DUTY SOCIETY COACHING AND GUIDANCE CENTRE
H .O. Ka b ir Co lo ny, A no o p sha ha r Ro a d , J a m a lp ur , AL IG A RH
G.K 2024
Current Affair
1. When was G20 established?
(a) 1995
(b) 2008
(c) 1999
(d) 2000
Explanation: G20 was established in
1999 to bring together finance
ministers and central bank Governors
of
developed
and
developing
countries.
2. Which country hosted the first G-20
Summit?
(a) Canada
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) France
Explanation: The first summit of the
G20 was held in Washington, USA in
2008.
3. Which of the following is not an
objective of the G-20 Summit?
(a) Promoting global economic growth
(b) Enhancing financial regulation
(c) Improving international trade
relations
(d) Promoting religious harmony
4. Which of the following countries is
NOT a member of the 18th G20 Summit?
(a) Brazil
(b) Canada
(c) Switzerland
(d)
Argentina
Explanation: Member Name: India,
America, Argentina, Japan, Republic
of
Korea,
Australia,
Brazil,
Germany, Mexico, Canada, China,
Russia, France, Saudi Arab, South
Africa, Turkey, Indonesia, United
Kingdom, Italy, European Union,
African Union.
5. India’s G20 Presidency would guide
the work of the G20 under which
theme?
(a) In diversity there is beauty
(b) Unity, interconnectedness, a
global perspective
(c) One Earth, one family, one future
(d) We are all connected
Explanation: Under the guidance of
Honorable Prime Minister, India’s
G20 presidency has worked for the
theme, one earth, one family, one
future.
6. Where is the headquarters of G20?
(a) France
(b) USA
(c) China
(d) None of
these
Explanation: The G20 does not have a
permanent
secretariat
or
Headquarters. It keeps changing with
the host country.
7. Which country will host G20 Summit
in 2024?
(a) Brazil
(b) Italy
(c) Indonesia
(d) Japan
Explanation: Brazil will host the
G20 in 2024, followed by South Africa
in 2025
8. PM
Modi
transferred
the
G20
presidency to
(a) Sheikh Hasina
(b) Carmen Lucia
(c) Jair Bolsanaro
(d) Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva
Explanation: PM Modi passed the
Gavel to the President of Brazil,
Lula Da Silva as a mark of closure
and transfer of presidency for the
G20 Summit 2024
9. During the inaugural session of the
two-day G20 Summit, Prime Minister
Narendra Modi declared that the
African Union (AU) had been granted
permanent membership in the G20.How
many countries are in the African
Union?
(a) 27
(b) 55
(c) 57
(d) 59
Explanation: African Union Becomes
Permanent
Member
of
G20
under
India’s Presidency
10. PM Narendra Modi announced the
project during the annual Group of
20 summit of the world’s top
economies to launch the ______
economic corridor including shipping
and railway links
(a)
India-Middle
West-Europe
Corridor
(b)
India-Middle
East-Europe
Corridor
(c)
India-Middle
West-Africa
Corridor
(d)
India-Middle
North-America
Corridor
Explanation:
India-Middle
EastEurope’ economic corridor, a modernday spice route
PM Narendra Modi announced the
project during the annual Group of
20 summit of the world’s top
economies to launch the India-Middle
East-Europe
economic
corridor
including
shipping
and
railway
links.
The
first-of-its-kind
economic
corridor will be an initiative on
cooperation on connectivity and
infrastructure involving India, UAE,
Saudi Arabia, EU France, Italy,
Germany, and the US.
The United States, Saudi Arabia, the
European Union, the United Arab
Emirates and other launched the
initiative to link railways, ports,
electricity and data networks and
hydrogen pipelines on the sidelines
of the Group of 20 summit in New
Delhi.
11. Which country hosted the 17th G-20
Summit in 2022?
(a) Indonesia
(b) Argentina
(c) Italy
(d) Turkey
The 18th G20 Summit of 2023 recently
concluded in New Delhi, India,
marking the first-ever G20 summit
hosted by the country. The summit’s
theme, “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or
“One Earth, One family, One future”
is rooted in ancient Sanskrit texts
and
the
goal
of
sustainable
development. Attempt theses MCQs on
G20, these
Chandrayaan 3 Science Quiz: ISRO is
once again ready with another space
adventure.
Chandrayaan-3
is
a
follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2
to demonstrate ene-to-end capability
in safe landing and roving on the
lunar surface. It was launched by
LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota on
July 14, 2023.
12. What is the launch date for
Chandrayaan 3 mission?
(a) 24 July 2023
(b) 14 July
2023
(c) 13 July 2023
(d) 04 July
2023
Explanation: Chandrayaan-3 is the
third lunar exploration mission by
the
Indian
Space
Research
Organization (ISRO) to be launched
on 14 July 2023.
13. The Chandrayaan 3 mission’s rover
is known as
(a) Vikram
(b) Bheem
(c) Pragyaan
(d) Dhruv
Explanation: According to the ISRO
Chairman, the names Vikram, for the
Lander, and Pragyan for the Rover,
will be carried over to honour the
Chandrayaan 2 mission.
14. The mission life of the Lander and
Rover equal to
(a) 14 Earth Days
(b)
24
Earth Days
(c) 16 Earth Days
(d)
12
Earth Days
Explanation: The mission life of the
lander,
according
to
ISRO
authorities, is one lunar day, which
is equivalent to 14 days on Earth.
15. Which
launcher
is
used
for
Chandrayaan-3?
(a) GSLV
(b) LVSM
(c) GSLV-Mk3
(d) PSLV
Explanation: The chosen launcher for
Chandrayaan-3 is GSLV-Mk3, which
will position the integrated module
in an Elliptic Parking Orbit (EPO)
measuring approximately 170 × 36500
km in size.
16. The
mission
objectives
of
Chandrayaan-3
(a) To demonstrative Rover roving on
the moon and
(b) To demonstrative a Safe and Soft
Landing on Lunar Surface
(c) To conduct in-situ scientific
experiments
(d) All of the above
Explanation: ISRO has set three main
objectives for the Chandrayaan-3
mission, which includes:
17. August 23 will be celebrated as
(a) Space Day
(b) Chandrayaan
3 Day
(c) ISRO Day
(d)
National
Space Day
Explanation:
PM
Modi
while
addressing ISRO scientists announced
the commemoration of Chandrayaan 3
as National Space Day on August 23
18. What
name
is
given
to
the
Chandrayaan 3 landing spot?
(a) Shiva-Shakti Point
(b) ShivaParvati Point
(c) Shiva-Shambhu Point (d) ShivaBhakti Point
Explanation:
PM
Narendra
Modi
announced that the point where the
Chandrayaan-3 lander touched down on
the lunar surface on Wednesday will
be named Shiv Shakti.
19. Which country is the fourth
country to successfully land a
spacecraft on the moon?
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Russia
(d) USA
Explanation:
The
first
three
countries to successfully land a
spacecraft on the moon were the
United States, Russia and China.
India became the fourth country to
do so on September 7, 2019, when the
Chandrayaan
2
lander
Vikram
successfully touched down on the
lunar suface
20. Who is the director of the
Chandrayaan 3 mission?
(a) Veeramuthuvel
(b)
M
Vanitha
(c) Ritu Karidhal
(d)
K.
Sivan
Explanation: Ritu Kharidhal is a
prominent scientist at the Indian
Space Research Organization (ISRO).
She will be leading the launch of
Chandrayaan-3 this year.
21. Where will Chandrayaan 3 land on
the moon?
(a) Near the South Pole (b)
Near
the North Pole
(c) In the equatorial region (d)
None of these
Explanation: The objective of this
mission is to explore the South Pole
of the moon. This is because the
south pole of the moon is rich in
water ice, which is a valuable
resource
for
future
lunar
exploration. The South Pole is also
less explored than the North Pole,
so there is a lot of scientific
potential in landing there.
22. What is the name of the rover of
Chandrayaan 3?
(a) Vikram
(b)
Pragyaan
(c) Dhruv
(d) Ritu
23. What is the name of the lander of
Chandrayaan 3?
(a) Pragyaan
(b) Vikram
(c) Ritu
(d) Dhruv
24. Who proclaimed Palestine to be
independent?
(a) UNO
(b) PLO
(c) USA
(d) none of these
Explanation:
Palestine
was
proclaimed independent by Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) in the
year 1988 which was later stamped by
Oslo Accords in 1993.
25. What is true about Israel in the
statements listed below
(i) It is situated towards the east
of Mediterranean sea
(ii) Jordan is the longest flowing
river in Israel
(a) Only i
(b) Only ii
(c) both (i) and (ii)
(d)
none of these
Explanation: Israel is located at
the eastern end of the Mediterranean
Sea in Western Asia and Jordan is
the largest flowing river of Israel.
26. Where is the Sinai Peninsula
located?
(i) It is located between Red Sea
and the Mediterranean Sea
(ii) It is the territory of Israel
(iii) It is the only part of Egypt
in Asia
(a) only (i)
(b) (i) and
(ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and
(iii)
Explanation: The Sinai Peninsula, or
simply Sinai is a peninsula in Egypt,
and the only part of the country
located in Asia. It is between the
Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
27. What is the name of Israel’s air
defense system?
(a) S 400 Defense System (b)
Iron
Dome
(c) Air defense Dome
(d) ADGES
Explanation: Israel’s Air Defense
System to intercept missiles is
called Iron Dome.
28. In 1964, Yasser Arafat and other
Palestinian
nationalists
founded
______, a political and paramilitary
organization whose stated goal was
the liberation of Palestine through
armed conflict.
(a)
the
Palestinian
Liberation
Organization (PLO)
(b) Al-Qaida
(c) The Society of the Muslim
Brothers
(d)
Palestinian
Movement
Organization (PMO)
29. Consider
the
following
statements:
1. Houthis are in power in northern
Yemen
2. Yemen is located at the junction
of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
3. The Red Sea is connected to the
Indian Ocean in the South through the
Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3
only
30. The Houthis are members of a rebel
group operating in which country?
(a) Syria
(b) Yemen
(c) Saudi Arabia
(d) Iran
The Houthis, also known as Ansar
