MFB 2061
ENGINEERING TEAM PROJECT
JANUARY 2024 SEMESTER
GROUP 22
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced Roadblock Automation System (ARAS)
EXTENDED PROPOSAL
Supervisor: AP DR Nor Zaihar Bin Yahya
Date of submission: week 11
Name
Mclaren Maja Franklin
Arif Danial Bin Aeizaal Azman
Muhammad Zainularif Bin Johari
Nurfaiz Syahmilya Binti Shahiran
Iyad Shauqi Bin Ahmad
Zharfan Rahimi Bin Zulkifli
Ahmad Nasrul Naim Bin Che Rashid
ID
21001469
21001449
21001448
22003026
21001542
21001530
21001522
1
Course
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Petroleum Engineering
Table of contents
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 3
2.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Project Background ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Problem Statement ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Project Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.0 DESIGN THINKING ........................................................................................................ 9
3.1 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 11
3.2 Apply Design Thinking Tools (Survey) ......................................................................................... 12
4.0 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 23
4.1 Project Execution ........................................................................................................................ 23
4.2 How the Prototype Works .......................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Problems That will be solved with the Usage of Prototype ........................................................ 26
4.4 Design Concept ........................................................................................................................... 27
5.0 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 31
5.1 Project/Workflow........................................................................................................................ 31
5.2 Identification of Tools, Hardware, and Software ........................................................................ 33
5.3 Justification of Fabrication Choices ............................................................................................ 33
6.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING ................................................................... 34
6.1 Task Listing and Distribution ....................................................................................................... 34
6.2 Feasibility of Plan ........................................................................................................................ 36
6.3Gantt Chart .................................................................................................................................. 37
7.0 ECONOMICAL/BUSINESS CONSIDERATION ....................................................... 39
7.1 Capital Cost Consideration .......................................................................................................... 39
7.2 Operational Cost Consideration.................................................................................................. 39
8.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 41
9.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................. 42
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Our project focuses on the development and evaluation of an Advanced Roadblock
Automation System to address the persistent challenges posed by traditional roadblock
management methods in urban environments. The current manual processes lead to
inefficiencies and delays in vehicle inspections, particularly regarding road tax verification,
contributing to traffic congestion and frustration among commuters and law enforcement
agencies. To tackle these issues, we propose the implementation of an automated system
capable of streamlining roadblock management, improving data-driven decision-making, and
enhancing overall traffic flow efficiency. Through surveys and stakeholder consultations, we
have identified the need for real-time data and automated systems to expedite inspections and
optimize resource allocation. Our Advanced Roadblock Automation System aims to address
these needs by leveraging technology to automate processes and minimize disruptions. By
conducting rigorous testing and validation exercises, we aim to demonstrate the system's
effectiveness in expediting inspections and improving roadblock management efficiency.
Ultimately, our project seeks to enhance the quality of urban mobility experiences by
mitigating the adverse effects of roadblocks, optimizing resource utilization, and improving
road safety. We believe that the implementation of the Advanced Roadblock Automation
System will not only streamline roadblock management practices but also contribute to
smoother traffic flow and enhanced overall urban mobility.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Project Background
Advanced Roadblock Automation System
In the contemporary urban landscape, traffic congestion and delays due to roadblocks
are persistent challenges that impact both commuters and law enforcement agencies.
Recognizing the need for innovative solutions to streamline traffic flow and enhance
operational efficiency, our project focuses on the development and evaluation of an Advanced
Roadblock Automation System. This system aims to revolutionize traditional roadblock
management by leveraging cutting-edge technology to automate processes, minimize
disruptions, and optimize resource utilization.
The primary objective of this project is to conduct comprehensive research to assess
the reliability and effectiveness of the Advanced Roadblock Automation System in real-world
scenarios. To achieve this goal, the project will follow a structured methodology comprising
several key steps:
1. Survey and Data Collection
The initial phase of the project involves conducting surveys to gather insights into individuals'
experiences with traffic jams resulting from roadblocks. By engaging with a diverse range of
respondents, including commuters, motorists, and pedestrians, we aim to gain a holistic
understanding of the impact of roadblocks on daily travel routines, productivity, and overall
quality of life.
2. Consultation
In parallel with the survey, the project will engage with law enforcement agencies, specifically
the police, to obtain valuable input regarding roadblock management practices, operational
challenges, and the potential benefits of implementing an automated solution. Collaborating
will ensure that the system is designed to align with regulatory requirements and operational
protocols.
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3. Data Analysis and Evaluation
Upon completion of data collection, the project team will analyse the gathered information to
identify patterns, trends, and critical insights related to roadblock occurrences, duration, and
associated delays. Through advanced statistical analysis and qualitative interpretation, we will
assess the feasibility and potential impact of deploying the Advanced Roadblock Automation
System (ARAS) in mitigating traffic congestion and enhancing overall traffic management
efficiency.
4. Product Validation and Performance Testing
The final phase of the project will involve validating the effectiveness of the Advanced
Roadblock Automation System through rigorous performance testing and validation exercises.
By simulating real-world scenarios and deploying the system in controlled environments, we
will evaluate its ability to speed up checking road users' compliance with regulatory
requirements, such as road tax verification. Through comparative analysis and benchmarking
against existing manual processes, we aim to demonstrate the tangible benefits and return on
investment associated with adopting the automated solution.
