Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
College of Teacher Education
Department of Science
Written Report:
Models of
Atoms
(CHAPTER 1)
S118 – Modern Physics
Submitted by: Engie Estonina Colaste
BSEd- Science 3B
Submitted to: Vivian C. Peligro Ph.D.
Instructor
Chapter 1
Topic: Models of Atom
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to;
a) identify the models of atom;
b) differentiate the models of atom; and
c) illustrate the different models of atom.
Introduction
Atoms
An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. An atom consists
of a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus
is positively charged and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and
neutrons (TechTarget, n.d.).
● Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Anything that takes up space and
anything with mass is made up of atoms. It composed of subatomic particles
including the protons, neutrons which is located in the nucleus and the electrons
that is found in the atomic orbital.
Democritus
He was a central figure in the
development
of
the atomic
theory of the universe. He
theorized that all material bodies
are made up of indivisibly small
“atoms” (Britannica, n.d.).
Discussion Proper
Models of Atom
The Billiard Ball Model
⮚ Proposed by John Dalton in 1804
⮚ He interpreted the atom to be a ball-like structure (Time.Graphics, n.d.).
⮚ This theory proposed that matter was composed of small, spherical particles.
https://images.app.goo.gl/VbSV5x7gBH8Pz1KK6
● Due to new discoveries regarding the structure of atoms, Dalton’s Model undergone
with different revisions.
New Evidence
⮚ During the 1900s evidence was discovered regarding charges:
⮚ Atoms have positive (Rutherford’s contribution) and negative (Thomson’s contribution)
parts.
The Plum Pudding or Chocolate Chip Cookie Model.
⮚ Proposed by John Joseph Thomson (1856 – 30 August 1940).
⮚ According to the Thomson's Plum Pudding Model of an atom, the structure of an atom is
similar to a chocolate chip cookie where the electrons can be represented as the chocolate
chips and the positive charge as dispersed in the rest of the cookie (Byju's, n.d.).
https://images.app.goo.gl/Gew2wHrHFgcczEnb9
Nuclear Model
⮚ Proposed by Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)
⮚ Discovered a huge flaw in the previous concept of the atom during his now famous gold
foil experiment.
https://images.app.goo.gl/vVrcA2qByAUeRj8g7
Further explanation of Nuclear Model
o If previous models were correct, alpha particles would have passed straight through the
gold.
o Rutherford found that most (99%) of the alpha particles that he shot at the gold went
straight through.
o From these experiments Rutherford concluded that the atom had a dense positive core,
with the rest composed of mostly empty space with the occasional negatively charged
electron.
https://images.app.goo.gl/1ykPL4jQ35PW4N5HA
Rutherford’s Findings in his experiment:
o Most of the particles passed right through
o A few particles were deflected
o VERY FEW were greatly deflected
Conclusions:
o The nucleus is small
o The nucleus is dense
o The nucleus is positively charged
Bohr Model or the Planetary Model
⮚ Proposed by Neils Bohr (1885-1962)
⮚ Discovered that electrons exist in several distinct layers or levels.
⮚ Travel around nucleus like planets travel around sun.
⮚ Electrons Orbit.
⮚ Electrons can jump between levels with energy being added/released.
⮚ Jimmy Neutron Model
0
Quantum Mechanical Model
⮚ Proposed by Heisenberg and Schrodinger
o Improved on Bohr’s findings
o Electron location cannot be predicted
⮚ This model sees the electrons not as individual particles, but as behaving like a cloud the electron can be “anywhere” in a certain energy level.
⮚ The Quantum Mechanical model, although most accurate, is complex even at a university
level (conceptually and mathematically).
Activity 1: Atom Models Showcase
Objective:
a.) determine the different models of the atom.;
b.) appreciate the evolution of atomic theory and the contributions of different scientists;
and
c.) demonstrate their ability to create a visual representation of an atom model.
Materials:
● Various art supplies (colored paper, markers, glue, etc.)
● Reference materials on different atom models
Procedures:
1. Instruct the students to choose one atom model and create a visual representation of it using
the art supplies.
2. Encourage students to be creative and include key features of the chosen atom model in their
presentation.
3. Allocate 5 minutes to complete their visual representation.
4. Explain the key components of the model they chose.
Rubric:
- Creativity (5 pts)
- Accuracy in representing the chosen atom model (5 pts)
- Explanation (5 pts)
Guide Questions:
1. What considerations did you take into account when deciding on the materials, scale, and
presentation style for your model?
2. How did you ensure that your atomic model accurately represents the scientific principles and
theories
it
is
based
on?
3. What aspects of your atomic model showcase do you think will be most informative or engaging
for viewers?
4. Are there any specific questions or prompts you will use to prompt discussion and deeper
exploration of atomic theory?
5. How do you envision this experience impacting your future engagement with science education
and outreach efforts?
Output:
The students will express their understanding of Atomic Models through visual
presentation.
Activity 2: Atomparison
Objective:
a) determine the different models of the atom;
b) explain Thomson’s model and Rutherford’s model; and
c) make a Venn diagram comparing the two models of atom.
Materials:
● Paper and pen
Procedures:
1. Provide a brief overview of Thomson's Plum Pudding Model and Rutherford's Nuclear Model,
highlighting their key features and historical context.
2. Instruct students to create a comparison chart or diagram that highlights the similarities and
differences between Thomson's and Rutherford's models.
3. Allocate 5 minutes to complete their task.
Rubric:
✔ Research (10 points):
Accuracy and relevance of information gathered.
✔ Comparison Chart (10 points):
Clarity of comparison chart or diagram.
Inclusion of key features and relevant details.
✔ Presentation (10 points):
Organization and coherence of presentation.