Allah
(Partisans
of
God),
are
members of a rebel group operating
in Yemen. The Houthis, who adhere to
a branch of Shia Islam known as
Zaidism. Zaidis make up one-third of
the population and ruled North Yemen
under a system known as the imamate
for almost 1,000 years until 1962.
The Houthis take their name from
Hussein Badr al-Din al-Houthi. He
led the group’s first uprising in
2004 in an effort to win greater
autonomy for their heartland of
Saada province, and also to protect
Zaidi
religious
and
cultural
traditions
from
perceived
encroachment by Sunni Islamists.
Red Sea
 The Red Sea is a semi-enclosed
tropical
basin,
bounded
by
northeastern Africa, to the west,
and the Arabian Peninsula, to the
east.
 The elongated and narrow-shaped
basin
extends
between
the
Mediterranean
Sea,
to
the
northwest, and the Indian Ocean,
to the southeast
 At the northern end, it separates
into the Gulf of Aqaba and the
Gulf of Suez, which is connected
to the Mediterranean Sea via the
Suez Canal.
 At the southern end, it is
connected to the Gulf of Aden, and
the outer Indian Ocean, via the
Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb.
 It is surrounded by desert or
semi-desert areas, with no major
freshwater inflow.
31. When did the current war between
Russia and Ukraine begin?
(a) February 24, 2022
(b)
March
8, 2022
(c) May 9, 2022
(d) May 9,
2022
32. What is the name of the Ukrainian
City that was the first major target
of the Russian invasion?
(a) Kyiv
(b) Kharkiv
(c) Mariupol
(d) Odesa
33. What are the dominant tribal
communities living in the hills
surrounding the Impal Valley?
Ans. The dominant tribal communities
living in the hills surrounding the
Imphal Valley are the Kukis in the
southern portion and the Nagas in the
northeastern portion
34. What are the main religious
affiliations of the Meitei people in
Manipur?
Ans: The Meitei people in Manipur are
largely
Hindus,
but
they
also
include Muslims, Buddhists, and
Native Sanamahi followers
35. What percentage of the population
do the Meitei people and the tribal
communities represent in Manipur?
Ans: The Meitei people make up 53%
of the population, while the tribal
communities,
consisting
of
predominantly Christian Kukis and
Nagas, form about 40% of the state’s
3.5 million people
36. Who
is
leading
the
panel
investigating the Manipur Violence,
and what is the role of the peace
committee?
Ans: A panel led by a retired Chief
Justice
is
investigating
the
violence, while a peace committee is
being established under the Governor
and security advisor Kuldeep Singh,
along with members of civil society.
The Central Bureau of Investigation
(CBI) will also probe six cases
related
to
conspiracy
in
the
violence.
37. What is the long-standing demand
of the Meitei people, and how does
it relate to the tribal communities’
protest?
Ans: The long-standing demand of the
Meitei people is for a Scheduled
Tribe
status
under
the
Indian
Constitution, which would grant them
privileges similar to the tribal
communities. The tribal communities
protested
against
this
demand,
fearing it would allow the Meiteis
to purchase land in the prohibited
hilly areas.
38. Who proclaimed Palestine to be
independent?
(a) UNO
(b) PLO
(c) USA
(d) None of these
Explanation:
Palestine
was
proclaimed independent by Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) in the
year 1988 which was later stamped by
Oslo Accords in 1993.
39. Who is the initiator of Zionism?
(a) Jesus Christ
(b) Herzl
(c) Mohammad
(d) none of these
Explanation: Modern Israel can find
its
origins
in
Zionism.
This
movement was established in the late
19th century by Herzl
40. Muslim
Quarter
in
Jerusalem
houses al Aqsa Mosque. Where is it
situated?
(a) On plateau of Haram al Sharif
(b) On the West Bank
(c) On Dome Rock
(d) On the Bank of Jordan
Explanation:
In
Jerusalem,
the
Muslim Quarter is the largest of the
four quarters containing the shrine
of the Dome of Rock and the al-Aqsa
Mosque on a plateau called the Haram
al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary.
41. Choose
the
correct
statement
about Israel Palestinian Conflict:
(i) The Israeli-Palestinian conflict
is an ongoing struggle since mid 20th
Century
(ii) Between 1882 to 1948, the Jews
from around the world gathered in
Palestine
(a) Only (i)
(b)
Only
(ii)
(c) Both (i) and (ii)
(d)
None of these
Explanation: The Israeli-Palestinian
conflict is an ongoing struggle
since mid 20th century. It was
between 1882 to 1948, when the Jews
from around the world gathered in
Palestine. This movement came to be
known as Aliyahs.
42. What
was
the
old
name
of
Jerusalem?
(a) Yerushalayim
(b) Al Quds
(c) Both (a) & (b)
(d) None of
these
Explanation: Jerusalem was known as
Yerushalayim in Hebrew and as alQuds in Arabic
LIST OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
1-- Chief justice of India -- DY
chandrachud
2-- Chair person University grant
commission -- Jagdesh kumar
3 -- Chair man ISRO -- S. Somnath
4-- Chair person NHRC-- AK Mishra
5-- Chief election commissioner -Rajeev kumar
6-Chair
person
16th
Finance
commission -- Arvind panagariya
7-- President BCCI. -- Roger binny
8-Attorney
general-R.
Venkatramani
9-- Solicitor General -- tushar
mehta
10-- Chairperson Niti Aayog--prime
minister (Narendra modi )
11--Vice chair person of NITI Aayog- Suman berry
12-- CEO of NITI Aayog-- BVR
Subramanyam
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL OFFICIAL
1-- Secretary general of UNO -Antonio Guterres
2-- President World bank -- Ajay
banga
3-Managing
director
IMF-Kristalina Georgieva
4-- Director General WTO -- Ngozi
Okonzo Iwealo
5--Director General WHO -- Tedros
Adhanom Ghebreyesus
6-- Secretary general SAARC-- Md
Golam Sarvar
7-- President IOC-- Thomas Bach
8-President
FIFA-Gianni
Infantino
9-- Chairperson ICC -- Greg Barclay
10 -- Director General UNESCO-Audrey Azoulay
CURRENT AFFAIRS (OBITUARIES)
1--Aziz Qureshi (formal congress
leader and UP governor)
2-- Shafiqur Rahman Barq (oldest
member of Lok sabha , samajwadi
leader, sambhal (UP)
3-- Jain monk acharya Vidhyasagar
Maharaj
4 -- Sheikh Nawab Al Ahmad Al sahab
(kuwait Emir)
5-- Justice fathima Biwi (first
female judge of supreme court)
6-- Subrata Roy -- Founder of sahara
group
7-- Saleemul Huq -- (Bangladeshi
Scientist,expert in the field of
climate change)
8-- Munawwar Rana - (Urdu poet)
9-- Ebrahim Raisi -- President of
Iran
10 -- Javed khan Amrshi -- Indian
film actor
Minister of Home
Affairs
Minister
of
Finance
Minister
of
Defence
Minister
of
External Affairs
Minister
of
Railways
National
Security Advisor
Chairperson, 16th
Finance
Commission
of
India
Governor,
Reserve Bank of
India
Chairperson,
National
Commission
for
Minorities
Chairperson,
National
Amit Shah
Nirmala
Sitharaman
Rajnath Singh
Subrahmanyam
Jaishankar
Ashwini Vaishnaw
Ajit Doval, IPS
Arvind
Panagariya
Shaktikanta Das
Sardar
Iqbal
Singh Lalpura
Kishor Makwana
Commission
for
Scheduled Castes
Chairperson,
Antar Singh Arya
National
Commission
for
Scheduled Tribes
Chairperson,
Hansraj Gangaram
National
Ahir
Commission
for
Backward Classes
Chairperson,
Rekha Sharma
National
Commission
for
Women
Secretary,
S. Somanath
Department
of
Space
Chairperson,
M.
Jagadesh
University
Kumar
Grants
Commission
43. Who started Bharat Jodo Yatra?
(a) Arvind Kejriwal
(b)
Rahul
Gandhi
(c) Smriti Irani
(d)
Amit
Shah
Key Points:
 Bharat Jodo Yatra was a mass movement
that was held by the political party
Indian National Congress
 Rahul Gandhi was orchestrating the
movement
 It will cover a distance of 3,570 km
 Bharat
Jodo
Yatra’
began
at
Kanniakumari on September 7, 2022,
and will end at Srinagar covering 12
States in 150 days.
44. Who
has
been
awarded
the
Pakistan’s highest civilian award,
the Nishan-e-Pakistan in 2023?
Ans: Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin
Notes: Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin,
the head of the Dawoodi Bohra sect
of Islam, will receive Pakistan’s
highest civilian award, the Nishane- Pakistan. This makes him the
fourth Indian to receive the award.
The Nishan-e-Pakistan is equivalent
to the highest military gallantry
award.
Other
Indians
who
have
received the award include Former
prime Minister Morarji Desai, Actor
Dilip Kumar and Kashmiri separatist
leader Ali Gilani.
45. Who is the New Chancellor of JMI?
Ans: Mufaddal Saifuddin
On
13th
March
2023,
Mufaddal
Saifuddin
was
elected
the
12th
Chancellor
of
the
University,
replacing Najma Heptulla.
46. Recently, who became the first
woman Vice Chancellor of Aligarh
Muslim University?
Ans: Naima Khatoon
Notes: Professor Naima Khatoon is
appointed as the Vice Chancellor of
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), the
first woman to hold the position in
its history. The appointment was
made by the Ministry of Education and
approved
by
President
Droupadi
Murmu.
Khatoon,
currently
the
Principal of AMU’s Women’s College,
will serve for five years or until
she turns 70. She becomes the third
VC of a central University and the
second woman VC in India after
Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit.
47. Who is the current Chancellor of
AMU?
Ans: Sydena Mufaddal Saifuddin
48. Organisation started by Sonam
Wangchuk
(a) Government of India program for
Children of Social & Economically
backward
(b) UN program for social justice
(c) Joint military operation of
Russia and China
(d) SECMOL
 It is an acronym for Students’
Educational and Cultural Movement of
Ladakh (SECMOL)
 This organization was started by
Sonam Wangchuk along with others in
1988
 The
organization
is
aimed
at
reforming the educational system of
Ladakh.
 Sonam Wangchuk is one of the 2018
winners of the Ramon Magsaysay
Award.
 He invented the Ice Stupa technique
that creates artificial glaciers,
used for storing winter water in the
form of a conical-shaped ice heap.

