Guide to ASTM Test Methods
for the Analysis of Petroleum
Products and Lubricants
2nd Edition
R. A. Kishore Nadkarni
ASTM Stock No. MNL44–2nd
ASTM International
100 Barr Harbor Drive
PO Box C700
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
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Printed in U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nadkarni, R. A.
Guide to ASTM test methods for the analysis of petroleum products and lubricants / R. A. Kishore Nadkarni–2nd ed.
p. cm. 共ASTM manual series; no. mnl44-2nd兲
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8031-4274-9
1. Petroleum products–Testing–Standards. 2. Lubrication and lubricants–Testing–Standards. I. Title.
TP691.N33 2007
665.5’380287-dc22
2007022845
Copyright © 2007 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced
or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media,
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Printed in City, State
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How To Use This Manual
Table I—lists the test methods with their equivalent IP, ISO, DIN, JIS, and AFNOR designations. The top of each page
listing the test summary also refers to these equivalent standards. If you are considering using any standard that has
equivalent standards you should refer to them to determine the full scope of each standard and any differences
between. Although these standards are listed as equivalent they will not be exactly the same in many cases.
Table II—lists the ASTM test methods alphanumerically by ASTM designation. If you know the ASTM designation, this is
the easiest way to find what you need. The top of each page listing the test summary also refers to these equivalent
standards.
Foreword
THE PUBLICATION, Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants: 2nd Edition, was
sponsored by ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and edited by R. A. Kishore Nadkarni,
Millennium Analytics, Inc., East Brunswick, NJ. This is Manual 44–2nd of ASTM’s manual series.
This manual originally published in 2000 has proved to be a useful reference book to technologists and others in the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants industry. This enlarged second edition is updated to include ASTM D02 Committee
test methods published through the end of 2006. The manual contains descriptions of a total of 585 test methods 共an
increase of 222 test methods from 363 methods in the first edition兲 describing a total of about 229 chemical and physical
tests used to analyze petroleum products and lubricants 共an increase of about 69 properties from about 160 properties
described in the first edition兲.
The author and the publisher hope that this second edition will prove as useful as the first one to the oil industry
researchers, analysts, and marketers.
vii
CONTENTS
Introduction
Explanation of Terms
Table I—Test Method Equivalence
Table II—Alphanumeric Index of Standards
Analysis
1
2
3
6
Reference ASTM
Standard
ACID NUMBER
by color indicator titration—see also Base number, p. 37
by potentiometric titration
by semi-micro color indicator titration
by semi-quantitative micro determination of acid number of lube oils during
oxidation testing
ACIDITY
in aviation turbine fuel
of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues
ACTIVE SULFUR
in cutting oils
in fuels and solvents 共doctor test兲
ADHESION OF SOLID FILM LUBRICANTS
AIR RELEASE PROPERTIES OF OILS
ALKYL NITRATE IN DIESEL FUELS
AMYL NITRATE IN DIESEL FUELS
ANALYSIS OF LPG AND PROPANE CONCENTRATES BY GC
ANILINE AND MIXED ANILINE POINT
APPARENT VISCOSITY – GENERAL
Borderline pumping temperature of engine oils—see p. 47
Apparent viscosity by capillary viscometer at high temperature high shear
HTHs by tapered bearing simulator
HTHs by tapered plug viscometer
using cold cranking simulator
at high temperature high shear by multicell capillary viscometer
of lubricating greases
yield stress and apparent viscosity at low temperature