In summary, the Advanced Roadblock Automation System project represents a
proactive approach to addressing the challenges posed by roadblocks and traffic congestion.
By leveraging empirical research, stakeholder engagement, and technological innovation, we
seek to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of roadblock management
practices, ultimately contributing to safer, smoother, and more seamless urban mobility
experiences.
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2.2 Problem Statement
Despite advancements in transportation infrastructure and technology, roadblocks
continue to pose significant challenges to urban mobility, resulting in traffic congestion, delays,
and inefficiencies in road management. Traditional roadblock management methods often rely
on manual processes, leading to delays in vehicle inspections, particularly regarding road tax
verification, and causing frustration among commuters and law enforcement agencies.
Moreover, the lack of real-time data and automated systems exacerbates the problem, hindering
effective decision-making and resource allocation. As such, there is a pressing need for
innovative solutions to streamline roadblock management, minimize disruptions, and enhance
overall traffic flow efficiency. The absence of an advanced, automated roadblock management
system hampers the optimization of resources, increases the risk of traffic accidents, and
undermines the quality of urban mobility experiences for residents and visitors alike.
Addressing these challenges requires the development and implementation of an Advanced
Roadblock Automation System capable of leveraging technology to expedite inspections,
improve data-driven decision-making, and mitigate the adverse effects of roadblocks on urban
transportation networks.
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2.3 Project Objectives
This project aims to:
1. To conduct research on the reliability of the product in the real world
Step 1: To define research goals.
Step 2: To gather data from surveys and observations.
Step 3: To test system performance.
Step 4: To analyze results.
Step 5: To draw conclusions on system reliability.
2. To inquire the respondents regarding their personal experiences with traffic jam due to
roadblock. (Conducting Survey)
Step 1: Create a questionnaire about traffic jams caused by roadblocks.
Step 2: Select who will participate in the survey.
Step 3: Send the survey via email, social media, or in-person.
Step 4: Gather answers from participants.
Step 5: Look for patterns and trends in the responses.
3. To inquire police regarding time.
Step 1: Reach out to relevant law enforcement agencies.
Step 2: Arrange a meeting or discussion with police representatives.
Step 3: Ask specific questions about the time required for traditional roadblock
management processes.
Step 4: Take notes or record the information provided by the police.
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Step 5: Seek clarification on any unclear or ambiguous information.
4. To analyse data obtained from survey and interview.
Step 1: Compile survey responses and interview notes.
Step 2: Familiarize yourself with the collected information.
Step 3: Look for recurring topics or patterns.
Step 4: Compare and contrast responses for insights.
5. To prove the product is effective in solving time wasting in checking road users’ road
tax.
Step 1: To define specific metrics or criteria for measuring effectiveness in reducing
time wasted on road tax checks.
Step 2: To compare the time taken for road tax checks before and after implementing
the product.
Step 3: To collect data on the time required for road tax checks both before and after
implementing the product.
Step 4: To compare the data to determine if there is a significant reduction in time
wasted on road tax checks after implementing the product.
Step 5: Consider any other factors that may have influenced the results, such as changes
in traffic volume or roadblock frequency.
Step 6: To determine whether the product has effectively reduced time wasted on road
tax checks based on the analysis of the data.
Step 7: Communicate the results of the analysis to stakeholders to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the product in improving efficiency.
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3.0 DESIGN THINKING
Figure 3.0 Design Thinking Flow
Figure 3.0 shows design thinking tools and how it works. Design thinking tools play a crucial
role in the development and implementation of the Advanced Roadblock Automation
System (ARAS). Here are some key tools and their significance.
Stage 1 (Empathize): Empathy mapping is crucial in understanding the needs and emotions of
drivers passing through checkpoints. By immersing ourselves in their perspective, we aim to
develop a system that caters to their specific requirements, ensuring a smooth and efficient
process for both drivers and police officers.
Stage 2 (Define): Identifying the challenges faced by drivers at inspection points helps us
visualize their entire experience. This step allows us to pinpoint critical touchpoints and areas
for enhancement, fostering a user-centric approach to our roadblock removal system's design.
Stage 3 (Ideate): Brainstorming innovative solutions to streamline the inspection process for
drivers is essential. Through creative idea generation, we aim to address the identified
challenges effectively. The most promising idea will be selected for implementation.
Stage 4 (Prototype): Prototyping and iterative design play a key role in refining our roadblock
removal system. By creating prototypes and gathering feedback, we can iteratively enhance the
system's functionality, usability, and overall design.
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Stage 5 (Test): Usability testing is vital for observing how drivers interact with our system.
This feedback-driven approach ensures that our solution meets expectations and provides a
seamless experience for all stakeholders involved in the inspection process.
(Improve): Following testing, we analyse feedback to make necessary adjustments for
enhancing the efficiency of our roadblock removal system. Each improvement decision is
backed by clear justifications to ensure optimal performance and user satisfaction.
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3.1 Literature Review
In this section, there are writings by experts from all around the world to help us in
achieving the objectives we have set from the beginning. By extracting the experiences done by
them, we will be able to get both guidance and anything bad to avoid.
Within the domains of transportation and urban development, the issue of alleviating
traffic congestion resulting from roadblocks has spurred a surge in technological advancements
aimed at optimizing traffic flow efficiency. This literature review delves into the exploration of
utilizing cutting-edge technologies to address the disruptions and delays associated with
roadblocks, paving the way for more seamless and sustainable urban transportation solutions.