Context
Environment
Sonam
Wangchuk,
currently on a 21-day fast to demand
the implementation of the Indian
Constitution’s Sixth Scheduled and
statehood for the Union Territory
(UT) of Ladakh.
49. Consider
the
following
statements, with regard to the
Electoral Bonds.
1. Electoral bonds, can be given to
a registered political party which
is either a national party or a state
party.
2. Although called a bond, the
banking
instrument
resembling
promissory notes will not carry any
interest.
Select the correct answer using the
codes given
(a) only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) both 1 and 2
(d) none of
these
Electoral bonds will allow donors to
pay political parties using banks as
an intermediary. Although called a
bond,
the
banking
instrument
resembling promissory notes will not
carry any interest. The electoral
bond, which will be a bearer
instrument, will not carry the name
of the payee and can be bought for
any value, in multiples of Rs. 1,000,
Rs 10,000, Rs 1 lakh, Rs 10 lakh or
Rs 1 crore
Eligibility: electoral bonds can be
given to a registered political
party which has secured at least 1
percent vote in the last Lok Sabha
or state assembly elections. That
party will have to give one bank
account to the Election commission
and it will have to be encashed
within 154 days.
Need: The electoral bonds are aimed
at rooting out the current system of
largely anonymous cash donations
made to political parties which lead
to the generation of black money in
the economy.
List of Indian Official
Chairperson, 16th
Finance
Commission
of
India
Governor, Reserve
Bank of India
Minister of Home
Affairs
Minister
of
Finance
Minister
of
Defence
Minister
of
External Affair
Minister
of
Railways
Secretary,
Department
of
Space
Chairperson,
University Grants
Commission
Chairperson,
National
Human
Rights Commission
Arvind Panagariya
Shaktikanta Das
Amit Shah
Nirmala Sitharaman
Rajnath Singh
Subrahmanyam
Jaishankar
Ashwini Vaishnaw
S. Somanath
M. Jagadesh Kumar
Arun Kumar Mishra
Chairperson,
National
Commission
for
Minorities
Chairperson,
National
Commission
for
Scheduled Castes
Chairperson,
National
Commission
for
Scheduled Trines
Chairperson,
National
Commission
for
Backward Classes
Chairperson,
National
Commission
for
Women
Sardar Iqbal Singh
Lalpura
Kishor Makwana
Antra Sigh Arya
Hansraj
Ahir
Gangaram
Rekha Sharma
Q.
Who started Bharat Jodo Yatra?
1. Arvind Kejriwal
2.
Rahul
Gandhi
3. Smriti Irani
4.
Amit
Shah
Q.
Who
has
been
awarded
the
Pakistan’s highest civilian award,
the Nishan-e-Pakistan in 2023?
Answers:
Dr
Syedna
Mufaddal
Saifuddin
Notes: Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin,
the head of the Dawoodi Bohra sect
of Islam, will receive Pakistan’s
highest civilian award, the Nishane-Pakistan. This makes him the
fourth Indian to receive the award.
The Nishan-e-Pakistan is equivalent
to the highest military gallantry
award.
Other
Indians
who
have
received the award include former
Prime Minister Morarji Desai, Actor
Dilip Kumar and Kashmiri separatist
leader Ali Gilani.
Who is the new chancellor of JMI?
Musfaddal Saifuddin
On 13th March 2023, Mifaddal Saifuddin
was elected the 12th chancellor of the
university. Replacing Najma Heptulla.
Key Points