APPLIED COATING WAX IN CORRUGATED BOARD FACING
AROMATICS
and polynuclear aromatics in diesel and aviation turbine fuels by SFC
in finished gasoline by gas chromatography
in finished gasoline by GC
in finished gasoline by GC-FTIR
in gasolines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 共GC-MS兲
in hydrocarbon oils by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance 共HR-NMR兲
ASH
in coal tar and pitch
in petroleum coke
from petroleum products
sulfated ash from lubricating oils and additives
ASPHALTENES 共HEPTANE INSOLUBLES兲 IN CRUDE PETROLEUM AND
PRODUCTS
BASE NUMBER
D 974
D 664
D 3339
D 5770
17
17
19
19
D 3242
D 1093
20
20
D 1662
D 4952
D 2510
D 3427
D 4046
D 1839
D 2163
D 611
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
25
D 3829
D 4624
D 4683
D 4741
D 5293
D 5481
D 1092
D 4684
D 3522
25
25
26
26
26
27
27
28
D 5186
D 4420
D 5580
D 5986
D 5769
D 5292
28
29
30
30
31
32
D 2415
D 4422
D 482
D 874
D 6560
32
33
33
34
34
D 974
37
viii Guide to ASTM Test Methods: 2nd Edition
in lubricants by color indicator titration
potentiometric perchloric acid titration
by potentiometric HCl titration
BENZENE/TOLUENE
in gasoline by gas chromatography
in gasoline by infrared 共IR兲 spectroscopy
in finished gasoline by GC—see p. 30
in finished gasolines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 共GC-MS兲
—see p. 31
in engine fuels using mid-IR spectroscopy
AEROBIC, AQUATIC BIODEGRADABILITY OF LUBRICANTS IN A
CLOSED RESPIROMETER
BLOCKING AND PICKING POINTS OF PETROLEUM WAX
BOILING RANGE DISTRIBUTION
of crude petroleum by gas chromatography
of gasoline by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography
by gas chromatography
of gasoline fractions by gas chromatography
of petroleum distillates by gas chromatography
of crude oils by high temperature gas chromatography
BORDERLINE PUMPING TEMPERATURE
of engine oils
BROMINE NUMBER
of distillates and aliphatic olefins
by electrometric titration
BURNING QUALITY OF KEROSENE
BUTYLENE ANALYSIS BY GC
CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND NITROGEN DETERMINATION—see p. 186
CARBON NUMBER DISTRIBUTION
CARBON RESIDUE
by micro method
CARBONIZABLE SUBSTANCES
in paraffin wax
in white mineral oil
CARBONYLS IN C4 HYDROCARBONS
CARBONYL SULFIDE IN PROPYLENE
by gas chromatography
CETANE NUMBER DERIVED, OF DIESEL FUEL OILS
CHLORINE
bomb method
field test kit method for chlorine in used petroleum products
organic chloride in crude oil
in lubricating oils and additives by wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence
共WD-XRF兲—see p. 176
CLOUD POINT
of petroleum products, manual
auto-optical detection stepped cooling method—see p. 55
auto-linear cooling rate method—see p. 55
auto-constant cooling rate method—see p. 55
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF LUBRICANTS
OF LUBRICATING GREASE
COEFFICIENT OF KINETIC FRICTION FOR WAX COATINGS
COKING VALUE OF TAR AND PITCH
D 5984
D 2896
D 4739
37
38
38
D 3606
D 4053
D 5580
D 5769
39
39
D 6277
D 6731
40
40
D 1465
41
D 5307
D 7096
D 7213
D 3710
D 6352
D 7169
41
42
43
44
45
46
D 3829
47
D 1159
D 2710
D 187
D 4424
D 5291
D 2887
48
48
48
49
D 4530
51
D 612
D 565
D 4423
51
51
52
D 5303
D 7170
52
53
D 808
D 5384
D 4929
D 6443
54
54
55
D 5771/D 5772/D 5773
D 2500
D 5771
D 5772
D 5773
D 5183
D 5707
D 2534
D 4715
55
56
49
56
57
57
58
ix
COLD CRANKING SIMULATOR
apparent viscosity using manual cold cranking simulator
using cold cranking simulator—see p. 26
COLD FILTER PLUGGING POINT 共CFPP兲
of diesel and heating fuels
COLOR
ASTM color
of dyed aviation gasoline
Gardner color
platinum-cobalt color
Saybolt color
by automatic Tristimulus method
CONE PENETRATION
of lubricating greases
of lubricating grease
of petrolatum
CONGEALING POINT
of petroleum waxes and petrolatum
CONRADSON CARBON RESIDUE
of petroleum products
of tar and pitch
COOLING CHARACTERISTICS OF QUENCH OILS BY COOLING CURVE
ANALYSIS
COPPER IN JET FUELS BY GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROMETRY
COPPER CORROSION
by copper strip tarnish
by liquefied petroleum gases
from lubricating grease
from petroleum products
of solid film lubricants
CORROSIVENESS OF DIESEL OILS AT 135°C
CORROSION PREVENTIVE PROPERTIES
corrosiveness and oxidation stability of oils
CORROSIVENESS OF LUBRICATING FLUID
of hydraulic oils
of lubricating greases
of lubricating greases
of lubricating greases 共EMCOR test兲
CRYSTALLINE SIZE OF CALCINED PETROLEUM COKE
by x-ray diffraction
DEMULSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LUBRICATING OILS
DENSITY, RELATIVE DENSITY, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY – GENERAL
real density of calcined petroleum coke
vibrated bulk density of calcined petroleum coke
real density of calcined petroleum coke
gravity, specific
by digital meters
of light hydrocarbons by pressure thermohydrometer
of liquids by Bingham pycnometer
gravity, specific
of solid pitch by pycnometer
of solid pitch by pycnometer
D 2602
D 5293
58
D 6371
59
D 1500
D 2392
D 1544
D 1209
D 156
D 6045
60
62
62
62
63
63
D 217
D 1403
D 937
64
64
65
D 938
65
D 189
D 2416
D 6200
66
68
69
D 6732
69
D 130
D 849
D 1838
D 4048
D 7095
D 2649
D 6594
70
70
71
71
71
72
72
D 4636
73
D 6547
D 1743
D 5969
D 6138
74
74
74
75
D 5187
D 2711
75
76
76
76
77
77
78
78
79
79
80
80
81
D 2638
D 4292
D 5004
D 5002
D 4052
D 1657
D 1217
D 1298
D 2320
D 4892
x Guide to ASTM Test Methods: 2nd Edition
of solid pitch and asphalt
by Stabinger viscometer
by thermohydrometer method
of viscous materials by Bingham pycnometer
of viscous materials by Lipkin pycnometer
DEPENTANIZATION
of gasoline and napthas
DIESEL FUEL DILUENT
in used diesel engine oils by gas chromatography
DISTILLATION – GENERAL
of crude petroleum
of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures
of petroleum products
at reduced pressure
of pitch
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE OF TAR AND PITCH
DOCTOR TEST—see p. 21
DROPPING POINT – GENERAL
of lubricating grease
of lubricating grease
DUST CONTROL MATERIAL
on calcined petroleum coke
ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY
of lubricating greases and fluids
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
of Aviation and Distillate fuels
of liquid hydrocarbons by precision meter
ENGINE OIL VOLATILITY
by capillary gas chromatography
by Noack evaporation—see p. 96
by TGA—see p. 97
ETHANOL CONTENT
in denatured fuel ethanol by GC
ETHYL MERCAPTAN IN LPG VAPOR
ETHYLENE GLYCOL IN USED ENGINE OIL
EVAPORATION LOSSES BY VOLATILITY – GENERAL
by GC
of lubricating greases
of lubricating greases and oils
Noack evaporation loss
by thermogravimetric analysis 共TGA兲 noack method
EXPLOSIVE REACTIVITY OF LUBRICANTS
EXTREME PRESSURE PROPERTIES
of fluid lubricants
of lubricating fluids
of lubricating fluids
of lubricating grease
of lubricating greases
of solid bonded films
EXTRACTABLES
solvent extractables in petroleum waxes
FILTER PLUGGING TENDENCY
of distillate fuel oils
D 71
D 7042
D 6822
D 1480
D 1481
81
81
82
83
83
D 2001
84
D 3524
84
84
85
85
86
87
88
89
D 2892
D 5236
D 86
D 1160
D 2569
D 2764
D 4952
D 566
D 2265
89
89
90
D 4930
90
D 4289
90
D 2624
D 4308
91
92
D 6417
D 5800
D 6375
93
D 5501
D 5305
D 4291
D 5480
D 2595
D 972
D 5800
D 6375
D 3115
94
94
95
95
95
96
96
96
97
98
D 3233
D 2782
D 2783
D 2596
D 5706
D 7217
98
99
99
100
100
101
D 3235
101
D 2068
102
xi
FILTERABILITY OF AVIATION TURBINE FUEL
FILTERABILITY OF DIESEL FUELS
FILTERABILITY OF DISTILLATE FUEL OILS
FILTERABILITY OF ENGINE OILS AFTER TREATMENT WITH WATER
FILTERABILITY OF ENGINE OILS AFTER TREATMENT WITH WATER
AND DRY ICE
DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN FLAMMABILITY RATINGS
FUEL INJECTOR SHEAR STABILITY TEST 共FISST兲
FLASH POINT – GENERAL
by continuously closed cup tester 共CCFP兲
by cleveland open cup 共COC兲
by MCCFP tester
by small scale closed cup tester 共ramp method兲
by Pensky-Martens closed tester 共PMCC兲
small scale closed tester
Tag closed tester
FLOCCULATION RATIO AND PEPTIZING POWER IN RESIDUAL AND
