10
English
Quarter 4 - Module 5A:
Composing a Research Report
on a Relevant Social Issue
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5A: Composing a Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue
First Edition, 2020
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Assistant Regional Director: Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO IV
Development Team of the Module
Author:
Ma. Angela G. Yagin
Editors:
Ma Evelyn R. Reyes
Oscar L. Tambalque Jr.
Reviewers:
Marilou J. del Rosario, PhD
Ana Liza D. Teodoro
Rowell T. Aguilus
Liezl D. De Jesus
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Nehemia L. Ganiban
Rowena M. Dullas
Ireneo A. Bucsit Jr.
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10
English
Quarter 4 - Module 5A:
Composing a Research Report
on a Relevant Social Issue
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Composing a
Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
i
For the learner:
Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Composing a
Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This
includes
questions
or
blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
ii
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References
This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
7. Write all your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
iii
What I Need to Know
This module was designed for you, dear learners, to provide engaging and
self-directed activities that will develop your knowledge and skills in research
writing (EN10SS-IVe-2.3). You will learn how to find, gather, understand and
analyze sources and information. Moreover, the critical thinking skills you will
acquire through research will allow you to gain valuable insights and make better
decisions that will contribute to the success of your future.
The module has one lesson:

Lesson 1 – Developing a Research Topic, Writing the Introduction and
Formulating Research Questions
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the characteristics of a good research topic;
2. develop a research title;
3. write a research introduction on a relevant social issue; and
4. formulate research questions related to the objectives of the research
introduction.
What I Know
This part serves as your pre-test which will determine your background
and prior knowledge about the lesson that we are going to tackle.
Directions: Read the questions below and write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the first step in the research process?
A. Choosing the research topic.
B. Selecting the research method.
C. Brainstorming for research techniques.
D. Gathering the needed information and data.
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research title?
A. It should be broad.
B. It should be focused.
C. It should be interesting.
D. It should be comprehensive.
1
3. A good research topic is manageable. Which of the following best describes
this characteristic of a research topic?
A. The research topic holds the researcher’s interest.
B. The research topic is not too broad or too narrow.
C. The research topic has focused research questions.
D. The research topic enables you to review related literature.
4. Which of the following is an example of a focused research topic?
A. Food Safety
B. The Causes and Effects of Pollution
C. Factors Affecting Students’ Low Scores in Math
D. Effects of Environment to the Culture of People
5. Which statement below is TRUE when beginning to write a research?
A. It is simple and easy to find information on any topic.
B. No matter what is the topic, good research takes time and effort.
C. If you have a good topic, researching for it will not take a long time.
D. State directly the research objectives to make your purpose clear.
6. Why is it important to include background information in a research
introduction?
A. It expands your knowledge while reading the research report.
B. It identifies and describes the purpose and significance of your study.
C. It provides the reader with the essential context needed to understand
the research problem.
D. It ensures that a specific group of people will benefit from the study.
7. What do you call the written works which is composed of discussions of
facts and principles to which the present study is related?
A. Bibliography
C. Related Literature
B. In-text Citation
D. Research Questions
8. What should be included when writing an in-text citation?
A. Title and Year of Publication
B. Title and Author’s Last Name
C. Author’s Last Name and Publisher
D. Author’s Last Name and Year of Publication
9. Which of the following is NOT a quality of a good research question?
A. It is realistic.
C. It is attainable.
B. It is general.
D. It is brief and concise.
10. You wanted to know the relationship between poverty and academic
achievement among the Grade 10 students in your school. What could be
one of your research questions?
A. Does poverty greatly affect the Grade 10 students?
B. How are Grade 10 students being affected by poverty?
C. What are the results of poverty among Grade 10 students?
D. What is the relationship between poverty and academic achievement
among Grade 10 students?
2
Lesson
1
Developing a Research Topic,
Writing the Introduction and
Formulating Research Questions
Have you ever thought about how the world would have been without the
advancement in technology and other fields? Well, that’s because of research!
And consequently, life of people has become easier and more comfortable.
Since research plays a very important role in our daily lives, it is therefore
essential that you also have a background knowledge on how it is being done.
What’s In
Directions: Using your knowledge from the previous module, complete the
definition of the following terms. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Term
Class
Differentiating Characteristics
1. Time management
________ the act or
process
of
planning and
exercising
conscious
control
over
the
amount of time spent on specific
activities to increase productivity.
2. A research topic
is a subject or
issue
_________ a researcher is
interested
in
when
conducting research.
3. ___ in-text citation
is a brief form
of reference
that you include in the body
of your work.
4. Research questions
_______ queries
that a research project sets
out to answer.
5. Related literature
is
composed
of
discussions of facts
and principles
to ________ the present study is
related.
