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TE30
MPEG-2
Encoder
STATUS FAULT
POWER
MPEG–2 Encoder
T IERNAN
Communications
Copyright 1998 Tiernan Communications, Inc.
TE30 Operator Manual, Revision D, 03/31/98
TPN: 505–003710–0001
i
Contents
Chapter 1
TE30 Overview ....................................................................................1–1
Chapter 2
SCPC Functional Description ......................................................2–1
Chapter Overview ..................................................................................2–1
Capabilities ..............................................................................................2–2
Architecture .............................................................................................2–3
Theory of Operation ...............................................................................2–4
TTM–2000/RA MPEG–2 Single Program Transport
Multiplexer Output Module..................................................................2–8
External Interface ..................................................................................2–10
Chapter 3
SCPC System Issues .......................................................................3–1
Chapter Overview ..................................................................................3–1
Input Composite Video..........................................................................3–1
Input Analog Audio ...............................................................................3–2
User Data..................................................................................................3–2
Calculating Aggregate Transport Stream
Data Rate Requirements ........................................................................3–2
Bit Rate, Code Rate and Bandwidth...................................................3–11
Chapter 4
SCPC Installation, Operation and Verification .....................4–1
Chapter Overview ..................................................................................4–1
Carton Labeling and Identification ......................................................4–2
Carton and Contents ..............................................................................4–2
Product Labeling and Identification ....................................................4–4
TE30 Installation ....................................................................................4–5
External System Connections................................................................4–6
Power Up Verification............................................................................4–8
Configuration and Setup .......................................................................4–9
DVB Compliant Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)
Configuration Example........................................................................4–12
Quick TE30 Functional Checkout.......................................................4–14
Contents
ii
Chapter 5
SCPC Troubleshooting, Self–Test & Maintenance ........... 5–1
Chapter Overview.................................................................................. 5–1
Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 5–1
Self–Test Capabilities............................................................................ 5–5
Maintenance............................................................................................ 5–6
Field Software Upgrades ...................................................................... 5–6
Chapter 6
SCPC Control Front Panel Description ................................... 6–1
Overview ................................................................................................. 6–1
Control Front Panel Features ............................................................... 6–1
Control Front Panel Operations........................................................... 6–1
Chapter 7
SCPC Remote Control .................................................................... 7–1
Chapter Overview.................................................................................. 7–1
Remote Control Command Format..................................................... 7–2
Remote Fault Monitoring and Reporting ........................................... 7–6
Functional Command Listing ............................................................ 7–10
Chapter 8
SCPC External System Connections ....................................... 8–1
Chapter Overview.................................................................................. 8–1
Rear Panel Connectors .......................................................................... 8–2
Video Input Ports (J5/J6) ..................................................................... 8–4
Audio Input Ports (J3/J4)..................................................................... 8–5
Audio Input Cable Definitions............................................................. 8–6
Ethernet (J2) ............................................................................................ 8–7
RS–232 Remote Control Port (J1) ........................................................ 8–8
Fault Relay Port (J8) ............................................................................... 8–9
User Data Inputs (J20) ......................................................................... 8–10
Transport Stream Output (J22/J23) .................................................. 8–11
iii
Chapter 9
MCPC Configuration and Operation .........................................9–1
Chapter Overview ..................................................................................9–1
MCPC Functional Description..............................................................9–1
MCPC System Issues..............................................................................9–4
MCPC Setup and Operation .................................................................9–7
MCPC Functional Checkout..................................................................9–9
Redundant Operation ..........................................................................9–12
MCPC Control Front Panel Description............................................9–13
MUX........................................................................................................9–14
MCPC Remote Control ........................................................................9–16
MCPC External System Connections.................................................9–18
Chapter 10
Option Modules ................................................................................10–1
Chapter Overview ................................................................................10–1
TVD–1000 Video Input Filter .............................................................10–2
TTI–1000 DVB Teletext Input Module ..............................................10–3
TMOD–1000 Transport Modulator....................................................10–5
Chapter 11
Specifications ...................................................................................11–1
SCPC Specifications..............................................................................11–1
MCPC Specifications ............................................................................11–3
Appendix A
EIA–422/449 Overview/Cables ................................................. A–1
Introduction ........................................................................................... A–1
EIA–422/449 Overview........................................................................ A–1
Tiernan Connectors With EIA–422/449 Signals............................... A–4
Cables With EIA–422/449 Signals...................................................... A–6
References .............................................................................................. A–8
Appendix B
Software Updates via the Remote Control Port.................. B–1
Overview................................................................................................. B–1
Preparation for Software Download................................................... B–2
Download Procedure from a Personal Computer ............................ B–2
Appendix C
MPEG Structures ..............................................................................C–1
Overview.................................................................................................C–1
MPEG Packet Header............................................................................C–2
Contents
iv
Appendix D
Null Modem Adapter ....................................................................... D–1
Appendix Overview ............................................................................. D–1
Null Modem Adapter–Description.................................................... D–1
Appendix E
Analog Audio Measurements ...................................................... E–1
Introduction ............................................................................................ E–1
Characterizing and Measuring Audio Signals .................................. E–1
Measuring the Amplitude of a Single–Ended Sinusoidal Signal ...E–2
Measuring the Amplitude of a Balanced (Differential)
Sinusoidal Signal....................................................................................E–2
Voltage Amplitude Variation Due to Source and
Load Impedance..................................................................................... E–3
Introduction to Decibels........................................................................E–3
TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
1. Overview
Chapter 1. Overview
The Tiernan Communications, Inc. TE30 is a professional quality, realtime, integrated MPEG multimedia program compression system. It
accepts video, audio, data, and control information as inputs, performs
analog-to-digital conversion (if required), MPEG-2 compliant
video/audio compression, PES packet multiplexing and provides an
MPEG-2/DVB compliant transport stream output. For SCPC (Single
Channel Per Carrier) applications, the TE30 is normally configured with
the TTM-2000/RA output module. For MCPC (Multiple Channels Per
Carrier) applications, the TE30 is normally configured with the TTX2000/A output module. This output transport stream is suitable for
delivery by any form of digital data transmission equipment, including
satellite modems and microwave communications links.
The TE30 is packaged in a small 2U (3.5”) high 19” rack mount chassis.
The chassis includes space for input and output (I/O) modules, which
allow the unit to be customized for specific applications. Refer to
Chapter 10 for a complete description of all of the available I/O modules.
The TE30 contains an auto-ranging auto-sensing power supply, which is
ideal for both domestic and international operating sites. The TE30
supports both PAL and NTSC video format, which supports most
standard video world-wide. The control front panel and the remote
control interface allows for reconfiguration, and the non-volatile memory
insures that the configuration is retained during power outages or
transportation.
The flexible configuration parameters of the TE30 supports many
requirements that must be accommodated in normal field situations. For
example, the programmable range of compressed video output is 1 to 15
Mbps. The higher rates produce the best video quality, thus the highest
video rate can be selected to match the available transmission bandwidth.
The video input format can be either digital serial SMPTE 259M or
composite analog. Audio input can be analog or AES/EBU digital.
Refer to Chapter 8, SCPC External System Connections, for a
complete specification of the TE30 inputs and outputs.
Rev. C, 10/06/97
1-1
TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
1. Overview
For transmission of sensitive information, the TE30 supports PGCA.
PGCA (Tiernan Proprietary Conditional Access) is a signal scrambling
feature that encrypts the Transport Stream provided by Tiernan encoders.
This feature prevents unauthorized IRD’s from presenting Tiernan
encoded services. PGCA enables a TE30 encoder to encrypt the
Transport Stream and, with a customer defined user list resident in
TSM1, identify those integrated receiver/decoders (IRD’s) that are
authorized to decrypt the Transport Stream and present the received
services.
All external connections are located on the rear panel, with LED power,
status, and fault indicators visible on the control front panel. The remote
control port is either Ethernet or RS-232 (which supports an ASCII
character based asynchronous interface at standard baud rates.)
Rev. C, 10/06/97
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
Chapter 2. SCPC Functional Description
Chapter Overview
This chapter describes the TE30 features and functionality when
configured for SCPC (Single Channel Per Carrier) operation. It is
assumed that for SCPC operation the TE30 is equipped with the TTM2000/RA transport stream output module.
Figure 2-1. TE30 Front View
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
Capabilities
The TE30 is a single program MPEG-2 encoder, which serves as the link
between the user’s baseband multimedia (video, audio, data) source and
a digital transmission channel.
The TE30 accepts video, audio and data signals on the input connectors,
converts analog inputs to digital (if required), passes the digital samples
through the video and audio compression modules to form Elementary
Streams, and finally adds Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) headers
to each stream to provide the “canonical” PES format streams at the
internal TTM-2000/RA interface connector. In accordance with MPEG,
the PES headers include time stamp information necessary for the
decoder to align the video and audio presentation times to achieve “lipsync,” and also to allow the decoder to recover the encoder system
timing to insure that FIFO overflows or underflows do not occur and
cause program interruptions.
The TE30 can be easily configured for different applications. A
summary of the operating parameters is provided below. Once a custom
configuration has been setup, it can be stored in the TE30 non-volatile
configuration storage memory and will be restored upon reset or powerup of the unit.
Analog composite or serial digital input video source
Various pixel and line resolution resampling
Compressed video bit rate from 1 to 15 Mbps
Analog or AES/EBU digital input audio source
32, 44.1, or 48 kSps audio sample rate
Audio compression format of Stereo, Joint Stereo, Dual Channel, or
Mono
Compressed audio bit rate from 32 to 384 kbps
User data configuration
Output transport data rate from 1 to 18 mbps
The TE30 is equipped with an auto-ranging AC power-supply, which
accommodates input voltages from 100 to 240 VAC at frequencies from
50 to 60 Hz.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
Architecture
The mechanical structure of the system is shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2. TE30 System Architecture
The figure shows the TTM-2000/RA output module installed in the chassis. The TTM-2000/RA
output module constructs a multiplexed transport stream, fully compliant with MPEG and DVB
standards. This is a typical configuration for SCPC applications.
Although the E30 CCA is a single integrated circuit card, it is largely reconfigurable in the field by
downloading FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) configuration files via the remote control
port. These configuration files are stored in non-volatile (flash) memory, along with operational
software, compression micro-code, and various other configuration parameters. This capability
provides a simple field upgrade mechanism for adding new features and upgrading compression
algorithms.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
Theory of Operation
This section contains a few paragraphs on each TE30 signal processing
block, as well as the treatment of MPEG requirements within the TE30
architecture. The E30 CCA (Circuit Card Assembly) is an integrated
circuit card which performs video, audio, control, and all MPEG required
stream processing for a complete multimedia program. The signal flow
for each program element is shown in Figure 2-4 .
Figure 2-4. TE30 Signal Flow Block Diagram
The general signal flow is left to right across the diagram. The signal
processing paths include a single video component, two audio channel
pair components, and program control.
The following descriptions
address the video and audio signal processing blocks.
Video Processing
The Video Input block accepts video in PAL or NTSC format. The video
can be presented to TE30 in analog composite or serial digital format.
The Video Input block performs ITU-R Rec. BT.601 compliant analogto-digital conversion for the analog input formats, and serial-to-parallel
conversion for the digital input format. For a composite input, a 3-line
digital comb filter is used to separate the luma information from the
chroma information. The video timing is extracted from the input signal
and the output of the block is component video samples accompanied by
line and frame timing signals. The video samples are full resolution
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
YCbCr 4:2:2 with active pixels x lines of 720 x 480 for NTSC and 720 x
576 for PAL.
The Video Preprocessor block performs pixel re-sampling and line
decimation, if required.
The Video Compression block performs MPEG 2 video encoding of the
digital video input samples. The output data stream is an MPEG video
Elementary Stream. Many of the compression control parameters are
programmable for this processing block, including the output
compressed bit rate.
Audio Processing
The Audio Input block accepts two audio channels in analog or
AES/EBU serial digital format. The analog signals are digitized and
routed to the Select block. The Select multiplexer passes the digitized
analog, the AES/EBU serial digital to the Audio Compression block.
The Audio Compression block performs MPEG audio encoding of the
digital audio input samples. The output data stream is an MPEG audio
Elementary Stream.
Output Format
The Data Output block transforms the MPEG Elementary Stream inputs
for video, audio, and control into the MPEG Packetized Elementary
Stream (PES) format, by inserting PES headers and applying the MPEG
time-stamps to these program component streams.
Beneath the signal processing layer of the encoder lies two additional
functional layers which are required by MPEG and provided on the E30
CCA. These functions are Control and Timing management and
distribution. For a graphical presentation of this concept, refer to Figure
2-5.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
Figure 2-5. E30 Infrastructure Layers
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
Signal processing consists of video and audio digitization, compression,
and MPEG stream formatting which has been described.
The Timing layer provides the MPEG System Time Clock (STC)
distribution to the various MPEG headers that require time stamps.
These time stamps allow the system to align video and audio program
components for “lip-sync” presentation, and maintain universal system
time to keep data buffers from overflowing or underflowing through the
transmission path. This Timing function is provided by the Timing Unit
block and the distribution Control Bus shown in the block diagram of
Figure 2-4.
The Control layer consists of internal control and monitoring functions
for the TE30 itself, as well as network operational control information
distribution. These functions are supported by the Control Micro block
shown in Figure 2-4.
The Control Micro provides the front panel and the remote control
capability that is used for controlling the TE30 configuration. The
Control Micro is also used to monitor status, and for providing broadcast
tables and messages (i.e. MPEG and DVB control tables) which the
Micro formats and passes along to the Data Output block for inclusion in
the output streams. The Control Micro block also includes non-volatile
memory which stores the software, micro-code, FPGA configuration
files, and TE30 operating configuration setup.
Input/Output Modules
There are two additional blocks shown in Figure 2-4 - an Input Module
and an Output Module. For SCPC applications, the output module is
typically installed with a TTM-2000/RA, which formats the output of the
E30 CCA to meet the requirements of MPEG and DVB transmission
specifications. The TTM-2000/RA also allows for the addition of two
synchronous or asynchronous user data channels.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
TTM-2000/RA MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Multiplexer
Output Module
OVERVIEW
The TTM-2000/RA MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Multiplexer
output module combines MPEG-2 video, audio and control streams into
a single high-speed MPEG-2 compliant transport stream .
The external interfaces to the TTM-2000/RA module includes two user
data input port (synchronous or asynchronous serial data streams) and
two MPEG-2 transport stream output ports. The TTM-2000/RA block
diagram is provided in Figure 2-6. The TE30 internal interface provides
the TTM-2000/RA with PES input streams (i.e. video and audio) and
control information which are combined with externally supplied user
data to form the multiplexed transport stream output.
Figure 2-6. TTM-2000/RA Block Diagram
The internal TE30 interface also provides the system time clock used by
the TTM-2000/RA to time stamp the various streams according to the
MPEG 2 specifications.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
The PES and User Data interfaces provide electrical interface
conversions, data buffering, and data flow control management to each
port. The PES detection blocks are used to detect PES headers (and
frame headers for framed user data), and insure that these headers are
aligned with the headers of a transport packet.
The two User Data inputs can be configured to accept either synchronous
data up to 2,048 kbps using RS-422 levels, or asynchronous data up to
38.4 kbps using RS-232 levels.
The Transport Format and Mux block takes the user data and PES input
streams and combines them with various MPEG-2 and DVB control
tables, timing information, and stuffing packets to form a continuous
transport stream output. This transport stream is then time stamped with
PCR packets, and provided on both a synchronous serial RS-422 output
port and a DVB compliant ASI output port.
The RS-422 is a standard differential interface capable of supporting data
rates as high as 18 Mbit/sec. for short distances on high quality cable.
ASI is an interface standard adopted by DVB that provides robust
interconnects at variable data rates spanning the range commonly found
in video compression and multiplexing systems.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
2. SCPC Functional Description
External Interface
The external connections are all located on the rear panel of the chassis.
The complete rear panel view of this configuration is provided in Figure
2-3. The rear panel of the chassis itself provides the following features.
On/Off power switch
Cooling fan inlet
Power Connection Receptacle
Figure 2-7. TE30 External Connections
Figure 2-7 shows all the signal connections to the unit, which are
summarized below.
E30 Circuit Card
Fault Relay Output
RS232 Remote Control
Ethernet Remote Control
Audio A Input
Audio B Input
Digital Video Input
Composite Video Input
J8
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
TTM-2000/RA Transport Multiplexer Circuit Card
User Data A/B Input
J20
DVB ASI Transport Output J22
RS422 Transport Output
J23
Each of these connectors, pin assignments, and electrical signal
specifications are detailed in Chapter 8, SCPC External
System Connections.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
3. SCPC System Issues
Chapter 3. SCPC System Issues
Chapter Overview
For many, working with MPEG and compressed digital video systems is
a new experience. For some, integrating digital video into digital
communications systems is new, and for others, this is the first
installation of Tiernan Communications video compression equipment.
This manual is intended to assist all user groups to simply and
efficiently install and operate a compressed digital video system based
on Tiernan Communications equipment. Toward this goal, this chapter
presents of a number of system issues which must be considered prior to
installation, in order to avoid some common pitfalls.
Input Composite Video
The TE30 requires professional quality composite video at its input.
This means that the input level must be tightly regulated over time, and
the sync jitter kept to a minimum. It is assumed that the input video
corresponds to either EIA/TIA-250-C (NTSC) or CMTT 567-3 (PAL).
To prevent undesirable low frequency distortion at the decoder output,
the input video AGC is not continuously enabled. AGC is briefly
activated only at powerup, upon reset, after a video data rate, source or
resolution change, or if the incoming video is removed and then
restored. If the video level is increased without AGC compensation,
then distortion (white dots) due to clipping is likely. If the video level is
decreased without AGC compensation, then the Signal to Noise ratio,
and other parameters, will degrade.
The MPEG compression chips are sensitive to the incoming video data
format. Excessive sync jitter will result in excessive jitter on the
recovered 27 MHz clock, which will in turn corrupt the digitized video
data. The likely result is a compression chip fault, resulting in a system
reset. If low sync jitter can not guaranteed in the video source, then the
use of an external video frame buffer is highly recommended. The
resulting delay of the video relative to the audio can be compensated for
using the Audio Delay command.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
3. SCPC System Issues
Input Analog Audio
The input impedance is 10K ohms, which means that there is essentially
no loss of signal if the source impedance is either low impedance (<50)
or 600 ohms.
The clipping level is nominally +18 dBu. This means that a +18dBu
level signal will be represented by a full-scale digital word. If the audio
level exceeds this level, the output audio signal will be distorted.
For further information refer to Appendix E, Analog Audio
Measurements.
User Data
The User Data can be either synchronous or asynchronous.
Synchronous data implies that there is a separate clock and data, with a
new bit of data arriving on every clock edge. Asynchronous data
implies that the arrival of data is not regulated.
When using synchronous data, a common configuration problem occurs
when using “ Internal” clocking mode. This means that the TE30
supplies the clock, the user receives the clock and uses it to send data
back. The TE30 then uses the original clock to latch the incoming data.
The problem occurs when the propagation delay becomes significant
relative to the clock period. The result is corrupted data. To avoid this
situation, the user is encouraged to leave synchronous data in its default
configuration, namely “ external” clocking mode.
“ External” clocking mode forces the encoder to latch the data on the
incoming clock. Note that the encoder will still supply an output clock
(which the user may or may not use) even in the external clocking mode.
Calculating Aggregate Transport Stream Data Rate
Requirements
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
3. SCPC System Issues
MPEG systems have multiple levels of data framing and the addition of
header information as the signals pass through the system from baseband
video and audio, into Elementary Stream (ES) format, Packetized
Elementary Stream (PES) format, and finally MPEG 2 Transport Stream
format. If the digital data transmission channel does not have enough
capacity to accommodate the aggregate transport data rate, the system
will not operate properly - buffers will overflow, presentation of video
and audio cannot be synchronized properly, decompressed video will be
jerky and broken, and decompressed audio will exhibit “ ticking”
sounds or excessive noise.
In order to determine the required aggregate data rate for a given
transport stream the following overhead factors can be used for the
header structures inserted by the TE30 compression process and the
TTM-2000/RA transport multiplexing process.
An on-line spreadsheet is available for download from the Tiernan
Internet website (www.tiernan.com) which incorporates the following
information. The customer is encouraged to make use of this resource.
If there are any questions regarding spreadsheet access or usage, please
contact Tiernan customer support.
