Ada notes;
(insula)
(domus)
(greek house)
(tenement house)
Lecture1;(conceptualizing the house)(space,place,dwelling,analysis of home)
*Space(certain,academic,easily defined,objective)//place(phenomenlogical,dynamic,everyday
experience,subjective,no crisp boundries,definitions,contextual)—meaning/perceptional feeling for both
(aesthetics,image,satisfation,personal history,experience)
*House(people,family lives,animals are kept)---home(family lives together in one building,person lives naturally)
*House is space,but home is place.
*Hosehold(who live under same roof like family) *inhabitant(who has
particular space regularly, of large cities, the tapeworm is an inhabitant of the intestine)
*Dwell(remain for a time like resident),dwelling(shelter for people),domicile(dwelling place, Place of residence)
*Habitus(By promoting a habitus of keeping our distance, the virus may complete the triumph of solo living, in
sociology, includes skills,habits, -systems of durable, transposable dispositions, structured structure
predisposed to function as structuring structures). *Habitat(a place human,animals normally live, the place
where smth is commonly found).
*The meaning of home(despres)-(security&control,reflection of ones ideas,changin ones dwelling,continuity,
relationships between fmily&friends,center of activities,place to own,refugee from outside,personal status)
*home as phsical(arthictectural structure),social(family unit structure),individual(a person’s relationship with
structure),cultural(reflection of ideas),metaphorical(house as methapor of earth)
*like physical(location-rural urban etc,style-tradition,old,type-block,flat,detahcted,multi-storey,sizetwo^rooms,studio,loft,facilities^services,spatial qualities(light/dark)).
Like social attributes(neighbourhood community,residence type-single or cohousing type,type,householdsingle,nuclear,ownership-rented,owned)
Like individual(phsical^emotional security,social control,self,a refugee,ownership,a dialog between self and
community, show cultural affilialiton,relation between past and future,activities)
*housing in roman empire(villas, insula,domus)----*insula(block of grouped but separate buildings, brick with
concrete like wood balcony, apartments for people when high value land and dense population, labor class
lived,poor contruction-poor water etc)----*domus(a private residence for single family, rooms along Street
occupied by shops, 2 large ,open areas along central axis, functioned like hubs in giving access to a number of
small rooms around them)---*villas(owned by wealthy,far from city crowd,there activites like
theatre,libraries,bath houses etc.)
Lecture 2;(origin of dwelling,Paleolithic Age,Neolithic Age,Neolithic Revolution,Villages and Cities)
*evolutionary scheme for housing;1-Ephemeral or transient dwelling like huts at congo basin(nomadic
societies for hunting)2-Episodic or irregular temporary dwellngs like kyrgyz yurt,North american tents
apacis(advanced nomadic in agriculture)3-Periodic dwellngs like tents in arabic deserts(nomadic with rural
econmy)4-seasonel dwellings like buildings with mud,dirt or seminomadic turkish(tribal economies with
marginal agriculture),5-Semipermanent dwellngs(settled societies with political org by practising agriculture,6permanent dwellngs(only in urban societies, sedentery agriculture societies)
*Ephemeral dwellings(bands with no skills,vehicles,survival,limited size, formed to aviod harsh environmental
conditions good for survival)---Episodic dwellings(advanced skills,creativity,larger size,designed to aviod harsh
weather conditions).
*in Paleolithic age,primitive dwellings(settled near food sources,changed in seasonal, done by hands)
1)skerm(communal life,food sharing,migration for food,under large tree,easy reach food a mile from water for
animal danger), hut(hunting with nets,spears,communal life,only 1 month stay in the same camp,chairs, places
edges of the clearing,changing organization.
*Caves-1)Tasaday cave(sedentary communities,hunting-gathering,live-densely, no division labor,no
property),2)Lascaucx cave(paintings of horses,deer,elk,not domestic structure,images painted in non-reach
area).
*Neolithic age:use of organic materials,strong mud against massive flood
-Neolithic revolution(human started cultivating plants, breed animals)village,cities(near by water,rounded
building walls,complex crafting with mudbrick,multi-room houses,defense)
Lecture 3;Pastoral&rural,sedentery&rural settlements,tradition fromGreek to Roman,Urban plans
*The temporary dwellings including the ephemeral, episodic and seasonal ones are inherently pastoral. They
exist within a natural landscape - submit to and are dependent on the natural environment.
*Rural Settlements(English Countryside - Still inhibited but many are now a tourist attraction Cottages and
churches. Town, county, meadow, Turkish Countryside - Still inhibited but many are now urbanized.Roman
villas-owned by wealthy,avoid from crowd,activities.