3
What’s New
Developing A Research Topic
Directions: Identify the characteristics of a good research topic by answering the
puzzle below. Refer to the clues in the box to solve the puzzle. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
5
Clues
Vertical
1. Keep your topic _____________ so that you can find the right amount of
information needed for your research report.
3. A good research topic is _______________. It should address directly or
indirectly some real problems in the world.
Horizontal
2. You need to make your topic __________ in order to do research effectively.
Without specific areas of focus, it will be hard to even know where to begin.
4. A _____________ topic is one that is not too broad to handle and not so
narrow that you can’t find enough information related to the study.
5. Choose a topic that is ______________. Select something that will hold your
interest and will make the research process more fun and engaging for you.
It is important that you take into consideration the above characteristics
because it will not only help you in selecting your topic but it will also guide you
in writing your research title.
4
Writing the Research Title
The research title summarizes the main idea of your study. A good title
contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or
purpose of your research paper. Look at the sample research title below.
“Factors that Affect Time Management of
Junior High School Students”
The title indicates the respondents
which are the Junior High School
students and the scope which only
focuses on the factors that affect
time management.
After choosing your topic and writing your title, you are now ready to write
your introduction. Just like finding the right research topic and developing the
title, you need to be guided in writing your research introduction.
What Is It
Writing the Research Introduction
The introduction of a research report serves as the roadmap of your
paper. Well-written introductions set the tone, catch the reader's interest, and
communicate the objectives of your research. For you to write a good research
introduction, read and understand the parts and the sample paragraphs below.
The example introduction is from the research study entitled “Factors that Affect
Time Management of Junior High School Students”.
Step 1
Provide
background
Information
 Give a general introduction to the topic for
broad audience.
 Narrow the focus to your particular topic.
 State the problem and its importance.
Example:
Time is an invaluable resource and to effectively handle this is the
secret to achieving success in life. Thus, the world encourages people to
manage time effectively as early as their elementary education starts.
Time management has been a subject of research in different areas.
One is in the field of learning where it occupies a central position in different
courses and various handbooks on study skills. Although lots of students
know that time management is vital to perform certain goal-directed
activities, many are still overwhelmed and stressed on how they will manage
to finish all their school tasks in a given time period.
5
General
Introduction
Focused
Topic
Problem
Step 2
Review
related
literature.
It identifies
Review
o
the written
works/
studies
related to
your topic.
Example:
 Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize,
paraphrase, or quote from another source to avoid
plagiarism.
American Psychological Association (APA) in-text citation
style uses the author's last name and the year of publication.
For example: Mental health disorders are complex and can
take many forms. (Roser, 2018).
Author’s Last Name
Year of Publication
 You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that
includes the author's last name followed by the year of
publication in parentheses.
For example: Asmelash (2019) stated that heavy social
media use can be linked to depression and
other mental disorders in teens.
 If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the
sentence, place the author's last name and the year of
publication in parentheses after the quotation.
For example: Heavy social media use can be linked to
depression and other mental disorders in
teens (Asmelash, 2019).
Example 1 of in-text citation
A study conducted by Garcia (2004) showed that one of the most frequent
complaints made by students is that they do not have enough time to carry out
all the tasks assigned to them in different academic areas. The students also
pointed out that there were many classes, projects, reading assignments, exams
and other preparations that require constant dedication over a long period of
time. When students faced this kind of problems, they started to procrastinate
because they lacked organizational and time management skills. As a result,
students were not able to organize duties according to their priorities. It is
therefore essential for students to improve their time management skills since it
is one of the keys to higher academic achievements (Kelly, 2014).
Example 2 of in-text citation
Step 3
State the
objectives and
highlight the
significance of
the study.
 Specify the objectives of the research or analysis of the
study described in the paper.
 Establish what you intend to accomplish.
 Include how your study would benefit a specific group
of people.
Example:
Since there is a necessity of effective time management required from
students during their academic and professional life, this study will be
conducted with the aim of identifying the factors that affect students’ time
management and the time management practices they commonly use. The
results of this study would help students understand the effective time
management strategies and apply them to attain maximum learning
achievements.
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Objectives
Significance
Formulating the Research Questions
After writing your introduction, you need to formulate your research
questions which will be the bases of your research questionnaire.
Writing a good research question means you have something you want to
study. The research questions are based on the objectives identified in the
introduction. We will examine the steps and then look at how you could write
your research questions.




Specify your concern or issue.
Decide what you want to know about the specific concern or issue.
Turn what you want to know and the specific concern into a question.
Ensure that the question is answerable.
Two Categories of Research Questions
There are two main categories of research questions: quantitative and
qualitative. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the
data they yield. The category you will choose depends on what kind of data you
are hoping to collect.
