A school-age child in Mindoro came to the local health facility with complaints of recurrent fever, chills, and profuse sweating. Based on these data, the nurse would consider classifying the patient as a patient with: * Dengue Filariasis Malaria Syphilis Gonorrhea You are trying to learn the nature of the Ebola infection and its origins. Where was the Ebola first discovered? A. Zaire B. Sudan C. England D. India E. Philippines! #WeWinAsOne In another health education session, Nurse G explains about LEPROSY. Which of the following should be included? SATA. * 1. Leprosy is curable 2. Not all leprosy patients are infectious 3. Leprosy is hereditary 4. Casual contact with a patient causes leprosy 5. Regular and adequate treatment is essential Nursing students are reviewing information about infectious diseases and events associated with infection. Students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify the incubation period as which of the following? A. Period of emergence of non-specific signs and symptoms B. Time pathognomonic symptoms appear C. Period the body recovers from an infection D. Time between exposure and onset of symptoms Which of the following is NOT included in the control measures in infected birds? * A. Restrictions on the movement of the live poultry B. Rapid destruction of all infected or exposed birds C. Transferring of the live poultry in another area or location D. Vigorous disinfection of poultry farms E. None of these The nurse is to insert an NG Tube when suddenly she accidentally dips the end of the tube in the client’s glass containing distilled drinking water which is definitely not sterile. As a nurse, what should you do? * A. Don’t mind the incident, continue to insert the NG Tube B. Obtain a new NG Tube for the client C. Disinfect the NG Tube before reinserting it again D. Ask your senior nurse what to do E. Consult the physician immediately Patient D, a known HIV-positive resident of Brgy. 8-A, Davao City, revisited a local health facility to determine his Mantoux test results. After checking, the nurse notes that the induration on the Patient D's forearm measures around 5 mm. This result suggests which of the following implications? * Patient D has no known risk factors for TB Patient D is a TB-positive patient Patient D has been exposed to a person with TB infection Patient D has developed antibodies against TB infection None of these Elephantiasis, an illness characterized by edema, hypertrophy, and fibrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels, can be transmitted through: Wuchereria bancrofti Aedes poecilus Culex quinquefasciatus Burgia malayi Female Anopheles An adolescent client with no history of fever came into the local health facility for complaints of headache, body malaise, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, and flushed skin. The nurse is correct when she, in consideration of the presented symptoms of the patient, proceeds to: * Send the patient home Refer the patient to the nearest health facility for in-hospital management Urgently refer the patient for emergency treatment because of the criticality of the condition of the patient Advise for the admission of the client within 24 hours None of these With proper medical care and early recognition, case-fatality rates are below 1%. On the other hand, special attention needs to be given to these warning signs as it could lead to severe dengue: Select all that apply. 1. Severe abdominal pain 2. Persistent vomiting 3. Bleeding gums 4. Vomiting blood 5. Rapid breathing 6. Fatigue / restlessness 7. Hemoptysis 8. Headache As a result of an outbreak of influenza in Barangay Boulevard, Nurse W encourages the residents of the community to receive the influenza vaccine. Which level of prevention is being used? * A. Tertiary prevention B. Multifactorial prevention C. Primary prevention D. Secondary prevention E. Primordial prevention A positive HIV antibody test like ELISA and Western blot indicates? A. The patient has been infected with the virus, and the body has produced antibodies B. HIV is active in the body, and the patient can transmit the virus to others C. Despite HIV infection, the patient does not necessarily have AIDS. D. The patient is immune to HIV E. The patient does not have HIV in his/her body Which of the following measures must be undertaken for a pregnant mother who presents the following symptoms: headache, flushed skin, fever for 3 days, and petechial rash? * A. Have the patient be sent home for home-based management B. Patient must be referred for in-hospital management C. Patient must be urgently sent to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment D. Admission for the patient must be done within 24 hours E. All of these If the dog shows signs suggestive of rabies, your instructions would include which of the following actions? SATA. * I. Consult a physician II. Kill the dog immediately III. Bring the head to the laboratory for examination IV. Submit patient for immunization while waiting for