Standard lattice enthalpy
:
Cut is the enthalpy change when I made of an
ENTROPY tells you ifthe disorder-measure ofthe ut 27
Ionic lattice is formed fromits gaseous ins under
B number et ways
ways that particles can be arranged
conditions
Standard
energy can be shared cut
that
↑ disorder
Pcharge
=
↑F released
PELECTROUTiCENS
=
When a solid ioic lattice dissolves in water
=
↑
=
Physical state
MORE NEGATIVE LE
solid >
Liquid
KS
46
=
CH-TXS
T
=
To work out
+
q
↳H
MILT
=
gaseous ions dissolve in water
Xs1H8
Enthalpy change
NoCL(s)
43
LE
Enthalpy change
hydration of
of
Wat(g) (L-(g)
Ag
+
=
-LE +
AnyaH
Section
-
a
GREATER charge > ↑ Amate
-
Better at attracting water Molecules
-
-
RDO
-
-
-
↑ AnyaHE
In (1) +
> In
*
-
(a)
+ Le
:
Musi(aa) > Mu
-
Mn84 (a)
+
84
+
=T
Oc
THEN HT
(aq) I
x1
-
-
*
mnOn SH 5e-Mn
(na) > Mu (ng) + 4 H20 (l)
-
+
*
Easily oridized > ↓ E (V)
POA
-
positive
exioising agent
Econ
29sk/180kPa) Implam-s
p
:
=
Etire
-
Eive
right lett
standard conditions when
Voltage measured under
standard
to a
hydrogen decorde
2Ayt
Re
* more reactive metals - move
un(s)
-
-
-
-
*
Maybe asked to
Cells :
:
m
T
lagt
IAy (3)
:
a) write out full equation
EO
+ Ok -
-
-
=
.
Laa)
+
=
In
Lua) + Lay (s)
Generate electricity from
? The conditions are not
wrong
Standard
.
G. Pronc
+
8 U4V
.
·
.
F
+8
=
LV
.
more efficientthan convention
-
al combustion
76U
+ Fe(OH)2
:less
oxischemicals
engines
pollution
or hydrogen Fuel cells ,
which need to be disposed
only waste productis water
+
Why may predictions be
*
1
=
-
LWiCOHz
+ Ee >
Cell voltage +O 26 -(8 44)
:
ADVANTAGES + DRAWBACKS :
voltage
> FeCOH)2 + Let
INIOLOt) +LH28
more positive
electrode potential
b) calculate cell
Ni8(OH) +H28 +e-- NiLHl2
+
* Move reacolle normetal
In (aq)
=
-
negative
electrode potential
E
-
>
-
FULL
*
2n
>
-
-
adding electrons
+
NRA
aW
4
ieDo e&
W
teami
-
Let
c
Balance charges by
Fertiual > ESTae) + 2 Balance
:
negative
reducing
agent
half cell is connected
-
Fe + 28H
BALANCE
PEXOTHERMIC enthalpy of hydration
-
-
&
I
Storage B Fuel
-
+
In <S) + 2Ay
attracts water melemls better
REDOX EXAMPLE 2
-
[UCs)
CANCEL
smaller-P charge density
Electrode potentious
Standard electrode potentions
the
3 InLt
+
-
:
V
a
Agent accepts elections and gets rede
COMBINE
ions
-
Linc metal displaces silverious from silver nitrate solution
2n(s)
enthalpy it hydration
Cr28" t14H + 32n > I cr+ TH2O
2n(aq)
SIMOLTANEGOSLY
- Happens
4 EXOTHERMIC
>
be OXDATION
voltmeter
1Ag Lag) -LAgLD + Le
-
3 In > 37n2 +
high resistance
A E released when bands are MADE
* SMALLER
(oxidising agent)
>
Di
W
iT
1- Energy
to form Line nitrate Badeposit of silver metals
-stronger electrostatic Forces
:
L
-
Reducing Agent dinates elections andgets exidised
EXAMPLE
-
+
Cr in redox
-
A satidge
=
:
* Ions with
cer
Nat(ug) + CLlag)
*
-
-
c
c
-----
5
:
Water
OXIDATION
+ 5 F23t
-
.
Asolt is the enthalpy change when one more it
solute dissolves in
FULL
Electrochemical Cens
temperature at
un)
:
5FeT + 5
reduced from the to
canbe
NOW-POSITIVE
which the reaction is feasible
Enthalpy change of hydration Ansalt" is the enthalpy change when one unde of
REDUCTION
reaction is ONLY feasible it
-
EXOTHERMIE
4H20
+
-
Kecref ,
·
-
>
>
-
Crit, + 14H + be > Ur + CH2O
Sprances-Sreactants
=
Mr
>
5 Fel
:
c
solution
&H+ be
+
-
1) Bands between gaseous ions B water an made
o
Muti
:
-
>
16
iS
Enthalpy mange asolution
.
-
FULL Mn8i + &H+ + 5 Fe > Mu + 4 H20
gas
>
-
entropy INCREASES
ENDOTHERMIC
:
Kinon is uted as an oxidising agent Can be reduced from + torn?" in redox
Equations
:
1) Bonds between isns break > gaseous isns
-
(purple)
Half
entropy
-
V
-
-
Reactions of kMn84 and KeCrete :
.
Changing equ
HHLOLl)
=
.
2
.
Nicel potential
=
.
·
reacting Fuel
teases election loss
· Unused fuel
-And
eBran
I
Rate A reaction may
Cathode
+
Y282 + 2H
Oxidants
-
+
22
>
-
H28
-
.
be slaw
High activation energy
-
(02)
:
·
flammable
+
highly reactive
1) Anode Pt Catalyst splits HL into protons B elections
:
Fuellite
in
Oxidant
in
I
OUT
2) PEMMrFies The eEs travel
around the circuit to reach the
Cathod
3) Electric cement created to power something
> H2O out
(i) Cathode 82 + 2H
:
i
+
Lande from circuit) + Hey
-
only
Waste
produc
-