Given the following list of input parameters:
compressed Video Bit Rate
Video format: NTSC or PAL
Audio Sample Rate (Chan. A and B)
compressed Audio Bit Rate (Chan. A and B)
User Data Rate (Chan. A and B)
Retransmit intervals for each PSI & SI Table
PGCA enabled or disabled
Number of lines of Teletext
System Timing (PCR) retransmit rate
compute the Output Transport Stream rate using the formulae shown
below:
•
Video PES Rate
compressed Video Bit Rate plus
(20 + 183 bytes per frame) × 188/184
@
30 frames per second (NTSC)
25 frames per second (PAL)
which simplifies to:
= compressed Video Bit Rate +
49,779 bits per second (NTSC) or
41,483 bits per second (PAL)
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
3. SCPC System Issues
•
Video Multiplexer Rate
Video PES Rate × 188/184 × overhead
where:
5 Mbps < Video PES Rate < 15 Mbps:
2% overhead required
3 Mbps < Video PES Rate < 5 Mbps:
3% overhead required
1 Mbps < Video PES Rate < 3 Mbps:
7% overhead required
which simplifies to:
5 Mbps < video PES rate < 15 Mbps:
≅ video PES rate × 1.0423
3 Mbps < video PES rate < 5 Mbps:
≅ video PES rate × 1.0524
1 Mbps < video PES rate < 3 Mbps:
≅ video PES rate × 1.0933
•
Audio Multiplexer Rate
Using the selected audio bit rate and
audio sample rate, refer to the table
below.
Audio bit rate |Output Transport Stream Bit Rate for Audio
| 48 kS/sec.
44.1 kS/sec.
32 kS/sec.
32,000
| 63,294
58,151
42,196
48,000
| 63,294
58,151
63,294
56,000
| 63,294
87,227
63,294
64,000
| 94,940
87,227
84,392
80,000
| 94,940
87,227
105,489
96,000
| 126,587
116,302
105,489
112,000
| 126,587
145,377
126,587
128,000
| 158,234
145,377
147,685
160,000
| 189,880
174,453
168,783
192,000
| 221,527
203,528
210,978
224,000
| 253,174
261,679
253,174
256,000
| 284,820
290,754
274,272
320,000
| 348,114
348,905
337,565
384,000
| 411,407
407,056
400,858
•
User Data Multiplexer Rate User Data Rate × 188/184
plus 10% overhead
per user data channel,
or:
= User Data Rate × 188/184 × 1.10
≅ User Data Rate × 1.124
•
PSI & SI Table Rates
PAT
PMT
SDT
Only for those tables that are enabled.
188 × 8 × 1.01 / tPAT, where:
tPAT = PAT retransmit interval.
Default tPAT = 0.1 sec.
188 × 8× 1.01 / tPMT, where:
tPMT = PMT retransmit interval.
Default tPMT = 0.1 sec.
188 × 8 × 1.01 / tSDT, where:
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3. SCPC System Issues
tSDT = SDT retransmit interval.
Default tSDT = 1.5 sec.
NIT
188 × 8 × 1.01 / tNIT, where:
tNIT = NIT retransmit interval.
Default tNIT = 1.5 sec.
EIT
2 × 188 × 8 × 1.01 / tEIT, where:
tEIT = EIT retransmit interval.
Default tEIT = 1.5 sec.
TDT
188 × 8 × 1.01 / tTDT, where:
tTDT = TDT retransmit interval.
Default TDT is disabled.
which simplifies to:
= 1,519.04 / tPAT + 1,519.04 / tPMT +
1,519.04 / tSDT + 1,519.04 / tNIT +
3,038.08 / tEIT + 1,519.04 / tTDT bps
Only for those tables that are enabled.
•
PGCA data rate
188 bytes per packet × 8 × 1.01
@ 1000 packets per 30 seconds,
when PGCA is enabled
or:
= 50,635 bps, (if enabled)
•
Teletext Rate
46 bytes per line of Teletext + 45 bytes
@ 4 lines per Transport Stream,
all at 25 frames per second,
plus an extra 1%
or:
= 188 × 8 × 25 × 1.01
× { int( (46 n + 45) / 184) + 1 }
where n = number of Teletext lines/frame,
assuming 1 ≤ n ≤ 32.
This corresponds to the following table:
Teletext Lines PES bytes
0
45
1
91
2
137
3
183
4
229
5
275
6
321
7
367
8
413
9
459
10
505
11
551
12
597
13
643
14
689
15
735
16
781
17
827
18
873
19
919
20
965
21
1011
TS pkts
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
bit rate
0 bps
37,976 bps
37,976 bps
37,976 bps
75,952 bps
75,952 bps
75,952 bps
75,952 bps
113,928 bps
113,928 bps
113,928 bps
113,928 bps
151,904 bps
151,904 bps
151,904 bps
151,904 bps
189,880 bps
189,880 bps
189,880 bps
189,880 bps
227,856 bps
227,856 bps
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3. SCPC System Issues
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
1057
1103
1149
1195
1241
1287
1333
1379
1425
1471
1517
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
227,856 bps
227,856 bps
265,832 bps
265,832 bps
265,832 bps
265,832 bps
303,808 bps
303,808 bps
303,808 bps
303,808 bps
341,784 bps
•
System Timing (PCR)
188 × 8 × PCR retransmit rate
which simplifies to:
16,544 bps @ 11 PCR packets per sec.
(default),
66,176 bps @ 44 PCR packets per sec.
•
Total Transport Rate
= Video Multiplexer Rate
+ Audio Multiplexer Rate (A & B)
+ User Data Multiplexer rate (A & B)
+ Sum of PSI & SI Table Rates
+ PGCA Rate
+ Teletext Rate
+ System Timing (PCR) Rate
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Example 1:
3. SCPC System Issues
Determine aggregate bit rate from a given set of component bit rates.
Consider a PGCA encrypted NTSC video program with two stereo audio
channels and a 64k bit per second (kbps) user data channel. If the video
is configured for a compressed rate of 7.6M bps and the audio is
configured for a dual channel compressed rate of 256 kbps, the
following aggregate rate calculations result. Note that the user data
channel is treated as a PES stream for rate calculations, since it is
inserted transparently into the transport stream without the addition of
PES headers.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Video Multiplex Rate (NTSC)
(7,600,000 + 49,779) × 1.0423
Audio Multiplex Rate (256 kbps, 48 kSps)
2 × 284,820
User Data Multiplex Rate
64,000 × 1.124
PSI & SI Table Rates (Default Table rates)
2 × (1,519.04 / 0.1) + 4 × (1,519.04 / 1.5)
PGCA Rate
System Timing (PCR)
Total capacity required for this aggregate
=
7,973,365
=
569,640
=
71,936
=
=
=
34,432
50,635
16,544
8,716,552
Now consider that the available channel capacity is only 8.448 Mbps.
One solution is to eliminate program components (i.e. the user data
channel or audio), until the aggregate rate is below the channel capacity.
A more common requirement is to squeeze the entire program into the
available bandwidth, without eliminating any of the program
components. The solution to this problem is to reduce the video and/or
audio compressed bit rates. Reduced compression rates degrade video
and/or audio quality, so this method only works if the aggregate rate
need only be reduced slightly to become lower than the channel
capacity, or if quality is not of paramount importance for the
transmission (i.e. a degraded picture is better than no picture at all).
To complete the example, the aggregate rate must be reduced by
268,552 bps, in order to fit into the 8.448Mbps available channel
capacity. Reducing the compressed video rate by 300,000 bps, from
7.600 Mbps to 7.300 Mbps will degrade the video imperceptibly, so this
is the best solution to this example.
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Example 2:
3. SCPC System Issues
Determine the optimal video bit rate from a given aggregate bit rate.
For a fixed aggregate data rate of 8,294,118 bps, what is the highest
video bit rate that can be selected for a program consisting of a PAL
video component, two stereo audio components (stereo channel A and
stereo channel B, at a compressed bit rate of 256 kbps each), no user
data components, Tiernan default MPEG2 & DVB program specific
information tables, and MPEG2 system timing ?
This problem is solved by calculating the bit rates occupied by each
component other than video in the aggregate transport bitstream. Once
this is complete, we can determine the remaining bit rate which can be
allocated to compressed video.
Audio contributions to the Transport Stream
Channel A @ (256 kbps and 48 kS/sec.) x 188/184 = 284,820 bps
Channel B @ (256 kbps and 48 kS/sec.) x 188/184 = 284,820 bps
DVB table contribution to the Transport Stream:
2×1,519.04/0.1 + 4×1,519.04/1.5
=
34,432 bps
System timing (PCR) contribution to the Transport Stream:
For 11 PCRs per sec.
=
16,544 bps
Remaining Transport bit rate for video component:
Subtract the bit rates occupied by all components of the program other
than video:
8,294,118
Aggregate data rate available
- 284,820
Audio Channel A transport bit rate
- 284,820
Audio Channel B transport bit rate
32,432
MPEG2 & DVB table bit rate in Transport Stream
16,544
System Timing (PCR)
7,675,502
remaining Transport Stream bit rate
Video bit rate determination:
The optimal PAL video bit rate is estimated using this remaining
Transport Stream bit rate:
(7,675,502 / 1.0423) - 41,483 {PAL PES overhead} = 7,322,522
Always rounding down to the nearest thousand, the video bit rate is then:
video bit rate = 7,322,000 bps.
Check the final result by calculating the aggregate bit rate for the
program, starting from the program components and the selected
compressed bit rates.
Video PES @ 7,322,000 bps
(7,322,000 + 41,483) × 1.0423
=
7,674,958 bps
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3. SCPC System Issues
Audio A PES @ 256,000
Audio B PES @ 256,000
Table Rate (Default)
PCR Rate @ 11 PCRs per sec.
Combined Transport Stream bit rate
=
=
=
=
284,820 bps
284,820 bps
32,432 bps
16,544 bps
8,293,574 bps
Margin bit rate remaining in the Transport Stream is then
Modulator data rate
8,294,118 bps
Calculated Transport rate - 8,293,574 bps
Margin
544 bps
Example 3.
For a fixed video compressed bit rate, what other configuration
parameters can we select in order to get the best video performance from
the system ?
Once the video compressed bit rate is fixed, the remaining configuration
parameter that has the largest effect on subjective video quality is
resolution. The discussion of resolution vs. compressed bit rate is much
too extensive to include in this example, and the results are still open to
subjective evaluation of video performance, as a function of video
content, so a simple guideline chart is provided instead.
resolution
704 pixels per line
544 pixels per line
352 pixels per line
SIF
bit rate range
above 7 Mbps
4 to 7 Mbps
2 to 4 Mbps
1 to 2 Mbps
suggested use
sports
movies & shows
talking heads
multimedia
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3. SCPC System Issues
Video FIFO Status
As stated previously, if the digital data transmission channel does not
have enough capacity to accommodate the aggregate transport data rate,
the system will not operate properly - buffers will overflow, presentation
of video and audio cannot be synchronized properly, decompressed
video will be jerky and broken, and decompressed audio will exhibit
“ ticking” sounds or excessive noise.
The video FIFO level provides an indication as to whether or not the
system is operating properly. The remote control command FS provides
the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) buffer levels for the video and audio data
as it passes through the system. An example of the response to the FS
command is provided below.
>FS
Fifo Status
- VE meter = 0x00003134 (min=0x00001000 - max=0x00100000)
- AEA meter = 0x00001c58 (min=0x00001c58 - max=0x00040000)
- AEB meter = 0x0000ffff (min=0x00001c58 - max=0x00040000)
The display includes the current FIFO meter levels as well as the
maximum and minimum fill levels for each FIFO. The current levels
are important because they indicate the flow of data, or more
importantly, abnormalities in the data flow. If a FIFO level does not
change, the corresponding data path is probably inactive. For example,
if video is supposed to be a component of the program, the current video
FIFO meter should be moving. To see if a FIFO meter is moving, issue
the FS query a number of times in a row.
If the current levels are static, there is no data flow for that stream.
Confirm that the inputs are enabled. Be sure the input is cabled
properly.
If a current level reading equals the maximum value, then the associated
FIFO is overflowing. An overflowing video FIFO usually indicates that
the aggregate bit rate is higher than the data rate of the transmission
channel (i.e. the satellite modulator). An overflowing video FIFO is also
accompanied by jerky or freeze-frame display at the decoder output.
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3. SCPC System Issues
Bit Rate, Code Rate and Bandwidth
This section is included for the benefit of the SCPC user who plans to
transmit over satillite.
As defined by the DVB specification, the relationship between the
transponder bandwidth and the symbol rate is given by the equation:
Bandwidth = SymbolRate x 1.35
where:
•
•
Bandwidth is the recommended minimum transponder bandwidth
requirements (-15dB point, see figure 3-1)
1.35 is a constant associated with the transmit filter specified by DVB
(Hz/Symbol)
The relationship between symbol rate, data rate and the Viterbi code
rate is given by the equation:
SymbolRate = TransportRate
x
1
2
x
204 x n+1
188
n
where:
•
•
•
•
•
SymbolRate has units of symbols/second
TransportRate is the aggregate transport stream bit rate in
bits/second
½ is the QPSK factor (1 symbol per 2 bits)
204/188 is the Reed-Solomon encoding overhead (unit-less)
(n+1)/n is the Viterbi encoding overhead (unit-less), refer to following
table:
Viterbi Code Rate
½
2/3
¾
5/6
7/8
n
1
2
3
5
7
Min Eb/No for error free transmission
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.4
The actual selection of the data rate, the Viterbi code rate and the
spacing between adjacent carrier on the transponder is left to the user.
To aid in this selection, consider the following:
The aggregate transport rate is usually largely determined by the
compressed video data rate.
Refer to “Calculating Aggregate
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3. SCPC System Issues
Transport Stream Data Rate Requirements” in this section.
Determine the minimum compressed video data rate which has
acceptable picture quality. Try lowering the horizontal resolution for
better picture quality at lower video data rates.
The required Viterbi code rate is determined by the transmission system
link budget. For example, a Viterbi code rate of ½ can operate to with
very low Eb/No, but will require a higher symbol rate. Refer to the
previous table for the minimum required Eb/No for “ error-free”
operation. Do not forget to add at least a 2 dB rain fade margin.
In general, it is desirable to minimize both the bandwidth required for
the carrier itself, and the distance between adjacent carriers. If carriers
are located too close to each other, there will be a performance
degradation. For carriers of equal amplitude, it is recommended that the
carriers intersect below the -15dB point. For carriers of equal amplitude
and symbol rate, this implies that the carrier spacing is
1.35xSymbolRate, or greater.
Figure 3-1. Transponder Bandwidth for Carriers
of Equal Amplitude and Symbol Rate
Example 4.
For a fixed symbol rate of 6 Msps and a maximum data rate of 8.448
MBPS, what is the best selection of DVB Viterbi code rate?
The equation which relates symbol rate (SR) to data rate (DR) for DVB
systems is:
SR = DR x 1/2 x 204/188 x n+1/n, where
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3. SCPC System Issues
1/2
204/188
n+1/n
is the QPSK factor
is the inverse Reed-Solomon code rate
is the inverse Viterbi code rate
Solve for the Viterbi rate:
n/n+1 = 8,448,000 x 1/2 x 204/188 x 1/6,000,000 = .764
The DVB Viterbi code rates are: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, and 7/8
For this example, rate 3/4 is selected, since it provides the highest data
rate below 8.448 MBPS at our fixed symbol rate of 6 Msps.
Solve for the resultant data rate:
DR = 6,000000 x 2 x 188/204 x 3/4 = 8,294,118 bps
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Chapter 4. SCPC Installation, Operation and
Verification
Chapter Overview
This chapter provides a detailed explanation for each step in the process
of installing a TE30 for a SCPC operation. The chapter also includes a
suggested test sequence that can be used to validate proper TE30
operation, and some troubleshooting tips for common problems
encountered during TE30 installation. It is assumed that the TE30 is
equipped with a TTM-2000/RA output module.
CAUTION!
Please Read
Carefully
CAUTION!
Please Read
Carefully
Tiernan products contain static sensitive electronics. Use standard antistatic precautions and procedures when unpacking and handling this
equipment.
DO NOT REMOVE THE TE30 TOP COVER. The unit is powered by a
switching AC power supply. This power supply is exposed when the
TE30 top cover is removed, and becomes an electric shock hazard.
Injury to the user and damage to the equipment may result. No steps or
instructions in this manual require removal of the TE30 top cover.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Carton Labeling and Identification
The TE30 shipping carton is identified on the outside by a packing slip
in a see-through label pouch. The packing slip is folded to make the
following information visible without removing the packing slip from the
pouch - customer name, purchase order number and reference line
number(s), Tiernan product model number(s) in the box, and Tiernan
sales order number (SO#). Customers should note these numbers and
include them in any correspondence with Tiernan Communications
concerning an order. The packing slip also includes the serial number(s)
and quantity of unit(s) in the box, and the boxes are marked with the
number of boxes included in the shipment.
Carton and Contents
Tiernan Communications products are shipped in reinforced cardboard
cartons with air-suspended supports. If the suspension system is
damaged while cutting the box open, it will be rendered unusable. When
opening cartons, a cutting tool that extends less than 1/2 inch into the
carton must be used.
After the box is open, carefully remove the TE30 and inspect it to ensure
that no physical damage has occurred during shipping. Verify that the
unit and all optional features match those that were ordered. The
following list includes the items in a standard SCPC TE30 shipment.
•
•
•
•
•
•
TE30 unit equipped with TTM-2000/RA output module
AC power cord - North American type (includes AC plug)
AC power cord - International type (no AC plug)
A pair of rack-mount handles and set of screws
Installation and Operation Manual
Colored “Update” sheet, with product information and notices
Contact Tiernan customer service at the phone number listed in the
introduction to this manual if any discrepancies are discovered.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
The colored “ Update” sheet is included to highlight product information
that has been compiled more recently than the publication date of this
manual. This sheet provides important tips on TE30 operation, as well
as software “ features,” specification updates, and application notes.
Please retain the shipping carton to be used when shipping the unit to a
final destination or returning the unit to Tiernan for upgrade or repair.
Note that the factory shipping carton is specially designed to absorb
excessive shock and vibration of the shipping carton, and protect the
enclosed equipment. In order for this packaging to provide adequate
protection, the equipment must be suspended in the box by the plastic
film, which requires the equipment to be “ sandwiched” between the
carton inserts. The following packing steps should be followed:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Place one of the inserts into an empty box with the film attaching
edge up
Wrap the equipment being packaged in a plastic bag or wrap
Place the bagged equipment on top of the insert in the box - the
equipment should be supported by the film and not touching the
bottom of the box
Place the second insert on top of the equipment in the box with the
film attaching edge down
Some pressure must now be used to push the top insert into the box,
fold down the flaps of the box, and tape the box closed
If the packing is correct, the box can be shaken and the equipment
should not hit the sides of the box or move around inside the box
Note that an RMA number (Return Material Authorization) must be
obtained from Tiernan customer service in accordance with the Product
Return Procedure found in the introduction to this manual, prior to
returning a unit for repair or upgrade.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Product Labeling and Identification
There are labels on the front and rear panels of the TE30. On the control
front panel, the Tiernan Communications company trademark label
appears on the upper left corner, the TE30 model label is located on the
upper right, and the Tiernan Communications, Inc. serial number product
label is located on the rear panel above the connector cutout.
The TE30 model number does not change when various input/output
modules are installed in the chassis. The configuration of a particular
TE30 can be determined by inspecting the connector configuration on
the rear panel. The rear panel product label indicates the model number,
serial number, regulatory approvals, voltage, current, and power
consumption.
Additional information is included on the rear panel filler plates of each
module installed in the chassis. This information is silk-screen printed
and includes reference designators for each connector.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
TE30 Installation
If the TE30 is to be installed in a standard 19-inch rack, the following
steps are recommended:
__ Check the bottom of the chassis for rubber bumpers. These should
be removed prior to rack-mount installation if the rack space does
not allow room for them below the chassis.
__ Determine the method of rack installation. There are two alternatives
available from Tiernan Communications - rack-mount “ears” with
handles, and standard rack-mount slides.
The following
considerations may assist in selecting a rack-mount method.
Rack-mount “ears” with handles are shipped standard with every
TE30, and are the most commonly used mount. These are easy to
install, support the unit adequately for fixed site applications, and
provide handles to hold when installing or moving the unit.