results V. Received immediate vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin All of the following actions are part of the functions of the public health nurse in the control of communicable diseases, except: CATA. Reporting any known case of notifiable disease to the Municipal Health Office Referring patients with communicable and non-communicable diseases to the nearest hospital immediately Conducting strong health education programs directed toward prevention of outbreaks Diagnosing patients with probable case of infectious diseases based on the signs and symptoms Conducting epidemiologic investigations such as case finding and contact racing to mitigate the spread of infectious illnesses A family will be staying in staying in a cabin by a lake and, upon arriving, observes rodent droppings on the floor in the kitchen. What is the best way for the family to clean up in order to avoid contracting hantavirus from the feces? * Sweep up all of the droppings and then apply a bleach solution. Vacuum the droppings and then apply a bleach solution. Use rodent-killer sprays before sweeping the droppings up. Sweep the droppings in a pile and then vacuum them up. Apply a bleach solution prior to sweeping or vacuuming the floor. What is the most effective way of controlling schistosomiasis in an endemic area? * a) Use of molluscicides b) Building of foot bridges c) Proper use of sanitary toilets d) Use of protective footwear, such as rubber boots e) Perform handwashing A patient has a concentration of S. aureus located on his skin. The patient is not showing signs of increased temperature, redness, or pain at the site. The nurse is aware that this is a sign of a microorganism at which of the following stages? * 1 point A) Infection B) Colonization C) Disease D) Bacteremia E) Sepsis The World Health Organization (WHO) classified leprosy on the basis of modern management of MultiDrug Therapy. Patients showing negative smears at all sites are said to have? * 1 point A. Leprematous B. Borderline C. Multibacillary D. Tuberculoid E. None of these Extra-pulmonary, previously treated drug-susceptible TB (whether bacteriologically confirmed or clinically-diagnosed – CNS/bones or joints), is categorized as: * 1 point A. Category l B. Category ll C. Category lla D. Category lll E. None of these You are the community health nurse in a district hospital. A client underwent screening for AIDS using ELISA. His result was positive. What is the best course of action that you may take? * 1 point A. Get a thorough history of the client, focusing on the practice of high risk behaviors B. Ask the client to be accompanied by a significant person before revealing the result C. Refer the client to the physician since he is the best person to reveal the result to the client D. Refer the client for a supplementary test, such as Western blot, since the ELISA result may be false. E. Diagnose the patient as HIV positive and advise intake of anti-retroviral medications You are a pediatric nurse taking care of various clients. Which of the following treatment should NOT be considered if the child has severe dengue hemorrhagic fever? * A. Use plan C if there is bleeding from the nose or gums B. Give ORS if there is skin petechiae, persistent vomiting and positive tourniquet test C. Give aspirin for fever and pain D. Prevent low blood sugar E. None of these Patients aged >14 years old who are diagnosed with paucibacillary class of Hansenosis should receive which of the following plan for pharmacologic management? * Single dose of Rifampicin 600mg, Ofloxacin 400mg, and Minocycline 100mg PO Initial intake of Rifampicin 600mg and Dapsone 100mg, to be followed by daily intake of Dapsone 100mg for Days 2 to 28 Intake of Clofazimine 300mg, Rifampicin 600mg, and Dapsone 100mg on the first day of treatment, and Clofazimine 50mg and Dapsone 100mg on the succeeding days Initial dose of Rifampicin 450mg and Dapsone 50mg, to be followed by daily intake of Dapsone 50mg for Days 2 to 28 Giardiasis is a disease caused by a flagellated protozoan and its prevalence is associated with which of the following conditions? * 1 point Captionless Image 2 4 and 5 1 3 and 4 1 2 and 4 2 3 and 5 All of these None of these A positive Dengue NS1 antigen test will classify a child as: * A. Probable dengue B. Suspect dengue C. Confirmed dengue D. Severe dengue E. Dengue with warning signs Patients considered for COVID-19 due to their presenting signs and symptoms and travel history who are waiting for their test results are correctly classified as _________ cases. * Suspect Probable Confirmed PUM PUI Children who will improve after the period in which the body temperature (fever) drops to almost normal (between 37.5 to 38°C) will be categorized as: * A. Dengue with Warning Signs B. Severe dengue C. Recovering D. Dengue without Warning Signs E. Post ictal The Department of Health is staunch in its efforts to vaccinate all eligible children all throughout the country so that even the people who cannot be vaccinated can