Seismic Analysis &
Design of
10 Story RC Building
(Time History Analysis)
Using ETABS
(Metric Units)
ACECOMS, AIT
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Table of Content
Objective
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Problem
5
Step by Step
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1. Open Existing Model and Unlock Model
11
2. Delete Existing Seismic Load Case
14
3. Define Time History Function
15
4. Specify Time History Cases
18
5. Run Analysis
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6. View Modal Analysis Results
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7. View Time History Analysis Results
29
8. Run Concrete Frame Design and View Results
38
9. Run Shear Wall Design and View Results
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ETABS Tutorial Example
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Objective
To demonstrate and practice step-by-step on time
history analysis and design of 10 story RC building.
Problem
Carry out modal time history analysis, and design of
10 story RC building using ELCENTRO time history
data.
3D View
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Plan View (Unit in m)
6.00 m
6.00 m
6.00 m
6.00 m
2.00 2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00 2.00
6.00 m
6.00 m
BASE – STORY 7
6.00 m
6.00 m
6.00 m
6.00 m
2.00 2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00 2.00
6.00 m
6.00 m
STORY 8 – STORY 10
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Elevation View
Material Properties for Concrete (Unit in kg and cm)
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Section Properties
Member
Dimension
Beam (width x Height)
30 x 60 cm
Column
50 x 50 cm
Slab
Thickness = 15 cm
Shear wall
Thickness = 20 cm
Story Height Data
Story
Height
Typical Story
3.00 m
Story at base of building
4.00 m
Static Load Cases
Load
Name
DEAD
LIVE
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Load Type
Dead Load
Reducible
Live Load
Details
Value
Self Weight of Structural Members
Calculate automatically using Self
Weight Multiplier in ETABS
-
Uniform Load on Slabs:
(Finishing + Partition Load)
0.20 t/m2
Uniform Load on Beams:
(Wall Load)
0.50 t/m
Uniform Load on Slabs:
(Use Tributary Area: UBC97)
0.25 t/m2
Seismic Analysis & Design of 10 Story RC Building (Time History Analysis)
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ELCENTRO Time History Function
ELCENTRO Time History
Ground Accerelation Normalized by g
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0.2
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0
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Time (Sec)
Note: Use Built-in Time History Data in ETABS located at “Time History Functions”
subfolder in main folder that ETABS has been installed (normally at
C:\Program Files\Computers and Structures\ETABS\Time History Functions)
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Wind Load Cases (UBC97)
Load Case
Parameter
Wind Direction
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WINDX
WINDY
X
Y
Wind Speed
90 mph
Exposure Type
B (Suburban area)
Importance Factor
1 (Building normal importance)
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Step by Step
1. Open Existing Model and Unlock Model
Step 1-1: Open Existing Model
Start up screen of ETABS, click on Open button
file from previous example.
or go to File >> Open and find
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Step 1-2: Save As to New File
Go to File >> Save As and specify new file name.
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Step 1-3: Unlock Model
Click on Unlock Model button
Click on “OK” to confirm to unlock the model and delete all analysis results
Note: ETABS has locked the model automatically from previous analysis. Model
has to be unlocked first before do any modification by clicking on Unlock
Model button
. ETABS will delete all analysis and design results after
unlock.
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ETABS Tutorial Example
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2. Delete Existing Seismic Load Case
Step 2-1: Delete Existing Seismic Load Case
Case A: File from First Example (Equivalent Lateral Force)
Go to Define >> Static Load Case, select “EQXA” and click on “Delete Load”
Repeat this step to delete “EQXB”, “EQYA” and “EQYB”
Case B: File from Second Example (Modal Response Spectra Analysis)
Go to Define >> Response Spectrum Case, select “EQX” and click on “Delete
Spectrum”. Repeat this step to delete “EQY”
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3. Define Time History Function
Step 3-1: Add New Time History Function
Go to Define >> Functions >> Time History, select “Function from File” and click
on “Add New Function”.
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Step 3-2: Locate ELCENTRO Time History Data
Click on “Browse”, select “Files of type” to “All files (*.*)” and locate file named
“ELCENTRO”
(normally at “C:\Program Files\Computers and Structures\ETABS\Time History
Functions”)
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Step 3-3: Display “ELCENTRO” Time History Function
Select “Time and Function Values” and click on “Display Graph”.
Note: To view coordinate of each point on graph, move cursor over this graph,
location of current point over cursor on graph will display as red dot and
coordinate of cursor is shown at bottom of graph. From above graph found
that total time is 12 sec.