Optional rack-mount slides are suggested for mobile applications, or
for installations that are subject to vibration and shock stresses
above and beyond normal fixed site installations. The slides provide
full support of the TE30 from front to back, whereas the “ears” simply
attach the unit to the front of the rack, and support it in a cantilever
manner.
CAUTION!
The TE30 chassis has fan air intake grills on the rear panel and the left
side panel. It also has air exhaust vent holes on both side panels. Be
sure the sides and the rear panel fan grill have unobstructed air flow, to
prevent overheating of the TE30.
Please Read
Carefully
Attach the rack-mount “ ears” to the TE30 with the screws provided in
the shipping kit. If the slide option has been selected, follow the
mounting instructions and use the screws included with the slide kit.
Install the TE30 in the rack.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
External System Connections
After the unit has been unpacked and positioned for operation, the
following external connections are necessary.
__ Ground the rack to earth ground with a heavy gauge wire. The TE30
chassis is grounded to the rack via the rack-mount slides or “ears,”
whichever is used. Proper grounding is essential for acceptable
operation.
__ Connect the video input cable to the J5 or J6 connector on the rear
panel, depending on the video format of choice - serial digital D1, or
composite analog, respectively.
Figure 4-1. TE30 Rear Panel Connectors
__ Connect the audio input cable to J3:Audio A for channel A, and
J4:Audio B for channel B. Use the cable to match the desired audio
format - analog or AES/EBU serial digital. Refer to Chapter 8,
SCPC External System Connections, for audio cable connector pin
definition.
__ If RS232 remote control is required, connect the RS-232 plug of an
asynchronous data terminal to the J1:Remote Control DB-9 female
connector on the rear panel using the Null Modem Adapter. Ensure
that the data terminal is configured for 1200 baud, 8 data, no parity,
1 stop bit.
__ If Ethernet remote control is required, connect the Ethernet cable to
the J3:Ethernet RJ-45 female connector on the rear panel.
__ If the North American standard AC power cable is being used, it
does not require any modifications or plug attachments. If the
international AC power cord is being used, a locally-compatible plug
must be attached to the stripped and tinned bare wires of the cable
in accordance with any local laws or regulations. Installation
instructions follow.
International AC Power Connector Installation Instructions
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
DANGER!
Electric Shock
Hazard
If an unterminated power cord is supplied with the unit, the appropriate
certified termination plug must be installed. The power cord wires are
color coded as follows:
-
Green and Yellow: earth/ground
Blue: neutral
Brown: line
If the color code described does not correspond to the color markings
identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:
1) The green and yellow wire must be connected to the terminal in the
, or colored
plug marked by the letter E or by the earth symbol
green and yellow.
2) The blue wire must be connected to the terminal marked with the
letter N or colored black.
3) The brown wire must be connected to the terminal marked with the
letter L or colored red.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Power Up Verification
__ Power-on the TE30 by pushing the rocker switch on the rear panel
toward the side marked “1,” which is the ON position.
__ Watch the control front panel LEDs and display illuminate. All three
LED’s are illuminated briefly during power-up for test purposes. Be
sure the power LED stays solid green, and that the red fault LED is
off.
__ The TE30 control front panel displays the initialization message,
followed by the top menu structure.
__ The STATUS LED should be illuminated solid green. If the STATUS
LED is not lit, query the first current fault status of the unit with the
front panel command sequence:
<Faults> <Current>
__ The red FAULT LED should not be illuminated. If the red FAULT
LED is on, issue the fault relay clear command. If the red FAULT
LED remains on, power the unit off, wait a minute, and power the
unit back up again. If the red FAULT LED persists, call Tiernan
Communications’ customer service engineers for assistance.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Configuration and Setup
Using the TE30 control front panel, configure the TE30 with the
operating parameters required by the system design for this installation.
Refer to Chapter 6, SCPC Control Front Panel Description, for a
complete description of the available front panel commands, and front
panel operation.
For typical operation, the following parameters might need to be altered.
The parameters can be changed in any order. A convenient spreadsheet
(SCPC.xls) for computing the optimum SCPC configuration is available
for download in the Product Support section of the Tiernan webpage
(www:\\tiernan.com).
Transport Stream Configuration
Press the <Select> front panel button beneath the text “ System” to reach
the Transport Stream configuration section. The first parameter presented
is the Transport Data Rate selection. If the parameter is at the desired
setting, then press <More> to continue to the next parameter. Refer to
Chapter 3, SCPC System Issues for information related to setting this
parameter.
To change a parameter, press the <Select> push-button beneath the
parameter until it changes to the desired setting. Then press the <Enter>
push-button.
Press the <More> push-button to bring up the next Transport Stream
parameter. Continue until all of the Transport Stream parameters have
been confirmed.
Transport Stream parameters that typically need to be configured are the
Data Rate and the Clock Source. Note that if using the ASI transport
output than the Clock Source must be set to Internal.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Video Configuration
Press the <Select> front panel button beneath the text “ Video” to reach
the video configuration section. The first parameter presented is the
Video Enable selection. If the parameter is at the desired setting, then
press <More> to continue to the next parameter.
To change a parameter, press the <Select> push-button beneath the
parameter until it changes to the desired setting. Then press the <Enter>
push-button.
Press the <More> push-button to bring up the next Video parameter.
Continue until all of the Video parameters have been confirmed.
Video parameters that typically need to be configured are the Bit Rate,
the Source and the Resolution. Video is normally enabled, and the PID
is normally the default value.
Audio Configuration
Press the <More> push-button, then press the <Select> front panel button
beneath the text “ Audio” to reach the Audio configuration section. First
configure Audio A, followed by Audio B. The first parameter presented
is the Audio Enable selection. If the parameter is at the desired setting,
then press <More> to continue to the next parameter.
To change a parameter, press the <Select> push-button beneath the
parameter until it changes to the desired setting. Then press the <Enter>
push-button.
Press the <More> push-button to bring up the next Audio parameter.
Continue until all of the Audio parameters have been confirmed.
Audio parameters that typically need to be configured are the Enable, the
Source, the Format, the Data Rate, the Sample Rate and the Resolution.
The Delay is normally zero, and the PID is normally the default value.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
User Data Configuration
Press the <More> push-button, then press the <Select> front panel button
beneath the text “ Data” to reach the User Data configuration section.
First configure User Data A, followed by User Data B.
Press the push-button beneath the parameter <Mux>. The first parameter
presented is the User Data Enable selection. If the parameter is at the
desired setting, then press <More> to continue to the next parameter, the
PID.
To change a parameter, press the <Select> push-button beneath the
parameter until it changes to the desired setting. Then press the <Enter>
push-button.
Press the <Esc> push-button to return to the previous menu. Press the
push-button beneath the parameter <Intf>. Press the <Up> push-button
until the parameter changes to the desired setting. Then press the
<Enter> push-button.
Press the <Esc> push-button to return to the previous menu. Press the
push-button beneath the parameter <Sync> or <Async> (depends on the
configuration). If the parameter is at the desired setting, then press
<More> to continue to the next parameter. To change a parameter, press
the <Select> push-button beneath the parameter until it changes to the
desired setting. Then press the <Enter> push-button.
User Data parameters that typically need to be configured are the Enable,
and the Data Rate or Baud rate. The PID is normally the default value.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
DVB Compliant Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)
Configuration Example
The operating requirements of this example are listed below.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Composite NTSC video source.
DVB-ASI Transport output at 8,448,000 bps
Full resolution video with compressed bit rate of 7.5 Mbps.
A single stereo analog audio pair, sampled at 48 KSps.
Audio compressed bit rate of 256 Kbps.
A synchronous 64 Kbps externally clocked serial RS-422 user data
stream.
Following the steps of the previous section, confirm that the following parameters are
configured as follows:
Transport Data Rate
Transport Clock Source
8448000
Internal
Video Enable
Video Source
Video Mode
Video Resolution
Video Data Rate
On
Composite
Auto (Will change to “NTSC” to reflect input)
A704
7500000
Audio A Enable
Audio A Source
Audio A Format
Audio A Data Rate
Audio A Sample Rate
On
Analog
Stereo
256000
48
Audio B Enable
Off
Data A Mux Enable
Data A Intf
Data A Sync Data Rate
Data A Sync Clock Source
On
Sync
64000
External
Data B Mux Enable
Off
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Now suppose we want to change the configuration to support the new
requirements:
•
•
•
Serial digital video source.
352x480 resolution video with compressed bit rate of 6 Mbps.
No user data required
Make the following configuration changes:
Video Source
Video Resolution
Video Data Rate
D1
A352
6000000
Data A Mux Enable
Off
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
TE30 Functional Checkout
The following test may be accomplished using the TE30, a TDR7 MPEG
decoder, a TVRM-75 QPSK modulator and an IF to L-Band upconverter.
Refer to Chapter 6, SCPC Control Front Panel Description, for
instructions on using the TE30 front panel controls.
For detailed specification testing, a video test pattern generator, video
analyzer, audio test tone generator, audio analyzer, synchronous data
generator/bit stream error analyzer, and various other cables and test
equipment are also required.
This procedure does not include
instructions on detailed performance and specification testing, but
instead addresses only the basic operation of the unit.
Required Equipment
The following list of test equipment and cables are required in order to
complete the test described in this section:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TE30 (Unit Under Test)
Video Source
Video Input Cable (BNC)
Audio Source
Audio Input Cable (per Chapter 11 connector pinouts)
QPSK Modulator
TE30 to Modulator Interface Cable (BNC)
IF to L-Band Upconverter
Upconverter to TDR7 L-band Cable (F-Cable)
Baseband Video Monitor
Video Output Cable (BNC)
Audio Amplifier and speakers
Audio Output Cable
TDR7
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Loop-test Cabling and Connections
Connect the equipment and cables according to the diagram in Figure 4-1
following the checklist below.
Figure 4-1. Loop-test Block Diagram
__ Insure the AC switch is in the OFF or “0” position and connect the
AC line cords between the TE30 , TVRM-75 and the TDR7 rear
panels and an AC outlet plug.
__ Install a BNC cable between the TTM-2000/RA (J21) ASI output
connector and the TVRM-75 modulator ASI input connector (J3).
__ Install a BNC cable between the TVRM-75 IF output and the
upconverter IF input.
__ Install an F cable between the upconverter L-Band output and the
TDR7 L-Band input (J50).
__ Cable the video source to the TE30 composite input (J6) with a BNC
cable.
__ Cable the audio source to the TE30 analog audio A input (J3) with a
cable terminated in a female DB-9 connector, using the audio input
connector pinout from Chapter 8, SCPC External System
Connections.
__ Cable the output monitor to the BNC composite video output of the
TDR7 (J6).
__ Cable the audio amplifier to the audio output of the TDR7 (J12).
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Performing the Loop-test
After the loop-test configuration has been cabled and the equipment has
all been powered, use the front panel to configure the TE30 and TDR7
for operation.
Using the front panel of the TE30, press the following buttons in
sequence to initialize the unit to factory default.
<More> <Control> <Init> <DVB> <Enter>
Note: All front panel command sequences assume that the user begins
from the top menu structure. Press the key <Previous> repeatedly to
reach the top menu structure.
Using the front panel of the TDR7, press the following buttons in
sequence to initialize the unit to factory default.
<More> <Control> <Init> <DVB> <Enter>
Using the front panel of the TDR7, press the following buttons to access
the TDR7’s demodulator configuration parameters.
<Demod> <Config> <More>
Assuming that the local oscillator of the IF to L-Band upconverter is
930Mhz and the modulator IF is 70Mhz, configure the TDR7 as follows:
RF Freq:
LO Freq
Data Rate:
Code Rate:
Polarization:
11000 Mhz
10000 Mhz
8448000 bps
5/6
18V
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
Using the front panel of the TVRM-75, press the following buttons to
access the modulator configuration parameters.
<Right Arrow> <Enter> <Enter>
TX-DR QPSK 5/6
8.448000 Mbps
Enable the TX output.
Successful loop-test performance requires satisfactory video images on
the display monitors, acceptable lip-sync between the output video and
audio, acceptable audio performance from the speakers, and fault-free
operation for a number of minutes operating.
The TE30 Status LED should be constant green which indicates that no
faults have been detected. The TDR7 Sync LED should be constant
green which indicates that a valid transport stream has been detected at
the input, and that no faults have been detected. Both red Fault LED’s
should be off.
After the loop-test is successfully completed, restore the TE30 and the
TDR7 configuration to the desired field operating configuration using the
front panel. Power off the unit, remove the cables, and the unit is ready
for installation in the system or field deployment.
!
Note: If the loop-test did not operate successfully, or the system did not behave as
expected during any portion of the test, refer to the following Chapter 5,
SCPC Troubleshooting, Self-Test & Maintenance for details on
troubleshooting connection problems and resolving configuration setting
errors.
Many other operating configurations can be tested with the loop-back
bench test set-up. Users are often interested in observing video quality
at various compressed bit rates and resolutions. The video bit rate can
be changed using the following front panel sequence commands.
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4. SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification
<Video> <More> <More> <More> <More> <” Enter numerical rate” >
<Enter>
The video resolution can be changed using the following front panel
sequence commands.
<Video> <More> <More> <More> <Up (until desired resolution)>
<Enter>
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5. Troubleshooting, Self-Test, & Maintenance
Chapter 5. SCPC Troubleshooting, Self-Test &
Maintenance
Chapter Overview
This chapter describes the troubleshooting, self-test and maintenance that
can be performed by the user. For any additional issues not covered in
this chapter, please contact Tiernan Communications’ Product Support
engineers for assistance.
Troubleshooting
The following table entries represent common problems and suggested
solutions.
Encoder Problems
Symptom
No sign-on message
on the front panel after
power-up
Action
Be sure the AC power cord is connected to an
active outlet - is the control front panel
POWER LED green?
Symptom
No sign-on message
on the RS-232 remote
control terminal after
power-up
Action
Be sure the AC power cord is connected to an
active outlet - is the control front panel
POWER LED green?
____________________________________
_
Check the baud rate and parity of the
terminal. Factory default settings are 1200
baud, 8 data, no parity.
Using the control front panel, check the baud
rate and parity of the TE30.
____________________________________
_
Check the cable connection between the
terminal and the TE30.
Confirm that a Null Modem Adapter is being
used. (Refer to Appendix D).
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5. Troubleshooting, Self-Test, & Maintenance
Symptom
No Video Input fault
reported
Action
Check that the Video Input Select is correctly
configured.
Symptom
FIFO overflow faults
reported.
Action
Confirm that the Transport Data Rate has not
been set too low. Refer the equations in
Chapter 3, SCPC System Issues.
Symptom
Red LED Fault lit.
Action
Confirm that the Transport Data Rate has not
been set too low. Refer the equations in
Chapter 3, SCPC System Issues.
Clear the fault relay using the front panel
command sequence <Fault> <Relay> <Clear>
<Enter>.
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5. Troubleshooting, Self-Test, & Maintenance
Transmission Problems
Symptom
Modulator reports
faults
Action
Check that the TE30 Transport Data Rate
and the modulator Data Rate are equal.
____________________________________
_
Check the clocking configuration of the
transport interface.
If using the ASI transport output, then the
modulator needs to be configured for external
timing.
If using the RS-422 transport output
configured for internal timing, then the
modulator needs to be configures for external
timing.
If using the RS-422 transport output
configured for external timing, then the
modulator needs to be configures for internal
timing, latching data on the TT clock.
____________________________________
_
If using the RS-422 transport output, confirm
the definition of the RS-422 cable. Refer to
Appendix A.
Check that the clock polarity on the modulator
is set to non-inverting.
Confirm that the data control on the modulator
is set to non-inverting.
____________________________________
_
Confirm that the TE30 is not reporting any
faults.
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5. Troubleshooting, Self-Test, & Maintenance
Decoder Problems
Symptom
No audio output from
the decoder.
Action
Check the audio cabling into the encoder.
____________________________________
_
Make sure the TE30 is configured for the
audio input source that is being provided - i.e.
analog or AES/EBU digital
Symptom
Corrupted video and
audio output from the
decoder
Action
Aggregate data rate probably exceeds the
transport clock rate. Increase the transport
data rate, or reduce the video data rate.
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5. Troubleshooting, Self-Test, & Maintenance
Self-Test Capabilities
The TE30 is able to perform built-in-self-test (BIST) functions that are
performed by the internal micro-controller. These self-tests are
performed automatically during the power-up or reset process, and
failures are reported with an Error message to the control front panel
display or the remote control terminal.
In addition to the power-up self-tests, the micro-controller performs realtime monitoring of system conditions for abnormalities and failure
indications. The results of this monitoring activity are presented to the
user via the control front panel STATUS and FAULT LED indicators,
the control front panel display, and can be queried with the remote
control commands FC for current faults, and FH for faults stored in
memory.
If a TE30 unit is not operating properly, first check the configuration
settings to be sure they are correct. Next check the fault and status
messages using the front panel, or the FH and FC remote control
commands. Finally, if the unit is suspected to be defective, the following
diagnostic test commands may help identify the problem.
The sequence of remote control commands necessary to run diagnostics
consists of the following:
Command
MC_AUTO_OFF
MC_FLASH_SAVE
RE
Description
Disable auto-initialization
Store the configuration in non-volatile
memory
Reset the system
--- issue any number of diagnostic commands here ---MC_AUTO_ON
MC_FLASH_SAVE
RE
Auto-initialize upon power-up or reset
Store the configuration in non-volatile
memory
Reset the system
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5. Troubleshooting, Self-Test, & Maintenance
The following diagnostic commands can be used to pinpoint faults in the
TE30. If required, Contact Tiernan Communications’ customer service
engineers for assistance.
Diagnostic Command
RD_MC
RD_OC
Description
Master controller memory tests
Output controller register test
Maintenance
TE30 encoders require no periodic or preventative maintenance other
than keeping the cooling fan air intake grills free of obstruction. A free
flow of air must be maintained at the rear and to the sides of the chassis
whenever the unit is operating.
Field Software Upgrades
Refer to Appendix B of this manual for a step-by-step command
sequence used to download software, micro-code, and FieldProgrammable-Gate-Array (FPGA) files - and store them in the nonvolatile memory of the unit.
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Chapter 6. SCPC Control Front Panel Description
Overview
The TE30 front panel controls provide all the features necessary to
configure or monitor the TE30. Another feature of the TE30 control
front panel is the LED indicators. These indicators present system
operational status, and notify the user immediately if an abnormal event
or malfunction occurs.
Control Front Panel Features
The TE30 control front panel consists of:
Push-buttons to support configuration, monitor and fault reporting
An illuminated, 2 line by 24-character LCD display
A numeric keypad
Illuminated power, status and fault alert LEDs
Control Front Panel Operation
The control front panel, shown in Figure 6-1, provides access to various
commands for local control of the TE30. The left side of the front panel
contains an LCD display and several “soft keys” (buttons with functions
defined by the text strings on the LCD display), in addition to
“Previous” and “More” buttons used to scroll through the command
menu. The center of the panel contains a numeric keypad, an “Enter”
push-button, and “Inc”(up)/“Dec”(down) push-buttons. LED indicators
are located on the lower right side of the front panel.
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Figure 6-1. TE30 Control Front Panel
By pushing buttons, the desired command can be shown on the LCD
display. Some commands are used in conjunction with the “Inc”(up)/
“Dec”(down) push-buttons or the numeric keypad to modify parameters,
while other commands just display the operating parameters. These
commands are organized in a combination of command menu lists in the
form of a menu-driven tree structure. Each command is a part of a
command menu list that is part of a tree. This command tree is shown in
Figures 6-2A, 6-2B, and 6-2C.
Command Tree
The command tree is divided into seven main categories: System, Video,
Faults, Audio, Data, Control, Service, Network, Tables, and Version.
The first three categories will appear on the front panel display as soon
as the power-on self test is complete.
System commands are used to set/display the output transport
stream data rate and the associated clock source.
Video commands are used to enable or disable the video, and to
select/display the source, operating mode, resolution, data rate and
the associated MPEG transport PID value.
Faults commands are used to display if the TE30 is experiencing (or
has experienced) an abnormal condition, to clear the fault log and to
reset the fault relay.
Audio commands are used to enable or disable audio, and to
select/display the source, format, data rate, sample rate, delay and
the associated MPEG transport PID values.
Data commands are used to enable or disable the user data, and to
select/display the data rate, clock source and the associated MPEG
transport PID values.
Control commands are used to select a configuration (DVB,NTL),
and to select/display the RS-232 parameters, the clock/date stamp
and to reset the system.