Bharat Jodo Yatra was a mass movement
that was held by the political party
Indian National Congress.
Rahul Gandhi was orchestrating the
movement.
It will cover a distance of 3,579 km.
Bharat Jodo Yatra, began at kanniyakmari
on September 7, 2022, and will end at
Srinagar covering 12 statrs in 150 days.
Who is the current chancellor of AMU?
Aligarh Muslim University
Other Naem
AMU
Chancellor
Syedna Mufadal Saifuddin
1.
Organisation
started
by
Sonam
Wangchuk
2. Government of India program for
children
of
social
&
economically
backwars
3. UN program for social justce
4. Join military operation of Russia and
china
Q. Recently, who became the first woman
Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim
Uniersity?
Ans. Naima Khatoon
Note:
Professor
Naima
Khatoon
is
appointed as the Vice Chancellor of
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), the
first woman to hold the position in its
history. The appointment was made by
the Ministry of Education and approved
by President Droipadi Murmu. Khatoon,
currently
the
principal
of
AMU’s
Women’s College, wull serve for five
years or until she turns 70. She becomes
the third VC of central University and
the second woman VC in India after
Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit.
Context

Environment Sonam Wangchuk, currently on
a
21-days
fast
to
demand
the
implementation
of
the
Indian
Constitution’s
Sixth
Schedule
and
statehood for the Union Territory (UT)
of Ladakh.
Q. Consider the following statements,
which regard to the electoral Bonds.
1. Electoral bonds, can be given to
a registered political party which
is either a national party or a state
party.
2. Although called a bond, the
banking
instrument
resembling
promissory notes will not carry any
interest.
Select the correct answer using the
codes given.
1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of
the above

The correct answer is option 1 i.e.,
organisation started by Sonam Wangchuck.
SECMOL:
 It
is
an
acronym
for
Students
Educational and Culture Movement of
Ladakh (SECMOL).
 This organization was started by Sonam
Wangchuk along with others in 1988.
 The organization is aimed at reforming
the educational system of Ladakh.
 Sonam Wangchuk is one of the 2018
winners of the Ramon Magsaysay Award.
He invented the Ice Stupa technique that
creates artificial glaciers, used for
storing winter water in the form of
conical-shaped ice heap.
Games and Sports
Olympic (Summer)
FirstLast
Next -
Athens,Greece
1896
Tokyo ,Japan 2020(2021)
Paris, France
2024
Olympic (Winner)
FirstChamonix,France
Last Beijing ,
2022
Next Milan ,
2026
1924
China
Italy
Commonwealth Games
FirstHamilton, Canada
1930
LastBirmingham, UK
2022
NextVictoria , Australia
2026
Asian Games
First New Delhi, India
Last Hongzhou, China
Next Nagoya, Japan
1951
2023
2026
FIFA World Cup
FirstUruguay
1930
Last Doha,Qatar
2022
(Winner - Argentina
Runner
- France
Golden Boot - K.Mbappe
Golden Ball - Lionel Messi
Next - USA,Mexico,Canada - 2026
ICC Cricket world Cup
First England
1975
Last India
2023
(Winner - Australia 6th times Runner
- India
Man of the Tournament- Virat Kohli)
Hockey World Cup
FirstBarcelona, Spain
1971
LastIndia
2023
Next-Netherlands & Belgium 2026
Tennis Tournament (all four Grand
slams, 2023 Winner)
1. Australian Open - Novak Djokovic
from Serbia
2. French Open - Novak Djokovic
3. Wimbledon cup - Carlos Alcaraz from Spain
4. US Open - Novak Djokovic
Note: Australian open,2024 winner
Men’s single -Jannik Sinner (Italy)
Women
SingleAryna
Sabalenka
(Belarus)
Men’s Doubles - Rohan Bopanna from
India
&
Matthew
Ebden
from
Australia.
#37th National Games, 2023 - Goa
#Khelo India Youth Games, 2023-Tamil
Nadu
#Khelo India Winter Games, 2024
Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir
Badminton (India Open winner) 2024
Men’s single - Shi Yu Qi
(China)
Women Single - Tai Tzu Ying (Taipei)
Women’s
Asian
Champion
Trophy
(Hockey) 2023 - Ranchi, Jharkhand =
India beat Japan in the Final.
Sports & important Trophy
Cricket





















Wills Trophy
Vizzy Trophy
Vijay Merchant Trophy
Sheesh Mahal Trophy
Sahara Cup
Rothman’s Trophy
Rohinton Baria Trophy
Reliance Cup
Ranji Trophy
Rani Jhansi Trophy
Nehru Cup (Jawaharlal Nehru Cup)
MRF world Cup
Moinuddowla Gold Cup
Irani Trophy
ICC World Cup
ICC Champion Trophy
Ghulam Ahmed Trophy
G.D. Biral Trophy
Duleep Trophy
Deodhar Trophy
Coach Behar Trophy
Hockey