*Rural housing-agricultural societies -land ownership -strengthening of ties along occupational lines -social
structures defined through division of labour and wealth -geared for production -local materials and resources
are used -durability -comfort -multi room (bedroom, kitchen, storage, barns, stables.
*Transition from Greek to Roman Indeed, the Roman civilization was built on a culture Hellenic in origin, but
Rome "gave it order, prosperity, and peace for 200 years, held back the tide of barbarism for two centuries
more, and transmitted the classic heritage to the West before she died" (Durant 1939, 671). Greek Agora (public
square) Temples can be entered from all sides Irregular faÁades and courtyards Roman Forum (public district)
Directed entrance from the forum side Plain faÁades and atriums slums, traffic, need of renewal ìurban-ruralî
complexity and problems begun.
*Reading Urban Plans / The Image of the City-elements of legibility(Paths, Nodes, Edges, Landmarks, Districts).
Lecture 4; -Urban&Urbanization,Agricultural Revolution,Urban Revolution,Industrial Revolution.
*The house and the city over time Three revolutions that shaped cities:1. Agricultural Revolution (also known
as ‘Neolithic Revolution East)2. Urban Revolution. Industrial Revolution.1) 1. Agricultural Revolution-The
transition to settled life First Sedentary Settlements,2) Urban Revolution(urban civilization,Extensive size and
population Agricultural surplus Labour division Taxation,Monumental public buildings,Ruling class,Invention of
writing sophisticated artistic expression,Trade over long distances.2)Urban one--state formation,shift from
small, agricultural villages to larger urban center with a full-timebureaucracy, military, and stratified society). 3)
Industrial Revolutio.-Industrialization,technological explosion & rapid increase in urbanization,larger
populations in small areas: big pools of workers and more,specialized workforce for factories,he promise of paid
work,streets designed for commerce, often arranged in grids allowed expansion
*Pros-cons of industrialized urban house---pros: -Diversity and variety of urbanservices, people, spaces,
etc.,Easy access to inter-city and interregional transportation Better and varied options for higher education and
specialized jobs.Cons--Pollution, noise, Crowds,Traffic,High prices and rents,Higher crime rates.
Lecture 5; Industrialization,Suburban and Domesticity,Social Housing, Slums, Squatters, HomelessnessContradictions and Inequality.
*industrilization(tech increase rapid,more specialzed workforce,migration,live close factoriesetc
(cohousing)
concrete house
*Tenement Halls: Model Houses for Families designed by Henry Roberts, five-storey buildings,self-contained
houses,rather proper living conditions
*slum-a densely populated usually urban area marked especially by poverty, squatter- one that settles on
property without right or title or payment of rent,homelessness- households without a shelter that would fall
within the scope of living quarters.
*Homelessness in the Industrial Era:Temporary solutions for homelessness-Common Lodging Houses: also
known as ‘doss houses’-bed rentals for the night, or by the hour,-beds were not changed between guests,-for
much cheaper, you could spend the night sitting on a chair, or sleeping on a rope.
*Contemporary Contradictions and Inequality-1)Slums;lack of services that enable safe and healthy living
conditions for the residents,lack public spaces and healthy contact between diverse individuals.2)Camps as
permanent exceptions.3) Co-housing: a group of homes that include shared areas, rooms, equipments and/or
services,aims for creation of mutually supportive,communities,governance and maintenance by the community
members.4)social housing: accommodation provided at affordable rates to people on low incomes or with
particular needs by the state or by non-profit organizations.5)gentrification-the process of renewal and
rebuilding accompanying the influx of middle-class or affluent people into deteriorating areas that often
displaces poorer residents.
Lecture 6; Production of Space,Production of Home,,Neighbourhoods and Co-Housing,Between Rural and
Urban: Garden Cities.
*Space is a Social Product!-(Social) space is not a thing among other things, nor a product among other
products: rather, it subsumes things produced, and encompasses their interrelationships in their coexistence
and simultaneity - their (relative) order and/or (relative) disorder. It is the outcome of a sequence and set of
operations, and thus cannot be reduced to the rank of a simple object. ...Social space implies a great diversity of
knowledge.
*Space as a social product-the lived/experienced space-,multi-layered & material-,constantly
changing,collectively constructed-,uneven and ambiguous.
*Sense of Place / Sense of Community-both achieved by experiences, memories and perception,necessitates
physical/cultural elements,via shared spaces and experiences; the feeling of belonging, emotional,connection
and a shared identity can be constructed in a particular social or,geographic location,until very recent,
(throughout the history) community formation had been location-bounded, since it is not easy to be in touch
with the individuals at distance.