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Service commands are used to select/display the Service ID, and to
display the Service Name and Provider Name.
Network commands are used to select/display the TS ID and the
Network ID, and to display the Network Name.
Tables commands are used to enable or disable MPEG-2/DVB
PSI/SI tables, and to select/display the associated PID values and
repetition intervals.
The Version command displays the software revision of the
encoder.
System
There are two System parameters: Data Rate and Clock Source.
Data Rate is the output transport stream data rate (bps), which must be
set greater than or equal to the sum of the video, audio, user data and
control bit rates. Refer to Chapter 3, SCPC System Issues for
instructions on how to correctly calculate this parameter.
!
Note:
The Data Rate parameter must be set correctly even if Clock Source is
set to external.
Clock Source determines whether an internal (INT) or external (EXT)
reference clock as the source of the output transport clock. Note that if
using the DVB ASI output, the Clock Source must be set to internal.
System Parameter
Data Rate
Clock Source
Range
0 - 1800000
Internal, External
DVB Default
8448000
Internal
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Video
The Video section contains six parameters: Enable, Source, Mode,
Resolution, Data Rate, and PID.
Enable determines whether or not the video data is included in the
output transport stream.
Source selects the input video source to the encoder; Composite or D1
(Serial Digital).
Mode selects the video format: NTSC, PAL or AUTO. AUTO is the
default (and recommended setting). If AUTO is selected, the system will
automatically determine if the input video is NTSC or PAL, and the
Mode parameter will be changed correspondingly.
Resolution selects the picture re-sizing. Normally, the following
resolutions are be available:
AFF 704 (Adaptive Field-Frame, 704x480)
AFF 544 (Adaptive Field-Frame, 544x480)
AFF 480 (Adaptive Field-Frame, 480x480)
AFF 352 (Adaptive Field-Frame, 352x480)
SIF (352x240)
Data Rate selects the compressed video data rate. The units are bits per
second (bps).
PID (Packet ID) is used to set the video stream PID.
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Video Parameter
Enable
Source
Mode
Resolution
Data Rate
PID
6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Range
On, Off
Composite, D1
Auto, NTSC, PAL
AFF 704, AFF 544, AFF 480,
AFF 352, SIF
38400 - 15000000 bps
32 to 8189 (decimal)
DVB Default
On
Composite
Auto
AFF 704
7600000 bps
33
Faults
The Faults section is separated into four categories: Current, History,
Clear and Relay.
Current lists faults that are currently present.
History lists all faults that occurred since the last time the fault history
log was cleared.
Clear is used to clear the fault History log.
Relay is used to reset the fault relay.
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Audio
The Audio section is separated into two sub-sections, Audio_A and
Audio_B. Each of these sub-sections contains seven parameters:
Enable, Source, Format, Data Rate, Sample Rate, Delay, and PID.
Enable determines whether or not the audio data is included in the
output transport stream.
Source selects the input audio source; Analog or AES/EBU Digital.
Format selects the audio compression format; Stereo, Single-Channel,
Dual-Channel, or Joint-Stereo.
Data Rate selects the compressed audio data rate. The units are bits per
second (bps).
Sample Rate selects the audio sample rate. The units are samples per
second (Hz).
Delay selects the compressed audio bit stream buffer delay. This allows
the audio to be delayed a fixed amount time from the video. The delay
value is in units of milliseconds. A value of 0 (zero) is no delay.
PID (Packet ID) is used to set the audio stream PID.
Audio Parameter
Enable
Source
Format
Data Rate
Sample Rate
Delay
PID
Range
On, Off
Analog, AES/EBU
Stereo, Single-Channel, DualChannel, Joint-Stereo
32000 to 384000 bps
32, 44.1, 48 kHz
-1000 to 1000 msec
32 to 8189 (decimal)
DVB Default
On
Analog
Stereo
256000 bps
48 kHz
0 msec
34 (A), 35 (B)
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Data
The Data section is separated into two sub-sections, Data_A and
Data_B. Each of these sub-sections contains four entities: Mux, Intf,
and Sync or Async.
The Mux section determines whether or not the user data is included in
the output transport stream, and is used to set the user data stream PID.
The Intf parameter selects whether the user data is synchronous or
asynchronous.
The Sync (or Async) section is used to select the synchronous (or
asynchronous) mode related parameters.
Data Parameter
Mux: Enable
Mux: PID
Intf
Sync: Data Rate
Sync: Clock Source
Async: Baud
Async: Data/Parity
Async: Stop Bits
Range
On, Off
32 to 8189 (decimal)
Sync, Async
1 to 4096000 bps
Internal, External
1200 to 38400
8/N, 7/N, 7/E, 7/N
1, 1.5, 2
DVB Default
Off
22 (A), 23 (B)
Sync
64000 bps
External
1200
8/N
1
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Control
The Control section are separated into five sub-sections; Init, RS232,
Clock and Reset.
Init is used to change all the parameters to either the DVB or the NTL
default configuration settings. This command is not undoable.
RS232 is used to configure the remote control port. It is sub-divided into
four categories: Baud Rate, Parity and Data.
Baud Rate selects the baud rate.
Parity selects the parity.
Data selects the number of bits per byte.
Note that the number of stop bits is fixed to “1”.
RS-232 Parameter
Baud Rate
Parity
Data
Range
1200, 2400, 4800,
19200, 38400
None, Odd, Even
7, 8
9600,
DVB Default
1200
Odd
7
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Clock is sub-divided into two sections, Day and Time.
Day is used to set the system date. Note that the date is reset to
Day 0 when the TE30 power is turned off.
Time used to set the system time (hh.mm.ss) in military format.
Military format is a 24 hour time that counts hours from 00 to
23, followed by minutes from 00 to 59, and seconds from 00 to
59. Note that this clock is reset to 00:00:00 when the TE30
power is turned off.
Reset reloads all programmable logic and firmware, and restarts the
entire system.
Service
The Service section is separated into three sub-sections; Service ID,
Name, and Provider.
Service ID sets/displays the service ID.
Name displays the Service name. Cannot be modified from the front
panel.
Provider displays the Provider name. Cannot be modified from the front
panel.
Service Parameter
Service ID
Name
Provider
Range
1 to 65535
ASCII String
ASCII String
DVB Default
1
“Service 1”
“Unnamed”
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Network
The Network section is separated into three sub-sections; TS ID,
Network ID, and Name.
TS ID sets/displays the TS ID.
Network ID sets/displays the Network ID.
Name displays the Network Name. Cannot be modified from the front
panel.
Network Parameter
TS ID
Network ID
Name
Range
0 to 65535
0 to 65535
ASCII String
DVB Default
0
0
“MPEG-2 Encoder”
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Tables
The Tables section is separated into seven sub-sections: XMIT, PAT,
PMT, SDT, NIT, EIT, and TDT.
XMIT is used to enable or disable the transmission table information.
PAT is used to enable/disable the transmission of PAT tables, and to
set/display the transmission period.
PMT is used to enable/disable the transmission of PMT tables, and to
set/display the transmission period.
SDT is used to enable/disable the transmission of SDT tables, and to
set/display the transmission period.
NIT is used to enable/disable the transmission of NIT tables, and to
set/display the transmission period.
EIT is used to enable/disable the transmission of EIT tables, and to
set/display the transmission period.
TDT is used to enable/disable the transmission of TDT tables, and to
set/display the transmission period.
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Tables Parameter
XMIT
Enable
PAT
Enable
Interval
PMT
Enable
Interval
PMT PID
PCR PID
SDT
Enable
Interval
NIT
Enable
Interval
PID
EIT
Enable
Interval
TDT
Enable
Interval
6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Range
DVB Default
On, Off
On
On, Off
1 to 4294967295 dsec
On
1 dsec
On, Off
1 to 4294967295 dsec
32-8190
32-8190
On
1 dsec
32
8190
On, Off
1 to 4294967295 dsec
On
15 dsec
On, Off
1 to 4294967295 dsec
Off
15 dsec
On, Off
1 to 4294967295 dsec
Off
15 dsec
On, Off
1 to 4294967295 dsec
Off
100 dsec
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Figure 6-2A. TE30 Control Front Panel Command Tree
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Figure 6-2B. TE30 Control Front Panel Command Tree
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Figure 6-2C. TE30 Control Front Panel Command Tree
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6. SCPC Control Front Panel
Moving Through the Tree
Refer to the TE30 Control Front Panel Command Tree in Figure 6-2, and
the TE30 control front panel. Below and to either side of the LCD
display on the front panel are “soft key” push-buttons. The push-button
to the left of the display, in the shape of an up arrow, is labeled
“Previous.” The push-button to the right of the display, in the shape of a
right arrow, is labeled “More.” Below the display are three rectangular
push-buttons labeled “Select.”
Three commands and a right facing arrow will be visible on the LCD
display. The right facing arrow on the display means that additional
commands are available. Pressing the “More” push-button will scroll
the commands horizontally across the display, right to left, to see the
additional commands not currently visible. Pressing the “Previous”
push-button scrolls the display back, left to right, to view previous
commands.
Pressing the “Select” push-button directly below the desired command
showing in the display will choose that command, and bring you to the
next lower level of the command tree branch illustrated in Figure 6-2.
If the right facing arrow appears on the display along with the desired
command, pressing the “More” push-button allows display and selection
of additional choices related to the current command by moving the
choices horizontally across the display, right to left. Pressing the
“Previous” push-button returns you to the previous choices or previous
level of the tree.
Changing a Configuration Parameter
When a command menu is selected, a command menu category will
appear on the display, and can be viewed or changed as appropriate.
Pressing the “More” push-button will allow the TE30 to scroll down the
command menu list and will “wrap around” or return to the beginning of
the list when the last category of the list is reached.
When a chosen configurable category appears on the display, pressing
the “Select” push-button will cause the category to flash. This means the
category parameter is available for change. Pressing the “Inc”(up)/
“Dec”(down) push-buttons allows the choices for that category to be
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displayed. Pressing the “Enter” push-button when the desired parameter
appears will issue that command to the TE30.
When a category requires numerical input, the “Inc”(up)/“Dec”(down)
push-buttons provide incremental changes, while the keypad provides
precise entry of numbers and values. When the desired change is
correctly entered and the display is flashing, the “Enter” push-button
may be pressed to issue the new parameter.
To leave a command without modifying the parameter, press either the
“Previous” or “More” push-button.
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Display Format
The display shows command entries in the following format, except for
error messages (faults) and special information:
System Menu
Data Rate = 9000000
This example shows the data rate frequency from the System Menu, and
indicates the system data rate is 9 MHz. The right facing arrow indicates
additional system menu options are available by pressing the “More”
push-button.
Control Front Panel Command Example
Example 1:
The following sequence changes the User Data Rate configuration
parameter through the TE30 control front panel. All command
sequences assume the user begins from the top menu structure. To reach
the top menu structure, press the “previous” push-button repeatable.
Press the “More” push-button until Data appears on the display
Press the “Select” push-button under Data
Data_A and Data_B will appear on the display
Press the “Select” push-button under Data_A
Enable will appear on the display
Press the “More” push-button to advance down the tree, until Data
Rate appears on the display
Once the Data Rate category appears on the display, use the
“Select” push-button to highlight the parameter (Parameter will flash
when selected)
Use the “Inc”(up)/“Dec”(down) push-buttons to scroll through the
variables for that parameter, or enter the numeric data using the
keypad, then press “Enter”
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Example 2:
The following sequence changes the Video Enable configuration
parameter through the TE30 control front panel:
If needed, press the “More” push-button until Video appears on the
display
Press the “Select” push-button under Video
Enable will appear on the display
Once the Enable category appears on the display, use the “Select”
push-button to highlight the parameter (Parameter will flash when
selected)
Press the “Select” push-button again, or use the “Inc”(up)/
“Dec”(down) push-buttons to toggle the video enable to the desired
configuration (on or off), then press “Enter”
LED Indicators
The TE30 3 LED indicators - STATUS (green), FAULT (red), and
POWER (green) - have the following states and suggested actions.
STATUS
on
off
FAULT
off
on
POWER
on
off
Unit is operating correctly, no current faults
detected
Current faults are present.
No catastrophic faults are present, fault
relay is open.
Catastrophic fault present, fault relay is
closed.
the unit is powered on
the unit is powered off
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Chapter 7. SCPC Remote Control
Chapter Overview
This chapter describes the remote control commands that can be issued
to the TE30 via a compatible remote control device. ASCII characters
are assembled to form command strings. These command strings can be
used to configure, control, and monitor the TE30.
Remote Control Device and TE30 Remote Control Port
A compatible remote control device is an ASCII computer terminal, a
personal computer, or any other control device capable of asynchronous
communications. The TE30 remote control port supports RS-232
electrical levels. For details on the remote control port connector pinout
and electrical levels, refer to Chapter 8, SCPC External System
Connections.
Remote Communications Protocol
The TE30 supports an ASCII character based protocol. ASCII protocol
is provided for use with character based computer terminals. These
terminals issue an asynchronous ASCII character to the TE30 each time
a keyboard key is pressed, and the TE30 echoes the character back to the
terminal for display on the screen (full duplex operation).
Remote Control Configuration
The default remote control port configuration is RS-232 electrical, 1200
baud rate, 8 data / no parity, and 1 stop bit. The configuration can be
changed if necessary.
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Typical Remote Control Port Configurations
ASCII protocol is typically used with a computer running a terminal
emulator program. For this application the computer serial port is
connected to a single TE30 RS-232 remote control interface with a 9-pin
direct connection.
Remote Control Command Format
ASCII protocol commands are typically entered at the keyboard of a
remote control terminal and sent to the TE30. Keystrokes are echoed by
the TE30 back to the terminal display. Once entered with a carriage
return, the commands are processed by the TE30; the selected functions
are executed; and the results are displayed on the screen of the remote
control terminal.
The TE30 issues a prompt (>) to the remote control terminal display
when it is ready to accept command character entries. To enter an ASCII
protocol command in response to a prompt, the following format rules
must be considered.
Each command starts with a command abbreviation (called a command
“mnemonic”), and may be followed by various parameters that further
specify the command. The space character is used to separate, or
delimit, parameters within one command string. Each command string is
terminated with a carriage return. For example, to select the audio analog
L&R input in the TE30 the following command string is issued:
AEA<SP>SRC<SP>ANALOG<CR>
The term <CR> means the keyboard CARRIAGE RETURN (Enter key)
is to be pressed. The term <SP> means the keyboard SPACE BAR is to
be pressed. For clarity of presentation, commands often appear in the
text portions of this manual with an underscore (_) instead of the <SP>
symbol, and with the <CR> omitted. For example, the above audio
analog input command may appear as AEA_SRC_ANALOG.
Some command parameters are ASCII characters and some are
numerical, depending on the command mnemonic.
Numerical
parameters are typically decimal, and have limited ranges or values.
ASCII character parameters are typically fixed-length strings and include
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only certain ASCII character entries. These restrictions are command
specific, and are detailed in an alphabetical command description list that
appears later in this chapter.
Characters issued via the remote control port are buffered by the TE30
until the command terminator is detected (this allows support of special
keys, for example, <BACKSPACE>). Error status is returned in
response to any command that cannot be executed (in ASCII string
format).
Saving Configuration in Non-Volatile Memory
The TE30 contains a bank of non-volatile memory (flash) that is used to
store firmware, software, hardware configuration files, and unit
configuration parameters. Using the remote control commands listed
later in this chapter, the TE30 can be configured for various operating
modes and applications. Issuing these commands changes the current
operating mode or configuration of the TE30, however the stored
parameter settings are not automatically updated to reflect the current
settings. Once the current configuration settings have been verified
operational, and need to be stored in non-volatile memory, the
<<MC
FLASH SAVE>> command must be issued. This command causes the
current parameters to be saved and restored upon TE30 reset or powerup.
Note: This command is necessary only if changing parameters using the
remote control. All parameter changes made using the front panel are
automatically stored in non-volatile memory.
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Command Error Codes
Normal command execution results in a prompt (>) character returned by
TE30 to the remote control without any error messages. For various
reasons, the TE30 may respond to a command with an error message
response. An error message indicates that the command request was not
carried out by the TE30. The error message format is one of the
following strings followed by a <CR>. “Error #” is included for
reference only and is not currently displayed in the error message
communications.
Error #
0
-1
1
2
3
5
Message String
>
Error
Format Error
Parameter Error
Not Supported
Access Denied
Explanation
Successful Command Execution
Command Execution Unsuccessful
Improper Command Entry
Invalid Command Parameter
Unrecognized Command String
Password Protected Command
Table 7-1. Command Error Messages
Error
The TE30 was unable to execute the requested command. This is a
summary error, which may indicate a hardware failure or configuration
abnormality. Upon occurrence of this error, repeat the requested
command. If the command still results in an Error message, check the
configuration of the unit and repeat the command. If the command is
still not executed, reset the unit and attempt the command again.
Format Error
This message indicates that the command string was entered with extra
characters or in an improper order. Most commonly, an extra space
character is entered after the last command field, but before the carriage
return. Re-enter the command at the terminal in response to this
message.
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Parameter Error
This message indicates that the parameter was not recognized by the
TE30. A numerical parameter may be out of range, or an ASCII
character string parameter did not match any of the available options for
the command. In response to this message, check the parameter value
versus the valid entries listed with the command in the alphabetical
command listing provided later in this chapter.
Not Supported
This message indicates that the requested command does not match any
valid TE30 command string. Review the alphabetical command listing
later in this chapter to be sure the requested command is being entered
correctly.
Access Denied
This message indicates that the command is password protected and not
accessible. Password protected commands are intended for factory
configuration, diagnostics, and other field support functions.
Command Queries
TE30 command parameters can be interrogated using the functional
block mnemonics listed in the following section. A summary of the
configuration settings is presented in response to the functional block
mnemonic of interest. For example, the Video Encoder array has a
number of parameters that may be set, including compressed video
output rate. The following command sets the rate to 7.9 MBPS
VE<SP>BR<SP>7900000<CR>
The following command returns the entire Video Encoder configuration:
VE<CR>
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Remote Fault Monitoring and Reporting
The TE30 continually monitors for operational fault conditions that may
require a change in parameters or system operating configuration, as well
as internal hardware faults that may require hardware service. For
example, operational fault conditions include missing or invalid input
signals, unexpected input data format and power interruptions. Internal
hardware faults include FIFO overflow or underflow conditions.
Current Fault Monitoring
Current fault monitoring is the real time reporting of TE30 current fault
conditions. Since current fault conditions are reported real time, only
conditions that are present at the time of a current fault query are
reported, regardless of what conditions have existed in the past.
For reporting the current faults, the FC remote control command is used
Faults are reported in ASCII string format, with a functional block
designator mnemonic (e.g. VE for Video Encoder), followed by a fault
descriptor. The functional block designators are listed in the following
table.
Mnemonic
AEA
AEB
MC
VE
Functional Block
Audio Encoder Channel A
Audio Encoder Channel B
Master Controller
Video Encoder
Table 7-2. TE30 Functional Block Mnemonics
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The fault descriptor list is presented in the following table, with a brief
description of the potential cause of the fault.
Fault #
1
Fault Descriptor
Bus Fault
Explanation
Internal
communication
bus access fault
Input to FIFO has
stopped
FIFO input rate
exceeds output
rate
FIFO output rate
exceeds input rate
2
FIFO Idle
3
FIFO Overflow
4
FIFO Underflow
5
Hardware Fault
6
Illegal Interrupt
7
Initialization
Functional block
initialization failure
8
Input Invalid
Unrecognized
input
9
Input Signal Loss
No input signal
detected
10
Missing File
Requested file not
found in file
system
Abnormal
hardware
condition detected
Undefined Master
Controller Interrupt
Possible Cause
Software interrupt or
micro-code timing
conflict
No video or audio
input
Output clock too
slow, or input clock
too fast
Output clock too fast,
or input clock too
slow
Hardware failure or
incorrect
configuration
Incompatible
hardware, software,
configuration
Corrupted
configuration files, or
hardware failure
Improper input format
or incorrect
configuration
Missing input signal
or incorrect
configuration
Incorrect, corrupted,
or incomplete flash
memory
Table 7-3. Fault Descriptor Strings
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For example, the following display may be returned in response to an FC
query:
Current Faults
-------------------------------------------------VE, FIFO Idle
This message indicates that the Video Encoder First-In-First-Out (FIFO)
buffer is not being written to or being read from, thus video is not
moving through the system.