Research by Lovely Professional University and Indian Institute of Science and
Education and Research (IISER) showcases an algae-based air purifier that can neutralize 98%
of harmful gases, highlighting the potential of innovative solutions in air purification ((PDF) A
Review of Existing Traffic Jam Reduction and Avoidance Technologies, n.d.).
By examining existing literature, case studies, and progress in the field, this review seeks
to investigate the potential implications of incorporating tools like Arduino Uno, OV7670 camera
modules, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, solar panels, and rechargeable batteries in enhancing
roadblock inspections and streamlining driver data verification processes. The integration of
these advanced technologies shows promise in transforming how roadblocks are managed,
ultimately leading to enhanced traffic management strategies and a smoother commuting
experience for individuals.
Through a thorough examination of literature and advancements in technology-driven
solutions for traffic control, this review aims to offer valuable insights into the transformative
possibilities of utilizing technology to mitigate traffic congestion arising from roadblocks. By
synthesizing current knowledge and emerging developments in this field, this literature review
aims to contribute to the ongoing discussions on improving urban mobility through innovative
technological interventions.
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3.2 Apply Design Thinking Tools (Survey)
To understand the problems faced by road user regarding the traffic jam caused by roadblock,
a survey that contains a total of 18 questions was created. Our target audiences for this project
are the road users from various ages. Each of the team members are responsible for collecting
the data from any platform and get the data.
Figure 3.2.1 Result for Question 1
Figure 3.2.1 shows the result for question 1. Based on the first question, majority of our
respondents were coming from the respondents that aged from 18 to 24 years old. This shows
that the respondents are mainly from Generation Z and the millennials. This can be the
indication that the respondents can make use digital technology for easing daily activities.
Figure 3.2.2 Result for Question 2
Figure 3.2.2 shows the result for question 2. The result question shown both genders are most
equally answering the survey. It concluded that the respondent of the survey is going to fix for
both genders.
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Figure 3.2.3 Result for Question 3
Figure 3.2.3 shows the results for question 3. For the next question, most of our respondents
which is 23 out of 32 respondents were students, 7 of them are employed and the other 1 of
them are unemployed. This shows that they have their own working time that they need to face
the traffic jam. This shown how our data somehow can be accurate to determine either the
community faced with traffic jam or not.
Figure 3.2.4 Result for Question 4
Figure 3.2.4 shows the results for question 4. The result shown that rarely the respondents faced
with traffic jams with 11 voting. However, we can see that 6 people voting that they faced with
traffic jams caused by roadblock every day. Furthermore, other 6 people voting that they faced
with traffic jams several times a week and other 9 faced it occasionally. It shown that most of
the respondents faced the traffic jams frequently in their daily live.
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Figure 3.2.5 Result for Question 5
Figure 3.2.5 shows the result for question 5. From the data visible in the image, the most
common delay time reported by respondents is between 15-30 minutes, as indicated by the
largest segment of the pie chart (orange). The second most common delay time is less than 15
minutes (blue), followed by delays of 30 minutes to 1 hour (green). No respondents reported
being delayed for more than 1 hour due to roadblocks (red). This shown that roadblocks do
cause delays in traffic, the majority of these delays are more that 15 minutes and some of it
consume it till 1 hour.
Figure 3.2.6 Result for Question 6
Figure 3.2.6 shows the result for question 6. The blue segment accounts for approximately
68.75% of the chart, while the orange segment accounts for approximately 31.25%. This
indicates that the majority of the respondents, more than two-thirds, have missed important
appointments or events due to traffic congestion caused by roadblocks.
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Figure 3.2.7 Result for Question 7
Figure 3.2.7 shows the result for question 7. The largest segment is coloured orange and
represents the respondents who indicated that roadblocks slightly increase their stress levels.
The second largest segment, coloured blue, represents those who feel that roadblocks
significantly increase their stress. The smallest segment, coloured green, indicates that only
one respondent felt there was no significant impact on their stress levels. There are no responses
in the "Other" category.
This shown that the majority of respondents experience an increase in stress due to roadblocks
affecting traffic flow, with a nearly equal split between those who feel a significant increase
and those who feel a slight increase. Only a very small portion of the respondents reported no
significant impact on their stress levels.
Figure 3.2.8 Result for Question 8
Figure 3.2.8 shows the result for question 8. The image provided is a pie chart from a survey
asking respondents about measures that could be implemented to minimize traffic congestion
resulting from roadblocks. The chart displays three answer choices with corresponding
segments:
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"Enhanced traffic management strategies" is the most popular choice, represented by the blue
segment, which occupies approximately two-thirds of the pie chart.
"Efficient roadblock clearance processes" is the second most popular choice, represented by
the green segment.
"Improved roadblock notification..." is the least popular choice, represented by the orange
segment.
No respondents chose the "Other (please specify)" option.
The data suggests that the majority of respondents believe enhanced traffic management
strategies are the most effective measure.
Figure 3.2.9 Result for Question 9
Figure 3.2.9 shows the result for question 9. The largest segment is green, indicating that most
respondents (16 out of 32) are neutral regarding the authorities' response time. The other
segments show varying degrees of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, with "Somewhat Satisfied"
being the next most common response (7 out of 32), followed by "Somewhat Dissatisfied" (6
out of 32). Very few respondents are at the extremes of "Very Satisfied" (1 out of 32) or "Very
Dissatisfied" (2 out of 32). In this case, the pie chart provides a quick visual summary of the
overall sentiment towards the authorities' response time, with a clear indication that most
respondents are neutral, and a smaller proportion have varying levels of satisfaction or
dissatisfaction.