be protected. The process of vaccinating the many so that the few who cannot receive the vaccines themselves can still be protected is referred to as: * Active natural immunity Active artificial immunity Passive natural immunity Passive artificial immunity Herd immunity None of these The most frequent causes of death among clients with AIDS are opportunistic diseases. Which of the following opportunistic infections is characterized by tonsillopharyngitis? * a) Respiratory candidiasis b) Infectious mononucleosis c) Cytomegalovirus disease d) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia e) Pulmonary tuberculosis As a triage nurse, who among the following persons would you consider as a suspect COVID-19 case? SATA. * Mang Kanor, a 60-year-old client with a past medical history of congestive heart failure, who came to the ED for fever and cough Neneng B, a 14-year-old pregnant client who complained of cough and occasional difficulty of breathing Pogi Nurse Blaise, a dashing 25-year-old front-line health worker who recently had a high grade fever and dry cough Cardo Dalisay, a 38-year-old police-turned-army personnel who traveled recently to Spain, who had sore throat and fever Sen. Koko Pimentel, a 56-year-old senator who recently violated quarantine protocols for patients awaiting COVID-19 test results Nurse Q stated that a definitive diagnosis of Leprosy is obtained through: * A. Blood examinations B. Tuberculin testing C. Skin smears/biopsies D. Nasal smear E. Urine analysis The gold standard diagnostic test to characterize and quantify circulating level of anti-dengue virusneutralizing antibody: * A. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) B. Dengue NS1 RDT C. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test D. Nucleic Acid Amplification Test- Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay E. None of these A group of mothers asked you about tuberculosis and how it is treated. You correctly tell this group of mothers that the anti TB drug that is contraindicated to pregnant women is: * A. Rifampicin B. Isoniazid C. Pyrazinamide D. Streptomycin E. Ethambutol When the intern in charge did the skin prep and catheterized the client, the circulating nurse noticed when the intern withdrew the catheter from the vagina. What is your APPROPRIATE and IMMEDIATE action? * A. Stop the intern and do the catheterization B. Offer to change the catheter C. Disinfect the tip of the catheter with alcohol before reinserting the catheter D. Hold the hand of the intern to stop him from reinserting the catheter E. Nothing. Let the intern continue with the procedure. The definitive diagnosis of a rabies infection among dogs require at least two brain samples from a suspected rabid animal. The ideal locations for harvesting these samples are: (Note: answers should be in small case). * ANSWER: brain stem and cerebellum Which of the following elements of the Chain of Infection can be easily addressed/mitigated/corrected by health care providers? * Infectious agent Reservoir Mode of transmission Susceptible host Portal of exit The surveillance for the number of cases of dengue throughout the country is done through: * A. The Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) Department of Virology B. Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response C. RITM Department of Entomology D. Field Health Service Information System E. DOH Regional Offices Nurse X is pla paring for this webinar? Select all that apply: * Captionless Image A. All except 1 and 5 B. All except 1 and 3 C. All except 3 and 5 D. All except 4 and 5 E. All of these When taking care of patients suspected of having an Ebola infection, you coordinate with the local government unit to establish a facility where patients can get the best care possible, including rehydration methods and facilities that will protect their family and community from being infected. These facilities are called: * A. ECU (Ebola Care Unit) or CCC (Community Care Centre) B. ETC (Ebola Treatment Centre) or ETU (Ebola Treatment Unit) C. ESC (Ebola Site Care) D. EBU (Ebola Unit) E. Any of these In the Philippines, which condition is the most frequent cause of death associated with schistosomiasis? a) Liver cancer b) Liver cirrhosis c) Bladder cancer d) Intestinal perforation e) Jaundice Patient T is asking his nurse if he is a Tuberculosis patient or not. Which of the following laboratory tests is needed to definitively confirm a diagnosis for this condition? * Mantoux test Purified protein derivative test Sputum sensitivity Sputum smear microscopy None of these As a community health nurse serving a barangay with probable and suspected COVID-19 cases, you would instruct a patient without any respiratory symptoms but has traveled recently to China to do which of the following actions? SATA. * Proceed to the nearest health center for consultation Have self be checked at the nearest hospital Do self-quarantine for at least 2 weeks Inform BHERT about the case of the patient Post at social media sites