Tommy Eman Gold Cup
Scindia Gold Cup
Sahni Trophy
Rene Frank Trophy
Ranjit Singh Gold Cup
Rangaswami
Cup
(National
Hockey
Championship)
Rangaswami Cup
Obaid Ullah Gold Cup
Nehru Triphy (Hockey Women’s)
Modi Gold Cup
MCC Trophy
Lady Ratan Tata Triphy
Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy
Inddira Gold Cup
Hockey World Cup
Gyanuati Devi Trophy
Gurunanak Championship (Wormen’s)
Guru Nanak Championship
Gurmeet Trophy
Essandra Champions Cup
Dhyan Chand Trophy
Bombay Gold Cup
Beighton Cup

Agha Khan Cup
Badminton











Uber Cup (Women)
Tunki Abdul-Raman Cup
Thomas Cup
Narang Cup
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup
Lady Ratan Tata Trophy
Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup
Divan Cup
Chanda Cup
Amrit Diwan Cup
Agarwal Cup
Lawn Tennis










Wimbledon Trophy
Wightman Cup
Travancore Cup (women’s)
Thant Cup
Ramanujan Trophy
Rajendra Prasad Cup
Jaylaxmi Cup (women’s)
Grand Prix
Davis Cup Rajkumar Cup (Junior boys)
Barna Bellack Cup
Table Tennis









Travancore Cup (Women’s)
Table Tennis Grand Prix
Swaythling Cup (Men)
Ramanujan Trophy
Rajkumar Cup (Junior boys)
Jaylaxmi Cup (Women’)
Corbotton Cup (Women’s)
Corbillion Cup
Barna Bellack Cup
Football



















Vittal Trophy
Todd Memorial Trophy
Subroto Cup
Subrata Mukherjee Cup (National School
Football)
Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy
Scissor Cup
Santosh Trophy (National Football)
Sanjay Gold Cup
Kalinga Cup
Jules Rimet Trophy
IFA Shield
G.V. Raja Memorial Trophy
FIFA World Cup
F.A. Shield
European Champions Cup
Burand Cup, F. A. Cup
Durand Cup
Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy: Football (Junior)
Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy
Sports Terminology
Sports
Basketball
Sports Terminology
Personal Fouls, Technical
foul,
Free
Throws,
Football
Badminton
Baseball
Athletics
Bridge
Boxing
Billiards
& Snookers
Cycling
Underhead, Overheadm Double
Dribble Foul lay Upshot,
Rebound,
Travel,
Zone
–
Defensem Paint, Airball etc.
Penalty kick, kick Goal,
Head,
Side
Back,
Pass,
Baseline, Rebound, Corner
Bick, Right Out, Hattrick,
Move, Dribble, Left Out, Off
Side,
Stopper,
Defender,
etc.
Fore Hand, Smash, Hit, Drop,
Net. Love, Double Fault,
Shuttlecock, Service Court,
Back Hand, etc.
Throw,
Strike,
Put
Out,
Perfect Game, Vase Runner,
Homerun, Pinch Hitter, etc.
High Jump, Triple Jump Cross
Country,
Photo
Finish,
Hammer Throw, Relay, Track,
Lane, Discuss Throw, Shot
Put, Hurdles, etc.
Perfect Deals, Dummy, Trump,
Master Point, Grand Slam,
etc.
Roughhousing,
Southpaw,
Spar, Stablemate, Technical
knockout,
Walkout
Bout,
Whiskers, Low Blow, Ring
Generalship,
Plodder,
Neutral
Corner,
Mauler,
Liver shot, Haymarket, Glass
Jaw, Cutman, Dive, Eight
Count.
Counterpunch,
Cornerman, Corkscrew Punch,
Buckle, Canvas, Card, Caught
Cold
Clinch,
Foot
Work,
Accidental Butt, Bleeder,
Bolo Punch, Bout, Brawler,
Break, Kidney Punch. Upper –
Cut, Round, Stoppage, Punch,
Knock Out, etc.
Cushion Billards, Cuem Hit,
Object Ball, Pull, Scoring,
Break Shot, etc.
Point
Race,
Time
Trial,
Track race, Sprint, etc.
Polo





Westchester Cup
Radha Mohan Cup
Prithi Singh Cup
Maharaj Prithi Singh Baria Cup
Ezra Cup
Golf





Walker Cup
Ryder Cup
Prince of Wales Cup
Eisenhower Cup
Canada Cup
Basketball



Williams Cup
Todd Memorial Trophy
Bangalore Cup
Air Racing



Jawaharlal Challenge
Best Service in Spoetsman
Jaswant Singh Trophy
Weight Lifting

Burdwan Cup
Boat Racing (Kerala)

Nehru Trophy Boat Race
Chess
International
Master,
Checkmate, Grandmaster, Gambit,
Move,
Resign,
Kings
Indian
Defence, etc.
Polo
Chukker,
Mallet,
Polo-Bunker
etc.
Shootin Air Rifle, Range, Bull’s Eye.
g
Free Pistol, Standard Rifle,
Rapidfire Pistol, etc.
Judo
Green Belt, Blue Belt, Red Belt,
White Belt, etc.
Tennis
Drop Shot, Netplay, Baseline,
Game point, Break Point, Smash,
Shot,
Break,
Grass
Court,
Service,
Grandslam,
Deuce,
Advantage, etc.
Wrestli Point, Hall Nelson, Heave. Free
ng
Style, etc
Swimmin Butterfly Stroke, Lane, Pool,
g
Crawl, Freestyle, Backstroke,
Breaststroke, etc.
Volleyb Smash,
Sidearm,
Penetration,
all
Deuce,
Libero,
Booster,
Spikers, etc
Golf
Albatross, Tea Shot, Birdie,
Blind Shot, Ace, Double Eagle,
All
Square,
Approach
putt,
Apron, Ballooning, Beach, Ball
Mark, Bogey, Bunker, Caddy,
Nulligan, Four-Ball, Off the
Deck, Sand Trap, Peg, Dogleg,
Condor, Claw Grip, Dub, Flag,
etc.
Horse
Faults.
Dresses,
Showjumping
Riding
Three day Events, etc.
Gymnast Sit Up, Floor Exercise, Uneven
ics
Bar, Push Ul, Horizontal Bar,
Parallel Bar, etc.
Cricket Midwicket, Mid on, Forward Short
Leg, Deep/Mid-Wicket, Runner,
Cover, Yorker, Silly Point,
Gully, Long on, Turn, Bouncer,
Hattrick, Round The Wicket, Over
the wicket, Seamer, Boundary
liner, sixer, Pull, Short, Dead
Ball, Overthrow, Maiden Over,
Bye, Leg By, Glance, Hook, Late
Cur, Stroke, Wide Ball, Hit
Wicket, Googley, Not Out, No
Ball, Stump out, Run Out, L.B.W.
Ashes
Catch,
Bowled,
Over,
Followan, Rubber, Spin Wicket
keeper.
Table
Back Hand, Chop, Half Volley
Tennis
Drive Spin, Late Service, Volley
etc.
Weight
Snatch, Jerk, etc.
Lifting
Award & Honours



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
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