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Figure 3.2.10 Result for Question 10
Figure 3.2.10 shows the result for question 10. The chart is divided into three segments, each
representing a different response to the survey question:
Positive impact (e.g., increased safety): Represented by the blue segment, which includes 7
responses. This indicates that a minority of the respondents perceive roadblocks as having a
positive effect on traffic congestion, potentially due to reasons like increased safety.
Negative impact (e.g., frustration): Represented by the orange segment, which includes 19
responses. This is the largest segment, suggesting that most respondents feel that roadblocks
negatively impact traffic congestion, possibly leading to frustration and delays.
No significant impact: Represented by the green segment, which includes 6 responses. This
segment indicates that a smaller group of respondents believe roadblocks do not significantly
affect traffic congestion in their area.
The pie chart indicates that the perception of roadblocks is predominantly negative among the
survey participants, with a considerable number of respondents associating roadblocks with
negative impacts on traffic congestion. Only a few respondents see a positive impact or no
significant impact from roadblocks on traffic congestion.
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Figure 3.2.11 Result for Question 11
Figure 3.2.11 shows the result for question 11. The chart is divided into four segments, each
representing a different level of familiarity:
"Very familiar" with 2 responses (green segment)
"Somewhat familiar" with 12 responses (orange segment)
"Not very familiar" with 14 responses (blue segment)
"Not familiar at all" with 4 responses (red segment)
The largest segment is "Not very familiar," indicating that most respondents lack familiarity
with the concept. The "Somewhat familiar" segment is the second largest, showing that a
moderate number of respondents have some knowledge of the concept. The "Very familiar"
and "Not familiar at all" segments are the smallest, suggesting that very few respondents are
either very knowledgeable or completely unaware of the technology's use in roadblock
inspections and driver data verification.
Figure 3.2.12 Result for Question 12
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Figure 3.2.12 shows the result for question 12. The majority of respondents (26 out of 32) agree
or strongly agree that integrating advanced technologies like Arduino Uno, cameras, and
sensors can improve the efficiency of roadblock inspections. This suggests a general consensus
that such technological integration is beneficial. Only a small number (6 out of 32) are neutral
or disagree, with the majority of those being neutral.
Figure 3.2.13 Result for Question 13
Figure 3.2.13 shows the result for question 13. The pie chart indicates that all respondents (32
votes) support the use of renewable energy, as there are no votes for preferring traditional
power sources. The chart is color-coded, with the renewable energy option represented in blue.
There is no additional context provided in the image regarding the number of total respondents,
the demographic of the respondents, or the organization conducting the poll.
Figure 3.2.14 Result for Question 14
Figure 3.2.14 shows the result for question 14. The chart indicates that the majority of
respondents consider swift and accurate roadblock inspections to be either "important" (18
responses) or "extremely important" (12 responses) for minimizing traffic disruptions. This
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suggests that there is a strong preference among the survey participants for efficient roadblock
inspections to reduce the negative impact on traffic flow.
Figure 3.2.15 Result for Question 15
Figure 3.2.15 shows the result for question 15. The largest segment, in light blue, indicates that
the most common perceived benefit is faster processing times. This suggests that respondents
believe technology integration can significantly speed up roadblock inspections and driver data
verification processes. The red and purple segments, representing enhanced accuracy in data
verification and improved safety measures, respectively, are also notable, indicating that these
are also considered important benefits of technology integration. The green segment, which is
the smallest, shows that a smaller number of respondents see reduced environmental impact as
a benefit, but it is still a recognized advantage. The yellow segment labelled "Other" has no
responses, indicating that all the respondents chose one of the listed benefits rather than
specifying another benefit.
Figure 3.2.16 Result for Question 16
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Figure 3.2.16 shows the result for question 16. From the pie chart, we can see that the majority
of respondents, 25 in total, are willing to adapt to new inspection methods that involve
technology. A smaller group, consisting of 7 respondents, is unsure about adopting such
methods. Notably, there are 0 respondents who prefer to stick with current methods without
any change. In this case, the pie chart effectively communicates that there is a strong inclination
among the respondents towards adopting new technology-based inspection methods, with no
opposition to change indicated by the survey results. it clearly shows a significant majority
favouring adaptation to new technology, a smaller group of uncertainty, and no resistance to
change.
Figure 3.2.17 Result for Question 17
Figure 3.2.17 shows the result for question 17. The pie chart indicates that the majority of
respondents are in favour of removing traditional roadblocks for technology-driven systems,
with 29 out of 32 respondents (14 "very likely" and 15 "somewhat likely") expressing some
level of support. Only 3 respondents are neutral, and none are against the idea.
Figure 3.2.18 Result for Question 18
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Figure 3.2.18 shows the result for question 18. The chart shows that a significant majority of
respondents are in favour of using technology in roadblock inspections to improve efficiency
and sustainability in compliance with regulations, with 31 out of 32 respondents expressing
some level of belief in the statement. The largest segment is "Believe so," followed by
"Strongly believe so," indicating a strong consensus among the participants. There is a strong
belief among the respondents that technology can enhance the efficiency and sustainability of
roadblock inspections for regulatory compliance.