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4. Specify Time History Cases
Step 4-1:Add New Time History Case
Make sure that current working unit is “Ton-m” by checking in drop-down menu at
right-bottom of page. Go to Define >> Time History Case and click on “Add New
History”
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Step 4-2: Specify Time History Case for “EQX”
Specify time history case as shown in figure below
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Note:
1. Output time step size should be set such a way that the peak amplitude
points on the time history function are not missed. (0.1 sec for this example)
2. Because the values along Y axis of time history function as specified in step
3 are normalized by ground acceleration (g), the scale factor will be value of
g (9.81 in metric unit).
3. This scale factor can also be used to increase or decrease the time history
magnitude for difference soil condition, site location…etc.
4. Total analysis time = Total time history function + 5 time of building period in
first mode (for damping = 0.05).
= 12 + 5 x 1.2 = 18 sec
5. Number of output time steps = Total analysis time / Output time step size
ELCENTRO Time History
Ground Accerelation Normalized by g
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
Output time step size
Total analysis time
-0.4
Time (Sec)
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Step 4-3: Specify Damping for “EQX”
Click on “Modify/Show” and enter “Damping for all Modes” as shown in figure below.
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Step 4-4: Specify Time History Case and Damping for “EQY”
Repeat Step 4-1 to 4-3 to add “EQY” Time History Case as shown in figures below
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5. Run Analysis
Step 5-1: Set Dynamic Analysis Parameters
Go to Analyze >> Set Analysis Options, select “Dynamic Analysis”, click on “Set
Dynamic Parameters” and specify dynamic analysis parameters as shown in figure
below
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ETABS Tutorial Example
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Step 5-2: Start Analysis
Go to Analyze >> Run Analysis or click on Run Analysis button
to start
analysis. ETABS will display deformed shape of model when analysis complete.
Note: ETABS will lock the model automatically from accidental or undesired
changes. Model will be unlocked by clicking on Unlock Model button
.
ETABS will delete all analysis and design results after unlock.
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Step 5-3: Check Error from Analysis Run Record
Go to File >> Last Analysis Run Log and scroll down to check error message.
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6. View Modal Analysis Results
Step 6-1: Display Mode Shape in 3D View
Select 3D view window, go to Display >> Show Mode Shape or click on Show
and select desired mode.
Mode Shape button
To view deformed shape in animation, click on “Start Animation”.
Note: Time Period of current mode shows at top of 3D window
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Step 6-2: Display Modal Displacement at Particular node
Right click on desired node to display modal displacement at current mode shape
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Step 6-3: View Modal Analysis in Tabular Form
Go to Display >> Set Output Table Mode and select items as shown in figure
below
Select building modal information from drop-down menu
Note: This table can be copied to MS Excel by using Edit >> Copy menu in this
window (Not main menu).
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7. View Time History Analysis Results
Step 7-1: View Analysis Result Diagrams of Frame Elements (Beam or
Column)
Select “Plan View” window by clicking on it, go to Display >> Show Member
Forces/Stress Diagram >> Frame/ Pier/Spandrel Forces and select time history
analysis (“EQX” or “EQY”) from “Load” and “Component”. Desired time step can be
button to view previous time step
specified from “Time” dialogue box or click on
or
button to view next time step.
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Note: Sign Convention for Frame Element
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Step 7-2: View Analysis Result Diagram at Particular Frame Element
Right click on desired beam to display particular analysis result diagram
Note: To see analysis results in particular location, move mouse cursor over this
diagram and see value at bottom of the window
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Step 7-3: Change View to Elevation View at Elevator Location
Click on Set Elevation View button
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and select elevation view at elevator location
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Step 7-4: View Analysis Result Diagrams of Shear Wall (Pier)
Right click on desired shear wall panel to view particular diagram
Note: Same as frame element, move mouse cursor over this diagram and see
value at bottom of this window to check analysis results in particular location
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Step 7-5: View Analysis Result Contour in Shear Wall Panels (Elevation View)
Change “Plan View” to “Elevation View” by clicking on Set Elevation View button
and selecting desired elevation for elevator location, go to Display >> Show
Member Forces/Stress Diagram >> Shell Stresses/Forces, select time history
analysis case (“EQX” or “EQY”) from “Load” and “Component”. Right click on
desired wall panel to view particular analysis result.
Note: Analysis results at particular location will display at the bottom of window
when move mouse cursor over this diagram.