Civilian Award (Four)
1. Bharat Ratna (highest )
The term Bharat Ratna was Initiated
in
the
year
1954
for
Art,
Science,Literature
and
Public
Service.
It is not Obligatory that Bharat
Ratna be awarded per Year.
Shape and Size - The adornment is in
the shape of a Peepal Leaf, around
5.8 cm long
3.1 mm thick
4.7 cm wide , of toned Bronze . On
its facade is imprinted an Imitation
of the sun of 1.6 cm in diameter
underneath which the word ‘Bharat
Ratna ‘ are embossed in Devanagari
script.
First received in 1954 by C.V.Raman, Dr S. Radhakrishna and C
Rajagopalachari.
First female - Indira Gandhi in 1971
CV Raman , Mother Teresa and
Amartya Sen received both
Noble prize and Bharat Ratna
Bharat Ratana Recipient 2024
Dr. MS Swaminathan
Dr. Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan
was an Indian agricultural scientist
and plant geneticist.
 He has been called the main architect
of the green revolution in India for
introducing high-yielding varieties
of wheat and rice.
 Her received:
 Padma Shri (1967)
 Ramon Magsaysay Award (1971)
 Padma Bhushan (1072)
 World Food Prize (1987)
 Bharat Ratna (2024)
2.
PV Narshimha Rao
 Pamulaparthi Venkata Narashimha Rao
was an Indian lawyer and politician.
 He served as the 9th prime minister
of India from 1991 to 1996.
 He
is
known
for
introducing
liberalization, Privatisation and
Globalisation
(LPG)
reforms
to
Inida’s economy.
 He was the 1st person from south India
to become PM of India.
 He was a freedom fighter, took part
in.
1.
3.
Chaudhary Charan Singh





Chaudhary Charan Singh was an Indian
politician & freedom fighter.
He served as the 5th prime minister
of India & 5th Chief Minister of Uttar
Pradesh.
Charna Singh followed Mahatma Gandhi
in
non-violent
struggle
for
independence & was imprisoned in
1930 for breaking salt laws.
He was again imprisoned in 1940 for
Individual Satyagraha.
He is referred to as the “Champion
of India’s perasants”.
4.
Karpoori Thakur (Posthumous):Bihar’s former Chief Minister and a
well-known socialist leader will be
posthumously honoured with Bharat
Ratna. Popularly known as referred
to as ‘Jan Nayak’ (people’s leader),
Thakur will become the 49th recipient
of this prestigious award.
5.
Lal Krishna Advani: Bharatiya Janata Party stalwart and
former deputy prime minister, has
been associated with the party since
its establishment in 1980. Apart
from this Advani served as both the
home minister and deputy Prime
Minister under the leadership of
Atal Bihar Vajpayee from 1999 to
2004. Current PM Narendra Modi
disclosed that Advani would be
bestowed
with
India’s
highest
civilian honour on 3rd February,
2024.
 Padma Vibhushan (2nd highest)
 Presented annually on 26th of

January.

Padma Vibhushan 2024

1. Padma Subrahmanyam

2.Vyjayantimala

3.Chiranjeevi

4. M Venkaiah Naidu

5.Bindeshwar
Pathak
(posthumously)
 Padma Bhushan, 2024
 1.Mithun Chakraborty
 2.Young Liu (Taiwan Foxconn CEO)
 3.Fathima Biwi (posthumously)
 * First Female judge of Supreme
 Padma Shree (Fourth highest)
 Ustad Zakir Hussain is an Indian
Table
player
composer,
Music
producer & film actor, Won be
grammy award in the contemporary
would music album category in
2024.
NOBLE PRIZE
 Instituted in 1901
 Awarded annually on 10 December

(death anniversary of Alfred Noble)
 Awarded
by
Swedish
Academy
(Stockholm, Sweden)
 Field
(6)-Peace,
Literature
,
Physics
 Chemistry,Physiology &Medicine
 From 1901.
 In the field of Economics from 1967
 NOBLE PRIZE (INDIAN)
1.
Rabindranath Tagore
 Field - Literature (1913 )
2.
C.V.Raman
 Field - Physics (1930)
3.
Dr Hargobind Khurana
Field - Medicine (1968)
4.
Mother Teresa
 Field - Peace (1979) 1st Female
5.
S Chandrasekhar
 Field - Physics (1983)
6.
Amratya Sen
 Field - Economics (1998)
7.
V Ramakrishna
 Field - Chemistry ( 2009)
8.
Kailash Satyarthi
 Field - Peace (2014 )
9.
Abhijit Banerjee
 Field - Economics (2019)
NOBLE PRIZE ( 2023 )
1. Peace - Nargesh Muhammadi
2. Literature- Jon Fosse
3. Economics - Claudia Goldin
4. Physics  Pierre Agostini
 Ferenc Krausz
 Anne L Huillier
5.
Chemistry  Moungi G. Bewendi

Luise E. Brus

Alexey I. Ekimo
6.
Medicine or Physiology
Katalin Kariko

Drew Weissman
Note : The first noble prizes were
awarded in 1901. It was shared
between the Frenchman Fredrick
 Passy and Jean Henry Dunant for Peace
.
 Madam Curie was the first women noble
prize recipient who receive noble
prize in physics (1903). She was also
the First Person (male or female )
to be awarded two noble prize second
for Chemistry (1911)





* Rabindranath Tagore was the
First Indian , also first
Asian
Noble Prize recipient. For
his
Literature Gitanjali .
Religious Scripture
Hinduism
 Vedas
 The
Vedas
are
the
earliest
surviving literature of the Indian
subcontinent.
 There are four Vedas: the Rig
Veda, the Sama Veda, the Yajur
Veda, and the Atharva Veda.
 Of these, the Rig Veda is the
oldest and was composed about 3500
years ago.
 All the other Vedas are based upon
it and consist to a large degree
of various hymns from it.
 It consists of a thousand such
hymns of different seers, each
hymn averaging around ten verses.
 The Rig Veda is also the oldest book
in Sanskrit or any Indo-European
language.
1.
Rigveda: The oldest Veda is the Rigveda. It
has 1028 hymns called ‘Suktas’ and
is a collection of 10 books called
‘Mandalas’.
 It is the oldest form of Veda and
the olderst known Vedic Sanskrit
text (1800-1100 BCE).
 The meaning of the world ‘Rigveda’
is Praise knowledge.
 It has 10600 verses
 The meters used to form hymns are
Gayatri, Anushtubh, Trishtubh, and
Jagati (Trishtubh and Gayatri are
most important).
2.