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4.0 DISCUSSION
4.1 Project Execution
Brainstorming ideas for
the prototype
(week 2)
Modifications to prototype
ideas are done based on the
research and surveys.
(Week 7)
Consultation with
supervisor on the chosen
idea for the prototype
Drafting of ideas details
and rough draft on the
prototype
(week 3)
(week 4)
Survey questions are
finalized. Online surveys
are released to public
targeted customers.
Finalization with
supervisor for the final
draft of the prototype
(week 5)
(Week 6)
Preparing proposal and the
initial actual design of the
prototype
Preparing of the proposal
with supervisor
supervision
Finishing the proposal
and recording video for
the presentation
(week 8)
(week 9)
(week 10)
Peer evaluation form
filled by each of team
members.
Proposal presentation to
the panel
(week 12)
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(week 11)
4.2 How the Prototype Works
Roadblocks for police inspection can lead to slow traffic making it difficult for both the drivers
and police officers that are assigned at the time. However, with advancement of technology
roadblocks may be removed entirely and ensure more efficient in terms of time and energy to
check data of drivers for their road tax and license and registration. In this prototype, we will
be using an Arduino uno, OV7670 camera module, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, solar panel
and a rechargeable battery. The following will show how each component will function in the
prototype.
1. Arduino Uno: Arduino will function as brain of the prototype where it will as it offers the
required processing power for the task as well to be interactive with other part for the
prototype.
•
Input/output: the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, OV7670 camera, and LCD screen
will be connected to the Arduino uno pins. It will show the detail of the passing
vehicle as an output when the ultrasonic sensor gives the input.
•
Microcontroller: the machine learning algorithm for the detection of number plates
is implemented into the microcontroller of the Arduino Uno. It will analyse the
picture taken by camera and will process the image to be cross map with JPJ data
on the vehicle.
2. HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor: the sensor function to detect incoming cars that are coming. It
uses ultrasonic sound waves and the distance of the moving car as it output.
•
Trigger and Echo: The sensor receives a trigger signal from the Arduino Uno, which
starts the ultrasonic wave emission. The sensor then detects the reflected waves and
communicates with the Arduino Uno by sending an echo signal.
3. Solar panel: the solar panel function as power supply to the Arduino board to ensure it can
function without the use of external power supply.
•
Battery charger and main power supply: the solar panel will supply power to the
lithium battery so extra electrical energy can be stored in case if there is no or low
illumination to power the Arduino board.
•
Voltage Regulator: to ensure that the power supply to the camera is stable and
supply suitable voltage to the camera.
All the components that are stated will be in the number plate detection system, that will use
all the input from each component to be integrated by the JPJ dataset. With this we can reduce
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the number of roadblocks at the same time reduce the congestion of traffic with each roadblock
and police as well as JPJ can focus more on the safety of users on the road.
Checking of road tax expiry can be automated using the correct Machine Learning (ML)
Algorithms. By incorporating Machine Vision, the car plate images can be transferred to the
software where it will be processed using specific Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
algorithms as according to Qadri et al. The OCR will then classify the texts using pre-trained
data and provide a high level of recognition accuracy. This data will then be cross-referenced
with JPJ’s own data server to check the expiry date of the road tax.
The whole process is shown in the flow chart below:
Figure shows the process of Advanced Roadblock Automation System
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4.3 Problems That will be solved with the Usage of Prototype
Implementing a prototype for a software solution designed to scan car plate numbers
and verify road tax payment offers several advantages, primarily centred around efficiency,
accuracy, and cost reduction. With this prototype in place, the process of checking road tax
payment becomes automated, significantly reducing the time needed for each vehicle to pass
through roadblocks. This enhanced efficiency translates to fewer delays for motorists and
reduced congestion on the roads.
Furthermore, the scalability of the prototype leads to long-term cost savings by handling
increased volumes of vehicles efficiently, thus reducing operational expenses for law
enforcement agencies. Overall, the prototype represents a significant step towards modernizing
road tax enforcement in Malaysia, promoting transparency, accountability, and enhanced road
safety.
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4.4 Design Concept
4.4.1 Overall Prototype Plan (2D)
Figure 4.4.1
4.4.2 Proposed Components with Designs
Casing Design
Figure 4.4.2.1
The highlight of the design lies at the top. It is an integrated compartment acts as a dual-purpose
unit. The main body serves as a secure case, protecting the camera body from dust, moisture,
and minor impacts during transport and deployment. This ensures the camera remains ready
for capturing license plates whenever needed.
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Attached to the top of the case is a rectangular solar panel. This eco-friendly feature harnesses
sunlight to continuously charge the camera's battery. This eliminates the need for frequent
battery changes, especially critical for long-term deployments where access to power outlets
might be limited. The solar panel keeps the camera operational without relying on a constant
external power source, making it ideal for standalone and remote locations.
Stand Design
Design 1 (Single-Pole Stand)
Figure 4.4.2.2
Design 1 prioritizes portability and speed for capturing license plates in fast-moving traffic
scenarios. The base structure consists of a slender, lightweight single pole, offering stability
while maintaining a compact base.
Weatherproof materials such as ABS plastic or aluminium are used for the pole and case to
ensure durability. Non-slip material on the pole base ensures stability on different surfaces.