Fault History and Logging
Fault reporting consists of notifying the user when the TE30 fault events
occur, and “remembering” these fault events that have occurred. Unlike
the real time fault monitoring function, the fault reporting and logging
mechanism has memory. Once a fault event is detected, it is reported to
the user and stored in memory.
For monitoring the fault history, the FH remote control command is used
The response to a fault history query is similar to that of the current fault
query presented in the previous section. Faults are reported in ASCII
string format, with a time tag, followed by a functional block designator
mnemonic (e.g. VE for Video Encoder), and ending in a fault descriptor.
The functional block designators are table listed in the preceding Current
Fault section, as well as the fault descriptors.
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For example, the following display may be returned in response to an FH
query:
Fault History
-------------------------------------------------15:23:17 day 0, VE, FIFO Overflow
Note that 20 repeated occurrences of the same fault condition will be
logged and reported by the fault history mechanism. If a fault event is
detected more than 20 times, subsequent occurrences are discarded for
logging and reporting purposes.
Event Time Tagging
The TE30 maintains an internal run-time clock, which starts at time
00:00:00 and day 0 at power-up or reset. This clock is used to time-tag
faults and other events to aid in diagnosing system problems and
monitoring system performance. Refer to the TI remote control
command explanation in the alphabetical command list for details on this
feature. The time can be set to real-time using this remote control
command, which allows a real-time correlation of events directly.
Remember, however, that the time resets to 00:00:00 and day 0 upon
reset or power-up, since the TE30 does not have a battery backed time
clock.
Fault Relay
The Form-C fault relay is a real time indicator for specific fault
conditions. The relay contacts are passive. A “Form C” relay has a
common contact (C) and two other contacts (A and B). The common
contact C is connected to A and not to B, normally. The common contact
C is connected to B and not A when the relay is indicating a catastrophic
fault condition. A power failure, or a detected corrupted transport stream
output will cause a catastrophic fault condition. A catastrophic fault
condition corresponds to the red FAULT LED being illuminated. The
fault relay can be reset from the front panel or by using the remote
control command FR NOFAULT.
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Functional Command Listing
The TE30 remote control command structure is functionally hierarchical,
commonly known as a tree structure. Each command consists of a string
of mnemonics and parameters separated by spaces. The string starts with
a mnemonic that abbreviates the TE30 functional block of interest (e.g.
VE represents the Video Encoder block), followed by a space and a
mnemonic that abbreviates the operating characteristic of interest (e.g.
BR represents the compressed output Bit Rate), etc.
Each operating characteristic can be represented as a number as well as
an ASCII string. Either can be entered with the command to configure or
query the TE30. These numerical indexes as well as the ASCII string
equivalents are presented in the command listing that follows.
A complete listing of TE30 remote control commands are sorted and
presented in functional block order. Each entry is augmented with all
hierarchical levels of parameters and settings supported by the functional
block.
Boldface indicates the DVB Default value.
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AEA
SRC
ANALOG
AESEBU
SFORMAT
STEREO
JSTEREO
DCHNL
MCHNL
SRATE
Displays audio A configuration
Displays audio A source
Analog
Digital
Displays audio A format
Stereo pair compressed independently
Stereo pair compressed jointly
Two independent audio channels
Single audio channel (mono)
Displays audio A sample rate (kSps)
32
44.1
48
BR
DELAY
Displays audio A data rate (bps)
32000 to 384000 Refer to Table 10-4
256000
Displays audio A stream buffer delay in
milliseconds
-1000 to 1000
0
These commands are used to configure Audio Encoder Channel A.
32 kbit/sec
48 kbit/sec
56 kbit/sec
64 kbit/sec
80 kbit/sec
96 kbit/sec
112 kbit/sec
128 kbit/sec
160 kbit/sec
192 kbit/sec
224 kbit/sec
256 kbit/sec
320 kbit/sec
384 kbit/sec
Table 7-4. Available Audio Data Rates
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AEB
SRC
ANALOG
AESEBU
SFORMAT
STEREO
JSTEREO
DCHNL
MCHNL
SRATE
Displays audio B configuration
Displays audio B source
Analog
Digital
Displays audio B format
Stereo pair compressed independently
Stereo pair compressed jointly
Two independent audio channels
Single audio channel (mono)
Displays audio B sample rate (kSps)
32
44.1
48
BR
Displays audio B data rate (bps)
32000 to 384000 Refer to Table 10-4
256000
Displays audio B stream buffer delay in
milliseconds
-1000 to 1000
0
DELAY
These commands are used to configure Audio Encoder Channel B.
DV
AEA
AEB
MC
VE
Displays TE30 software version
Displays audio encoder channel A software version
Displays audio encoder channel B software version
Displays system configuration information
Displays video encoder software version
These commands are used to display system configuration information.
FC
Fault Current
This command displays current system faults.
FH
0
Display fault history log
Clear fault history log
These commands are used to display and clear the fault history log.
FR
Displays the fault relay status
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NOFAULT
FAULT
Clears the fault relay
Sets the fault relay
These commands are used to display and control the fault relay.
FS
Display video and audio FIFO status
This command displays the video and audio FIFO (First-In-First-Out
buffer) levels.
Refer to Chapter 11, System Diagnostics for
information on interpreting and using this command.
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MC
Displays the Master Controller configuration
RS232
BAUD
Displays the baud rate
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
PARITY
N
O
E
DATA
Displays the parity
None
Odd
Even
Displays the number of data bits
7
8
DUPLEX
Displays if Half or Full duplex
HALF
FULL
FLOW
SOFT
HARD
Displays the Flow Control
Software XON/XOFF
Hardware RTS/CTS
FLASH
SAVE
DVB
NTL
Save configuration into flash memory
Load DVB configuration into flash memory
Load NTL configuration into flash memory
Display if auto-initialize is enabled
Disable power-up auto-initialize
Enable power-up auto-initialize
AUTO
OFF
ON
This command controls the TE30 master controller functions.
RE
System reset
This command resets the entire TE30, reloads all programmable logic,
reloads all programmable firmware, and restarts the entire system. All
configuration parameters return to the last saved parameter set stored in
non-volatile (flash) memory.
SS
System Status
This command collects and presents the entire system status, along with
the configuration versions of each active system block. Refer to Chapter
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3, SCPC System Issues for information on interpreting and using this
command.
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TAB
INTERVAL
EIT
1 to 65535
15
NIT
1 to 65535
15
PAT
1 to 65535
1
PMT
1 to 65535
1
SDT
1 to 65535
15
TDT
1 to 65535
100
Displays the output period of the Event
Information Table (EIT) in deci-seconds.
Enter the period
Displays the output period of the Network
Information Table (NIT) in deci-seconds.
Enter the period
Displays the output period of the
Program Association Table (PAT) in deciseconds.
Enter the period
Displays the output period of the
Program Map Table (PMT) in deciseconds.
Enter the period
Displays the output period of the Service
Description Table (SDT) in deci-seconds.
Enter the period
Displays the output period of the Time
and Date Table (TDT) in deci-seconds.
Enter the period
NIT
CC
Displays the FEC Convolution Code rate.
1/1
½
2/3
¾
5/6
7/8
MOD
Displays the satellite modulation type.
QPSK
NAME
<string>
“MPEG-2
ENCODER”
NETID
0 to 65535
0
POL
HOR
VER
LEFT
RIGHT
SATFREQ
Displays the network name.
Enter the network name
Displays the Network ID.
Enter the ID
Displays the carrier polarization.
Linear-horizontal
Linear-vertical
Circular-left
Circular-right
Displays the Satellite Frequency in GHz.
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###.#####
011.75725
SATPOS
###.#
019.2
SR
###.####
005.5002
WESTFLG
Enter the frequency
Displays the Satellite Orbital Position in
degrees.
Enter the position
Displays the Symbol Rate in Msym/sec.
Enter the Symbol Rate
Displays the Satellite Orbital Position
EAST
WEST
PAT
PROGNUM
0 to 65535
1
TSID
0 to 65535
0
Displays the Program Number for the
PAT. Also used in the EIT, PMT, SDT.
Enter the Program Number
Displays the Transport Stream ID for the
PAT. Also used in the EIT, NIT, SDT.
Enter the ID
PID
AUDIOA
#
34
AUDIOB
#
35
NIT
#
16
PCR
#
8190
Displays the PID for the audio A stream.
Enter the PID
Displays the PID for the audio A stream.
Enter the PID
Displays the PID for the Network
Information Table (NIT).
Enter the PID
Displays the PID for the Program Clock
Reference (PCR).
Enter the PID
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PMT
#
32
UDA
#
22
UDB
#
23
VIDEO
#
33
Display the PID for the Program Map
Table (PMT).
Enter the PID
Display the PID for the User Data A
stream.
Enter the PID
Display the PID for the User Data B
stream.
Enter the PID
Display the PID for the video stream.
Enter the PID
SDT
PROVIDER
<string>
“Unnamed”
NAME
<string>
“Service 1”
Display the Service Provider Name.
Enter the Service Provider Name
Display the Service Name.
Enter the Service Name
TRANSMIT
AUDIOA
Display if Audio A stream transmission
enabled
OFF
ON
AUDIOB
Display if Audio B stream transmission
enabled
OFF
ON
UDA
Display if User Data A stream
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
UDB
Display if User Data B stream
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
VIDEO
Display if Video stream transmission
enabled
OFF
ON
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EIT
Display if Event Information Table
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
NIT
Display if Network Information Table
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
PAT
Display if Program Association Table
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
PMT
Display if Program Map Table
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
SDT
Display if Service Description Table
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
TDT
Display if Time and Data Table
transmission enabled
OFF
ON
These commands are used to configure the transport stream source
contribution. Contribution sources can be enabled or disabled, depending
on the desired transport stream structure.
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TTM
7. SCPC Remote Control
Displays transport stream component information
CLK
EXT
1000000 to
18000000
Selects external clock source for the transport stream.
Only valid for RS-422 mode
1000000 to
18000000
8448000
Selects internal clock source for the transport stream
INT
These commands control the output transport stream clock source and
frequency.
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TI
00 - 23:
00 - 59:
00 - 59
1 to 365
Displays the time/date information
Numerical hour parameter
Numerical minute parameter
Numerical seconds parameter
Numerical day parameter
This command allows setting and query of the TE30 internal run-time
clock in "military" format.
Example(s):
TI<SP>13:42:06<CR>
- set time clock to 1:42:06 PM
TI<SP>13:42:06<SP>0<CR> - set time clock to 1:42:06 PM, day 0
TI<CR>
- displays the current TE30 time clock
UDA
Displays the Data A parameters
INTF
PHYS
SYNC
ASYNC
SYNC
PHYS
DATARATE
32000 - 2048000
64000
CLKSRC
Internal/External
ASYNC
PHYS
BAUD
1200, 2400,..,
38400
DATA
8/N, 7/O, 7/E
STOPBITS
1,2
These commands are used to configure User Data Channel A.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
7. SCPC Remote Control
UDB
Displays the Data A parameters
INTF
PHYS
SYNC
ASYNC
SYNC
PHYS
DATARATE
32000 - 2048000
64000
CLKSRC
Internal/External
ASYNC
PHYS
BAUD
1200, 2400,..,
38400
DATA
8/N, 7/O, 7/E
STOPBITS
1,2
These commands are used to configure User Data Channel B.
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7. SCPC Remote Control
VE
SRC
D1
COMP
BR
1000000 - 15000000
7600000
RES
A704
A544
A480
A352
SIF
MODE
NTSC
PAL
PES
OFF
ON
AUTO
OFF
ON
SRES
Display the Video Encoder
parameters
Display the video input source
D1 serial digital component input
Composite analog input
Display the output compressed video
data rate (bps)
Enter the data rate
Display the pixel and line sample
resolution
704 pixels by 480 (NTSC) / 576
(PAL) lines (adaptive field/frame
encoding)
544 pixels by 480 (NTSC) / 576 (PAL)
lines (adaptive field/frame encoding)
480 pixels by 480 (NTSC) / 576 (PAL)
lines (adaptive field/frame encoding)
352 pixels by 480 (NTSC) / 576 (PAL)
lines (adaptive field/frame encoding)
352 pixels by 240 (NTSC) / 288 (PAL)
lines (MPEG-1 encoding)
Display the video format
Select NTSC format
Select PAL format
Display if Packetized elementary
stream format is enabled
PES off, elementary stream out
PES format enabled
Display if video auto format detect is
enable
disable
enable
Display the supported video
resolutions
These commands are used to configure the Video Encoder operating
parameters
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Chapter 8. SCPC External System Connections
Chapter Overview
This chapter describes the external connections for a TE30 configured
for SCPC operation (TTM-2000/RA installed). All external connections
are located on the rear panel as shown in Figure 8-1.
Because of the modular architecture of the TE30, many different
connector configurations are possible, depending on the input/output
modules installed. External connections for other input/output modules
can be found in Chapter 10, Options.
The following paragraphs provide electrical specifications, physical
pinouts, and functional descriptions for the rear panel connectors.
!
Note:
Some of the TE30 modules have LED indicators visible through holes in
the sides and rear panel filler plates. These indicators are used by
factory technicians during the production process, and are not used
during normal TE30 operation. They may be on, off, or blinking. These
indicators should be ignored by TE30 users.
Figure 8-1. Rear Panel of a base TE30 Encoder
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Rear Panel Connectors
The TE30 rear panel is configured with an air intake cooling fan vent on
the right, the AC power supply interface just left of the fan, and the
Encoder CCA connectors on the left.
AC Power Supply Interface
The rear panel AC power supply interface includes an ON/OFF (1/0)
power switch, a cooling fan vent, and the following power connection:
Location
Power
Connector
Connections
IEC 320 Power Cord Receptacle, male
The AC power supply is auto ranging for input levels from
90 to 264 VAC at frequencies of 47 to 63 Hz.
Note: The AC wiring must be done in accordance with
governmental standards and codes in effect at the TE30
installation site.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Location
AC Power
Cords
Connections
The TE30 shipping kit includes two AC power cords.
One cord has an IEC compatible female plug on one end
and a North American male plug on the other. This cord
is UL and CSA approved up to 125 VAC at 10A. This
cord is ready to use with no user wiring required.
The second cord has an IEC compatible female plug on
one end and three stripped and tinned bare wires on the
other end. This cord is for international applications, and
is approved by many international safety agencies,
including VDE, up to 250 VAC at 6A. This cord wire
complies with the following international color code:
Line:
Brown
Neutral: Blue
Ground: Green/Yellow
CAUTION! If an unterminated power cord is supplied
with the unit, the appropriate certified termination plug
must be installed. The required certifying agencies for
some countries are listed here.
If the color code described does not correspond to the
colored markings identifying the terminals in your plug,
proceed as follows:
1) The green and yellow wire must be connected to the
terminal in the plug marked by the letter E or by the
earth symbol
, or colored green and yellow.
2) The blue wire must be connected to the terminal
marked with the letter N or colored black.
3) The brown wire must be connected to the terminal
marked with the letter L or colored red.
Certifying Agencies by Country
Country Agency Country Agency
Australia SAA
Japan MITI
Austria OVE
Nether. KEMA
Belgium CEBEC New
SECV
Canada CSA
Zealand SECQ
Denmark
DEMKO
SEMKO
Finland FEI
EANSW
France UTE
ETSA
Germany
VDE
BSI
Country Agency
Norway NEMKO
Rep of SABS
So. Africa
Spain
AEE
SECWA Sweden
Switz.
United
HECT
SEV
ASTA
Kingdom
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8. SCPC External System Connections
Video Input Ports (J5/J6)
The TE30 has two (2) separate input video ports located on the right side
of the Encoder CCA filler plate. These connectors are J5 and J6, and are
described below:
J5 DIGITAL
This female BNC connector, with 75 ohm input impedance, accepts a D1
serial digital video input that is format compliant with SMPTE-259M.
The connector shell is connected to signal ground. This input is expected
to be 270 MBPS, with 10 bit ITU-R Rec. BT.601 sampled video in 4:2:2
(YCbCr) component format, as per ITU-R Rec. BT.656.
J6 COMPOSITE
This female BNC connector, with 75 ohm input impedance, accepts a
composite analog video input that is 1.0 Vpp nominal level. The
composite analog video input must be compliant with EIA/TIA-250-C
(NTSC) or ITU-R Rec. BT.567-3 (PAL). The connector shell is
connected to signal ground.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Audio Input Ports (J3/J4)
The TE30 has two (2) separate input audio ports located in the center of
the Encoder CCA filler plate. These connectors are J3 and J4, and are
described below:
J3 AUDIO A
This male DB-9 connector provides balanced analog inputs with a 10k
ohm input impedance. The clipping level is +18 dBu (optional +12dBu).
This connector also accepts AES/EBU format serial digital audio input
that is compliant with ANSI AES3-1992 (ANSI S4.40-1992)
recommendations.
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6-7
8
9
Signal
Aud_L+
Aud_LAESEBU+
Aud_R+
Aud_RGND
AESEBUGND
Direction
input
input
input
input
input
input
Table 8-1. J3 AUDIO A Connector Pin Assignment
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
J4 AUDIO B
This male DB-9 connector provides balanced analog inputs with a 10k
ohm impedance. The clipping level is +18 dBu (optional +12dBu. This
connector also accepts AES/EBU format serial digital audio input that is
compliant with ANSI AES3-1992 (ANSI S4.40-1992) recommendations.
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6-7
8
9
Signal
Aud_L+
Aud_LAESEBU+
Aud_R+
Aud_RGND
AESEBUGND
Direction
input
input
input
input
input
input
Table 8-2. J4 AUDIO B Connector Pin Assignment
Audio Input Cable Definitions
The following cable chart shows the connections for the DB-9 to XLRfemale cable provided in the TE30 shipping kit.
TE30 Analog
Audio
L+
LGND
DB-9 female,
pin number
1
2
XLR female,
pin number
2
3
Left Channel
Signal Name
L+
2
L-
6
1
GND
Right Channel
Signal Name
R+
RGND
4
5
9
XLR female,
pin number
2
3
1
GND
Both
XLR Shells are
Grounded
1
3
XLR-female
R+
RGND
Table 8-3. DB-9 to XLR-female Analog Audio Input Adapter Cable
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Ethernet (J2)
This Ethernet connector is an RJ-45 connector.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
RS-232 Remote Control Port (J1)
The RS-232 remote control port is a female DB-9 connector located on
the left of the Encoder CCA filler plate. This connector, labeled J1
Remote Control, provides the RS-232 signals that interface the TE30 to
the remote control device, typically a computer terminal or control
computer (shipped in the cable kit TPN 055-003610-001).
Communications between the TE30 and the control device is full-duplex
asynchronous serial. For details on baud rate and parity configuration for
the port, refer to Chapter7 , SCPC Remote Control.
Note that this connector is DTE, thus requiring a Null Modem Adapter if
using a straight through cable.
J1 REMOTE CONTROL RS-232 Interface
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CTS
DCD
DSR
RTS
RXD
TXD
Signal
DCD
RXD
TXD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
Clear to Send
Carrier Detect
Data Set Ready
Request to Send
Receive Data
Transmit Data
Direction
input
input
output
output
input
output
input
input
RS-232 Signaling
RS-232 Signaling
RS-232 Signaling
RS-232 Signaling
RS-232 Receive Data
RS-232 Transmit Data
Table 8-4. J1 Remote Control RS-232 Interface Connector Pin Assignments
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Fault Relay Port (J8)
The fault relay port is a RJ-45 connector located on the left of the Encoder CCA filler
plate. This connector, labeled J8 Fault Relay, provides 3 connections to a form-C status
relay. This relay indicates a non-normal or fault condition when power is off. A power
failure, power switch turned off, or unplugged unit is defined as a non-normal or fault
condition. This condition is indicated by contact closure between pins 1 and 3, and an
open between pins 1 and 6.