*Social & Physical Production of Home--an ever changing culture depending on the context: an example:
1)Social/Mass Housing: reinforced concrete/rapidly constructed, similar building pattern/similar interiors,
Communal spaces (kitchen, kindergarten open areas), High-rise, less use of ground, Lack of human
scale.2)Suburban housing-A reaction to the ill health, high crime and pollution in cities, Facilitated by the
development of mass transportation Technologies,Commuting by car.
*Neighbourhoods: 1)as location for social connection-serve as location where people work for support,2)sense
of community-social connections 3)safety 4)identity,culture 5)civic engagement-opportunities for residents for
work together.6)as Cohousing-shared rooms,equipments,mutually supportive communities,maintanence by
community.
* Between the Rural and the Urban: Garden Cities----the purchase of a large area of agricultural landwithin a
ring fence, the planning of a compact town surrounded by wide rural belt, the accommodation of residents,
industry, and agriculture within the town, the limitation of the extent of the town and prevention of
encroachment upon the rural belt,welfare. Ex: housing inspired by Arts & Crafts movement, consisting of:
roughcast render cladding over bricks, red roof tiles, green drainpipes, water butts, doors, etc., gables street
layout is axial, with roads radiating out from central square,tree-lined streets, each with a different variety of
trees, planned green spaces throughout (LETCHWORTH,UK)
Lecture 7--The Renaissance of Housing -Form, Material, Structure -The 19th c. Domestic Interiors -The
Bourgeouis Interior -The Dismantling of the Bourgeouis Interior.
*intimacy: something of a personal or private nature -something being marked by very close association,
contact, or familiarity ,Privacy: the quality or state of being apart from company or observation -freedom from
unauthorized intrusion ,Publicity: the quality or state of being public -an act or device designed to attract public
interest. Ex: “Comfort became significant in the eighteenth century as an attribute of the body and its physical
environment, supplanting an earlier sense of comfort meaning moral and spiritual support.”
*The Renaissance of Housing—includes: Emergence of new urban plans: row houses, squares, mansions,
monument,town houses in UK.
*Form,Material,Structure--How do buildings stand up?: by transferring all loads to the ground in the shortest
possible way To be able to stand up, buildings need to have a structural system that has resistance against
external loads and the building’s self weight (‘dead load’). This system should have: Strength to prevent
breaking ,Stiffness to prevent excessive deformation ,Stability to prevent overall collapse.
*1)structure (material: wood) three wooden poles are structural elements ) a part of the construction, yet, not
of the structure (material: wood) two wooden poles are constructional elements 3). a part of the construction,
yet, not of the structure (material: hide) the cover is a constructional element.
*New Materials , New Means of Production----Arcades and passages ,The ancestors of shopping malls ,The
encouring of the spectator and the spectacle ,The emergence of urban flâneur ,The commodification of urban
space, Structural Iron: Higher, Wider, and Deeper(rockfeller center,manhattan,qulle bina), Reinforced Concrete
and Mass Houses(rapid construction,high rise,lack of human scale-TOKİ)
*The 19th Century Domestic Interiors----France (Louis Phillippe Interior), Victorian Style -The reign of Quuen
Victoria (1837-1901) ,Mass production ,Excess of ornament ,Orderliness, Floral figures and compositions, figural
and abstract, Wallpapers, Panels and Simple Furnishing, Art Nouveau (Jugendstil) by Combined floral decoration
and sinuous curves with more geometric lines, The Secession Building, Vienna
*The Bourgeois Interior----Opening large boulevards in order to prevent barricades, key factor of 1789
revolution and Paris Commune – safety, The emergence of “promenade” and “boulevard, Standardized housing
blocks instead of slum houses ,Urban furnitures ,Gentrified city center.
*Existenzminimum (The Minimum Dwelling)---- New Frankfurt projects: The Frankfurt Kitchen by Grete
Schütte-Lihotsky (1926) -Standart units ,All elements and their materials considered ,Compact and functional
design: ,Efficiency (time-motion studies conducted) ,Workflow ,Hygien. Red Vienna centerpiece: Communal
houses (Affordable housing; working class residences).
*The Cult for Modern Living----The Spaces: Thinner Walls (not load-bearing, just seperators) , More
transparent, getting more sunlight ,Relationship with the landscape ,Open plan, fluid space ,Light and
multifunctional furniture. Five Points for Architecture by Le Corbusier: Pilotis (supports that lift a building
above the ground or a body of water) ,Flat Roof Terrace ,Open Plan (a plan where the interior walls are used
sparingly) ,Ribbon Windows (horizontal, continuous openings throughout the façade) ,Free Façade (façade set
free from structural constraints).