The benefits of Design 1 include portability and speed, making it ideal for capturing plates on
the go. The single pole allows for quick deployment and adjustments. The weatherproof design
protects the camera and electronics from the elements. However, it has drawbacks such as
limited stability compared to a tripod, especially when capturing plates at unusual angles or
with heavier cameras.
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Design 2 (Tripod Stand)
Figure 4.4.2.3
Design 2 prioritizes stability and precise camera positioning for capturing clear license plates,
particularly of parked vehicles or in situations requiring more control. The design features a
tripod base with three adjustable legs, providing superior stability.
Materials, such as weatherproof materials and tempered glass, are similar to Design 1, ensuring
durability and solar panel functionality.
The benefits of Design 2 include stability and control, allowing for precise adjustments of the
camera position. It is ideal for situations requiring clear and accurate capturing of license plates.
However, drawbacks include being bulkier and heavier compared to the single pole stand,
making it less convenient for fast-paced scenarios. Additionally, setting up and adjusting the
tripod legs takes more time compared to deploying a single pole stand.
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Justification for chosen Design
Design 2, featuring a tripod stand with an integrated solar panel camera case, emerges as the
more advantageous choice for capturing license plates, particularly when prioritizing stability
and versatility. The tripod base provides superior stability, a crucial factor in achieving clear
and accurate license plate captures. This advantage is especially pronounced in scenarios
involving parked cars, where uneven angles or inclines may be present. The tripod's adjustable
legs enable the attainment of a level camera position, ensuring a straight-on shot of the license
plate. Additionally, when utilizing telephoto lenses or operating in windy conditions, the
tripod's stability proves essential for minimizing camera shake and maintaining image clarity.
Versatility in framing further distinguishes Design 2. The tripod's flexibility allows for easy
height adjustments, catering to various vehicle sizes, from regular cars to larger trucks or SUVs.
Precise tilting of the camera angle is also achievable, facilitating optimal shots regardless of
the vehicle's position or angle, particularly useful when capturing plates beneath parked
vehicles.
The enhanced stability of the tripod contributes to sharper images, minimizing the risk of
blurred captures and reducing the need for retakes. This advantage is pivotal for ensuring
accurate plate identification and overall efficiency. Moreover, in long-term deployments,
especially in windy locations, the tripod's reliability becomes an asset compared to a potentially
less stable single pole stand.
To optimize functionality, considerations for choosing the right tripod include prioritizing
portability by selecting lightweight materials like carbon fibre or ABS material and opting for
a compact design that facilitates ease of transportation when not in use.
In conclusion, Design 2 stands out as a more reliable and efficient solution for capturing license
plates, offering superior stability, versatility in framing, and the potential for sharper images.
30
5.0 METHODOLOGY
5.1 Project/Workflow
Start
1st Draft Extended
Proposal
Brainstorming for
the idea of the
project
Amend any faulty parts
of the extended
proposal weekly
Shortlisted 4 best
ideas
No
Video presentation
preparation
Idea approval
by supervisor
Finalize Extended
Proposal
Yes
Finalize idea
(Project Name)
End
Analyze
technical aspects
and facts
(Research)
List the tools and
materials to build
the prototype
Discuss and finalize
the project proposal
No
Design approval
by supervisor
Yes
31
First Objective: To conduct research on the traffic jam caused by roadblock. In order to run
research on the traffic jam caused by roadblock, survey forms are blasted to the community
across Malaysia. The data obtained will then be analysed to extract information to be used in
project development. The product was proven effective in solving traffic jam issues.
Second objective: To build a prototype to effectively increase efficiency of roadblocks,
research was conducted to survey on the software and hardware required. After that, a sample
vehicle plate data was gathered, and a set of vehicle plate images were collected. These will be
then used to test the ML algorithm made. Once the software was done, it will then be integrated
with the hardware.
Third objective: To test the prototype so it can work effectively for achieving its functionality,
an experiment will be performed to test its features functionality. Other than that, the reliability
of the prototype will also be tested. A set of sample data will be used to test the prototype.
32
5.2 Identification of Tools, Hardware, and Software
Table 5.2.1: Table of Hardware Required
No
1.
Hardware
Solar Panel
2.
Charge Controller
3.
4.
Battery
Voltage Regulator
5.
Camera
6.
Tripod Stand
7.
Junction Box
8.
Arduino Uno
9.
Jumper Cable
10.
Ultrasonic Sensor
Description
A device that converts sunlight into electricity using
photovoltaic cells
Regulates voltage and current from solar panels to
batteries, preventing overcharging and damage
A device that stores electrical energy for later use
Manages the output voltage of a power supply, ensuring
stable voltage levels
A device that captures images, either as still photographs
or as moving images (video)
A three-legged stand used to support cameras or other
instruments
An enclosure that houses electrical connections,
protecting them from damage and shielding them from
environmental factors
A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, used
for building digital devices and interactive objects
Wires with connectors at each end used to connect two
points in a circuit
A device that measures the distance to an object by using
ultrasonic sound waves
Table 5.2.2: Table of Software Required
No
1.
2.
3.
Software
PyCharm
Microsoft Office
AutoCAD
Description
To do the coding of application
Used for documentation, e.g.: Proposal and Final Report
To design a 2D and 3D drawing of a building plan
5.3 Justification of Fabrication Choices
In terms of our product design, we used the AutoCAD software for the sketch of 2D or 3D
drawings of the building plans. AutoCAD indoor mapping software provides user-friendly,
enterprise-grade tools for maintaining indoor maps and powering rich wayfinding experiences.