Guide Questions:
1. What were the main similarities between Thomson's Plum Pudding Model and Rutherford's
Nuclear Model of the atom?
2. How did Thomson and Rutherford use experimental evidence to support their respective
atomic models?
3. What were the key differences in the structure of the atom proposed by Thomson compared
to Rutherford?
4. How did the discoveries of Thomson and Rutherford challenge and advance the
understanding of atomic structure during their time?
5. In what ways do Thomson's and Rutherford's atomic models continue to influence our
understanding of atomic theory and modern scientific research?
Output:
The students will compare Thomson’s model and Rutherford’s model of Atom.
Activity 3: Atomic Models Video Presentation
Objectives:
a) determine the different model of atom;
b) differentiate each model of atom; and
c) make a video presenting the different models of atom.
Material:
● Smartphone
● Video editing tools
Procedure:
1. The students will divide into four (4) groups.
2. Learners will go to their respective group and they will be brainstorming.
3. Each group should create a video presenting the different models of atom.
4. Upload the Video in YouTube and send the link in the Group Chat.
Guided Questions:
1. What are the key features of the atomic model presented in the video?
2. What scientific discoveries or experiments influenced the development of this model?
3. What experimental evidence supported the validity of this atomic model?
4. What are the similarities and differences between these model and previous models
proposed by other scientists?
5. What impact did this atomic model have on the field of atomic theory and scientific
understanding?
Rubrics:
- Content (10)
- Clarity (5)
- Engagement (5)
- Visuals (5)
Output:
The students will be able to show the different models of atom through creative video
presentation.
Multiple Choice Test
1. What are atoms?
A. Subatomic particles
B. Basic building blocks of matter
C. Units of energy
D. Waves
2. Who proposed the Billiard Ball Model of atoms?
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. John Dalton
C. John Joseph Thomson
D. Niels Bohr
3. According to John Dalton's model, atoms are interpreted as:
A. Spherical particles
B. Chocolate chip cookies
C. Waves
D. Rings orbiting a nucleus
4. Which model of the atom proposed that electrons are like chocolate chips embedded in a
positively charged dough?
A. Billiard Ball Model
B. Plum Pudding Model
C. Nuclear Model
D. Bohr Model
5. Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model of the atom?
A. John Dalton
B. Ernest Rutherford
C. John Joseph Thomson
D. Niels Bohr
6. Which experiment led Ernest Rutherford to propose the Nuclear Model of the atom?
A. Gold Foil Experiment
B. Chocolate Chip Experiment
C. Plum Pudding Experiment
D. Electron Jump Experiment
7. What did Rutherford discover about the atom in his gold foil experiment?
A. Atoms are solid and indivisible
B. Atoms consist of a dense positive core with mostly empty space around it
C. Atoms are flat and two-dimensional
D. Atoms contain only electrons
8. Who proposed the Bohr Model of the atom?
A. John Dalton
B. Ernest Rutherford
C. John Joseph Thomson
D. Niels Bohr
9. According to the Bohr Model, where do electrons orbit?
A. In random paths around the nucleus
B. In a cloud surrounding the nucleus
C. In distinct layers or levels
D. Inside the nucleus
10. Which model of the atom suggested that electrons behave like waves?
A. Bohr Model
B. Quantum Mechanical Model
C. Plum Pudding Model
D. Billiard Ball Model
11. Who proposed the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom?
A. Heisenberg and Schrodinger
B. John Dalton
C. John Joseph Thomson
D. Niels Bohr
12. What improvement did the Quantum Mechanical Model make over the Bohr Model?
A. Predictable electron locations
B. Defined electron orbits
C. Ability to visualize electron behavior
D. Electron location cannot be predicted accurately
13. In which model are electrons represented as a cloud around the nucleus?
A. Bohr Model
B. Quantum Mechanical Model
C. Plum Pudding Model
D. Billiard Ball Model
14. Which model of the atom is considered the most accurate?
A. Billiard Ball Model
B. Bohr Model
C. Plum Pudding Model
D. Quantum Mechanical Model
15. What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment reveal about the nucleus?
A. It is positively charged and contains most of the atom's mass
B. It is negatively charged and occupies most of the atom's volume
C. It is neutral and located at the center of the atom
D. It is composed of protons and neutrons
16. Which model of the atom suggested that the nucleus is small, dense, and positively charged?
A. Plum Pudding Model
B. Bohr Model
C. Billiard Ball Model
D. Nuclear Model
17. Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model of the atom?
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. John Dalton
C. John Joseph Thomson
D. Niels Bohr
18. What does the Bohr Model propose about electron orbits?
A. They are random and unpredictable
B. They are fixed and unchanging
C. They are continuous paths around the nucleus
D. They are discrete energy levels
19. Which model of the atom suggests that electrons travel in distinct layers or levels?
A. Bohr Model
B. Plum Pudding Model
C. Nuclear Model
D. Billiard Ball Model
20. Which model of the atom suggested that the structure of an atom is similar to a chocolate
chip cookie?
A. Bohr Model
B. Plum Pudding Model
C. Nuclear Model
D. Billiard Ball Model
Answer’s Key:
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. D
19. A
20. B
References
Britannica. (n.d.). Democritus. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Democritus
Byju's. (n.d.). According to the Thomson's Plum Pudding Model of an Atom, the Structure of an
Atom Consists of. Byju's. https://byjus.com/question-answer/according-to-the-thomson-splum-pudding-model-of-an-atom-the-structure-of-an-1/
TechTarget.
(n.d.).
Atom.
Retrieved
from
https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/atom#:~:text=An%20atom%20is%20a%
20particle,known%20as%20protons%20and%20neutrons.
Time.Graphics.
(n.d.).
Dalton’s
Model.
https://time.graphics/fr/event/4463408
Retrieved
February
17,
2024,
from