HEAVY FUEL OILS
FOAMING TENDENCY
in aqueous media
in aqueous media
of lubricating oils
high temperature foaming tendency
FREEZING POINT
of aviation fuels
of aviation fuels 共automatic fiber optical method兲
by automatic laser method
by automatic optical method
by automatic phase titration method
of high purity hydrocarbons
FRETTING WEAR PROTECTION
by lubricating greases
FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES
of extreme pressure lubricating oils
FUEL SYSTEM ICING INHIBITORS IN AVIATION FUELS
GAGE VAPOR PRESSURE OF LPG
GASOLINE DILUENT IN USED ENGINE OILS
distillation method
gas chromatography method
GLYCERIN IN BIODIESEL METHYL ESTERS BY GC
GLYCOL ANTIFREEZE IN USED LUBRICATING OILS
GRAIN STABILITY OF CALCINED PETROLEUM COKE
GRAVITY, API BY HYDROMETER METHOD
EXISTENT GUM IN FUELS BY JET EVAPORATION
HARDGROVE GRINDABILITY INDEX OF PETROLEUM COKE
HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
net heat of combustion of aviation fuels
of aviation fuels
of aviation fuels
of aviation fuels
net and gross heat of combustion of burner and diesel fuels
heating values of liquids and solids by differential mackey test
of liquid hydrocarbon fuels by bomb calorimeter
D 6824
D 4539
D 6426
D 6794
D 6795
102
103
103
104
104
D 6668
D 5275
D 6450
D 92
D 7094
D 7236
D 93
D 3828
D 56
D 7060
105
105
106
107
107
108
108
109
109
110
110
D 3519
D 3601
D 892
D 6082
111
111
112
113
D 2386
D 7154
D 7153
D 5901
D 5972
D 1015
113
114
114
115
115
116
D 4170
116
D 6425
D 5006
D 1267
116
117
117
D 322
D 3525
D 6584
D 2982
D 6791
D 287
D 381
D 5003
118
118
119
119
120
120
121
121
D 1405
D 3338
D 4529
D 6446
D 4868
D 3523
D 240
122
122
122
123
123
123
124
xii Guide to ASTM Test Methods: 2nd Edition
of liquid hydrocarbon fuels by bomb calorimeter
liquid heat capacity of petroleum distillate fuels
specific heat of aircraft turbine fuels by thermal analysis
SEPARABILITY NUMBER OF HEAVY FUEL OILS
by optical scanning device
HIGH TEMPERATURE DEPOSITS BY TEOST
HIGH TEMPERATURE STABILITY
of distillate fuels
HIGH TEMPERATURE UNIVERSAL OXIDATION TEST FOR TURBINE
OILS
HINDERED PHENOLIC AND AROMATIC AMINE ANTIOXIDANT
CONTENT IN NON-ZINC TURBINE OILS
by linear sweep voltammetry
HINDERED PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANT IN HL TURBINE OILS
by linear sweep voltammetry
HOMOGENITY AND MISCIBILITY
of engine oils
HYDROCARBON TYPES – GENERAL
characteristic groups in oils by clay-gel absorption chromatography
aromatics and nonaromatics fractions of high boiling oils by emulsion
chromatography
by fluorescent indicator adsorption
in gasoline by gas chromatography
in ethylene by gas chromatography
HYDROCARBON TYPES IN ENGINE FUELS
by gas chromatography
by mass spectrometry
aromatics types by mass spectrometry
aromatic hydrocarbon types in aviation fuels and petroleum distillates
AROMATIC HYDROCARBON TYPES IN MIDDLE DISTILLATES
by HPLC with RI detection
by mass spectrometry
in gasoline by mass spectrometry
by multidimensional GC
HYDROGEN CONTENT OF FUELS – GENERAL
of aviation fuels
of aviation turbine fuels by low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance 共NMR兲
of petroleum products by low resolution NMR
by NMR
of petroleum fractions
of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—see p. 186
HYDROLYTIC STABILITY
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
in liquefied petroleum gas 共LPG兲 by lead acetate method
in residual fuels
in residual fuel oils
HYDROPEROXIDE NUMBER
of aviation turbine fuels
HYDROXYL NUMBER
INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS IN ENGINE FUELS
by high resolution gas chromatography
by high resolution gas chromatography
by high resolution gas chromatography
D 4809
D 2890
D 4816
124
125
125
D 7061
D 6335
126
126
D 6468
D 6514
127
127
D 6971
128
D 6810
129
D 6922
D 2007
D 2549
129
130
130
131
D 1319
D 2427
D 2505
131
132
133
D 6839
D 2786
D 3239
D 6379
134
134
135
136
D 6591
D 2425
D 2789
D 5443
137
138
139
139
140
140
141