While in terms of documentation purposes, we used Microsoft form to create survey, Microsoft
word for report writing and Microsoft Excel as a tool to make the presentation of the Gantt
chart so that we can trace our progress and not run from track. Besides that, we use Python as
coding language and PyCharm as programming tools for our project as it is a user-friendly
language for engineering students.
33
6.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING
6.1 Task Listing and Distribution
Name & Course
Position
•
•
Mclaren Maja Franklin
Project Manager
•
•
•
Arif Danial Bin Aeizaal
Azman
Assistant Project
Manager
•
•
•
•
•
Nurfaiz Syahmilya Binti
Shahiran
Secretary
•
•
•
Iyad Shauqi Bin Ahmad
Designer
•
•
•
•
Zharfan Rahimi Bin Zulkifli
Developer
•
34
Task Allocation
Plan and lead weekly meetings with
supervisors
Distribute tasks among group
members
Develop programming code to
drive the prototype
Develop the simulation and
demonstration of the prototype
Plan and monitor progress of the
project using Gantt chart & project
flow chart
Ensure the design of the prototype
achieves the aim of its functions
Perform the cost consideration on
the project
Research on connection between
voltage regulator and camera
Prepare weekly meeting agenda
Minute the weekly meeting for
future reference
Prepare the documentation and
report for the project
Liase with advisor and outer parties
whenever necessary
Design the outer appearance of the
prototype
Select suitable materials to
manufacture the prototype
Visualize the end result of the
prototype by using the AutoCAD
Integrate each part of the project
into one prototype
Survey the market for the materials
required
Perform necessary calculations for
ME parts
•
•
Ahmad Nasrul Naim Bin
Che Rashid
Researcher
•
•
•
Muhammad Zainularif Bin
Johari
Researcher 2
35
•
•
Conduct online surveys to study the
feasibility of the project
Conduct interviews with targeted
audience
Perform interview survey analysis
on acquired data
Make feature recommendations
based on interview survey data
analysis
Implement solar panel cells as
renewable energy source for camera
Work on charge controller
Research on solar energy
connection to camera
6.2 Feasibility of Plan
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: How to build it?
• Have an understanding about the principle to basic concepts, law and theorem that
are applied for the circuit analysis.
• Understand the mechanisms of the technology involved.
• Can do coding with enough knowledge regarding the Arduino component for Internet
of Things (IoT)
• Compatibility – Avoid misunderstanding and confusion throughout the execution of the
project.
• Risk - Be mindful of the risks associated with handling prototype components and take
necessary safety precautions before commencing the process.
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY: Can we build it?
• Reliability: The product is accessible in variety of location easily
• Maintainability: Low maintenance as all components of the product can be used for
a long period of time and the maintenance for the prototype is low.
• Cost efficiency: The prototype uses low cost of raw material and is able to function
well.
• Usability: Product is easy to use as the product only needs to be placed at a suitable
port and the product will work automatically.
• Sustainability: The material of the components is long-lasting and does not
produce any external pollution to the environment.
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY: should we build it?
• In this modern day, the police always had to do the roadblock to check on the road tax
whether it has expired or not. This roadblock is done due to crime happened such as
stealing cars. So, to detect the criminals, they need to stop every car and time consuming
would be higher.
• This is also causing traffic jams in the roadblock area.
• By having the Advanced Roadblock Automation System (ARAS), police that are
on duty can save more energy from checking the plate number of cars by using the
plate number camera detector.
• Demand for this product would be higher since it is useful for the police, especially
on hot and sunny days.
• Moreover, ARAS is able to link the road tax data of the road user with the plate
number of the car. This will save more time for road tax checking.
• The product can be purchased at an affordable price as the components used are
considerable and worth the advantages that the products offer.
• This can be shown by the capital cost of the production.
36
6.3 Gantt Chart
Administrative Gantt Chart
37
Project Main Gantt Chart
38
7.0 ECONOMICAL/BUSINESS CONSIDERATION
Cost estimation is a vital consideration in product development, crucial for successful
market commercialization and ensuring high market value. This is essential as it aids in
preventing budget overruns and facilitates the product's commercialization in the market. In
this section, capital cost consideration and operational cost consideration of Advanced
Roadblock Automation System (ARAS) are listed.
7.1 Capital Cost Consideration
For this project, there are many items that need to be buy for the purpose of project.
The capital price per unit system of our project is summarized in the following table:
Table 1: Table of overall capital cost of the project
Item
Solar panel (+cable)
Charge controller
Battery
Voltage regulator
Camera
Tripod stand
Junction Box
Arduino Uno
Jumper cable
Ultrasonic sensor
Shipping cost
Unit
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
Total
Price per Unit (RM)
45.00
12.50
15.00
2.00
13.80
8.50
38.65
20.93
6.12
5.10
7.00
Total (RM)
45.00
12.50
15.00
4.00
13.80
8.50
38.65
20.93
6.12
5.10
77.00
238.10
7.2 Operational Cost Consideration
Operational Cost Consideration is an operational per unit system of our project is
summarized below:
Table 2: Table of estimated expenses for operational cost consideration purpose
EXPENSES
(RM)
OPERATION
Scheduled Services (6 month) Maintenance and
Repair
Labor fee
39
20
30
Based on the operational cost consideration of ARAS product, there are several components
that need to be checked for every 6 months. First, the battery itself is said to be rechargeable
and able to supply enough voltage to camera OV7670. However, due to the excessive usage of
the product, it may weaken the battery, and it needs the replacement. So, battery is expected to
be RM 15 and above. Thus, including the jumper cable that maybe needed in the future, another
RM 5 is estimated to be included in the maintenance cost.