Quantitative research will result in data
that are easy to convert into objective, numbersbased analysis. They are easier to measure using
statistical analysis because you can assign
numeric values and directly compare different
answers to the same questions.
Common quantitative
methods include:
 experiments
 observations recorded
as numbers
 surveys with closedended questions
Example:
Have you ever applied time management when accomplishing your school
tasks?
*This question is answerable by yes or no.
Qualitative research involves collecting and
analyzing non-numerical data to understand
concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used
to gather in-depth insights into a problem or
generate new ideas for research. Qualitative data
are more difficult to analyze than quantitative
data. It consists of text, images or videos instead
of numbers.
Common qualitative
methods include:
 interview
 observations in
detailed field notes
 surveys with openended questions
Example:
What ideas and suggestions could you give towards effective time
management?
*This is an example of an open-ended question where students would have
different answers defending on their perspectives and/or experiences.
7
What’s More
Since you are already familiar on how to develop a research topic,
write the introduction and formulate research questions, you are now ready to
accomplish the following activities. Good luck!
A. TIKTOK TREND!
Directions: Arrange the following paragraphs in correct order to make a good
research introduction. Write letters A-E in organizing the paragraphs. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. Therefore, this study aims to understand the reasons as to why
TikTok application has gained its massive attention, determine the effects of
this application to teenagers and to get the parents’ perspectives about this
application being used by their children.
______2. TikTok, also known as Douyin in China, started in September 2016
and is maintained by Byte Dance (Hallanan, 2018). This media application is
accessible in over 150 marketplaces and in 75 languages. Because of its
popularity, it has already generated a modern trend among teenagers. It permits
them to make and share 15 to 60-second short video and lets them choose
songs, effects, or soundbites. An additional benefit is that collaboration, which
is a major motivation, allows them to do a ‟duet” with someone by responding
to their video. This results in a limitless chain of responses. In September 2020,
it exceeded Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Snapchat in monthly installs
in the App store. Due to 500 million worldwide effective users, TikTok became
such a hit (Mushtaq, 2020).
______3. This study hopes to benefit not just the TikTok users but also their
parents and guardians on how they would help their children be vigilant
when using this application.
______4. Because of its popularity, it is already playing a crucial role in youth’s
life. Although it has major advantages like it allows users to discover new
things and opportunities, different studies showed that it has been exploited
and that it already impacts teenagers negatively. Addiction, bullying and safety
concerns are just some of its negative effects (Jaffar, 2020).
______5. TikTok is one of the most popular applications on social media. This
application is the world’s prominent destination for creating short-form
mobile videos in Asia, United States and other parts of the world. It emerged
from the founders of the application called Musical.ly.
8
Source: Jaffar, B., Mushtaq, A., & Riaz, S. (2020). Living in a Moment:
Impact of TikTok on Influencing Younger Generation into Micro-Fame
B. GUESS WHAT!
Directions: Go back to the first activity, TikTok Trend. Based on the research
introduction you have organized, write a research title by rearranging the
words in the box below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Using
Effects
The
Teenagers
Tiktok
Among
of
Research Title: ___________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned
Directions: Let’s sum up what you have learned. Choose the correct term from
the enclosed choices that should go into the blank spaces. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
The first step in the research process is choosing your (1) _______________
(objectives/topic). In doing so, there are lots of things that you need to consider.
First, since writing a research paper is going to be time consuming, it is important
to select a topic that is ______________ (interesting/focused). This will hold your
attention and will make the research process engaging for you and your audience.
Second, it should also be (3) ________________ (broad/focused) to clearly define
the research problem. Finally, your topic should be (4) _______________
(comprehensive/manageable) enough so that there will be enough data and
information available to finish the research report.
Writing the introduction is the next step after selecting your topic and
writing your research title. To define your topic, include the (5)__________________
(in-text citation/background information) by giving general introduction before
narrowing down the topic. (6) __________________ (In-text citation/Background
information) is also essential when quoting or summarizing a research related to
your study. In citing sources, the (7) _______________ (author’s last name/year of
publication) must come first before the (8)____________________ (author’s last
name/year of publication).
Lastly, include the (9) _______________ (objectives/research problem) in the
last part of your introduction to establish what you need to accomplish. Your
objectives will also be the bases of your (10) _______________ (research
topic/research questions).
9
What I Can Do
Directions: One of the most popular social issues that you have observed is the
use of social media among teenagers. As an inquisitive student, you wanted to
know its positive and negative effects in the teenagers’ lives. Therefore, you
decided to conduct a research study about this issue. For your task, you need to
complete the outline below.