141
141
142
D 3343
D 3701
D 4808
D 7171
D 1018
D 5291
D 2619
142
D 2420
D 6021
D 5705
143
143
144
D 6447
D 1957
144
145
D 6729
D 6730
D 6733
145
146
148
xiii
INSOLUBLES IN HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
PENTANE INSOLUBLES
by membrane filtration
INSOLUBLES IN HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
in used lubricating oils
in used oils
IODINE NUMBER
IRON CHIP CORROSION
for water dilutable metal working fluids
LEAD DETERMINATION IN GASOLINE – GENERAL
by atomic absorption spectrometry 共AAS兲
in gasoline by iodine chloride 共ici兲 method
in gasoline by x-ray fluorescence 共XRS兲
for trace lead in gasoline
LEAKAGE TENDENCIES
of automotive greases
LEAKAGE TENDENCIES OF GREASES
LIFE PERFORMANCE OF GREASES
LINEAR FLAME PROPAGATION RATE
of lube oils and hydraulic fluids
LITHIUM AND SODIUM
in greases by flame photometer
LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY OF GREASES
LOW TEMPERATURE FLUIDITY AND APPEARANCE
of hydraulic fluids
LUBRICATING GREASES ANALYSIS
LUBRICITY OF AVIATION TURBINE FUELS
LUBRICITY OF DIESEL FUELS
by high-frequency reciprocating rig 共HFRR兲
LUMINOMETER NUMBERS
of aviation turbine fuels
MANGANESE IN GASOLINE BY AAS
MELTING POINT OF PETROLEUM WAX
DROP MELTING POINT OF PETROLEUM WAX
MERCAPTAN SULFUR
in petroleum products
MISTING PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING FLUIDS
METAL ANALYSIS BY SPECTROSCOPY – GENERAL
TRACE METALS IN GAS TURBINE FUELS BY AA/FES
in lubricating oils by AAS
aluminum and silicon in fuel oils by inductively coupled plasma 共ICPAES兲 and
AAS
TRACE ELEMENTS IN MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUELS
by ICP-AES
in oils and fuels by flame AAS
ICP-AES, standard practice for operation
CONTAMINANTS IN GAS TURBINE AND DIESEL ENGINE FUELS BY
ROTRODE
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
metals in grease
in crude oils and fuels by ICP-AES
D 4898
148
D 4055
149
D 893
D 7317
D 2078
149
150
150
D 4627
D 3237
D 3341
D 5059
D 3348
151
151
151
152
152
153
D 1263
D 4290
D 3527
153
153
154
D 5306
154
D 3340
D 2509
155
155
D 6351
D 128
D 5001
156
156
156
D 6079
157
D 1740
D 3831
D 87
D 127
157
158
158
159
D 3227
D 3705
D 3605
D 4628
D 5184
159
160
160
160
161
162
D 7111
D 5863
D 7260
D 6728
163
165
165
165
D 4951
D 5185
D 7303
D 5708
167
168
169
170
xiv Guide to ASTM Test Methods: 2nd Edition
PHOSPHORUS IN ILSAC GF4 ENGINE OILS
by ICP-AES
in petroleum coke by AAS
in petroleum coke by ICPAES
in petroleum coke by wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
WEAR METALS AND CONTAMINANTS
in used oils/hydraulic fluids using rotrode emission spectrometry
x-ray fluorescence spectrometry
in lubricating oils and additives by wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence
共WD-XRF兲
METALS IN LUBRICATING OILS
by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
METHANOL IN CRUDE OILS
by multi-dimensional gas chromatography
TRACE METHANOL IN PROPYLENE CONCENTRATES
by gas chromatography
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
of lubricating oils
of hydrocarbons
of petroleum oils
MOISTURE CORROSION RESISTANCE
of automotive gear lubricants
MOISTURE OF GREEN PETROLEUM COKE
METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER
by gas chromatography
in gasoline by GC
OXYGENATES
in gasoline by gas chromatography—see p. 198
in finished gasoline by GC-FTIR—see p. 30
in gasoline by infrared spectroscopy
NAPTHALENE HYDROCARBONS
in aviation turbine fuels by ultraviolet 共UV兲 spectrophotometry
NEEDLE PENETRATION OF PETROLEUM WAXES
trace nitrogen by oxidative combustion and chemiluminescence detection
by boat-inlet chemiluminescence
of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Kjeldahl method
ODOR OF PETROLEUM WAX
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL COMPATABILITY
with typical seal elastomers
OIL CONTENT OF PETROLEUM WAXES
OIL SEPARATION FROM GREASE
by centrifuging 共Koppers method兲
OIL SEPARATION FROM GREASE 共CONICAL SIEVE METHOD兲