Lecture 8-- Identity and Architecture,Space & Gender,Feminism,Beliefs and Memory
* Identity & Architecture---Baku cultural center,Paris,NY,
* Gendered Ancient Spaces---- Powerful goddesses, but for humans, gender roles fairly strict, depending on
Status. For citizens:Men marry around age 30, women around age 13-14,Men are often farmers and/or
craftspeople or merchants,In Athens, all citizen men are expected to play a role in the government, Pederasty:
relationships between older men and younger boys are accepted mentoring but also often sexualized, Women
weave, cook, raise children, manage household, Ideally should not be part of public life, But some women DO
have professions, Vendors, nursemaids, midwives, bankers (widows), tavern keepers, prostitutes ,some involved
in their husbands’ businesses, cottage industries, This was looked down upon by some of the elite.
* -Gunaikon or gunaikonitis : women’s quarters, Andron or andronitis : men’s quarters,Image of separation of
space, Sometimes women’s quarters are upstairs.
*Gendered space—The Flaneur(-A constant wanderer of urban areas, -A figure who derives pleasure from the
hustle and bustle of the city streets, who moves among the urban crowd with the eye of an artist. Arcades were
the true homes of the flâneurs they brought together the metropolis and the crowd in dreamscapes, The
impact of iron and glass , brought together with dense crowds, Light from above , lined with luxurious shops on
both ends, An arcade is a small city, a microcosmos, Arcades are common dreams, the subconscious of a shared
history.
*Belief and houses--The sacred and the secular are not always separated within the house, God (s) live in the
house, God (s) are worshipped in part of the house, sacred is part of the physical structure of the house
sacredness calls for / brings in certain qualities, spatialities, or elements in the house, the divine can visit the
house.
*Rituals---1)Smudging(-burning plants such as: sage, cedar,traditional ceremony of Native Americans,
accompanied by prayers, believed to purify, spiritually cleanse, rid physical, spaces of negative energy, and
bless, adopted by various cultures and belief systems all around the world). 2) Meditation(-to engage in mental
exercise,rooms, corners or spots are created specifically for meditation or arranged temporarily natural light /
dim space, candles, clutter free space with comfortable seating such as cushions.
* ritualization---a process by which certain actions gain an added emphasis through particular kinds of
performance--assigns specific importance to the dining room and the kitchen ,has an effect on kinship
* Memory---Degrees of Memory--- Individual memory,Group memory,public / social / collective memory
Memory: The mental space where images are encoded---------------by selecting among various perceptions
stored, retrieved from---------when needed for / relevant to the present.
* Memory / History—1)attaches itself to site,is a perpetually actual phenomenon, is life,is absolute. 2)attaches
itself to events,is a representation of the past, is the reconstruction of what is no longer , can only conceive the
relative.
* Space-Memory---Experience is “various modes through which a person knows and constructs a reality”.
" Collective Memory----monument, memorial structure, statue; votive offering; tomb; memorial record,"
literally "something that reminds, , bring to (one's) recollection, "any enduring evidence or example" is from
1520s; sense of "structure or edifice to commemorate a notable person, action, period, or event" is attested
from c. 1600.ace becomes place as we get to know it better and endow it with value".(us 2001)
* Memory – House “The home, as the arena for everyday life, was found to constitute much of the substance of
a person’s memories, to provide the physical cues which evoke memories, as well as to play a special role in
preserving memories”.
*note additional: Where a ruler had near absolute power, it was possible to apply these principles of
Renaissance planning. Medieval streets, which had been narrow and crooked, were now subjected to geometric
clarification, and wide avenues with a distant vanishing point were cut through the intricate and intimate maze
of their medieval urban fabric. The human scale of the medieval cities gradually vanished and was too readily
exchanged for a monumental and impressive scale. Aesthetic appeal and order were not solely responsible for
the transformation of the cityscape..“In cities the home and workplace became separate during the
Renaissance, a separation that up to then had no precedent in the evolution of urban housing. From this time
onward the home was a place for entertaining, eating, sleeping, and child rearing, but not where one worked to
support a family. This separation first affected wealthier urban dwellers, but, as we will see, it eventually
reached all city inhabitants. The trend to separate the home from the place of business seems unimportant at
first, but it had protound repercussions upon city development during subsequent centuries. Eventually, women
lost touch with affairs in the outside world, and men, in turn, lost touch with domestic affairs.
minimum dwellingthe power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and retained especially
throughassociative mechanisms “began to lose his memory as he grew older”, the store of things learned and
retained from an organism's activity or experience as evidenced by modification of structure or behavior or by
recall and recognition “has a good memory for faces”, commemorative remembrance erected a statue in
memory of the hero> the fact or condition of being remembered “days of recent memory”,, a particular act of
recall or recollection “has no memory of the event”, an image or impression of one that is remembered “fond
memories of her youth”, the time within which past events can be or are remembered “within the memory of
living people”.
household deity
gender&space
garden cities