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Note: Sign Convention for Shell Element
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Step 7-6: View Analysis Result Contour in Slab Panels (Plan View)
Change to “Plan View” by clicking on Set Plan View button
and selecting
desired floor, go to Display >> Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram >> Shell
Stresses/Forces and select time history analysis (“EQX” or “EQY”) and
“Component”. Same as shear wall panel, right click on desired wall panel to view
particular analysis result.
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Step 7-7: View Analysis Results in Tabular Form
Go to Display >> Show Output table Mode, select desired items and click on
“Select Loads” to specify load case/combination.
Select analysis results from drop-down menu at top-right of screen
Note: This table can be copied to MS Excel by using Edit >> Copy menu in this
window (Not main menu).
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ETABS Tutorial Example
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8. Run Concrete Frame Design and View Results
ETABS will be defined load combination automatically based on load
cases and select design code except time history analysis case that
need to be defined manually as seismic load (E) for ACI load
combination.
Step 8-1: Select Design Code
Go to Options >> Preference >> Concrete Frame Design and select “ACI 318-99”
from “Design Code”
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Step 8-2: View Load Combination for Concrete Frame Design
Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Select Design Combo to view load
combination for concrete frame design. Load combinations have been defined as
selected code from previous step. Select desired load combination from “Design
Combos” column and click on “Show” to view load combination parameters (load
factors and details)
Note: There is no seismic load case (E) in all load combination that are defined
automatically by ETABS.
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Step 8-3: Add New Load Combination for Seismic Load (E)
Go to Define >> Load Combinations, click on “Add New Combo”.
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Step 8-4: Specify Load Case and Load Factor for “CON11” Load Combination
Select “Case Name”, enter “Scale Factor” and click on “Add” to specify load case
and load factor one by one for “CON11” load combination
Note: “DCON11” name can be used for manual load combination because “DCON”
is reserved for auto load combination for RC concrete frame design.
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Step 8-5: Specify Load Case and Load Factor for the remaining of Load
Combination
Repeat Step 8-3 to 8-4 to define load combination as details shown in table below
one by one.
Load Comb.
Name
Load Case/ Load Factor
DEAD
LIVE
WINDX
WINDY
EQX
EQY
CON11
1.05
1.275
-
-
1.4025
-
CON12
1.05
1.275
-
-
-1.4025
-
CON13
1.05
1.275
-
-
-
1.4025
CON14
1.05
1.275
-
-
-
-1.4025
CON15
0.9
-
-
-
1.43
-
CON16
0.9
-
-
-
-1.43
-
CON17
0.9
-
-
-
-
1.43
CON18
0.9
-
-
-
-
-1.43
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Step 8-6: Specify Load Combination for Concrete Frame Design
Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Select Design Combo, select
“CON11” to “CON18” from left column and click on “Add” to add manual load
combination to Design combo list.
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Step 8-7: Start Concrete Frame Design
Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Start Design/Check of Structure
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Step 8-8: Display Longitudinal Reinforcing for Concrete Frame Design
Select “kg-cm”, go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Display Design Info,
click on “Design Output” and select “Longitudinal Reinforcing” from first drop-down
menu.
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Step 8-9: Display Shear Reinforcing for Concrete Frame Design
Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Display Design Info, click on
“Design Output” and select “Shear Reinforcing” from first drop-down menu.
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Step 8-10: Display Concrete Frame Design in Details
To see concrete frame design in details, right mouse click on desired element. The
highlighted row is the critical location along the element length (maximum required
reinforcement). More details can be displayed by clicking on button below. Click
”OK” to close this dialogue.
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9. Run Shear Wall Design and View Results
Typical Shear Wall Design Procedure
Following is a typical shear wall design process that might occur for a
new building. Note that the sequence of steps you may take in any
particular design may vary from this but the basic process will be
essentially the same.
1. After create the building model Use the Options menu > Preferences >
Shear Wall Design command to review the shear wall design
preferences and revise them if necessary. Note that there are default
values provided for all shear wall design preferences so it is not actually
necessary for you to define any preferences unless you want to change
some of the default preference values.
2. Run the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis
command.
3. Assign the wall pier and wall spandrel labels. Use the Assign menu >
Frame/Line > Pier Label, the Assign menu > Shell/Area > Pier Label,
the Assign menu > Frame/Line > Spandrel Label, and the Assign
menu > Shell/Area > Spandrel Label commands to do this.
Note that the labels can be assigned before or after the analysis is run.
