PRE-KINDERGARTEN EXPERIENCES
ON MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE
OF KINDERGARTEN PUPILS
I. RATIONALE:
1. Kindergarten used to be an educational approach that based on playing, singing and practical
activities, but today’s trend leans toward a more structured.
2. A quality pre-kindergarten can provide the age-appropriate activities necessary to help
students enter kindergarten with confident in their abilities and interested in learning more
about numbers.
• OBJECTIVE:
To find out if there are differences in the learning performance in Mathematics of
children who attended pre-kindergarten program.
II. RESEARCH PROBLEM:
This study will be conducted to measure the level of performance in Mathematics among
kindergarten pupils who have pre-kindergarten experiences. The instrument to be use is PreKindergarten Rapid Numeracy Assessment. The researcher is interested to know whether there are
differences in the scores of the Numeracy Assessment among the participants based on their
gender (MALE, FEMALE) and GROUPS which is the type of their pre-kindergarten settings
(PRIVATE PRESCHOOL, DAYCARE, and SUMMER CLASS).
Research Question(s):
1.
Is there a significant difference in the level of performance between male and female pupils?
Ho: There is no significant difference in the level of performance between male and female pupils,
μm = μf.
Ha: There is a significant difference in the level of performance between male and female pupils,
μm ≠ μf.
2. Is there a significant difference in the level of performance among pupils from private
preschool, daycare, and children attended summer classes?
Ho: There is no significant difference in the level of performance among private preschool,
daycare, and children attended summer classes, μ1 = μ2 = μ3 .
Ha: At least one μ is different from others.
3. Is there a significant interaction between GENDER and GROUP, or stated differently, does the
pattern of differences between male and female participants significantly depending on the
GROUP, where they belong or vice versa?
Ho: The pattern of differences in the level of performance between male and female participants
are the same for all groups, and vice versa.
Ha: The pattern of differences in level of performance between male and female participants in one
group is different from the pattern of differences between male and female participants in
least one of the other groups, and vice versa.
III. RESEARCH DESIGN:
This study will employ comparative research design.
IV. INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT VARIABLES:
The dependent variable is the level of performance that will be measured using the
Kindergarten Numeracy Rapid Assessment. Participants will ask to answer the Numeracy
Assessment where 12 is the highest score. The average of total scores will be used as the index of
performance rating. The independent variables are gender and type of preschool setting which is a
categorical variable.
V. POPULATION and SAMPLE:
The target population of this study will consist of all incoming kindergarten pupils who
are currently enrolled for the academic year 2023-2024 at a public school in Quezon City. Sample
size of 252 was calculated based on 0.25 effect size (medium), .05 alpha error of probability, and
.95 power to answer research question one way ANOVA.
Participant will be selected using stratified random sampling with a lottery method; wherein
you choose the sample at random by “drawing from a hat” or by using a computer program that
will simulate the same action.
VI. STATISTICAL TEST FOR EACH RESEARCH QUESTION
The research question will be answered by one-way ANOVA.