Ionic bonding activity
Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom. The
number of valence electrons largely defines the properties of the element, and relates
to the group number.
1. Complete the following table:
Element
Number of
Electronic
outer shell
Electron dot
configuration
(valence)
model
electrons
Oxygen
(2,6)
6
Lithium
(2,1)
1
Fluorine
Aluminium
Sodium
Chlorine
Bromine
(2, 8, 18*, 7)
Magnesium
Hydrogen
* For elements beyond 20 electrons, our rule of 2,8,8 doesn’t apply
Data table 1
2. A stable ‘octet’ is a valence (outer shell) arrangement of _________ electrons.
a. 1
b. 6
c. 8
d. 12
3. Metals tend to ___________________________ electrons to form positive cations.
a. gain/accept
b. lose/donate
4. Non-metals tend to_________________________ electrons to form negative anions.
5. Complete the following table:
Element
Will it gain or
How many
Ion
Metal or
lose electrons
electrons will it
symbol
non-metal?
to become an
gain or lose during
with
ion?
ionisation?
charge
Oxygen
non-metal
gain e
-
2
O
Lithium
metal
lose e
-
1
Li
non-metal
gain or lose
1 in either case
H or H
2-
+
Fluorine
Aluminium
Sodium
Chlorine
Bromine
Magnesium
Hydrogen
-
+
Data table 2
Ionic compound created
Electron dot models
Electron dot model
including transfer of
formula unit for the ionic
electrons
compound
Hydrogen and Fluorine
HF
Lithium and Hydrogen
Sodium and Chloride
Magnesium and Oxygen
Magnesium and Bromine
Data table 3
Ionic compound created
Electron dot models
Electron dot model
including transfer of
formula unit for the ionic
electrons
compound
Lithium and Oxygen
Aluminium and Oxygen
Aluminium and Fluorine
Data table 4
●
Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms.
●
Metal atoms lose their outer electrons to form positive ions (cations).
●
Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
●
The positive and negative ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of
attraction between opposite charges.
●
This force of attraction is known as an ionic bond, which holds the compound
together.