about your case and tell the public to "press like and share" You are giving a health education seminar on food handling and food-borne diseases. You know full well that the factors that contribute to the occurrence of food-transmitted diseases include all of the following, EXCEPT for: * A. Consumption of improperly cooked food B. Eating habits of the population such as eating raw food C. Lack of fuel for cooking food D. Over-consumption of locally available food. E. None of these The mother is preparing for their discharge. She tells the nurse that she is relieved that everything is fine and her daughter is now immune to dengue. The nurse replies based on the knowledge that: A. Immunity against one serotype of dengue can lead to immunity to other serotypes B. Immunity against one serotype does not make the individual immune to other serotypes C. Immunity against all dengue viruses is based on the individual’s immune response D. Cross-immunity to other viruses is possible only if infected with DEN-4 serotype E. Immunity to dengue is dependent on the intake of the patient of nutritious foods, adequate amount of fluids, and ingestion of dark-green leafy vegetables. What are the important tools that help the nurse identify community health needs? SATA. * Vital statistics Demography Epidemiology Public health bag Observance of handwashing and proper donning of PPE The nurse places a patient in isolation. Isolation techniques have the potential to break the chain of infection by interfering with what component of the chain of infection? * A. Susceptible host B. Mode of transmission C. Reservoir D. Causative agent E. Portal of entry A person will be classified as a confirmed case when that person: SATA. * Tests negative in the RT-PCR testing Tests positive in the RT-PCR testing in a laboratory facility which is still awaiting approval by the DOH Presents signs and symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, body pains, and coughing but has not yet been tested Presents fever, body pains, and coughing and has a travel history to a place where COVID-19 is rampant and is only awaiting test results Had a positive RT-PCR test result conducted in SPMC The condition of Patient B is closely watched for signs of hypovolemic shock due to having dengue infection. Which of the following should the nurse report as early signs of hypovolemic shock? SATA. * 1. Lethargy 2. Rapid pulse 3. Clammy skin 4. Cyanosis 5. Restlessness 6. Hematemesis A week after having coital relations with someone you met at a bar, you noticed that you are having thick, foul-smelling purulent discharges and burning sensation when urinating. Based on these symptoms, you start to think that you might be having which of the following conditions? * Clap Gonorrhea Candidiasis Syphillis HIV-AIDS Which of the following statement is TRUE about “bird flu”? * A. All forms of bird flu can easily cause illness to humans B. Domestic poultry flocks are much less vulnerable to infections C. Infected chickens can also infect domestic animals like cats and dogs D. Only birds are normally infected by the viruses, less commonly pigs E. All of these After a year of religiously following the recommended administration of vaccinations, Mother Bb is worried that her daughter, Bb Girl, has not yet developed the needed immunity against immunizationpreventable diseases such as measles infection. You, as her community health nurse, fully know that the Department of Health has initiated which of the following programs to address this concern? * Reaching every barangay (REB) strategy Reaching every purok (REP) strategy Supplemental immunization activity (SIA) Ligtas Tigdas None of these The pathognomonic sign of measles is Koplik’s spot. You may see Koplik’s spot by inspecting the: * a) Nasal mucosa b) Buccal mucosa c) Skin on the abdomen d) Skin on the antecubital surface e) Bulbar conjunctiva Dengue patients admitted in government-accredited hospitals and were previously immunized with Dengvaxia during a government program (school-based or community-based) but are not yet members of the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP), or patients without current coverage, shall be registered under the Point-of-Service (POS) Program to avail themselves of PhilHealth benefits. The PhilHealth offers a package of how much for a diagnosis of dengue with warning signs? * A. PHP 10,000 B. PHP 16,000 C. PHP 32,000 A. PHP 9,000 E. Not applicable if patient is not a member of PhilHealth. The eggs of Taenia Solium or Taenia Saginata may be ingested by the pigs or cattle who serve as intermediate hosts. Which of the following measures will PREVENT access to animals from ingesting Taenia eggs? * A. Quarantine or isolate the animals B. Feeding the pigs and cattle with clean foods. C. Proper disposal of human feces D. Protect the animals by giving them vitamins E. None of these A clinical instructor has assigned his students to conduct health teaching in the community regarding Dengue Prevention and Control. The