4. Assign shear wall overwrites, if needed, using the Design menu > Shear
Wall Design > View/Revise Pier Overwrites and the Design menu >
Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Spandrel Overwrites commands.
Note that you must select piers or spandrels first before using these
commands. Also note that there are default values provided for all pier
and spandrel design overwrites so it is not actually necessary for you to
define any overwrites unless you want to change some of the default
overwrite values.
Note that the overwrites can be assigned before or after the analysis is
run.
Important note about selecting piers and spandrels: You can select a
pier or spandrel simply by selecting any line or area object that is part of
the pier or spandrel.
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5. If you want to use any design load combinations other than the default
ones created by ETABS for your shear wall design then click the Design
menu > Shear Wall Design > Select Design Combo command. Note
that you must have already created your own design combos by clicking
the Define menu > Load Combinations command.
6. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Start Design/Check of
Structure command to run the shear wall design.
7. Review the shear wall design results. To do this you might do one of the
following:
a. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Display Design
Info command to display design information on the model.
b. Right click on a pier or spandrel while the design results are
displayed on it to enter the interactive wall design mode. Note
that while you are in this mode you can revise overwrites and
immediately see the new design results.
If you are not currently displaying design results you can click the
Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Interactive Wall Design
command and then right click a pier or spandrel to enter the interactive
design mode for that element.
1. Use the File menu > Print Tables > Shear Wall Design command to
print shear wall design data. If you select a few piers or spandrels before
using this command then data is printed only for the selected elements.
2. If desired, revise the wall pier and/or spandrel overwrites, rerun the shear
wall design, and review the results again. Repeat this step as many
times as needed.
3. If desired, create wall pier check sections with user-defined (actual)
reinforcing specified for the wall piers using the Section Designer utility.
Use the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Define Pier Sections for
Checking command to define the sections in Section Designer. Be sure
to indicate that the reinforcing is to be checked. Use the Design menu >
Shear Wall Design > Assign Pier Sections for Checking command to
assign these sections to the piers. Rerun the design and verify that the
actual flexural reinforcing provided is adequate.
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4. Assign these check sections to the piers, change the pier mode from
Design to Check, and rerun the design. Verify that the actual flexural
reinforcing provided is adequate.
5. If necessary, revise the geometry or reinforcing and rerun the design.
6. Print or display selected shear wall design results if desired.
Note that shear wall design is performed as an iterative process. You
can change your wall design dimensions and reinforcing during the
design process without rerunning the analysis. However, you always
want to be sure that your final design is based on analysis properties
(wall dimensions) that are consistent with your design (actual) wall
dimensions.
A: Shear Wall with Line Loads
B: Finite Element Model
Rigid
Beam
3
per rigid zone
Column
C: Define Beams & Columns
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D: Beam-Column Model
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Step 9-1: Change view to “Elevation View”
Click on Set Elevation View button , select desired elevation and use Rubber
Band Zoom button
to zoom shear wall view.
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Step 9-2: Select Design Code for Shear Wall Design
Go to Options >> Preference >> Shear Wall Design and select parameters as
shown in figure below.
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Step 9-3: View Load Combination for Shear Wall Design
Go to Design >> Shear Wall Design >> Select Design Combo to view load
combination for shear wall design. Load combinations have been defined as
selected code from previous step. Select desired load combination from “Design
Combos” column and click on “Show” to view load combination parameters (load
factors and details)
Note: Same as concrete frame design, load combination for seismic load (E) from
time history analysis are required to be defined manually.
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Step 8-11: Specify Load Combination for Shear Wall Design
From “Design Load Combination Selection” dialogue, select “CON11” to “CON18”
from left column and click on “Add” to add manual load combination to Design
combo list.
Note: Load combination for concrete frame design that have been defined in step
8-3 to 8-5 can be used for shear wall design
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Step 9-4: Start Shear Wall Design
Go to Design >> Shear Wall Design >> Start Design/Check Structure
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Step 9-5: Display Pier Design Information for Shear Wall Design
Go to Design >> Shear Wall Design >> Display Design Info, click on “Design
Output” and select “Pier Longitudinal Reinforcing”.
Note: Longitudinal reinforcing area displayed in above figure is for all 3 shear wall
panels because all of them have been assigned in same pier label (P1) from
previous example
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Step 9-6: Display Pier Design Details for Shear Wall Design
To see pier design in details, right mouse click on desired pier panel.
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Reinforcement Location for Pier
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Note: Typical Detailing of Shear Wall
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