J8 FAULT RELAY Interface
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6
Relay Contact
Common
N/C
Normally closed
N/C
N/C
Normally open
Table 8-5. J8 Fault Relay Connector Pin Assignments
Pin 1
Pin 6
FIG11_4.CDR
Figure 8-2. J8 Fault Relay RJ-45 Connector Physical Pin Diagram
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
User Data Inputs (J20)
The serial user data ports provide the input of synchronous (EIA422/449) user data via a DB-15HD connector. Each data port must be
provided with data and a corresponding clock. For data channel A, the
data is supplied on the differential signal pair SDA+ and SDA-. The
corresponding clock must be supplied on the differential signal pair
TTA+ and TTA. Refer to Appendix A for a more complete description
of RS422 signals. The pinout of the connector is:
J20
PINS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
SDA
SDB
STA
STB
TTA
TTB
SIGNAL
TTASDA+
STA+
SDB+
TTA+
TTB+
SDASTAGND
TTBGND
STB+
STBSDBNC
DATA A/B (RS-422)
DIRECTION
input
input
output
input
input
input
input
output
input
output
output
input
-
Send Data A
Transport Data A
Send Data B
Transport Data B
Send Timing A
Clock output for Data A channel
Send Timing B
Clock output for Data B channel
Terminal Timing A Clock input for Data A channel
Terminal Timing B Clock input for Data B channel
Table 8-6. Pin assignment on the J20 DB-15HD female connector
Figure 8-3. J20 DB-15HD Connector Pin Configuration
(Mating Connector is a AMP P/N 748364-1 or Equiv.)
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
8. SCPC External System Connections
Transport Stream Output (J22/J23)
J22 DVB ASI
The DVB ASI Transport Stream Output provides a DVB compliant
interface on a female BNC connector that supports data rates up to 18
Mbits/sec.
J23 RS-422
The RS422 Transport Stream Output provides a synchronous EIA422/449 electrical interface that supports data rates up to 18 Mbits/sec.
The interface consists of three signal pairs: clock, data, and terminal
ready (TR) signaling. Refer to Appendix A for a more complete
description of RS-422 signals.
J22
PINS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
SD
TR
TT
ST
Send Data
Terminal Ready
Terminal Timing
Send Timing
SIGNAL
SDST+
TR+
NC
NC
SD+
STTRGND
NC
TTTT+
NC
NC
GND
OUTPUT (RS-422)
DIRECTION
output
input
output
output
input
output
output
output
-
Transmit Data
Signaling
Clock Output from TTM-2000/RA
Clock Input
Table 8-7. Pin assignment on the J22 DB-15HD fem. connector
Figure 8-4. J22 DB-15HD Connector Pin Configuration
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
Chapter 9 - MCPC Configuration and Operation
Chapter Overview
For MCPC (Multiple Channels Per Carrier) operation, the TE30 is
normally configured with a TTX-2000/A DVB Multi-Program Transport
Multiplexer output module. This chapter presents all the information
required for operating the TE30 in a MCPC application. It is assumed
that the user has read and understands the information presented for
SCPC operation. Only the differences between SCPC and MCPC
operation is presented in this chapter.
Also presented in this chapter is a description of the redundant mode of
operation available for a TE30 when equipped with a TTX-2000/A.
MCPC Functional Description
The TTX-2000/A DVB Multi-Program Transport Multiplexer output
module combines the locally generated MPEG-2 video, audio and
control streams into a single high-speed DVB compliant local transport
stream. In addition, the TTX-2000/A adds the ability to multiplex this
locally generated DVB transport stream with an external DVB transport
stream, the output being the composite DVB transport stream, complete
with system timing and buffer control information.
The TTX-2000/A provides to the user the exact amount of multiplexing
capability required, with no additional rack space required. In addition,
the TTX-2000/A allows for 1:N redundant operation.
The TTX-2000/A is inherently fail-safe. In the event of a failure, through
the use of passive bypass relays the TTX-2000/A removes itself from the
transport stream, thus minimizing transmission disruption.
The external interfaces to the TTX-2000/A include a user data input port
supporting two channels of synchronous or asynchronous user data, one
DVB transport stream input port and two DVB transport stream output
ports. The TTX-2000/A block diagram is provided in Figure 9-1. The
external connectors are shown in Figure 9-2. The external transport
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
stream is received through a DVB-ASI interface and the multiplexed
transport stream is output through a DVB-ASI. A second DVB-ASI
output is provided for redundant configurations and monitoring purposes.
The TE30 internal interface provides the TTX-2000/A with PES input
streams (i.e. video and audio) and control information that are combined
with externally supplied user data to form the multiplexed local transport
stream. The TE30 interface also provides the system time clock used by
the TTX-2000/A to time stamp the various streams according to the
MPEG-2 specifications. The TE30 remote control port supports the
various TTX-2000/A monitor and control functions via the internal
control interface.
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LOCAL
SYSTEM
TIME
LOCAL
CLOCK
LOCAL
USER
DATA
INPUT
USER
DATA
INTERFACE
LOCAL
PES
INPUT
LOCAL
INTERPROCESSOR
COMMUNICATION
EXTERNAL
RS-422 INPUT
PES
INPUT
INTERFACE
PES
DETECT
FIFO
PES
DETECT
FIFO
LOCAL
TRANSPORT
PACKET
ROUTER
FIFO
Control
Data CPU
FIFO
EXTERNAL
TRANSPORT
PACKET
ROUTER
FIFO
TRANSPORT FORMAT AND MUX
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
FIFO
TRANSPORT PACKET MUX
TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
OUTPUT
TTX2KRBD.FH5
Figure 9-1. TTX-2000/A Functional Block Diagram
Figure 9-2. TTX-2000/A External Connections, Rear Panel
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MCPC System Issues
Local and Multiplexed transport stream output rates
The Local and Multiplexed transport stream output rates are individually
programmed. The Local transport stream output rate controls the data
rate of the transport stream generated from the combined video, audio
and control streams from the E30 motherboard and the user data streams
from the TTX-2000/A. This rate must be set high enough to carry the
components that comprise the locally generated service.
The Multiplexed transport stream output rate must be set high enough to
carry all components in both the local and the external transport streams.
Null transport packets are stripped out of both the Local and External
streams at the input. Null transport packets are reinserted into the output
transport stream as necessary to maintain a continuous output.
In a typical MCPC system the Multiplexed transport stream output rate
will be equal or greater than the Local transport stream output rate. The
Local transport stream output rate is programmable from 1 Mbps to 18
Mbps, which is sufficient for a single service. The Multiplexed transport
stream output rate is programmable from 1 Mbps to 70 Mbps, which
allows enough bandwidth to carry multiple services.
If either the Local or Multiplexed output rates are set too low there will
not be enough bandwidth to carry the non-null components of the
transport stream. This will result in FIFO overflows somewhere in the
system.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
PSI/SI Tables
MPEG-2 defined PSI control tables and DVB defined SI control tables
from the local and external transport streams are routed to an onboard
CPU which combines the tables for retransmission. The onboard CPU
automatically combines these tables into a single set of tables that
properly describes the multiplexed transport stream output. The input
streams are monitored for PID conflicts. If a PID conflict between a
local and an external component is detected the local component is remapped to an unused PID and the PSI/SI tables are modified to reflect
the change. Similarly, if a conflict in service numbers is detected, the
local service number is re-mapped to an unused value and the output
PSI/SI tables are modified to reflect that change.
PCR Jitter Correction
The PCR’s (Program Clock Reference) in both the Local and
Multiplexed transport streams are modified as they pass through the
multiplexer. This is required in order to compensate for the variable
amount of time the transport packets spend in the internal buffers, the
potential change in the transport stream rate from input to output and the
potential repositioning of the transport packet containing the PCR due to
the multiplexing process.
DVB-ASI Input and Output
DVB-ASI allows point-to-point communications over a high-speed serial
link. Data is 8B/10B encoded and transmitted serially at 270 Mbps. The
receiver recovers the clock, deserializes the data and performs 8B/10B
decoding. The bit rate is 10 times the byte rate. While essentially
synchronous in nature this protocol allows data to be transferred
asynchronously by filling in the blanks with a special 10-bit value that
indicates there was no data sent.
In this system the serial data is carried over 75 ohm coaxial cable. The
input can accept transport stream data rates up to 70 Mbps. The output
can be programmed up to 70 Mbps.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
Upon loss of power of fault detection, the transport input is routed
directly to the primary transport output A through the use of passive
relays. This will will prevent the failure of a single TE30 from
disrupting the whole service.
User Data
The two User Data inputs combined on a single DB-15HD connector on
the rear panel of the TTX-2000/A can be configured to accept either
synchronous data up to 2,048 kbps using RS-422 levels, or asynchronous
data up to 38.4 kbps using RS-232 levels.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MCPC Setup and Operation
MCPC operation is simply accomplished by connecting the Transport
Stream output of the previous TE30 to the Transport Stream input of the
next TE30. The Transport Stream output of the last TE30 in the MCPC
chain is the fully multiplexed stream ready for transmission.
As described in Chapter 4, SCPC Setup, Operation and Verification,
the individual TE30’s are configured for the specific video, audio and
user data requirements. The only additional parameter that normally
needs to be configured for MCPC operation is the Multiplexer Output
Rate. Using the front panel, press the following buttons in sequence to
configure the Multiplexer Output Rate:
<More><MUX><Output><RATE><XXXXXX><Enter>
Where “ XXXXXX” is the desired Multiplexer Output Rate.
Typically, the Multiplexer Output Rate of the last TE30 in the chain is
determined by the communication channel requirements. For a terrestrial
link it might be 34Mbits/sec. For a satellite link it is set equal to the
modulator data rate.
The Multiplexer Output Rate of the remaining TE30’s should be set such
that the amount of null packets in the intermediate transport streams is
minimal. Therefore, the Multiplexer Output Rate is usually set to the
sum of the locally generated transport rate plus the external input
transport rate.
The Mux Mode is normally set to “ Automatic” , which is the default.
The Table transmission rates are normally kept at the default settings.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
The following figure demonstrates the transport stream interconnections
required for MCPC operation. Note that each TE30 has two individually
buffered transport stream outputs, allowing the transport stream to be
monitored at any stage.
Figure 9-3
3 to 1 Multiplexed Example
It is strongly recommended that the TE30 MCPC Rate Calculation
spreadsheet be used to determine the proper transport rate settings for an
MCPC system. This spreadsheet can either be downloaded from the
Tiernan Webpage (www.tiernan.com), or issued from Tiernan Product
Support.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MCPC Functional Checkout
Required Equipment
The following list of test equipment and cables are required in order to
complete the functional checkout described in this section:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Two composite video sources
Video Input 75 Ω coax cables (BNC)
Transport 75 Ω coaxial cables (BNC).
TDR7/G MPEG-2 Decoder
Baseband Video Monitor
Video Output 75 Ω coaxial cable (BNC)
Figure 9-4. Functional Test Block Diagram
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
__ Insure the AC switch is in the OFF or “ 0” position and connect the
AC line cords to the two TE30 and the TDR7/G rear panels and an
AC outlet plug.
__ Connect the video source(s) to the TE30 composite inputs (J6) with
a 75 Ω coaxial cable.
__ Connect the ASI output (J22) of TE30 #1 to the ASI input (J21) of
TE30 #2 using a 75 Ω coaxial cable.
__ Connect the ASI output (J22) of TE30 #2 to the ASI input of
TDR7/G using a 75 Ω coaxial cable.
__ Connect the output monitor to the composite video output of the
TDR7/G (J13).
Performing the Loop-test
After the loop-test configuration has been cabled and the equipment has
all been powered, use the front panel to configure the two TE30s and the
TDR7/G for loop-test operation.
Note: All front panel command sequences assume that the user begins
from the top menu structure. Press the key <Previous> repeatedly to
reach the top menu structure.
Using the front panel of the TE30 #1 (see diagram), press the following
buttons in sequence to initialize the unit to factory default.
<More> <Control> <Init> <DVB> <Enter>
Using the front panel of the TE30 #2 (see diagram), press the following
buttons in sequence to initialize the unit to factory default.
<More> <Control> <Init> <DVB> <Enter>
<More> <MUX> <Output> <Rate> <15000000><Enter>
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
Using the front panel of the TDR7/G, press the following buttons in
sequence to initialize the unit to factory default.
<More> <Control> <Init> <DVB> <Enter>
Using the front panel of the TDR7/G, press the following buttons in
sequence to select the input source as the ASI port.
<System> <Up> (until Input Select = ASI) <Enter>
Using the front panel of the TDR7/G, press the following buttons in
sequence to select between the two available services.
<More> <More> <Service> <Up> <Enter>
Successful loop-test performance requires satisfactory video images on
the display monitor for both services, and fault-free operation for a
number of minutes operating.
The TE30 Status LEDs should be constant green which indicates that no
faults have been detected. The TDR7/G Sync LED should be constant
green which indicates that a valid transport stream has been detected at
the input, and that no faults have been detected. All red Fault LED’s
should be off.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
Redundant Operation
A TE30 equiped with a TTX-2000/A can be set up to provide 1:N
redundancy. In this mode, the TE30 is operated in conjunction with an
external video/audio/data switch, such as the Tiernan TRS2/E. In the
event of an upstream encoder failure, the failed TE30 will activate the
associated TRS2/E switch by means of a fault relay closure, forcing the
failed TE30 inputs to be re-routed to the redundant TE30. When the
redundant TE30 detects the loss of the PID’s which had been generated
by the failed TE30, it will automatically assign them to the
corresponding locally generated video/audio/data components.
To operate as a redundant encoder, the the Mux Mode of the TE30 must
be set to “ Redundant” .
For more information on redundant operation, refer to Appendix F,
Redundant MCPC System.
SCPC Operation
A TE30 equipped with a TTX-2000/A can also be configured for SCPC
operation. This is simply accomplished by setting the Multiplexer
Output Rate equal to the Local Transport Data Rate, and by setting the
Mux Mode to “ automatic” .
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MCPC Control Front Panel Description
Command Tree
When the TTX-2000/A is detected in the unit, the MUX menu tree is
added to the list of menu items on the front panel. This menu tree is
described below.
Mux Parameter
Tables
PAT Rate
PMT Rate
SDT Rate
Input
Intern
Status
Extern
Status
Rate
Output
Rate
Mode
Redund
State
Service
Protect
Count
Services
Replace
Service
Count
Services
Version
Range
DVB Default
1 - 65535
1 - 65535
1 - 65535
5
8
8
Locked, Unlocked, Absent
Locked, Unlocked, Absent
1 - 70 Mbps
Automatic, Redundant, Tranparent
8448000 bps
Automatic
Standby, Armed, Triggered
Standby
Displays the number of protected services
Displays protected service information
Displays the replaced service information
Displays the number of services detected
Displays detected service information
Displays TTX-2000/A software version
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MUX
There are seven sub-menus under the MUX menu. These are: Tables,
Input, Output, Mode, Redund, Service and Version.
The Table menu is used to display and set the repetition intervals of the
three MPEG-2/DVB PSI/SI tables that are extracted from the local and
external transport streams and regenerated by the TTX2000. The
repetition period for the PAT, PMT and SDT is set in units of
th
deciseconds (1/10 of a second). An interval of 1 dsec would cause a
table to be transmitted 10 times each second. For most applications,
these intervals should be left at the default settings.
The Input menu allows the status of both the internal and external input
transport streams to be monitored. For both inputs the presence of a
valid transport stream is reported as well as its data rate in bits/second.
The Output menu is used to display and set the output transport stream
data rate. The output transport rate can be set from 1 Mbps to 70 Mbps.
The Mode menu allows display and selection of the mode of operation.
The three modes of operation are explained below.
In Transparent mode the local and external input transport streams are
multiplexed together without performing PID conflict detection or PID
re-mapping. This mode of operation can only be selected through the
remote interface but it will be displayed on the front panel. The user
assumes responsibility that there are no PID conflicts, and that for
ensuring that all PSI/SI tables are corect and consistant. Do not use this
mode without first consulting with Tiernan Product Support.
In Automatic mode PID conflicts between the local and external transport
stream inputs are detected and PID remapping is performed. The PSI/SI
tables for the two stream are combined and updated to reflect any
remapping performed. For most MCPC applications, this is the normal
mode of operation.
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
In Redundant mode the external transport stream is monitored and passed
through unchanged until a missing service is detected. When a service
drops out of the external transport stream the local service is inserted in
its place. The replacement of an external service by the local service is
done by remapping the PIDs of the local transport stream components.
This mode is intended for the spare TE30 in a redundant configuration.
The Redundant menu displays the current state of the Redundant mode
of operation. The three states are Standby, Armed and Triggered. There
is a Service sub-menu that is visible only when the state is Armed or
Triggered. It displays the services that are protected when the unit is
Armed or the service that has been replaced when the unit is Triggered.
If the state is Standby, the redundant TE30 monitors the transport stream,
but will not make any changes.
If the state is Armed, the redundant TE30 monitors the transport stream,
and upon the detection of the loss of PID’s from a failed encoder, it will
assign them to its own corresponding locally generated video and audio
components, thus replacing the failed unit. This action will cause the
state to change to Triggered.
The Service menu displays the number, name and provider of each
service seen in the SDTs (Service Descriptor Tables) of the local and
external transport stream inputs. If the SDT is not present in the
transport stream no services will be displayed.
The Version menu displays the software version of the TTX-2000/A. As
the TTX-2000/A has a separate microprocessor from the E30
motherboard, this software version may be different from the E30
software version.
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MCPC Remote Control
PT 2000
DV
SS
TTX
Displays the TTX firmware version
Displays the TTX System Status
MODE
Displays the current remapping mode.
Both tranport streams are passed through
and multiplexed transparently. No PID
conflict detection is performed.
PIDs are remapped when a PID conflict
exists. The local stream PIDs are
remapped when a conflict exists between
the local and external transport stream.
Monitors the external input transport
stream. If the PAT indicates a previous
component is missing, the appropriate
component is inserted using remapped
PIDs from the local transport stream.
Displays the log of statistics maintained by
the TTX-2000.
Resets the statistics log maintained by the
TTX-2000.
TRANSPARENT
AUTO
REDUND
STAT
RESET
PID
INT
Displays the PID mapping for components
in the local transport stream.
Displays the PID mapping for components
in the external transport stream.
EXT
INPUT
RATE
Displays the measured external input data
rate.
STATUS
INT
Displays the status of the internal input:
ABSENT (no signal), UNLOCKED (signal
present, but no transport lock), LOCKED
(transport lock detected)
Displays the status of the internal input:
ABSENT (no signal), UNLOCKED (signal
present, but no transport lock), LOCKED
(transport lock detected)
Displays the output data rate in
bits/second.
This command sets the rate that will be
used for the transport stream output in
bits/second.
EXT
OUTPUT
RATE
0 to 70000000
8448000
REDUND
All sub-commands below REDUND are
valid only if the current operating MODE
is REDUND
Displays the current state of Redundancy.
The default state is STANDBY. Other
states are ARMED and TRIGGERED.
TRIGGERED state can only be entered
into automatically (by the loss of an
external service) while in ARMED state.
STATE
SVCS
PROTECTED
COUNT
LIST
Displays the count of external services that
are “ protected” (i.e. replaceable). Valid
only in ARMED state.
Displays the list of external services that
are “ protected” (i.e. replaceable)
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
REPLACED
PROGLIST
PROGCOUNT
Displays the name of the external service
that is being replaced by this redundant
unit. Valid only in TRIGGERED state.
Displays the list of all external services
that are present. This command is valid in
all modes and states.
Displays the count of all external services
that are present. This command is valid in
all modes and states.
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
MCPC External System Connections
User Data Inputs (J20)
The serial user data ports provide the input of synchronous (EIA422/449) user data via a DB-15HD connector. Each data port must be
provided with data and a corresponding clock. For data channel A, the
data is supplied on the differential signal pair SDA+ and SDA-, with the
SDA+ signal representing positive data. The corresponding clock must
be supplied on the differential signal pair TTA+ and TTA. The rising
edge of the clock should occur in the middle of the bit period. The
pinout of the connector is the following:
J20
PINS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
SDA
SDB
STA
STB
TTA
TTB
Send Data A
Send Data B
Send Timing A
Send Timing B
Terminal Timing A
Terminal Timing B
SIGNAL
TTASDA+
STA+
SDB+
TTA+
TTB+
SDASTAGND
TTBGND
STB+
STBSDBNC
DATA A/B (RS-422)
DIRECTION
input
input
output
input
input
input
input
output
input
output
output
input
-
User Data A
User Data B
Clock output for Data A channel
Clock output for Data B channel
Clock input for Data A channel
Clock input for Data B channel
Table 1. Pin assignment on the J20 DB-15HD female connector
Figure 3. J20 DB-15HD Connector Pin Configuration
(Mating Connector is a AMP P/N 748364-1 or Equiv.)
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9. MCPC Configuration and Operation
ASI Input (J21)
The ASI Input is provided on a 75 Ohm BNC connector. The maximum
input data rate is 70 Mbps.