student nurse is correct when she states all of the following information about dengue, except: * Dengue virus is a single stranded RNA virus of four types (DEN-1, 2, 3, 4) that belong to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Considering the similarity of the genus of these types, a previouslyinfected person can develop an immunity to the other types of dengue. A person who has been previously infected with dengue may develop a lifetime immunity against the infection. The dengue virus can be transmitted from one person to another through blood contact. The diagnosis of a dengue infection can be confirmed through performing Dengue NS1 antigen test The period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms of dengue lasts for about 3 days to 2 weeks, but it commonly lasts for about a week. Nurse Y is intending to determine whether Patient X who was admitted to the hospital the previous day has bacterial wound infection. What laboratory study should Nurse Y review to obtain this information? A. The complete blood count (CBC) B. Microbiology report C. MRI report D. Chemistry studies E. Wound biopsy A teenager nicknamed Neneng B informs Nurse Nik that she is afraid of contracting a sexuallytransmitted infection but her boyfriend is against the use of condoms. What is the best response by Nurse Nik in this situation? * "You are too young to be having sex at all!" "If he won't use a condom, then he doesn't care about you." "The use of condoms is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of acquiring an STI." "I can understand your concern and you should bring him here so that I can talk with him about STIs." "It is okay not to use condoms. What is not okay is asking your friends in Facebook to send you videos about circulating scandals online." Which among the following body fluids transmits HIV/AIDS causative agent? * Captionless Image 1235 12345 123456 6 123 An infectious illness such as SARS and MERS-CoV is said to be eliminated or is no longer a public health problem when its incidences have been reduced to a level below: * 1 case per 1,000 population 1 case per 1,000,000 population 1 case per 100,000 population 1 case per 10,000 population None of these When humans are infected, the following signs and symptoms of bird flu may appear, EXCEPT: * A. Fever B. Sore eyes/ Sore throat C. Chicken rashes D. Body weakness E. None of these Nursing care of clients diagnosed with rabies is the provision of this comfortable environment which is: * A. Adequately supplied with food and water B. Quiet and dark C. Provided with soft music D. Accessible to medication E. Near the windows As a communicable disease nurse, you know that the definitive diagnosis of Rabies infection is done through: * Slit skin test Rabies agglutination test Direct stool examination Microscopic demonstration of psedohyphae or yeast cells in secretions of infected persons None of these You have a mild cough, runny nose, and low fever but you still reported to work. Which of the following actions is NOT an effective way to control your condition? A. Do frequent hand washing B. Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough C. Minimize working with clients highly susceptible to infections D. Use mask, gloves and gown while working E. All of these After attending a conference at a hotel for several days, a patient is having symptoms suspected of being related to Legionnaire's disease. When making a bed assignment for this patient, how should the assignment be made? The patient should be placed in a private room on droplet precautions. The patient should be placed in a negative pressure room. The patient can be placed in a semi-private room because the disease is not transmitted from person to person. The patient should be placed in a private room on airborne precautions. The patient must be admitted at an intensive care unit and contact precautions must be instituted. To decrease the incidences of dengue infections in the community, the nurse should promote the following Search and Destroy Seek Early Consultation Self Protection Measures Say yes to fogging only during outbreaks Shat para igat! According to the Dengue Prevention and Control Program, when a previously well individual complained of having fever for 1-7 days which was accompanied by headache and petechial rash (Hermann's sign), the child is said to be: * A. Probable dengue B. Suspect dengue C. Confirmed dengue D. Severe dengue E. Dengue with warning signs Nurse B is taking care of a patient who is bacteriologically-positive for TB infection. Upon assessment, the patient's vitals reveal a temp of 36.3 deg. Cel., BP of 110/80 mmHg, HR of 68 bpm, and an RR of 18 cpm. There were, however, few episodes wherein the patient manifested occasional bouts of tachypnea. Basing from this scenario, you correctly identify the patient's situation as: * A colonization An infection An infectious disease All of these None of these You are taking care of a COVID-19 patient who recently died at home because of suffering