Lesson 2
Astronomical Phenomena Before the
Advent of Telescopes
Activity No. 1 – ARRANGE ME
PLEASE!!
Arrange the following jumbled
letters, each letters are worth
1 point. The group that has
the most points wins the
activity.
1. OONM
2. PESLICE
3.ALROS
4.NURLA
5.
MYASNOROT
After going through this module, you are
ex pected to:
1. Enumerate the examples
of astronomical phenomena
2. Describe the phases of
3. Differentiate lunar and
before the advent of
the moon;
solar eclipses;
telescope;
4. Appreciate the
importance of astronomical
phenomena and how they
affect your life.
Even before the advent of the telescopes, ancient
astronomers were able to observe the following:
• 1. rising and setting of the Sun in the east and the west,
respectively,
• 2. phases of the moon,
• 3. lunar eclipse,
• 4. solar eclipse,
• 5. daily and annual motion of the stars, and
• 6. planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
Activity 2 – Unpack Me!
Each group will be given a certain
topics, read the assigned topics to
your group and answer the guide
questions that are provided. You will
be given 10 minutes to complete the
activity. After 10 mins leaders will
going to select the precentor of their
output.
Rising and setting of
the Sun in the east
and the west,
respectively
•
Babylonian and Egyptian
civilizations used a
primitive version of a
sundial, called gnomon, in
systematically observing
the motion of the sun. By
looking at the shadows that
the gnomon casts, they
were able to observe that
the sun rises in the eastern
part of the sky, reaches its
highest point in midday,
and sets in the western part
of the sky.
Rising and setting of the
Sun in the east and the
w e s t , r e s p e c t i v el y
• Also, they recorded that the
points where the sun rises and
sets on the horizon varies over a
year and these variations
happen periodically. They
observed that these variations
are related to weather and so
concluded that seasonal changes
in climate happen during a
course of one year.
Phases of the Moon
•
A moon, also called a satellite,
is a relatively small object that
is orbiting around a planet.
Earth’s moon is the fifth
biggest moon in the solar
system.
•
The gravity of the Earth pulls on
the moon such that one face of the
moon is always facing us, and we
can never see the other side. Just
like the Earth, half of the moon is
always lit by sunlight and the
other half is in shadow.
Phases of the Moon
•
As the moon orbits the Earth, we see
a different phase of the moon. It
takes 27 days, 7 hours, and 43
minutes for our Moon to complete
one full orbit around Earth. This is
called the sidereal month, and is
measured by our Moon's position
relative to distant “fixed” stars.
However, it takes our Moon about
29.5 days to complete one cycle of
phases (from full Moon to full Moon).
Phases of
the Moon
New moon
•
A new moon appears only
when the moon is on the
side of the earth most
directly in line with the
sun. There is no
illumination on the earth’s
side, so it is also sometimes
called the dark moon.
Phases of
the Moon
Waxing crescent
• During this phase, the lit-
up part of the Moon
increases from 0.1% to
49.9%. Waxing means
that
it
is
growing,
while crescent refers to
the curved sickle shape
Phases of
the Moon
First quarter
• The
1st Quarter Moon
is a primary Moon
phase when we can
see exactly half of the
Moon's surface lit up
Phases of
the Moon
Waxing gibbous
The
waxing
gibbous phase is
between a half
moon and full
moon.
Waxing
means
it
is
getting bigger.
Phases of
the Moon
Full moon
•
The whole side of the moon is
now illuminated to viewers
from the earth. The full moon
rises in the east as the sun
sets in the west. It stays up
all night long, reaching its
highest point about
midnight.
Phases of
the Moon
Waning gibbous
•
The Waning Gibbous phase is when
the lit-up part of the Moon shrinks
from 99.9% to 50.1%. It starts just
after Full Moon and lasts until the
Third Quarter Moon. Waning means
that it is shrinking and getting
smaller, while gibbous refers to the
oval-to-round shape.
Phases of
the Moon
Last quarter
•
A last quarter moon, also known
as a third quarter moon, rises
around
midnight
and
sets
around noon. The Moon is nearly
back to the point in its orbit
where its dayside directly faces
the Sun, and all that we see
from our perspective is a thin
curve.
Phases of
the Moon
Waning crescent
• The
Waning
Crescent
phase
occurs when the
illumination of the
Moon
decreases
from 49.9% to 0.1%.
Lunar Eclipse
•
A total lunar eclipse takes
place when the Earth
comes between the Sun
and the Moon and its
shadow covers the Moon.
Solar Eclipse
An eclipse of the Sun happens when the
New Moon moves between the Sun and
Earth, blocking out the Sun's rays and
casting a shadow on parts of Earth.