o-PONA hydrocarbons in fuels by GC—see p. 199
OLEFINS IN ENGINE FUELS
by GC
OLEFINS IN GASOLINES
by supercritical fluid chromatography
by fluorescent indicator adsorption—see p. 131
OXIDATION INDUCTION TIME OF GREASES
OXIDATION INDUCTION TIME OF LUBE OILS
by pressure differential scanning calorimetry 共PDSC兲
D 7040
D 5056
D 5600
D 6376
171
172
173
173
D 6595
D 4927
D 6443
174
175
176
D 6481
177
D 7059
178
D 4864
178
D 2878
D 2503
D 2502
179
179
180
D 7038
D 4931
180
181
D 5441
D 4815
181
182
D 5599
D 5986
D 5845
183
D 1840
D 1321
D 4629
D 5762
D 5291
D 3228
D 1833
183
184
184
185
186
186
187
D 7216
D 721
187
188
D 4425
D 6184
D 6293
188
189
D 6296
189
D 6550
D 1319
D 5483
190
D 6186
191
191
xv
OXIDATION OF USED LUBRICANTS
by FT-IR using peak area increase calculation
OXIDATION STABILITY
of aviation fuels
of distillate fuels
of oils by thin film oxygen uptake 共TFOUT兲
of extreme pressure lubricating oils
of gasoline
of gear oils
of inhibited mineral oils
of lubricating greases
of oils by universal oxidation test
OXIDATION STABILITY OF STEAM TURBINE OILS
by rotating pressure vessel
OXYGEN IN GASOLINE AND FUELS
by reductive pyrolysis
in gasoline by GC—see p. 182
in gasoline by gas chromatography
in finished gasoline by GC-FTIR—see p. 30
o-PONA hydrocarbons in fuels by GC
PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION
in aviation fuels
in aviation fuel
in middle distillate fuels
PEROXIDES IN BUTADIENE
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 共PCBs兲 IN WASTES
by gas chromatography
PEROXIDE NUMBER
of aviation turbine fuels
of petroleum wax
PETROLEUM WAX ANALYSIS
by GC
PHOSPHORUS DETERMINATION IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PHOSPHORUS DETERMINATION
in gasoline
by ICP-AES in GF4 oils—see p. 171
in lubricating oils
in lubricating oils
PISTON DEPOSITS
by TEOST MHT
POUR POINT OF CRUIDE OILS
POUR POINT, MANUAL
POUR POINT
by using automatic air pressure method
auto pour point 共phase technology兲
auto pour point 共ISL兲
auto robotic tilt method
auto pour point 共Herzog兲
PRECIPITATION NUMBER OF LUBRICATING OILS
PUMPABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL FUEL OILS
QUENCHING TIME OF HEAT TREATING FLUIDS
QUINOLINE INSOLUBLE CONTENT
of tar and pitch
D 7214
192
D 873
D 2274
D 4742
D 2893
D 525
D 5763
D 943
D 942
D 5846
192
193
193
194
195
195
196
196
197
D 2272
197
D 5622
D 4815
D 5599
D 5986
D 6293
198
D 5452
D 2276
D 6217
D 5799
200
200
201
201
D 6160
202
D 3703
D 1832
202
203
D 5442
203
D 3231
D 7040
D 1091
D 4047
204
D 7097
D 5853
D 97
207
208
210
D 6749
D 5949
D 5950
D 6892
D 5985
D 91
D 3245
D 3520
210
211
211
212
212
213
213
213
D 2318
214
198
199
205
207
xvi Guide to ASTM Test Methods: 2nd Edition
QUINOLINE INSOLUBLE IN TAR AND PITCH
by pressure filtration
RAMSBOTTOM CARBON RESIDUE
RED DYE CONCENTRATION AND ESTIMATION OF ASTM COLOR
RED DYE CONCENTRATION AND ESTIMATION OF SAYBOLT COLOR
REFRACTIVE INDEX
of hydrocarbon liquids
of viscous materials
RESIDUES IN LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
ROLL STABILITY OF LUBRICATING GREASES
RUST PREVENTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
of engine oils
of mineral oils
of steam turbine oil
SALTS IN CRUDE OIL
SALT IN CRUDE OILS
SAPONIFICATION NUMBER
SEDIMENT TESTS
sediment in crude and fuel oils
in crude oil
in trace sediment in lubricating oils
in crude oil
water and sediment in crude oil
water and sediment in middle distillate fuels
LUBRICITY OF DIESEL FUELS BY SLBOCLE
SONIC SHEAR STABILITY
shear stability index
of polymer-containing fluids
of hydraulic fluid
of polymer-containing oils
SHEAR STABILITY OF POLYMER CONTAINING FLUIDS USING A
EUROPEAN DIESEL INJECTOR APPARATUS
SLUDGING AND CORROSION TENDENCIES
of inhibited mineral oils
SMOKE POINT
of kerosene and aviation turbine fuel
SOFTENING POINT OF ASPHALT AND PITCH – GENERAL
mettler cup-and-ball method
cube-in-water method
cube-in-air method
mettler softening point method
SOLIDIFICATION POINT OF PETROLEUM WAX
SOLVENT RED DYE 164 IN DIESEL FUELS
