Truesdale 1 Module 06 Worksheet- Development Assignment Erikson’s Theory Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame or Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Milestone: They will form a sense of initiative instead of guilt Expected norm: Children will problem-solve and enjoy the outcome Milestone: Children will learn how to do things and then ask for approval. This is done to ensure what they are doing is right and acceptable. Expected norm: The child will learn how to do things well. Milestone: They will be able to form a sense of identity. Expected norm: They will learn who they are and what kind of person they will be. After watching the child, he is in the Initiative vs Guilt Stage. He is not very independent when it comes to school or learning or speech however, he does the right things to not get in trouble and plays with his age-appropriate toys and likes to color Milestone: Learning love and know who to trust Expected norm: The child will learn to love and be loved Milestone: They will form a sense of self control versus doubt or shame. Expected norm: The child will learn to be independent and make decisions on their own Truesdale 2 Cognitive Development Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Sensorimotor Stage Transitional stage Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Formal Operational The child will learn by touching, looking, and sucking. The child will have a basic understanding of cause and effect. Trial and error stage of learning new objects and things This stage a child looks at something and is only able to focus on one part of the whole. If they are looking at a ball for the color, they will not notice that it is round. The child is able to demonstrate conversation as well as a mature understanding of cause and effect. The child will be able to demonstrate abstract thinking which includes logic, comparison, and classification. He is in between the transition stage and the substage though his age should put him in the concrete age him being nonverbal autistic he learns with trial and error with learning his counting we have flashcards and ask him to pick the number 1 and he picks up a few numbers prior until he gets to 1 and gets excited but he also knows how to pick out his red snake vs his blue snake toy. Truesdale 3 Language Development Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Babbling, takes turns vocalizing with others, recognizes the name of a couple objects. Short words, frequently the word no even if they do not understand what is being asked This will depend on how interactive the family is on expanding their vocabulary. This is the age that they typically ask a lot of questions. School aged kids can talk in full sentences with simple meaning. They might start to use swear words and think it is funny. They use complex sentences and are able to form a full complex conversation. This is the age where they learn figurative language. He doesn’t speak all the time very rarely does he say thing and when he does its words like thanks, food, okay, and no but he knows how to use sign language to communicate what he wants but he also understands everything you tell him so I want to place him in school ageappropriate language development on the fact he can sign over 500 things to communicate. Truesdale 4 Psych-Social Development Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Milestone: Form a sense of trust versus mistrust. Expected norm: The child will learn to love and be loved Milestone: They will form a sense of self control versus doubt or shame. Expected norm: The child will learn to be independent and make decisions on their own. Milestone: They will form a sense of initiative instead of guilt. Expected norm: The child will learn how to do things that doing things is desirable. Milestone: They will form a sense of industry versus inferiority. Expected norm: The child will learn how to do things well Milestone: They will be able to form a sense of identity. Expected norm: They will learn who they are and what kind of person they will be. Despite Autism difficulties, the child is conscientious with everything he did. Truesdale 5 Moral Development Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Not applicable. Level 1: Preconventional Level Level 1: Preconventional Level Level 2: Conventional Level Level 3: Postconventional Level This level is prominent from ages 4 – 10 years. This stage is where the child will do what is right because they were told to, and they want to avoid punishment. They will also do something for another person if that person has done something for them. This level is prominent from ages 4 – 10 years. This stage is where the child will do what is right because they were told to, and they want to avoid punishment. They will also do something for another person if that person has done something for them. This level is prominent from ages 10–13 years. This is when the child will follow rules because of a need to be a good person, as well as to keep the system working. This level can occur from the adolescent years and beyond. This is when a child or individual will follow standards of society with the good of all people in mind, as well as internalized standards He is a good kid and understands right and wrong. He knows not to take things out of people’s hands, as well as say “please” in sign language when asking for something. Also, he knows if he does something wrong the punishment is sitting in the corner where he stays until he is told he can move. I would say he’s school age-appropriate for moral development. Truesdale 6 Discipline Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Not-applicable Rules need to be enforced but it needs to be corrected and taught instead of only by punishment. Encouraging the child to express their voices and opinions. A time out is a good form of punishment and they should last for however old the child is. Set limits and clear expectations. Teaching them what they did wrong and what is the correct behavior. Discipling children is important for their success and will guide them towards appropriate behavior but punishing them will not teach them anything. He has set limits for what he is and is not allowed to do. He listens very well for the most part, but every once in a while, when he acts up, he is punished and he understands he apologizes and sits in the corner. Truesdale 7 Physical Development Most infants will double their birth weight within the first 6 months and by the time they are 1, it will be tripled from what their birth weight was. Children gain about 5lbs a year and become leaner. They are less chubby and start to lose the baby look. Their appetite will decrease but will still consume nutritional needs. Preschool children are still gaining weight, just not as much as a toddler.They will typically have all their “baby” teeth by this age. School-aged children will gain about 3lbs and will continue to grow in height. This is when they will start puberty and lose their baby teeth. This is age where there is growth in height. They also may begin growth of wisdom teeth. He is 9 (almost 10), and he very small for his age he eats plenty and is very active normal boy in that manner however he doesn’t gain weight fast or at all for that matter no matter what he eats he’s been to the doctors many times for this reason and no one can figure out why besides his metabolism is just high he’s between preschool and school age size however his size and strength are not comparable. He lifts his mothers purse every time she asks and its heavy. Truesdale 8 Injury Prevention Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Choose caretakers carefully and make sure the takers know your expectations. Car seat safety, no playing outside unsupervised, be cautious with small toys, wear lifejackets, and ensure there is gates where there are stairs. Stay nearby home, watch what items they may be exploring such as kitchen knives or weedwhackers. Emphasize the importance of seat belts and making sure children are in booster seats for as long as recommended. Teach them stranger danger and importance of wearing a helmet. Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of unintentional deaths. Do not use your phone while driving, no drinking and driving and ensuring all passengers are wearing a seatbelt. He uses all the safety techniques he’s been taught he wears his seatbelt and puts in on right by himself wears a helmet when riding his bike (with training wheels). He doesn’t go up to strangers and is overall a very safe kid. He is on target with school-age children. Truesdale 9 Nutritional needs Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Breast milk or formula. High calorie intake is needed for the growth of an infant. Start with small amounts of food and add more as the child asks. Allowing them to feed themselves will improve how much food they eat. They love snacks and would rather eat snacks then meals but make sure the snacks have limited sugar. Sugar dulls the appetite and this can prevent obesity. Healthy breakfast. This is ok, as long as they are high protein foods as their snacks. After school, fruits and veggies are ok. This is the age of rapid growth spurts which would mean they are consistently hungry. They like to eat empty calories and sweets. Encouraging them to have carbs, proteins, vitamins and minerals. He is snackeating machine. His parents have a garden they grow themselves. He eats all his meals and snacks all day. He rarely eats anything unhealthy. Occasionally,he will have fruit snacks, juice, and the occasional McDonalds. Truesdale 10 Dental Care Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Use a soft washcloth to wash over the gums. This can eliminate bacteria. They can get dental carries from the snacks, so encouraging fruit or protein snacks. Independent tooth brushing once a day is good enough if it is a good one. The electric ones are good for pre school age but parents should still check to make sure they did a good job cleaning all teeth surfaces. If able, mouth wash should be taught as well but monitored for swallowing it. This is the age where they should visit the dentist twice a year for a checkup and cleaning. They might still need to be reminded to be brushing their teeth everyday. Their molars will be coming in. The 3rd molars are the wisdom teeth and these can cause pain which would mean they need them to be taken out. Still remind to brush, floss and use mouthwash. He will brush his own teeth when directed. His parents are good at telling him to do it in the morning after breakfast, and after dinner. He has no cavities, and his teeth are shiny white. Truesdale 11 Sleep Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Infants need 12 hours of sleep at night and frequent naps throughout the day. Educate parents on the importance of allowing their child to sleep in their own space instead of in bed with them. They can awake easily or can cause infant suffocation. Toddlers will sleep 12 hours at night with a nap or two during the day. This will decrease to one nap a day, and sleeping 8 hours per night. This age group will refuse naps no matter how tired they are so allowing them to nap on the couch or chair will be beneficial. A night light might also help this age group sleep better. This age group will start with 10-12 hours of sleep then go down to 8-10 as they get older. About 8 hours of sleep is recommended for everyone. This will adjust to the person and what they feel is a good amount to be successful during the day. He gets about 10 hours of sleep every night. He typically goes to bed around 9pm and awakes around 7am. He likes to look at his picture book before bed. Truesdale 12 Infancy Toddler Pre School School Age Adolescent Observation Data for: Male, Age 9, nonverbal Autistic. Activity and Play types - Enjoy watching the face of their primary caregiver - Enjoy bright colors - Spends time looking at hands - Handles rattles well - Enjoys manipulation and toys of different texture -Plays games like peek-a-boo - Can stack two blocks - Explores the sense of permanence by dropping something to have an adult recover - Begins parallel play - Plays “house” and imitates parents - Play is active (roughhousing) - Very imaginative - Able to take turns - Pretending is a major activity at this age - Children of this age typically like games with numbers/letters - They enjoy drawing, painting, and craft projects - Children of this age start to enjoy participating in activities such as helping with gardening, various housework, and chores. - Recreational sports and competitive sports become more and more important, either individual or team. - Some teenagers may seek to find a job to make some money as well as another social outlet He plays constantly with his toys. He also likes playing at the park, and really enjoys new activities. He is not involved with organized sports, because he still has a difficult time with tasks and teamwork. He loves his trampoline and swimming. Vital Signs Including type of Pain assessment NIPS pain scale Baker- faces pain Faces pain scale Faces pain or Verbalize Numerical pain Scale Resp: 20-30 HR: 120-160 Resp: 20-30 HR: 95-100 Resp: 18-30 HR: 80-110 Resp:12-20 HR: 60-100 BP: 110/70 Resp:12-20 HR: 50-100 BP: 120/80 When in pain, he cries and exhibits signs that he is hurt. He will normally points to where the pain is located. Truesdale 13 References Hatfield, N. T., & Kincheloe, C. A. (2018) Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, (4th ed) China: Wolter Kluwe Silbert-Flagg, J., Pillitteri, A. (2017). Maternal and Child Health Nursing, 8th Edition. VitalSource Bookshelf version. Retrieved from vbk://9781496374578.