ASI Output A/B (J22, 23)
The ASI Outputs are provided on 75 Ohm BNC connectors. ASI output
A is configured to pass the signal directly from the ASI input using a
passive bypass relay when the unit is not powered, or when a fault is
detected. The maximum output data rate is 70 Mbps.
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10. Options
Chapter 10. Option Modules
Chapter Overview
This chapter describes the input/output modules that are available for the
TE30 encoder.
The TE30 encoder supports two slots for input/output modules inside the
chassis. This architecture allows customer specific input and output
format modules to be provided on a standard platform encoder unit.
Customer defined custom modules can also be developed for specific
applications. Call a Tiernan sales representative for further information
and the latest module offerings.
All modules can be factory installed and most can be installed in fielded
units (firmware upgrade may be necessary). Note that the model
numbers of the modules include a numerical suffix. The modules with a
“-1xxx” suffix can be installed in the input slot, and the modules with a
“-2xxx” suffix can be installed in the output slot. They cannot be
interchanged, thus only a single “-1xxx” module can be integrated, and a
single “-2xxx” module can be selected for integration in a single TE30.
To determine which option cards are present within a TE30, issue the
remote control command “DV MC”.
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10. Options
TVD-1000 Video Input Filter
Functional Description
The TVD-1000 Video Input Filter option module can be installed in a TE30
MPEG-2 Encoder to perform input video source filtering prior to compression.
The TVD-1000 supports composite NTSC and PAL. The filtering algorithm
removes time varying noise from the video source to improve image quality and
compressibility. The objective is to improve the compression performance by
eliminating non-relevant noise from the video image.
Setup, Operation and Verification
The presence of a TVD-1000 board adds a new parameter, “Video Filter” to the
Video sub-menu on the front panel. It also adds a new remote control command,
TVD.
The TVD-1000 has three modes of operation, Bypass, Auto and Max. Bypass
mode disables the video filtering operation. Auto mode sets the filter to the
optimum level for the current video source noise and the compressed bit rate.
Max mode sets the filter to its maximum level of operation.
Control Front Panel
Video Parameter
Video Filter
Range
Auto, Max, Bypass
DVB Default
Bypass
Remote Control
TVD
BYPASS
AUTO
MAX
Filtering operation is disabled.
Filtering operation is automatically set to the optimum for the current
video source noise level and compress video bit rate.
Filtering operation is set to the maximum.
External Connections
The TVD-1000 operates on the internal video stream of the TE30 and has no
external interfaces.
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10. Options
TTI-1000 DVB Teletext Input Module
Functional Description
The TTI-1000 Teletext Input Module can be installed in a TE30 MPEG-2
Encoder to extract Teletext data from a PAL composite input video stream and to
insert the data into the MPEG-2 transport stream. A maximum of 11 lines of
Teletext can be processed. The Teletext must conform to the ETS 300 706
specification.
Setup, Operation and Verification
To use the TTI-1000 card, connect the PAL composite video source to the
external BNC connector (J11) located on the back of the TTI-1000. Set the
encoder video source to “TTI Composite”. Set the VBI Teletext Mode to “ON”.
If there is Teletext present in the video source, the Active Lines menu option
should change from “None” to the number of the first line of video that contains
Teletext data.
Control Front Panel
If a TTI-1000 board is installed, a new option will appear in the Video Source
sub-menu called TTI Composite. Choosing this option will select the composite
input on the TTI-1000 card. In addition, there will also be a new base menu level
called VBI. The VBI menu contains only one option: Teletext.
The Teletext section contains three parameters: Active Line, Mode, and PID.
Active Line displays a list of VBI lines that contain active Teletext data. The up
and down arrows will scroll through the list of active lines. If there are no active
lines, “None” will be displayed
Mode selects whether Teletext processing is enabled or disabled.
PID (Packet ID) is used to set the Teletext stream PID. This is normally left as
the default value.
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10. Options
Video Parameter
Source
Range
Composite, D1,
TTI Composite
DVB Default
Composite
VBI:Teletext Parameter
Mode
Active Line
PID
Range
On, Off
6-22, 318-335, None
32 to 8189 (decimal)
DVB Default
On
N/A
64
Remote Control
VE
SRC
TTICOMP
Selects the TTI-1000 as the video source
VBI TELETEXT
VBI TELETEXT #
Queries the PID for the Teletext data stream
Sets the PID for the Teletext data stream
By itself, queries all the Teletext parameters
Displays Teletext processing mode.
TAB
PID
VBI
TELETEXT MODE
OFF
ON
TELETEXT
Returns “VBI TELETEXT Available” if the TTI1000 is installed. Query only.
Displays the active Teletext lines. Query only.
TELETEXT LINES
External Connectors
The TTI-1000 has one external BNC connector to accept composite PAL video
input.
TTI-1000
Composite J11
Figure 10-1. TTI-1000 External Connectors
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10. Options
TMOD-1000 Transport Modulator
Functional Description
A TMOD-1000 module may be installed in a TE30 MPEG-2 Encoder to convert
a MPEG-2 Transport stream to a QPSK modulated IF output. The TMOD-1000
accepts a DVB-ASI formatted transport stream as its input.
Setup, Operation and Verification
The TMOD-1000 can be used as a stand-alone modulator. Typically, however,
the ASI output of a TTM-2000/RA or a TTX-2000/A output module in the TE30
will be connected externally to the ASI input of the TMOD-1000 using a BNC
cable.
Control Front Panel
The presence of a TMOD-1000 board in an E30 adds a new menu option at the
base level called “Mod”. The Mod commands allow for the configuration and
monitoring the internal modulator and is separated into three functions: Signal,
Input, and Status.
The Signal function allows you to set the configure the various modulator
parameters.
The Input function allows you to select the modulator transport input stream
source as either DVB–ASI or RS–449.
The Status function displays the current modulator status.
MOD Sub-Menu
Signal
Parameter
Data Rate
Viterbi Rate
Sym Rate
Tx Power
Tx Freq
Tx Output
Spect Inv
Range
921569-32254901 bps
1/2,2/3,3/4,5/6,7/8
1000000-20000000 Sps
(-5.0)-(-20.0) dB
52000000-88000000 Hz
On, Off
Normal, Invert
DVB Default
8448000 bps
5/6
550187 Sps
-5.0 dB
70000000 Hz
On
Normal
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10. Options
Pure Carrier
Source
RS Clk
RS Data
Xport Lock
Input
Status
On, Off
DVB-ASI, RS449
Normal, Invert
Normal, Invert
Locked, Unlocked
On
N/A
Normal
Normal
64
Remote Control
TMOD
By itself, queries all TMOD Signal parameters.
CLKI
INVERT
NORMAL
DATI
INVERT
NORMAL
DR
#
RF
ON
OFF
SI
INVERT
NORMAL
SR
#
SRC
DVB-ASI
RS499
TC
ON
OFF
TF
#
TP
-#
CR
1/2
2/3
3/4
5/6
Returns TMOD RS-499 clock inversion state.
Inverts Clock.
Clock not inverted (DVB default)
Returns RS-499 data inversion state.
Inverts Data.
Data not inverted (DVB default)
Returns TMOD data rate
Data rate between 921569 and 32254901, in
1bps increments (DVB default is 8448000)
Returns TMOD transmit output state
Transmit on. (DVB default)
Transmit off.
Returns spectrum inversion state.
Spectrum inversion.
Spectrum not inverted (DVB default)
Returns symbol rate
Symbol rate between 1000000 and 20000000,
in 1 Sps increments. (DVB default is 550187
Sps)
Returns modulator input source
DVB-ASI (Default)
RS-499
Returns pure carrier transmit state
Pure carrier on. (DVB default)
Pure carrier off.
Returns transmit frequency.
frequency between 52000000 and 88000000
Hz in 1 Hz increments. (DVB default is
70000000 HZ)
Transmit power
power setting between -5.0 and -20.0 in 0.1 dB
increments. The decimal point is not used by
the set command. “TMOD TP -50” would set
the transmit power to the DVB default of -5.0
dB.
Returns viterbi code rate.
1/2 Rate
2/3 Rate
3/4 Rate
5/6 Rate
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10. Options
7/8
7/8 Rate
External connectors
The TMOD-1000 board has three external connectors.
Figure 10-2. TMOD-1000 External Connectors
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11. TE30 Specifications
Chapter 11. Specifications
SCPC Specifications
Video Input
Composite Analog
BNC connector, 75 ohms
PAL (PAL-I as defined in ITU-R Rec. BT.470-4. Compliant with ITUR Rec. BS.644-1, ITU-R Rec. BT.567-3)
NTSC (compliant with EIA/TIA-250-C)
3-Line Comb Filter
D1 Serial Digital (compliant with SMPTE-259M)
BNC connector
PAL and NTSC
Video Processing
MPEG-2 Main level/Main profile, compliant with ISO/IEC 13818-2
Resampling from full line resolution down to intermediate line
resolutions of 544, 480 and 352 pixels per line.
Output rates from 1 Mbit/s to 15 Mbit/s, in steps of 400 bit/s
Vertical resolutions of 480 (NTSC) and 576 (PAL) lines.
Composite Noise Filter option available (TVD-1000)
Composite PAL Teletext extraction available (TTI-1000)
DVB compliant
Audio Inputs
Two stereo or four independent monaural channels on two DB-15 input
connectors.
Each input connector can be Base-band Analog or digital AES / EBU
Analog Audio
Balanced input
High impedance input (10K)
+18 dBu clipping level (+12 dBu optional)
Digital Audio
Compliant with AES/EBU specification
Audio Processing
MPEG-2 layer I and layer II
Sampling rates of 32 kHz, 44.1kHz, and 48 kHz
Output rates of 32 kbit/s mono up to 384 kbit/s stereo
16 bit resolution.
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11. TE30 Specifications
Data Inputs
Two independent data input channels on two DB-15 input connectors.
Each data input connector can be Synchronous or Asynchronous.
Synchronous Data
RS-422/RS-449 compliant
32,000 to 2,048,000 bits/sec
Asynchronous Data
RS-232 compliant
1,200 to 38,400 baud rate
Timing
System Time Clock and Presentation Time Stamps in PES layer
Transport Stream
Outputs
Serial RS422 on a DB-15HD
1-18 Mbits/sec
DVB compliant ASI
BNC connector
1-18 Mbits/sec
Remote Control
RS-232
DB-9 connector
1,200 to 38,400 baud rate
Ethernet
RJ-45 connector
Control Front Panel
Displays/Indicators
Power, Status, & Fault LEDs, backlit alphanumeric LCD
Mechanical
19"(482mm) rack mount, 2U (89mm) height, 18" (457mm) depth
15 pounds (approx.)
Power Supply
100 - 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, auto-ranging universal power supply
100 watts (typical)
Operating Conditions
Temperature
Humidity
0° to +45° C
95% non-condensing, operating
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11. TE30 Specifications
MCPC Specifications
Video Input
Composite Analog
BNC connector, 75 ohms
PAL (PAL-I as defined in ITU-R Rec. BT.470-4. Compliant with ITUR Rec. BS.644-1, ITU-R Rec. BT.567-3)
NTSC (compliant with EIA/TIA-250-C)
3-Line Comb Filter
D1 Serial Digital (compliant with SMPTE-259M)
BNC connector
PAL and NTSC
Video Processing
MPEG-2 Main level/Main profile, compliant with ISO/IEC 13818-2
Resampling from full line resolution down to intermediate line
resolutions of 544, 480 and 352 pixels per line.
Output rates from 1 Mbit/s to 15 Mbit/s, in steps of 400 bit/s
Vertical resolutions of 480 (NTSC) and 576 (PAL) lines.
Composite Noise Filter option available (TVD-1000)
Composite PAL Teletext extraction available (TTI-1000)
DVB compliant
Audio Inputs
Two stereo or four independent monaural channels on two DB-15 input
connectors.
Each input connector can be Base-band Analog or digital AES / EBU
Analog Audio
Balanced input
High impedance input (10K)
+18 dBu clipping level (+12 dBu optional)
Digital Audio
Compliant with AES/EBU specification
Audio Processing
MPEG-2 layer I and layer II
Sampling rates of 32 kHz, 44.1kHz, and 48 kHz
Output rates of 32 kbit/s mono up to 384 kbit/s stereo
16 bit resolution.
Data Inputs
Two independent data input channels on two DB-15 input connectors.
Each data input connector can be Synchronous or Asynchronous.
Synchronous Data
RS-422/RS-449 compliant
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11. TE30 Specifications
32,000 to 2,048,000 bits/sec
Asynchronous Data
RS-232 compliant
1,200 to 38,400 baud rate
Timing
System Time Clock and Presentation Time Stamps in PES layer
Transport Stream Input
DVB compliant ASI
BNC connector
1-70 Mbits/sec
Transport Stream
Outputs
Dual DVB compliant ASI
BNC connectors
1-70 Mbits/sec
Remote Control
RS-232
DB-9 connector
1,200 to 38,400 baud rate
Ethernet
RJ-45 connector
Control Front Panel
Displays/Indicators
Power, Status, & Fault LEDs, backlit alphanumeric LCD
Mechanical
19"(482mm) rack mount, 2U (89mm) height, 18" (457mm) depth
15 pounds (approx.)
Power Supply
100 - 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, auto-ranging universal power supply
100 watts (typical)
Operating Conditions
Temperature
Humidity
0° to +45° C
95% non-condensing, operating
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Appendix A
Appendix A - EIA-422/449 Overview/Cables
Introduction
EIA-422/449 is a signal recommendation for transmitting/receiving serial differential data, the
differential clock, and associated signaling. This application note describes the terminology
associated with this signal recommendation and Tiernan interfaces.
EIA-422/449 Overview
DCE/DTE
DCE is an acronym for Data Circuit-Termination Equipment.
DTE is an acronym for Data Terminal Equipment.
Example 1
DCE is typically a Modem (Modulator-Demodulator).
DTE is typically a computer or terminal.
Example 2
If a TE3 transport output is connected to a modulator input, then the TE3 is the DTE and the
modulator is the DCE.
Example 3
If a Fireberd EIA-422/449 port is connected to the TTM User Data input and the
TD3/TDR7/TDR777 (decoder) User Data output, then the Fireberd is the DTE and the TTM/TD3
is the DCE.
Transmit
At the transmit site the flow of data is DTE −> DCE.
SD is an acronym for Send Data. This is the transmit serial data path from the DTE to the DCE.
TT is an acronym for Terminal Timing. This is the transmit clock path from the DTE to the DCE. If
TT is used (the DTE supplies the transmit clock), then the DTE must be configured as “internal
timing” and the DCE as “external timing”.
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Appendix A
ST is an acronym for Send Timing. This is the transmit clock path from the DCE to the DTE. If
ST is used (the DCE supplies the transmit clock), then the DTE must be configured as “external
timing” and the DCE as “internal timing”.
Note: If ST is used, it is strongly recommended that the DTE loops the ST clock back on TT, and
that the DCE latches SD using TT. The DCE should not use ST to latch SD, as this will result in
clock/data skew problems over long cable lengths.
Receive
At the receive site the flow of data is DCE−> DTE.
RD is an acronym for Receive Data. This is the received serial data path from the DCE to the
DTE.
RT is an acronym for Receive Timing. This is the received clock path from the DCE to the DTE.
Single Ended/Differential
Binary 1 (5 volts) = MARK or OFF
Binary 0 (0 volts) = SPACE or ON
The A terminal of the differential driver/receiver is negative.
The B terminal of the differential driver/receiver is positive.
Signal Present
TR = Terminal Ready
RR = Receiver Ready
(DTE to DCE)
(DCE to DTE)
ON if signal present (0 volts)
OFF is signal not present (5 volts)
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Appendix A
Clock/Data Relationship
The single-ended clock/data relationship is defined to be:
Data (SD, RD)
Clock (ST, TT, RT)
In other words, the data changes on the falling edge of the clock, and should be latched by the
receiver on the rising edge. This is desirable because there can be relative propagation delay
between the data and the clock over a long cable.
Impedance
The driver has a low impedance (less than 100 ohms) output.
The receiver should have an input impedance of about 100 ohms.
Signal Inversion
Signal inversion is the result of swapping the positive signal with the negative. It is a very
common problem. Data inversion is obvious, clock inversion is not. A clock inversion can be
quite troublesome in that it won’t always result in a problem, and that even if it does cause a
problem, it can be intermittent.
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Appendix A
Tiernan Connectors With EIA-422/449 Signals
This section defines all connectors on Tiernan products that carry EIA-422/449 signals. This
document supersedes all related information found in Tiernan product manuals.
TTM-2000/RA EIA-422 Transport Stream Output Connector J22 (DB-15HD,
female)
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Signal
SDST+
TR+
NC
NC
SD+
STTRGND
NC
TTTT+
NC
NC
GND
Direction
output
input
output
output
input
output
output
output
TTM-2000/RA User Data A/B Connector J20 (DB-15HD, female)
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Signal
TTSD+
ST+
SD+
TT+
TT+
SDSTGND
TTGND
ST+
STSDNC
A/B
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
Direction
input
input
output
input
input
input
input
output
B
input
B
B
B
output
output
input
Note: A/B denotes User Data Channels. This should not be confused with A and B
differential terminals.
TD3/TDR7 EIA-422 Transport Stream Input Connector J10 (DB-15HD, female)
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Appendix A
Signal
RD+
NC
RR+
RD_LOOP+
RT_LOOPRDNC
RRGND
RD_LOOPRTTR+
RR_LOOP+
RR_LOOPRT_LOOP-
Direction
input
input
output (not available on the TD2-1000)
output (not available on the TD2-1000)
input
input
output (not available on the TD2-1000)
input
output (not available on the TD2-1000)
output (not available on the TD2-1000)
output (not available on the TD2-1000)
The shell is grounded.
TD3/TD7 User Data A/B Connector J11 (DB-15HD, female)
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Signal
RTRD+
RR+
RD+
RTRT+
RDRRGND
RT+
GND
RR+
RRRDNC
A/B
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
Direction
output
output
output
output
output
output
output
output
B
output
B
B
B
output
output
output
The shell is grounded.
Note:
A/B denotes User Data Channels. This should not be confused with A and B differential
terminals.
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Appendix A
Cables With EIA-422/449 Signals
This section defines all cables on Tiernan products that carry EIA-422/449 signals.
document supersedes all related information found in Tiernan product manuals.
This
TTM-2000/RA to TD3/TDR7 RS422 Loop-back Transport Cable
Signals are all EIA-422/449 electrical levels. All signals listed below are outputs from TTM-2000
and inputs to TD2 or TD3.
TTM2000/RA
Signal Name
TT+
TTSD+
SDTR+
TRGND
J22
DB-15HD male,
pin number
12
11
6
1
3
8
9
J10
DB-15HD male,
pin number
12
11
1
6
3
8
9
TD3/TDR7
Signal Name
RT+
RTRD+
RDRR+
RRGND
The shell is grounded.
TTM-2000/RA and TD3/TDR7 EIA-422 User Data A Test Cable
Signal
RD+
RD-
Fireberd (DB37M)
24
6
TTM (HD25M)
RT+
RT-
26
8
SD+
SD-
22
4
2
7
ST+
ST-
23
5
3
8
TT+
TT-
35
17
5
1
TD3 (HD25M)
2
7
6
1
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Appendix A
TTM-2000/RA and TD3/TDR7 EIA-422 User Data B Test Cable
Signal
RD+
RD-
Fireberd (DB37M)
24
6
TTM (HD25M)
RT+
RT-
26
8
SD+
SD-
22
4
4
14
ST+
ST-
23
5
12
13
TT+
TT-
35
17
6
10
TD3 (HD25M)
4
14
10
5
TE30/TTM-2000/RA to CM701 Modulator Transport Cable
CM701 Signal
Name
DB-37 male,
pin number
SDA
STA
TTA
GND
SDB
STB
TTB
GND
4
5
17
19
22
23
35
37
J22
DB-15HD
male,
pin number
1
7
12
9
6
2
11
15
TTM-2000
Signal Name
SDSTTT+
GND
SD+
ST+
TTGND
The shell is grounded.
Note: A clock inversion problem on TT of the CM701 has been corrected by mapping
TT+ to TTA.
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Appendix A
DBR801 to TD2-TD3/TDR7 Transport Cable
DBR801 Signal
Name
RDA
RTA
RRA
GND
RDB
RTB
RRB
J1
DB-15 male,
pin number
4
6
5
8
11
13
12
DB-15HD male,
pin number
6
12
3
9
1
11
8
J10
TD3/TDR7
Signal Name
RDRT+
RR+
GND
RD+
RTRR-
The shell is grounded.