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF HEAVY FUEL OILS AND CRUDE
OILS BY OIL STABILITY ANALYZER 共OPTICAL DETECTION兲
STABILITY, STORAGE
distillate fuel storage stability at 43°c
distillate fuel storage stability
INTRINSIC STABILITY OF ASPHALTENE CONTAINING OILS
stability of residual fuels by spot test
storage stability of water-in-oil emulsions
stability of water-in-oil emulsions
sulfate, inorganic in ethanol by potentiometric titration
D 4746
D 524
D 6756
D 7058
214
215
216
216
D 1218
D 1747
D 2158
D 1831
217
218
218
219
D 6557
D 665
D 3603
D 3230
D 6470
D 94
219
220
220
221
221
222
D 473
D 4807
D 2273
D 4870
D 96
D 2709
D 6078
223
223
224
224
225
225
225
D 3945
D 6278
D 5621
D 2603
D 7109
226
227
227
228
228
D 4310
229
D 1322
D 3461
D 61
D 2319
D 3104
D 3944
D 6258
D 7112
229
230
230
230
231
231
231
232
232
D 4625
D 5304
D 7157
D 4740
D 3707
D 3709
D 7318
233
234
234
235
235
236
236
xvii
sulfate & chloride, inorganic in ethanol by DIIC
sulfate & chloride in ethanol by AIIC
SULFATED ASH FROM LUBRICATING OILS AND ADDITIVES—see p. 34
SULFONATES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
SULFUR DETERMINATION IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS – GENERAL
in cutting oils—see p. 21
in fuels and solvents 共Doctor test兲—see p. 21
sulfur determination by bomb method
by high temperature method
by hydrogenolysis and rateometric colorimetry
by lamp method
in liquid petroleum gases 共LPG兲
in petroleum products—see p. 159
by monochromatic WDXRF
by on-line GC with FPD
by oxidative combustion and electrochemical detection
by oxidative combustion with electrochemical detection
by EDXRF using a low background proportional counter
in fuels by polarization XRF
by oxidative microcoulometry
by oxidative microcoulometry
by GC-sulfur detector
by ultraviolet fluorescence method
TOTAL VOLATILE SULFUR
in gaseous hydrocarbons and LPG using combustion UV fluorescence
detection
sulfur by wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence 共WD-XRF兲
by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence 共ED-XRF兲
in gasoline by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry
in gasoline by WD-XRF
by TFOUT catalyst B
SURFACE WAX COATING ON CORRUGATED BOARD
SURFACE WAX ON WAXED PAPER OR PAPERBOARD
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUIDS
THERMAL STABILITY
of aviation turbine fuels by JFTOT procedure
of aviation turbine fuels by HIRETS method
THERMAL STABILITY
of organic heat transfer fluids
of hydraulic oils
INSTABILITY
of middle distillate fuels by portable spectrophotometer
of solid film lubricants
of way lubricants
TOLUENE INSOLUBLES IN TAR AND PITCH
TOLUENE INSOLUBLES IN TAR AND PITCH
TORQUE, LOW TEMPERATURE
of ball bearing grease
of grease lubricated wheel bearings
TOTAL INHIBITOR CONTENT
of light hydrocarbons
TRANSITION TEMPERATURES OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY DSC
ULTRAVIOLET 共UV兲 ABSORBANCE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
D 7319
D 7328
D 874
D 3712
D 1662
D 4952
D 129
D 1552
D 4045
D 1266
D 2784
D 3227
D 7039
D 7041
D 6428
D 6920
D 7212
D 7220
D 3120
D 3246
D 5623
D 5453
237
238
238
239
239
242
243
243
244
244
245
245
246
246
247
247
248
248
249
D 6667
250
D 2622
D 4294
D 6445
D 6334
D 7098
D 3521
D 2423
D 2717
250
251
252
252
253
253
254
254
D 3241
D 6811
255
255
D 6743
D 2070
256
257
D 6748
D 2511
D 6203
D 4072
D 4312
257
258
258
259
259
D 1478
D 4693
259
259
D 1157
D 4419
D 2008
260
260
261
xviii Guide to ASTM Test Methods: 2nd Edition
UNSULFONATED RESIDUE
of oils
VANADIUM IN HEAVY FUEL OIL
VAPOR LIQUID RATIO
of fuels
temperature of fuels
VAPOR PRESSURE
of crude oil
of gasoline and blends
of LPG 共expansion method兲
of lubricating oils—see p. 179
of petroleum products by automatic method
of petroleum products by mini-automatic method
of petroleum products by mini-atmospheric method
REID vapor pressure of petroleum products
of petroleum products by triple expansion method
VISCOSITY, APPARENT