Next, due to the need of labour expertise, for about RM 30 is expected to be the labour fee
since it takes more than hour to do the maintenance on the product. This is only if the ARAS
is having problem regarding the wiring matters. This is because small wiring that need to be
done needs careful work to avoid damage on the product.
40
8.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our project on the Advanced Roadblock Automation System represents a
significant step towards addressing the challenges posed by traditional roadblock management
methods in urban environments. Through comprehensive research, and data analysis, we have
gained valuable insights into the impact of roadblocks on traffic flow and the effectiveness of
current management practices.
The findings from surveys and interviews highlight the widespread frustration among
commuters and law enforcement agencies due to delays caused by roadblocks. Additionally,
inquiries with the police will provide valuable input regarding the time required for traditional
roadblock management processes.
By developing and evaluating the Advanced Roadblock Automation System, we have
demonstrated its potential to streamline roadblock management, minimize disruptions, and
improve overall traffic flow efficiency. The system's ability to expedite inspections and reduce
the time wasted on checking road users' road tax will be validated through rigorous testing and
evaluation exercises.
Ultimately, our project contributes to the advancement of innovative solutions aimed at
enhancing urban mobility experiences and improving road safety. The successful
implementation of the Advanced Roadblock Automation System holds promise for reducing
traffic congestion, optimizing resource utilization, and creating smoother and more efficient
transportation networks in urban areas.
As we move forward, further research and collaboration with government will be
essential to refine and optimize the system, ensuring its continued reliability and effectiveness
in real-world applications. Through ongoing innovation and technology-driven solutions, we
can address the challenges of roadblock management and pave the way for a more sustainable
and resilient urban transportation infrastructure.
41
9.0 REFERENCES
Ahmad, M. B., Ayagi, S. H., & Musa, U. F. (2023). A Review of Automatic Number Plate
Recognition. Journal homepage: https://gjrpublication. com/gjrecs, 3(05).
Burgett, G. (2022, November 22). Every photo accessory you need for your new camera.
DPReview. https://www.dpreview.com/news/1830055280/every-photo-accessory-youneed-for-your-new-camera
Hardjono, B. (2011). A review of existing traffic jam reduction and avoidance
technologies. Internetworking Indonesia Journal, 3(1), 19-23.
Pătrăuceanu, Ionuț-Andrei & Iftene, Adrian & Gîfu, Daniela. (2021). An Automatic Car
License Plate Recognition System. 10.37789/rochi.2021.1.1.6.
Qadri, M. T., & Asif, M. (2009, April). Automatic number plate recognition system for
vehicle identification using optical character recognition. In 2009 International
Conference on Education Technology and Computer (pp. 335-338). IEEE.
Tripods & support | B&H photo video. Photography Tripods & Support. (n.d.).
https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/browse/Tripods-Support/ci/8310/N/4075788771
42
APPENDIX
https://shopee.com.my/OV7670-CameraModule-For-Arduinoi.6674515.232812786?sp_atk=a85155bf-6b454327-b590-8eb999617674&xptdk=a85155bf6b45-4327-b590-8eb999617674 (CAMERA)
OV7670 Camera
https://shopee.com.my/Arduino-CompatibleUNO-R3-Microcontroller-uno-r3-smd-unoICONTECHi.187266709.8514362457?sp_atk=46b9e78cd08c-4573-b9db678bd52ecd4d&xptdk=46b9e78c-d08c-4573Arduino UNO
b9db-678bd52ecd4d (ARDUINO UNO)
https://my.cytron.io/p-voltage-regulator-plus3.3v1880?r=1&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAj
w17qvBhBrEiwA1rU9w5QeHH0eu7dXael
SNpOKtiqBudgqSAaPAKSsmNvh5L3NWO
MjJU1EzBoCE0EQAvD_BwE (Voltage
Regulator)
Voltage Regulator
https://shopee.com.my/140Pcs-lot-SolderlessBreadboard-Jumper-Cable-22-AWGSolid-Wires-Kit-with-Box-for-Arduinoi.293711714.4250602609?sp_atk=5202b
0ee-de83-4c08-8bba7d0e5e769f64&xptdk=5202b0ee-de834c08-8bba-7d0e5e769f64 (Jumper
Jumper Wire
Cable)
43
https://shopee.com.my/3.7V-1000mAh-8030402-wire-3-wire-Lithium-Polymer-Li-Po-ionRechargeable-Battery-For-MP4-MP5GPS-PSP-mobile-Pocketi.22727342.6121269171?sp_atk=c58648
31-de8e-4d4b-b866908e933b15af&xptdk=c5864831-de8e-
Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Battery
4d4b-b866-908e933b15af (Battery)
https://shp.ee/h9tvx7m (Junction Box)
Junction Box
https://shp.ee/44uixgu (Tripod stand)
Tripod stand
44
https://shp.ee/qv9giwy (Charge controller)
Charge controller
https://shp.ee/a5gowu7 (Solar panel)
Solar panel
https://shp.ee/07k1lnb (Ultrasonic sensor)
Ultrasonic sensor
45