Samaved:Known as the Veda of melodies and
chantsm Samaveda dates back to
1200-800 BCE. This Veda is related
to public worship.
There are 1549 verses (except 75
verses, all have been taken from
Rigveda).
There are two Upanishads embedded
in Samaveda – Chandogya Upanishad
and Kena Upanishad.
The Samaveda is considered the
root of India classical music and
dance

It is considered as the storehouse
of the melodious chants.
3.
Yajurveda: Stands
to
mean
‘Worship
Knowledge’. Yajurveda dates back
to 1100-800 BCE; corresponding
witgh
Samaveda.
It
compiles
ritual-offering
mantras/chants.
These chants were offered by the
priest alongside a person who used
to perform a ritual (in most cases
yajna fire).
 It has two types – Krishna
(Black/Dark)
&
Shukla
(White/Bright).
 Krishna
Yajurved
has
an
unarranged
unclear.
Motley
collection of verses.
 Shukla Yajurveda has arranged and
clear verses.
4.
Atharvaveda: Stands to mean a tatppurusha
compound of Atharvan, and ancient
sage, and knowledge (atharvan +
knowledge), it dates back to 1000800 BCE.
 The daily procedures of life are
very well enumerated in this Veda.
 It has 730 hymns/suktas, 6000
mantras, and 20 books.
 Paippalada and the Saunakiya are
two
surviving
recenspions
of
Atharvaveda.
 Colled a Veda of magical formulas,
it includes three primary Upanishads
– Mundaka Upanoishad, the Mandukya
Upanishad,
and
the
Prashna
Upanishad.
 The famous epic Mahabharata was
written by Ved Vyasa.
5. Mahabharata is one of the two major
Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the
other being the Rmayana.
 The Mahabharata is an epic legendary
narrative of the Kuruksetra War and
the fates of the Kaurava abd the
Pandava princes,
 It also contains philosophical and
devotional material, such as a
discussion of the four “goals of
life” or purusartha.
Who wrote the book Ramayana?
1. Surdas
2. Kalidas
3. Veda Vyasa
4. Valmiki
The famous epic Mahabharata was
written by_____
1. Bhavabhuti
2.
Patanjali
3. Veda Vyasa
4. Valmiki
Who is considered the founder of
Buddhism?
1. Gautama Buddha 2.
Prophet
Muhammad
3. Mahavira
4. Guru Nanak
6. Ramayana is about Rama, a prince of
Kosala, who was sent into exile.
 His wife Sita was abducted by the
king of Lanka, name Ravanam and
Rama had to fight a battle to get
her back.
 He won and returned to Ayodhya,
the capital of Kosala, aftert his
victory.
 Like the Mahabharat, this was an
old story that was now written
down.
 Valmiki is recognized as the
author of the Sanskrit Ramayana. .
 Ramayana
consists
of
24,000
shlokas and seven cantos (kandas).
 The epic Ramayana, dates variously
from the 5h century BCE to the
first century BCE.
 Valmiki was a Sanskrit poet and
celebrated as Adi Kavi.
 There are several versions (many of
which
are
performed)
of
the
Mahabharata
and
the
Ramayana,
popular amongst people in different
parts of the subcontinent.
Others Literature

Natyashastra:- Sanskrit treatise on
the performing arts, attributed to
ancient Indian theatrologist and
musicologist sage Bharata Muni. It
consists of 36 chapters with a
cumulative total of 6000 poetic
verses describing performance arts.

Purana
¼iqjk.k½ :- Purana meaning
“ancient” or “old” is the name of a
genre (or a group of related genres)
of Indian written literature (as
distinct from oral literature). Its
general
themes
are
history,
tradition
and
religion.
It
is
usually written in the form of
stories related by one person to
another.

Shakuntala ¼vfHkKku’kkdqUrye~½ :Sanskrit play dramatizing the story
of Shankuntala told in the epic
Mahabharata, by the ancient India
poet Kalidasa.

Ramcharitmanas ¼jkepfjrekul½ :- An
Awadhi rendering of Ramayana by 16th
century saint and Poet Tulsidas.

Bhagavad Gita ¼Hkxon~ xhrk½ :- The
national
gospel
contained
in
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Mahabharata, Part of the epic poem
Mahabharata, located in the BhishmaParva chapters 23-40. A core sacred
text of Hindusim and philosophy.
Amrutanubhav:- Composition by the
Marathi Saint and poet Jnanesvar.
Aranyaka ¼vkj.;d½ :- Part of the
Vedas, the third layer embedded
inside them.
Arthashastra:- Ancient treatise on
statecraft, economic policy and
military
strategy
written
by
Chanakya (Vishnugupta)
Aryabhatiya:- An ancient Sanskrit
astronomical treatise by Indian
mathematician Aryabhata.
Brahmana:- One of the parts into
which the Vedas are divided, and are
its second layer.
Dharmasastra:- Sanskrit theological
text.
Chanakyaniti
:Collection
of
aphorisms, said to be selected by
Chanakya from the various shastras.
Gita Govinda:- Devotional poetry
written by Jayadev Goswami, based on
Radha Krishna.
Meghaduta:- Poem
by
Classical
Sanakrit author, playwright and
dramatist Kalidasa.
Buddhism

Gautama Buddha, variously termed
Sakyamuni
or
Tathagata,
is
considered the founder of Buddhism.
He was born as Siddhartha to
Suddhodhana, the rule of the Sakyan
republic, and his wife Maya, on
Vaisakha Purnima in the Lumbini
gardens near Kapilavasthu (in Nepal)
in the 6th century BC. His family name
was Gautama. He married Yashodhara
and has a son Rahula. But the life
of luxury left him dissatisfied, and
he was troubled by the signs of
sickness, old age and death that
observed in the worldly life.
At the age of 29, he decided to leave
the palace in search of peace and
understanding of the world’s ills.
At the age of 35, again on a Vaisakha
Purnima, he attained enlightenment
at what is now renowned as Bodh Gaya,
in Bihar, and came to be known as
the Buddha.
He gave his first sermon in the Deer
Park at Sarnath before his first
disciples. After more than forty
years of wandering about, giving
discourses
and
spreading
his
spiritual
thought,
the
Buddha
attained
Mahaparinirvana
at
Kushinagar (now in Uttar Pradesh).
The philosophy of Buddhism is to
avoid the extremes of life, whether
it is an addiction to worldly
pleasures or a life of painful
asceticism and self-mortification.
The Buddha did not concern himself
with metaphysical controversies.
 Mahayana Buddhism:
 After the death of Buddha, a group
evolved who believed that compassion
for all humanity was an important
part of the path and that teaching
is fully available to all.
 Those
who
followed
the
newly
expanded ideals called themselves
Mhayana Buddhism, all practicing
Buddhists
are
apprentice
Bodhisattvas
 In Mahayana countries, images of the
Buddha are set up in the temples and
homes as an object of worship,
Hinayana Buddhism
 From about 100 years after the death
of the Buddha, there had been a
movement towards embracing the style
of Buddhism.
 The early monks concentrated on
personal
enlightenment,
seeking
spiritual answers for themselves,
and teaching other the way of
enlightenment.
 But the information was severely
limited to the lay community as it
was assumed only minks could achieve
buddhahood.
 This section or also known as
therevada.
Theravada means the way of elders.
The subject matter of Buddhist
scripture “Vinay Pitak” is.
1. Religious Sermon
2. The life sketch of Buddha
3. Rules for Monks
4. None of the above
Important Points
 The rules made by the Buddhist
Sanghas were laid down in Vinaya
Pitaka.
 Tripitaka or There Baskets is a
traditional term unsed for various
Buddhist scriptures.
 The three pitakas are SUtta Pitaka,
Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
 Sutta Pitaka:
 It contains over 10 thousand
suttas or sutras related to Buddha
and his close companions.