apparent viscosity by capillary viscometer at high temperature high shear—see
p. 25
using cold cranking simulator—see p. 26
of hot melt adhesives
at high temperature high shear by multicell capillary viscometer—see p. 26
of lubricating greases—see p. 27
of petroleum waxes
YIELD STRESS AND APPARENT VISCOSITY
of used engine oils at low temperature
yield stress and apparent viscosity at low temperature—see p. 27
LOW TEMPERATURE VISCOSITY OF
drive line lubricants in a constant sheer stress viscometer—see p. 275
VISCOSITY
Brookfield viscosity
scanning Brookfield viscosity
Houillon
at high temperature high shear—see p. 25
at high shear rate by tapered bearing simulator viscometer at 100°c
at high shear rate by tapered plug-simulator—see p. 26
VISCOSITY INDEX, CALCULATIONS
VISCOSITY, KINEMATIC
of aircraft turbine lubricants
of transparent and opaque liquids
VISCOSITY, MINI-ROTARY
of volatile and reactive liquids
of engine oils—see p. 47
VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT
of drive line lubricants in a constant sheer stress viscometer
ROTATIONAL VISCOSITY OF HEAVY DUTY
diesel drain oils at 100°c
VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT
universal viscosity
VISCOSITY, SHEAR
of coal-tar and petroleum pitches
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY AND DENSITY BY STABINGER VISCOMETER
—see p. 81
D 483
D 1548
262
262
D 2533
D 5188
262
263
D 6377
D 4953
D 6897
D 2878
D 5190
D 5191
D 5482
D 323
D 6378
263
264
264
265
265
266
266
267
D 4624
D 5293
D 3236
D 5481
D 1092
D 2669
D 6896
D 4684
267
268
269
D 6821
D 2983
D 5133
D 7279
D 4683
D 6616
D 4741
D 2270
269
270
271
D 2532
D 445
273
273
D 4486
D 3829
D 88
D 6821
274
275
275
D 6895
276
D 2161
276
D 5018
D 7042
277
271
272
xix
VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF USED AND SOOT
CONTAINING ENGINE OILS
VOLATILES
contaminants in used engine oils
in gaseous hydrocarbons and lpg using combustion UV fluorescence
detection—see p. 250
matter in green petroleum coke
matter in petroleum coke
pitch volatility
VOLATILITY
of LPG
WATER – GENERAL
in crude oils by coulometric KF titration
in crude oil by distillation
in crude oils by potentiometric KF titration
FREE WATER, PARTICULATES, AND CONTAMINANTS
in aviation fuels
in distillate fuels
in mid-distillate fuels
in petroleum products and lubricants by coulometric Karl Fischer titration
in petroleum products by distillation method
by Karl Fischer reagent
reaction of aviation fuels
resistance of lubricating grease
and sediment in crude oil—see p. 225
and sediment in fuel oils
and sediment in crude oil
water separation of diesel fuels
and sediment in middle distillate fuels—see p. 225
separation characteristics of aviation turbine fuels
separability of petroleum oils
water spearation characteristics of kerosene-type
by portable separometer
solubility in hydrocarbons and aliphatic ester lubricants
in solvents by Karl Fischer titration
tolerance of gasoline-alcohol blends
undissolved in aviation turbine fuels
washout characteristics of lubricating greases
WAX APPEARANCE POINT
of distillate fuels
WAX APPLIED DURING
curtain coating operation
WAX CONTENT OF CORRUGATED PAPERBOARD
WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROLEUM
hydraulic fluids
WEAR CHARACTERISTICS
of non-petroleum and petroleum hydraulic fluids
of lubricating fluid 共four ball method兲
preventing properties of lubricating greases
of lubricating grease 共four ball method兲
of hydraulic fluids
WEAR LIFE
of solid film lubricants
of tractor hydraulic fluids
D 7110
277
D 3607
D 6667
278
D 6374
D 4421
D 4893
278
279
279
D 1837
279
280
282
282
283
D 4928
D 4006
D 4377
D 6986
D 4176
D 4860
D 6304
D 95
D 1744
D 1094
D 4049
D 96
D 1796
D 4007
D 7261
D 2709
D 3948
D 1401
283
284
285
285
286
286
286
287
D 7224
D 4056
D 1364
D 6422
D 3240
D 1264
291
292
292
293
293
294
D 3117
294
D 3708
D 3344
294
295
D 6973
295
D 7043
D 4172
D 3704
D 2266
D 2882
296
296
297
297
298
D 2981
D 4998
298
299
287
288
288
289
290