from loss of breath. The family of the patient asks you regarding you certifies the death certificate of the patient. You correctly answer this question by stating that the certifier of death is: * Attending physician Medico-legal officer Local health officer Immediate relatives Embalmer How many cases of polio do the Philippine government need to initiate an epidemiologic response by the epidemiologic surveillance unit? * 1 5 10 3 None of these The best way to decrease the risk of transferring pathogens to a patient when removing contaminated gloves is to: A. Wash the gloves before removing them. B. Gently pull on the fingers of the gloves when removing them. C. Gently pull just below the cuff and invert the gloves when removing them. D. Remove the gloves and then turn them inside out. E. Pull on the fingers of one glove, place the glove once removed together with the other glove, then remove the other glove by pulling on the fingers as well A patient, who is exhibiting signs of rabies, is admitted to San Lazaro Hospital. The patient’s mother is in disbelief since her son was bitten by a dog 2 years ago. The nurse correctly responds by explaining to the mother that: * A. Incubation period of rabies is 1-3 months B. Incubation period of rabies is 1-3 weeks C. That bite two years ago did not cause the rabies D. Rabies virus does not live that long E. None of these Patients with confirmed dengue infection should be managed by observing which of the following measures? 2 points Give Paracetamol or other NSAIDs such as acetylsalicylic acid or ibuprofen every 6 hours for high fever and muscle pain Encourage oral intake of ORS, citrus juices (including grape juice), and other fluids containing electrolytes, and sugar to replace losses If the patient cannot tolerate oral hydration, start IV fluid therapy of 0.9% saline or Ringer's lactate at maintenance rate. Protect patient from trauma and institute strict bed rest. The administration of intramuscular injections must be avoided. For episodes of nose bleeding, maintain an elevated position and apply warm compress over the nose bridge You are educating a group of mothers regarding the threat of Bilharziasis in a barangay in Mindoro. You correctly state that the most common vector of this illness is: Oncomelania quadrasi Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma mansoni Indirect contact with skin pores Contaminated water Patient R came to the ED for complaints of having a sore on her lip (painless) which developed about ten days after she had oral sex with someone she met at a local bar. Nurse B suspects that this is a chancre and immediately suggests testing for syphilis. If the result of this test goes positive, what stage is the patient probably in? * Primary Secondary Latency Tertiary Information is inadequate. There are measures that should be observed by humans to prevent bird flu infection. Which of the following is NOT included? * A. Non-poultry workers should avoid contact with the chickens and ducks as much as possible B. All poultry farm workers should be given the current season’s flu vaccine C. Avoid eating chicken or any poultry products until the epidemic has abated D. Advise people on proper cooking of poultry meat and eggs E. None of these According to the recent classification of COVID-19 cases set by the World Health Organization and the Department of Health, patients with mild respiratory symptoms such as dry cough and fever but have not been tested yet are classified as: * Probable PUM PUI Suspect Confirmed Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like the face mask when worn correctly offers maximum protection against transmission of droplets. Below are descriptions of how a mask is worn. Which statement describes a CORRECTLY WORN MASK? * A. The mask is placed to cover the nose, ear and mouth tied at the back of the head B. Place the mask to cover the nose and mouth with two ties tied at the back of the head C. With the two loops on either side of the mask, anchor it to both ears and adjust to cover the nose and the mouth D. The mask is placed to cover the nose and mouth with the four sides snugly fitting against the skin and with the two pairs of ties tied separately at the back of the head E. The mask covers the nose, mouth, and chin, making sure that no air enters the mask at all times Antiretroviral agents, such as AZT, are used in the management of AIDS. Which of the following is NOT an action expected of these drugs? * 1 point a) They prolong the life of the client with AIDS. b) They reduce the risk of opportunistic infections c) They shorten the period of communicability of the disease. d) They are able to bring about a cure of the disease condition. e) None of these There has been a reported increase in the number of skin infections in a private psychiatric ward in Davao City. A contagion is suspected. The term "contagion" is transmitted by: * Airborne particles Respiratory droplets Direct contact Contaminated food Mechanical transfer (e.g., mosquito bite)