Note: A clock inversion problem on RT of the DBR801 has been corrected by mapping
RT+ to RTA.
Note: A data inversion problem on RR of the DBR801 has been corrected by mapping
RR+ to RRA.
References
EIA-449 Specification
EIA-422 Specification
TE30 Installation and Operation Manual
TD3 Installation and Operation Manual
TDR7 Installation and Operation Manual
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Appendix B
Appendix B - Software Updates via the Remote
Control Port
Overview
The TE30 is controlled by a built-in microcontroller that is equipped
with non-volatile memory. This memory is used to store configuration
settings, operational software, operational firmware, and field
programmable gate array (FPGA) configuration files. It can be accessed
through the remote control port of the TE30, providing a means to
upgrade software and configuration files in the field. This “ remote
download,” can be performed by a user with an upgrade file and a
personal computer,
!!
Warning: The following procedure should be followed carefully and only
with files provided by Tiernan Communications, Inc. Any
deviation in the procedure or any use of this procedure or parts of
it outside the specific context of a software update could result in
permanent damage to the equipment.
If the system is not responding properly to one of the steps,
power the unit off, wait a few minutes, and start the full procedure
again.
If it fails again, please call a Tiernan customer service engineer for
assistance.
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Appendix B
Preparation for Software Download
This procedure assumes the following resources and familiarity are
available. Be sure to read this list for important steps of starting and
completing the procedure.
1) The download is to be performed via PROCOMM for WINDOWS.
2) Baud rate changes from PROCOMM are required at various steps of
the procedure. The user must be familiar with PROCOMM to change
the baud rate.
3) Upgrade files have been provided by Tiernan.
Download Procedure from a Personal Computer
The code for TE30 is composed of a set of 7 files: one file for the master
controller firmware, one file for the encoder FPGA's, one file for the
option module FPGA's, three files for the video micro-code and one file
for the video resizing. A TE30 software update could include some or all
of these files. To determine which files to load, refer to the instructions
given by Tiernan Communications Inc. at the time of the update. For
each file, follow the procedure given below.
UPDATE OF A E30 FILE
STEP 1.
Prepare the system RS-232 remote control interface by
typing the following commands at the prompt:
mc rs232 flow hard<CR>
mc rs232 baud 38400<CR>
The prompt will not appear.
STEP 2.
Change PROCOMM baud rate to 38400.
STEP 3.
Return to the command line by clicking anywhere in the
terminal window and press <CR> a few times to make sure
the prompt comes back with the new baud rate. Type the
following commands at the prompt:
mc flash save<CR>
re<CR>
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Appendix B
STEP 4.
Start the file transfer by typing the command "dn" followed by
<CR>. Do not type anything after this.
STEP 5.
Click on "File" in the PROCOMM menu. Select the "Send
File" option and insert the disk containing the source code in
drive A. In the "Change Protocol" box, select "RAW ASCII".
In the "File" box, type the appropriate filename from the table
below. Click the OK button when finished. The disk
containing new files must be inserted in drive A: for this
access to work.
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!
Appendix B
Note:
The file “E30.DNL” must be downloaded first, before any other
files.
STEP 6.
The system should respond to STEP 5 by displaying
messages similar to the following at the prompt line:
Little endian file
loading .text section $XXX:XXX,
relocated to $XXX:$XXX...
A dotted line should progressively expand below this
message. Additional messages and dotted lines should
follow. The loading procedure finishes with the message:
download complete...
STEP 7.
Press <CR> a few times to make sure the system is back on
line. If it does not respond with the prompt, or if the system
has not displayed the “download complete" message when
PROCOMM has finished downloading the file, power down,
power-up, and start the procedure again at step 1.
STEP 8.
Type the command:
pw tiernan_config<CR>
STEP 9.
!!
Warning:
According to the file you are downloading, type the following
command:
PERFORM THIS NEXT STEP ONLY IF ALL THE STEPS
ABOVE WERE SUCCESSFULLY ACCOMPLISHED.
MAKE SURE THE COMMAND YOU ENTER CORRESPONDS
TO THE FILE YOU DOWNLOADED IN STEP 6.
Filename
E30.DNL
E30FILES.DNL
E30OPTS.DNL
E30VIDPP.DNL
4710NTSC.DNL
4710PAL.DNL
Command
mc flash burn 3
mc flash burn 2
mc flash burn 4
mc flash burn 5
mc flash burn 6
mc flash burn 7
File Description
Master controller executable
Master controller FPGA
Option module FPGA
Video resizer FPGA
AFF NTSC video microcode
AFF PAL video microcode
The system should respond with some messages to indicate that it is
burning FLASH memory with the new code, and go back to the prompt.
STEP 10.
At the prompt, type the command:
mc return<CR>
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!
Note:
Appendix B
If the prompt does not appear, change the PROCOMM baud rate
back to 1200, and press the <CR> a few times to insure the system
is responding.
Return to STEP 2 for the next download file, or follow the
instructions below to complete the download process when
all files have been downloaded.
STEP 11A. To complete this procedure, after the software download,
change the configuration parameters from the factory default
settings to the parameters recorded prior to the download (in
step 4 of Preparation for Software Download above).
STEP 11B. Alternatively, configure the unit to
configuration by issuing the command:
the
preset
DVB
mc flash dvb<CR>
STEP 11C. The unit can be configured to the preset NTL configuration
instead by issuing the command:
mc flash ntl<CR>
!
Note:
Setting the unit to a preset configuration sets the baud rate to
1200. Set the Procomm baud rate back to 1200, then press <CR>
a few times to ensure the system is responding.
STEP 12.
Finally, set the unit for automatic initialization, save the
configuration, and perform a soft restart.
This is
accomplished by entering the following commands:
mc auto on
mc flash save
STEP 12.
Cycle power, confirm that the unit is operational.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
Appendix B
UPDATE OF A TTX FILE
STEP 1.
Prepare the system RS-232 remote control interface by
typing the following commands at the prompt:
mc auto off <CR>
mc flash save <CR>
pt 2000 mc auto off <CR>
pt 2000 mc flash save <CR>
re <CR>
mc rs232 baud 38400 <CR>
mc rs232 flow hard <CR>
in mc <CR>
STEP 2.
Wait about 30 seconds.
STEP 3.
Start the file transfer by typing the command "pt 2000 dn"
followed by <CR>. Do not type anything after this.
STEP 4.
Click on "File" in the PROCOMM menu and select the "Send
File" option and insert the disk containing the source code in
drive A. In the "Change Protocol" box, select "RAW ASCII".
In the "File" box, type the appropriate filename from the table
below. Click the OK button when finished. The disk
containing new files must be inserted in drive A: for this
access to work.
Filename
TTX_EXEC.DNL
TTXA.DNL
STEP 5.
File Description
TTX-2000/A executable
TTX-2000/A FPGA
The system should respond to STEP 4 by displaying
messages similar to the following at the prompt line:
Little endian file
loading .text section $XXX:XXX,
relocated to $XXX:$XXX...
A dotted line should progressively expand below this
message. Additional messages and dotted lines should
follow. The loading procedure finishes with the message:
download complete...
STEP 6.
Press <CR> a few times to make sure the system is back on
line. If it does not respond with the prompt, or if the system
has not displayed the “download complete" message when
PROCOMM has finished downloading the file, power down,
power-up, and start the procedure again at step 1.
STEP 7.
Type the command:
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Appendix B
pt 2000 pw tiernan_config<CR>
STEP 8.
!!
Warning:
According to the file you are downloading, type the following
command:
PERFORM THIS NEXT STEP ONLY IF ALL THE STEPS
ABOVE WERE SUCCESSFULLY ACCOMPLISHED.
MAKE SURE THE COMMAND YOU ENTER CORRESPONDS
TO THE FILE YOU DOWNLOADED IN STEP 6.
Filename
TTX_EXEC.DNL
TTXA.DNL
Command
pt 2000 mc flash burn 3
pt 2000 mc flash burn 4
STEP 9A.
To complete this procedure, after the software download,
change the configuration parameters from the factory default
settings to the parameters recorded prior to the download (in
step 4 of Preparation for Software Download above).
STEP 9B.
Alternatively, configure the unit to the preset factory
configuration by issuing the command:
pt 2000 mc flash factory<CR>
!
Note:
Setting the unit to a preset configuration sets the baud rate to
1200. Set the Procomm baud rate back to 1200, then press <CR>
a few times to ensure the system is responding.
STEP 10.
Finally, set the unit for automatic initialization, save the
configuration, and perform a soft restart.
This is
accomplished by entering the following commands:
mc auto on
mc flash save
STEP 11.
Cycle power, confirm that the unit is operational.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
C. MPEG Structures
Appendix C. MPEG Structures
Overview
This chapter presents a brief summary of the MPEG-2 systems structure,
as defined by the ISO/IEC 13818-1 recommendation. The information
is intended for a conceptual understanding of the MPEG-2 systems
layers, and includes details relevant to the operation of MPEG-based
encoding and decoding equipment. Figure 12-1 shows the signal flow
paths for the video and audio program components, and includes the
insertion of important MPEG2-defined framing headers. The basic
MPEG-2 constructs are PES (Packetized Elementary Streams) and the
Transport Stream.
Figure 12-1. MPEG Signal Flow and Packetized Structures
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C. MPEG Structures
MPEG Packet Header
The following sections highlight important elements of the MPEG PES
and Transport Headers. The Headers consist of a number of bytes which
are defined by MPEG as start codes, identifiers, packet length counts,
and various other characterization fields. Headers are added as overhead
to the data stream in which they are inserted, thus the insertion of PES
headers means the PES Stream data rate is higher than the Elementary
Stream data rate. Similarly, the Transport Stream has approximately 4
bytes of overhead for every 184 bytes of payload, due to the insertion of
4 byte Transport Headers.
System Time Clock (STC)
An important MPEG-defined function is the System Time Clock (STC).
The STC is a special 42-bit counter driven by the MPEG System Clock.
The MPEG System Clock is 27MHz, it is locked to the video frame rate,
and it is used as a timing reference for the entire MPEG system. The
STC is used to “ time-stamp” various MPEG streams and is referenced
in the following sections. The STC is conceptually a “ wrist-watch” for
the MPEG system, and must be known and used by the encoder and
decoder functions.
Packetized Elementary Streams (PES)
The most important systems attribute of the PES Header is the
Presentation Time Stamp (PTS). The PTS is a snapshot of the STC at
the time the video or audio signal arrives at the input to the encoder.
The decoder uses these time-stamps to adjust the presentation time of
the video and audio after decoding to accomplish the “ lip-sync” or
presentation alignment of video, audio, and any other presentation-time
sensitive components of the program.
Transport Stream
The MPEG transport stream is defined as a continuous stream of 188
byte packets, typically with a 4 byte header at the beginning of every
packet, and starting with a “ sync byte” of 0x47. The remaining 184
bytes in the packet are typically payload consisting of compressed audio
or video data. The most important systems attributes of the Transport
Header are the Packet ID (PID), the Program Clock Reference (PCR),
and the Program Specific Information (PSI) control tables.
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C. MPEG Structures
A PID value is assigned to each individual stream that is being
multiplexed into the transport stream. The PID value is included in the
Transport Header, and allows the demultiplexer in the decoder to
reconstruct each individual stream by extracting packets with equal PID
values from the transport stream.
The PCR is a snapshot of the STC for the encoder. The PCR is inserted
in the transport stream greater than 10 times per second. The PCR
values allow the decoder to maintain an image of the STC locally. This
allows the system “ wrist-watch” to be visible to the decoder as well as
the encoder. This “ wrist-watch” is used to keep the encoder and
decoder timing synchronized to prevent buffer overflows or underflows.
The PSI control tables are MPEG structures that are included in the
transport stream. These tables include the mapping and association of
PID values for the program. The tables are interpreted by the decoder to
determine, for example, the PID for the video packets in the transport
stream. Thus, with multiple video, audio, and other service components
in a single transport stream, the decoder can extract appropriate video
and audio, and match them up for program presentation - automatically.
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Appendix D
Appendix D - Null Modem Adapter
Appendix Overview
This appendix contains a description of the alternate wiring configuration for the
null modem adapter used with Tiernan TE30 or TE300 encoders.
The Remote Control Port of the older TE3 was designed as a DCE. However, in
order for the newer TE30 to be connected to a modem and be available for
connection via standard phone line, the Remote Control Port must instead be
configured as a DTE. This section describes the Null-Modem Adapter required
to make a TE30 DTE Remote Control Port function equivalently to a TE3 DCE
Remote Control Port.
Null Modem Adapter - Description
Complete Null Modem Adapter assemblies are available from several
commercial sources. However, a Null Modem Adapter can be easily constructed
from the following components:
COMPONENT
TYPE/LENGTH
Shell connectors
Female (ie; DB9),
1 to 2 cm
Captive
Wire
Mounting screws
QUANTITY
2
3 to 5
3 to 5
Table 1. Null Modem Adapter Components
The wiring scheme recommended for a 9 pin D-shell Null Modem Adapter used
with a TE30 or TE300 is illustrated in Figure 1 below.
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Appendix D
DCD
RD
TD
DTR
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
GND
DSR
RTS
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
CTS
RI
DCD
RD
TD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
9 pin female D-shell
connector (DB-9)
9 pin female D-shell
connector (DB-9)
Figure 1. 9 pin D-shell Null Modem Adapter Recommended Wiring Diagram
!
Note:
TSM1 downloads can use “Hardware Handshaking” (also
known as “RTS-CTS Handshaking”), or “Software HS” (also
known as “X ON / X OFF HS”). RTS and CTS signals must
be cross-connected to ensure proper hardware
handshaking. DO NOT use a “ 3 Wire Interface Null Modem
Adapter” arrangement for the TE30.
Connections
The DTR must be connected to the DSR and DCD when the hardware modem
control software is implemented. This loop-back connection informs the devices
connected at each end (computer and TE30) that each port is properly
connected and emulating an actual modem.
The serial data configuration used by EIA-232, EIA-449, CCITT V.24, etc. is
illustrated in Figure 2 below.
DTE
DCE
DCE
Modem
DTE
Modem
Computer
Computer
Figure 2. DTE - DCE Connection
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Appendix D
If the two computers are located close to each other and separate modems are
not needed, the connection can be simplified as follows:
DTE
DCE
DCE
DTE
Null Modem
Computer
Computer
Figure 3. DTE - DCE Connection (Simplified)
Connect the two digital devices, through an interconnecting medium (ie; public
telephone system). Devices labeled “Computer” on either end may be actual
computers or other device (ie; printer, a terminal, encoder).
DEVICE
CONNECTOR
TYPICAL APPLICATION
DTE
Male D-shell
DCE
Female Dshell
Computer, printer,
terminal, Tiernan MPEG
encoder
Modem
Table 2. DTE - DCE Connector Relationships
!
Note:
A DTE connector must always be plugged into a DCE
connector.
Null Modem Adapter Wiring Configuration
The Null Modem Adapter may be attached to the TE30 with two screws to allow
connection to the TE30 Remote Control Port in a manner identical to the TE3.
For remote operation, the Null Modem Adapter may be removed and an
extension cable attached to the TE30 and an actual modem.
!
Note:
The TE30 DB-9 connector gender has been changed to
accommodate a male connector. Therefore, an older TE3
interconnect cable cannot be connected directly to the TE30
Remote Control Port.
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Appendix D
The Null Modem Adapter connection is illustrated below.
DCE
Cable #1
Optional
Extension Cable
DTE
DCE
Null Modem
DTE
TE30
Computer
Figure 4. Null Modem Adapter Connection
Alternative Null Modem Adapter Wiring Configuration
The Null Modem Adapter may also be configured to allow the DTR from one side
to control the DSR and DCD of the other side, as illustrated in the Figure 5 on
the following page.
DCD
RD
TD
DTR
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
GND
DSR
RTS
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
CTS
RI
9 pin female D-shell
connector (DB-9)
DCD
RD
TD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
9 pin female D-shell
connector (DB-9)
Figure 5. Alternate Null Modem Adapter Connection
The Alternate Null Modem Adapter connection is used on several commercially
available null modem adapters (ie; Radio Shack Cat. No. 26-264A). The
advantage of this configuration is that the device on one side can signal the
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Appendix D
device on the other that it is connected and available. This permits the control
software to verify proper connection of the instrument.
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Appendix E
Appendix E - Analog Audio Measurements
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to explain how analog audio signals are characterized and
measured.
Characterizing and Measuring Audio Signals
Sinusoidal Signal Amplitude Definitions
It is assumed that most analog audio measurements/testing will be performed using a sinusoidal
signal. The amplitude of a sine wave is typically measured in two ways.
Peak to Peak Amplitude
The peak to peak amplitude (Vp-p) is self-explanatory. Vp-p is convenient to measure when an
oscilloscope is available.
Root Mean Squared Amplitude
The root-mean-squared amplitude (Vrms) is defined as:
Vrms = Vp-p/(2xsqrt(2)) = Vp-p/2.828
equation 1
Vrms is convenient to measure when a voltmeter is available. Note that the voltmeter AC input
assumes a sine wave input. Also note that equation 1 is true only for sine waves.
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
Appendix E
Measuring the Amplitude of a Single-Ended Sinusoidal Signal
Measuring Vrms
Vrms is measured using a voltmeter (AC input) with the positive probe on the signal and the
negative probe on ground.
Measuring Vp-p
Vp-p is measured using an oscilloscope with the probe on the signal, and the
ground clip connected to ground.
Measuring the Amplitude of a Balanced (Differential) Sinusoidal
Signal
Measuring Vrms
Vrms is measured using a voltmeter (AC input) with the positive probe on the positive signal and the
negative probe on the negative signal. Do not reference the probes to ground .
Measuring Vp-p
Vp-p is measured using an oscilloscope with one probe on the positive input, and a second probe
on the negative input. The inputs are then added, with one of them inverted. Connect the probe
ground clips together to minimize differential noise. It is not necessary to connect the ground clips
to ground.
Rev. C, 10/06/97
TPN 505-003710-0001
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
Appendix E
Voltage Amplitude Variation Due to Source and Load Impedance
In RF electronics the source, the transmission line and the load require matching impedances in
order to minimize reflections. For relatively low audio frequencies, this is not an issue, and it is
actually undesirable in that it results in signal attenuation. The following table presents the
expected voltage amplitude for various source and load impedances.
Load
Source
50 (low)
600
600
10K (high)
-0.70 dB
-0.04 dB
-6.00 dB
-0.50 dB
Note that there is minimum signal attenuation when the source impedance is much smaller than
the load impedance. Also note that the signal attenuation is insignificant for a low impedance
source and a high impedance load.
Introduction to Decibels
Comparing Relative Voltage Amplitude
Decibels are used to logarithmically compare the amplitudes of two signals. By definition:
dB = 20log10(A2/A1) equation 2
where A1 and A2 are the amplitudes of the two signals.
For example, if A2 is twice A1, the amplitude of A2 is +6dB relative to the amplitude of A1 since
20log10(2) = 20x0.301 = 6.02.
Comparing Relative Power
It is also useful to express the ratio of two signals in terms of power:
dB = 10log10(P2/P1) equation 3
where P1 and P2 are the power of signals 1 and 2.
Rev. C, 10/06/97
TPN 505-003710-0001
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TE30 MPEG2 Encoder
Appendix E
Absolute Voltage Amplitude (dBu)
Although decibels are ordinarily used to specify the ratio of two signals, they are sometimes used
as an absolute measurement. This is accomplished by assuming a fixed reference and
expressing any other amplitude in decibels relative to the reference.
dBu is decibels referenced to a voltage of 0.7746 (rms).
dBu = 20log10(Vrms/0.7746)
equation 4
Note that dBu does not imply any value of circuit load or impedance.
Absolute Power (dBm)
dBm is decibels referenced to a power of 1mW. Note that in order to compute dBm from a Vrms
reading, the load impedance must be known.
Relationship Between dBu and dBm:
2
2
dBm=10log10((Vrms /load)/1mW)=10log10(Vrms x1000/load)=20log10(Vrmsxsqrt(1000/load))
if 0.7746 = sqrt(load/1000)
then load = 600ohms
so dBu = dBm if the load equals 600 ohms. (That’s were 0.7746 came from !)
Rev. C, 10/06/97
TPN 505-003710-0001
E-4