 It also deals with the first
Buddhist council which was held
shortly after Buddha’s death.
 It is the collection of buddha’s
Sermons and Teachings.
Vinaya Pitaka
 It is also known as the Book of
discipline
 The subject matter of Vinay Pitaka
is the monastic rules for monks
and nuns.
It deals with the governing rules of
sangha and monks.
 BOOK
 WRITER
 Sariputra
 Ashvaghosha
Parkaran
 Milinda Panha
 Nagasena
 Buddhacharita
 Ashvaghosha
 Sutrankara
 Asanga
 Deepvansh
 Sthvir
Mahanaam
 Madhyamik
 Nagarjuna
Sutra
 Mahavansh
 Sthvir
 Jataka
 Buddhist
Monk
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Jainism
Svetambara and Digambara are two
sects of the _______ community.
1. Zoroastrian
2. Buddhist
3. Maratha


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4. Jain
Svetambara and Digambara are two
sects of the Jain community,
Svetambara Jains are “those who wear
white” and is one of the two
important sects of Jainism
Svetanvaras unlike Digambaras do not
believe in renunciation of clothes
for attaining liberation.
They also believe that anybody can
attain liberation (including women).
Digamabara Jains are those to whom
“space is the garment” and o not wear
anything.
The
Digambara
Jains
worship
completely
nude
idols
of
tirthankaras (omniscient beings) and
siddha (liberated souls).
The
tirthankara
is
represented
either seated in yoga postura or
standing in.
They believe that liberation can
only be attained through male body
and nudity is necessary to break the
bondage of illusory world
Drstivada (This anga has disappeared
by the time second sangeeti was

organized in 512 AD. The remaining
Angas
were
written
down
in
Ardhamagadhi
(Jain
Parakrit)
language.
12 Upanga Agams: Upanga Agamas are
explanations to Angas.
6 Chedasutras: These are texts
related to behavior of Monks and
Nuns.
4 Mulasutras: These are texts which
provide a base in the earlier stages
of the monkhood.
10 Parkirnaka Sutras: These are
texts
on
Independent
or
miscellaneous subjects.
2 culikasutras: These are texts
which further enhance or decorated
the meaning of Angas.
Jain literature is called Jain
Agamas. They are canonical texts of
Jainism
based
on
Mhavira’s
teachings. There are in all 46 texts.
12 Angas: The 12 Angas are as
follows.
1. Acaranga sutra
2. Sutrakrtanga
3. Sthananga
4. Samavayanga
5. Vyakhyaparjnapti or Bhagavati
Sutra
6. Jnatrdharmakathah
7. Upasakadasah
8. Antakrddaasah
9. Anuttaraupapatikadasah
10. Prasnavyakaranani
11. Vipakasruta
Acharang Sutra (Acaranga Sutra)
Acharanga Sutra is the first of the
eleven (or 12) Anga Agamas. It is
the first text that was studied by
the Jain monks. This agam describes
the conduct and behavior of ascetic
life and the description of the
penance of Lord Mahavira. This is the
oldest agam from a linguistic point
of
view.
It
was
written
in
Ardhamagadhi parkrit.

Kalpa Sutra
Kalpa
Sutra
was
written
by
Bhadrabahu.
It
contains
the
biographies of the jain tithankaras,
most notably parshvanath and mahavir
including the latter’s Nirvana.
Since Bhadrabahu was a teacher of
Chandragupta Maurya, we can say that
it was compliled in mauyan Era.
Sikhism

Guru Nanak Dev Ji is considered as the
founder of Sikhism.


He was born on 15th April 1969 in Rai
Bhoi ki Talwandi, presently in Pakistan.
He died at the age of 70 in Kartarpur,
Pakistan.
Sikh Guru of Sikhism:
Number
First
Second
Guru
Angad
Third
Guru
Amardas
Fourth
Guru
Ramdas
Guru
Arjan
Fifth
Sixth
Guru Har
Gobind
Seventh
Guru Har
Rai
Guru Har
Krishna
Eighth
Ninth
Eleventh
1.





Name
Guru
Nanak
Guru
Tegh
Bahadur
Guru
Granth
Sahib
Important works
 Founder
of
Sikhism
 Langar
instituted
by
him
 Believed
in
universal god.
 Against
the
Vedas and caste
system
 Gave
importance
of
Gurumukhi
script
 Manji and Piri
system
instituted
by
him
 Against
the
Sati system
 Anand Karaj was
composed by him
 The
first
martyr of the
Sikh religion.
 Fought
war
against
Shah
Jajahn
and
Jahangir
 He gave shelter
to Dara Shikhoh
 Aurangzeb
summoned him in
his forcibly
 He popularized
Sikhism
in
Assam and Bihar
 Last
eternal
guru of Sikh
Adi Granth
Adi Granth means “the first book”. This
book is compiled by the 5th group by Guru
Arjan Dev. It is a collection of nearly
6,000 hymns of the sikh Gurus.
In this holy book the 10th Sikh Guru,
Guru Gobind Singh added holy words to
this Granth.
This is known as the Sri Guru Granth
Sahib Ji.
Born on 15 April 1963, Guru Arjan Dev
became a Guru on 16 september 1581,
making him the fifth Sikh Guru of
Sikhism.
He was tortured and executed on 30 May
1606 on orders of Mughal emperor
Jahangir for refusing to convert to
Islam.
2.
Guru Granth Sahib
 The holy book of the Sikhs is known as
the Guru Granth Sahib and it is
considered as the eternal guru for all
times after the tenth guru of the
Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh, declare that
the lineage of living gurus will end
with him. Hence. Statement w is
correct.
 The original name of the Guru Granth
Sahib was Adi Granth and it was Guru
Gobind Singh who elevated it to the
status of the eternal and immortal guru
by naming the book, Guru Granth Sahib.
This holy book which comprises the
sermons of the Guru called the
Gurbani is written in the Gurmukhi
script, which incidentally is the
official scrip for written any
Punjabi text in the state of
Punjab.
3.
The Dasam Granth (Punjabi),
Historically
known as Dasven
Padshah ka Granth (Punjabi) (Book of
the Tenth Emperor), is a scripture
of
Sikhism,
containing
texts
composed by the 10th sikh Guru Guru
Gobind Singh. The compositions of
the Granth.
4.
Bhai Gurdas Varan
Varan Bhai Gurdas is the name given
to the 40 Varan (Chapters) of writing
by Bhai Gurdas Ji. They have been
referred to as the “Key to the Sri
Guru Granth Sahib” by Guru Arjan Dev,
the fifth Sikh Guru.
Jews
Q. The religious text of the Jews in
named as.
1. The Analectus
2. Torah
3. Tripotaka
4. Zend –
Avesta
The religious text of the Jews in
named as Torah. It
is the central reference of Judaism
(Jews).
Christian
A Christian worships Jesus Christ in
a Church and their religious book is
the Holy Bible. The holy book is
subdivided into two main sections,
the old Testament and the New
testament.
The
New
testament
describes how God sent his only son,
Jesus Christ, to restore the broken
relationship between people and God.
The book contains the teachings of
Christ.
Islam
Which of the following is a sacred
book of Islam?
1. The Tanakh
2.
The
Agamas
3. The Hadiths
4.
The
Avesta



The
Hadiths
are
the
second
most
important book of the religion of Islam.
Quran is the most sacred book of Islam
The Hadith is the record of the
traditions or the savings of the prophet
Mohammad
Extra Facts:
Sacred
Book
The Tanakh
The Hadiths
The Agamas
The Avesta
Religion
Judaism
Islam
Jainism
Zoroastrianism
Parsi
Q.
The holy book of Parsis is.
1. Torah
2. Bible
3. Zend Avesta
4. Geets
Prepare by Mohd Shadab
Mob no - 9758216719