Standard lattice enthalpy : Cut is the enthalpy change when I made of an ENTROPY tells you ifthe disorder-measure ofthe ut 27 Ionic lattice is formed fromits gaseous ins under B number et ways ways that particles can be arranged conditions Standard energy can be shared cut that ↑ disorder Pcharge = ↑F released PELECTROUTiCENS = When a solid ioic lattice dissolves in water = ↑ = Physical state MORE NEGATIVE LE solid > Liquid KS 46 = CH-TXS T = To work out + q ↳H MILT = gaseous ions dissolve in water Xs1H8 Enthalpy change NoCL(s) 43 LE Enthalpy change hydration of of Wat(g) (L-(g) Ag + = -LE + AnyaH Section - a GREATER charge > ↑ Amate - Better at attracting water Molecules - - RDO - - - ↑ AnyaHE In (1) + > In * - (a) + Le : Musi(aa) > Mu - Mn84 (a) + 84 + =T Oc THEN HT (aq) I x1 - - * mnOn SH 5e-Mn (na) > Mu (ng) + 4 H20 (l) - + * Easily oridized > ↓ E (V) POA - positive exioising agent Econ 29sk/180kPa) Implam-s p : = Etire - Eive right lett standard conditions when Voltage measured under standard to a hydrogen decorde 2Ayt Re * more reactive metals - move un(s) - - - - * Maybe asked to Cells : : m T lagt IAy (3) : a) write out full equation EO + Ok - - - = . Laa) + = In Lua) + Lay (s) Generate electricity from ? The conditions are not wrong Standard . G. Pronc + 8 U4V . · . F +8 = LV . more efficientthan convention - al combustion 76U + Fe(OH)2 :less oxischemicals engines pollution or hydrogen Fuel cells , which need to be disposed only waste productis water + Why may predictions be * 1 = - LWiCOHz + Ee > Cell voltage +O 26 -(8 44) : ADVANTAGES + DRAWBACKS : voltage > FeCOH)2 + Let INIOLOt) +LH28 more positive electrode potential b) calculate cell Ni8(OH) +H28 +e-- NiLHl2 + * Move reacolle normetal In (aq) = - negative electrode potential E - > - FULL * 2n > - - adding electrons + NRA aW 4 ieDo e& W teami - Let c Balance charges by Fertiual > ESTae) + 2 Balance : negative reducing agent half cell is connected - Fe + 28H BALANCE PEXOTHERMIC enthalpy of hydration - - & I Storage B Fuel - + In <S) + 2Ay attracts water melemls better REDOX EXAMPLE 2 - [UCs) CANCEL smaller-P charge density Electrode potentious Standard electrode potentions the 3 InLt + - : V a Agent accepts elections and gets rede COMBINE ions - Linc metal displaces silverious from silver nitrate solution 2n(s) enthalpy it hydration Cr28" t14H + 32n > I cr+ TH2O 2n(aq) SIMOLTANEGOSLY - Happens 4 EXOTHERMIC > be OXDATION voltmeter 1Ag Lag) -LAgLD + Le - 3 In > 37n2 + high resistance A E released when bands are MADE * SMALLER (oxidising agent) > Di W iT 1- Energy to form Line nitrate Badeposit of silver metals -stronger electrostatic Forces : L - Reducing Agent dinates elections andgets exidised EXAMPLE - + Cr in redox - A satidge = : * Ions with cer Nat(ug) + CLlag) * - - c c ----- 5 : Water OXIDATION + 5 F23t - . Asolt is the enthalpy change when one more it solute dissolves in FULL Electrochemical Cens temperature at un) : 5FeT + 5 reduced from the to canbe NOW-POSITIVE which the reaction is feasible Enthalpy change of hydration Ansalt" is the enthalpy change when one unde of REDUCTION reaction is ONLY feasible it - EXOTHERMIE 4H20 + - Kecref , · - > > - Crit, + 14H + be > Ur + CH2O Sprances-Sreactants = Mr > 5 Fel : c solution &H+ be + - 1) Bands between gaseous ions B water an made o Muti : - > 16 iS Enthalpy mange asolution . - FULL Mn8i + &H+ + 5 Fe > Mu + 4 H20 gas > - entropy INCREASES ENDOTHERMIC : Kinon is uted as an oxidising agent Can be reduced from + torn?" in redox Equations : 1) Bonds between isns break > gaseous isns - (purple) Half entropy - V - - Reactions of kMn84 and KeCrete : . Changing equ HHLOLl) = . 2 . Nicel potential = . · reacting Fuel teases election loss · Unused fuel -And eBran I Rate A reaction may Cathode + Y282 + 2H Oxidants - + 22 > - H28 - . be slaw High activation energy - (02) : · flammable + highly reactive 1) Anode Pt Catalyst splits HL into protons B elections : Fuellite in Oxidant in I OUT 2) PEMMrFies The eEs travel around the circuit to reach the Cathod 3) Electric cement created to power something > H2O out (i) Cathode 82 + 2H : i + Lande from circuit) + Hey - only Waste produc -