thick leaves succulent
Flowers / Seeds: pink red tiny flowers
Interest / Use: rock gardens, xeroscaping
Maintenance: easy
Sedum reflexum
Common name: sedum, stonecrop
Family: crassulaceae
Zone: 4-9
H X W: 6” x 2
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: tolerates sandy poor soils
Growth Rate: slow
Leaves: blue green needle like leaves
Flowers / Seeds: clusters of bright yellow star shaped flowers
Interest / Use: xeroscaping, stone gardens
Maintenance: easy
Stachys byzantine
Common name: lamb’s ears
Family: lamiaceae
Zone: 4-8
H X W: 6” x 2
Exposure: full sun to part
shade
Soil / pH / Moisture: dry to medium moisture soils
Growth Rate: fast
Leaves: silver green needle soft velvety leaves
Flowers / Seeds: spikes of sliver blue flowers
Interest / Use: ground cover, naturalising
Maintenance: easy, remove flowers, can spread