A. Develop your research title.
Research Title: _________________________________________________
B. Write a research introduction by following the parts indicated in the
inverted triangle below.
C. Formulate two quantitative research questions related to your study.
Research Questions:
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
*Refer to the scoring rubric below in accomplishing your tasks.
SCORING RUBRIC
Criteria
10
Research
Title
The research
title is focused
and related to
the social issue
presented.
8
The research
title is
somewhat
focused but still
related to the
social issue
presented.
10
6
The research title
is not focused but
still related to the
social issue
presented.
4
The research
title is not
focused and is
not related to
the social issue
presented.
Research
Introduction
Research
Questions
Mechanics
Introduction
contains
detailed
background
information
about the topic;
comprehensive
literature review
which is highly
relevant to the
topic; and
clearly stated
objectives and
significance of
the study.
Introduction
contains some
background
information
about the topic;
complete
literature review
with very few
non-referred
sources; and
evident
objectives and
significance of
the study.
Research
questions are
quantitative and
relevant.
Research
questions are
quantitative but
less relevant.
Sentence
structure is
correct.
Punctuation
and
capitalization
are correct.
Sentence
structure is
correct. Some
awkward
sentences do
appear. There
are one or two
errors in
punctuation
and/or
capitalization.
Introduction
states the
problem but does
not explain the
background of
the topic;
literature review
is partially
complete and
includes few nonreferred sources;
objectives and
significance were
somewhat
understandable
but need clarity.
Research
questions are not
quantitative and
of little relevance.
Work contains
structural
weaknesses and
grammatical
errors. There are
three or four
errors in
punctuation
and/or
capitalization.
Introduction is
incomplete and
disorganized;
literature
review includes
an
inappropriate
number of nonreferred and
unrelated
sources;
unclear and
confusing
objectives and
significance of
the study.
Research
questions are
not
quantitative
and lack
relevance.
Work contains
multiple
incorrect
sentence
structures.
There are four
or more errors
in punctuation
and/or
capitalization.
Assessment
Directions: Read the questions below and write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting a research
topic?
A. A topic that is interesting.
C. A topic that is broad.
B. A topic that is manageable.
D. A topic that is focused.
2. A good research topic is comprehensive. Which of the following best
describes this characteristic of a good research title?
A. It is not too broad to handle.
B. It is significant and interesting.
C. The objectives are clearly identified.
D. There are enough data and information related to the study.
3. Which serves as the roadmap of a research paper?
A. Research Title
C. Research Data
B. Research Objectives
D. Research Information
11
4. What should be included in the beginning of a research introduction?
A. Background information of the topic
C. Significance of the study
B. Related literature about your study
D. Research objectives
5. What must NOT be done when writing the review of related literature?
A. Copy text from a source and paste it into your own document.
B. Include in-text citation in your paragraph.
C. Write the name of the author being cited.
D. Paraphrase the paragraph.
6. Which of the following is an example of an American Psychological
Association (APA) in-text citation?
A. According to Jones, students often had difficulty using APA style
(1998).
B. Jones states that students often had difficulty using APA style (1998).
C. "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998).
D. "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones).
7. Why is it important to state the objectives in the introduction?
A. It describes the significance of the study.
B. It defines the topic of the research report.
C. It summarizes the relevant related literature.
D. It establishes what the researcher wants to accomplish.
8. What will serve as the basis in creating a research questionnaire?
A. Research title
C. Research introduction
B. Research questions
D. Research data
9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research question?
A. It should be attainable.
C. It should be realistic.
B. It should be general.
D. It should be concise.
10. Which of the following is an example of a focused quantitative research
question?
A. What are the effects of globalization?
B. How can drunk driving be prevented?
C. What effects does social media have on people’s minds?
D. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Facebook among
elementary students?
Additional Activity
WHAT’S NEXT?
Directions: In one paragraph, explain how you intend to continue in
accomplishing your research report. Be guided by the questions below. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Who will be my respondents?
2. How will I present the results of my study?
3. How will the outcome of my study help my community?
12
Key to Correction
What’s In
1. is
2. that
3. an
4. are
5. which
What I Know
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. D
B. Guess What!
The Effects of Using
Titkok Among
Teenagers
What I Have
Learned
1. topic
2. interesting
3. focused
4. comprehensive
5. background
information
6. in-text citation
7. author’s last
name
8. year of
publication
9. objectives
10. research
questions
What’s More
A. Tiktok Trend
1. E
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
What’s New
1. Comprehensive
2. Focused
3. Significant
4. Managebale
5. Interesting
Additional Activities
*answers may vary
Assessment
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. D
What I Can Do
*answers may vary
References/Electronic Sources
Bhandari, P. (2020). An introduction to qualitative research. Retrieved from
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