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PROJECT REPORT
Automatic Traffic Light Controller
Submitted to:
Engr. M. Hamza Zulfiqar
Submitted by:
Group-2
Group Members:
Mudassir (2022-BME-104)
Nouman (2022-BME-105)
Abdul Moheet Saqib (2022-BME-129)
Nimra (2022-BME-128)
Semester:
4th
Course Name:
Digital Logic Design
Course Code:
CSE-221
Submitted on:
April 30, 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Narowal Campus.
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Project Title:
Automatic Traffic Light Controller
1.1 Objective:
The objective of an Automatic Traffic Light Controller is to optimize traffic flow and enhance road safety
through dynamic signal adjustments based on real-time conditions, minimizing congestion and reducing
waiting times for vehicles and pedestrians.
1.2 Introduction:
Traffic Lights are used to control vehicular traffic on the road and publics streets. That’s why traffic lights
are mandatory for smooth traffic to avoid the traffic jams and accidents.Basically, there are three lights in
the traffic signal, each having a different message for the drivers. Red light (upper one) asks the driver to
yield at the intersection, green light (last one) gives the driver free license to drive through the intersection
whereas the yellow light (middle one) alerts the driver to wait if the next light is red one or get ready to
go / turn the engine ON if the green light is next.Traffic lights have proved to be an amazing way to stop
vehicular collisions and control the traffic jams and divert the traffic in smooth lanes.
1.3 Components:
1. 5V Battery
2. 10K, 1K and 220Ω resistors
3. 1000µF, 200µF capacitors
4. 555 timer IC
5. 4017 IC counter
6. 7404 IC (Inverter)
7. 7408 IC (AND)
8. Veroboard
9. Jumper Wires
10. Traffic lights
1.4 Working Principle:
This traffic light circuit is designed based on a counter IC, which is mainly used in sequential circuits where
a sequential circuit is used to count the numbers in the series. This way, we may call it a sequential traffic
light system.
The working and operation of traffic lights control circuit, the main IC is 4017 counter IC which is used to
glow the Red, Yellow and Green Light respectively. The 555 timer acts as a pulse generator providing an
input to the 4017 counter IC.
The glowing time of certain LED lights totally depends upon the 555 timer’s pulse, which we can control
via the potentiometer, so if you want to change the time of glow for a specific Light, you can do so by
varying the potentiometer which is used to handle the setting of timing durations.
As the traffic light are not connected directly with the 4017 counter, hence the lights won’t be stable all
the time. The Main drawback of this circuit is that you are unable to set an exact timing using this
configuration, however you will have the accurate estimated time period during the circuit operation.
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 Truth Table:
Yellow
Green
Red
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
O
1
1
0
 Boolean Expression:
Y’.G’=R
1.5 Circuit Diagram
Figure 1.1 Circuit Diagram Automatic Traffic Light Controller
1.6 Theory:
 Traffic Light:
Traffic lights are signals on the road controlling vehicles.They have three colors: red, yellow, and green.
Each color indicates a different action: Red means stop, yellow means slow down or prepare to stop, and
green means go.
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Figure 1.2 Traffic Light
 Capacitor:
Capacitor stores electric charge. They are used with resistors in timing circuits because it takes time for a
capacitor to fill with charge. They are used to smooth varying DC supplies by acting as a reservoir of charge.
They are also used in filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC signals but they block DC signals.
Figure 1.3 Capacitor
 Resistor:
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that restricts the flow of electric current. It is
one of the fundamental building blocks in electronic circuits and is used to control the amount of current
flowing through a circuit.
.
Figure 1.4 Resistor
 Battery:
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Battery is a type of electrochemical cell that produces electrical energy through chemical reactions. It is
designed to provide a voltage potential of 12 volts between its positive (+) and negative (-) terminals.
These batteries play a crucial role in various applications, and they are widely used in automotive, marine,
industrial, and consumer electronics settings.
Figure 1.5 Battery
 Jumper Wire:
A jumper wire, also known simply as a "jumper," is a short electrical wire used to establish a temporary
connection between two points in an electronic circuit. These wires are commonly used in electronics
projects, prototyping, and on breadboards to create electrical connections between component.
Figure 1.6 Jumper Wires
 Veroboard:
Veroboard is a prototyping circuit board with copper strips arranged in parallel rows and columns on
one side, with holes for inserting and used for soldering electronic components to create custom
circuits without etching.
Figure 1.7 Veroboard
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 555 Timer IC:
The 555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals
are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely
controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. The timer IC is a general purpose IC that can be used for
precision timing pulse generation, sequential timing, time delay generation, pulse width modulation ,
pulse position modulation and linear ramp generation. The 555 can operate in both astable and
monostable modes with timing pulse ranging from micro second.
The 555 timer IC is a popular chip that's like a little clock for electronics. It's handy for making things like
traffic lights, timers, and beeping sounds in gadgets and DIY projects.
Pin Diagram:
Figure 1.8 Pin diagram 555 Timer IC
 4017 IC counter:
The 4017 IC counter is a component used in electronics to count pulses or signals. It has 10 outputs that
light up sequentially, making it useful for creating traffic light chaser lights, electronic dice, and simple
digital clocks. Divides the input frequency by 10 and provides output signals. The CD4017 IC is a decade
counter that counts to ten. It has 10 outputs that represent the numbers 0 to 9. The counter increases
with one for every rising clock pulse. After the counter has reached 9, it starts again from 0 with the next
clock pulse.This is a great chip for making running Traffic Light.
Pin Diagram:
Figure 1.9 Pin diagram 4017 Counter IC
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Figure 1.10 Clock Pluses
1.7 Hardware Implementation:
Figure 1.11 Hardware Implementation
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1.8 Simulated Circuit:
Figure 1.12 Automatic Traffic Light Controller
1.8 Application:
 Improved Safety:
The automatic system ensures consistent and reliable traffic signal operation, reducing the risk of
accidents.
 Reduced Congestion:
The system can adjust signal timing based on traffic conditions, improving the flow of vehicles and
minimizing delays.
 Cost-Effective:
The use of inexpensive components makes this project a cost-effective solution for traffic light control.
1.9 Scope for Further Improvements:
 Sensor Integration:
Incorporating traffic sensors could enable the system to adapt signal timing based on real-time traffic
data.
 Wireless Connectivity:
Adding wireless communication capabilities could allow for remote monitoring and centralized control of
multiple traffic lights.
 Energy Efficiency:
Exploring alternative power sources, such as solar panels, could make the system more energyefficient
and resilient to power outages.
This project can be further enhanced by adding sensors to detect vehicles, signals for pedestrians crossing,
and making it work smoothly with other traffic systems.
1.10 Conclusion:
Automatic Traffic control system is mainly designed to reduce traffic problems, i.e. in general the four
sides of the road at signal point are controlled at regular intervals of time with a certain time delay.Based
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on our analysis of the present traffic control system, the following assumptions became necessary in order
to develop a feasible system.