INDO-CARIBBEAN THOUGHT Jaden Small and Sydnie Lazarus Who is Samuel Selvon? Samuel Selvon (1923–1994) was a Trinidadian writer renowned for his contributions to Caribbean literature. After moving to Britain in 1950, Selvon became known for portraying Caribbean immigrant experiences in works like "The Lonely Londoners" (1956). His writing, often in Trinidadian dialect, vividly captures the struggles and aspirations of migrants facing racism and cultural displacement. Selvon's novels, including "Moses Ascending" and "A Brighter Sun," continue to be celebrated for their insight into migration, identity, and the human condition in the Caribbean and diaspora communities. Who Is Basdeo Panday? Basdeo Panday (1933-2024) is a Trinidadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001. He was the first Indo-Caribbean to hold the position of Prime Minister in Trinidad and Tobago. Panday was also the leader and co-founder of the United National Congress (UNC), a major political party in Trinidad and Tobago; United Labour Front (ULF) and the National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR). He played many roles in shaping Trinidad and Tobago’s politics through the representation of Indo-Caribbean and other minority cultures and the introduction of new economic and political policies. What is Indo-Caribbean Thought? Indo-Caribbean thought encompasses the intellectual and cultural expressions of people of Indian descent living in the Caribbean region and throughout the diaspora. These individuals are descendants of indentured labourers brought to the Caribbean by British colonial powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries. What Are the Objectives of Indo-Caribbean Thought? The main objectives of Indo-Caribbean thought, as reflected in the works of Selvon and Panday is to: 1) Heighten the representation and visibility of Indo-Caribbean people 2) Preserve India’s rich culture and acknowledge its hybridization with other cultures 3) Critique the lasting impacts of Colonialism and Postcolonial Realities 4) Highlight the Diasporic Experience of many Indo-Caribbean people The History of Indo-Caribbean Thought Indo-Caribbean thought traces its roots back to the arrival of indentured labourers from India to the Caribbean during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These labourers were brought to replace slave labour after the abolition of slavery in the British colonies. The indenture system, similar to slavery in many respects, subjected Indians to harsh conditions on sugar plantations in countries such as Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Jamaica, and Suriname. History Continued… In the early to mid-20th century, Indo-Caribbean intellectuals and activists such as Samuel Selvon and Basdeo Panday started to articulate the sociopolitical concerns of their community. They advocated for the rights of Indo-Caribbean people, including issues related to labour rights, education, and political representation. IndoCaribbean thought during this period often intersected with broader anticolonial and nationalist movements in the Caribbean, as well as with struggles for racial equality and social justice. History Continued Some More… Today, Indo-Caribbean thought encompasses a wide range of intellectual, cultural, and artistic expressions, reflecting the diverse experiences and perspectives of individuals of Indian descent in the Caribbean and diaspora communities worldwide. It remains an important aspect of Caribbean intellectual and cultural life, contributing to ongoing discussions about identity, heritage, and belonging in the region. Video on Indo-Caribbean Thought “You’re Never Caribbean or Indian Enough” In a 2019 BBC news article, Chandani Persaud – an Indo-Caribbean of Trinidad and Guyanese descent living in the UK – expressed that Indian influence in the West Indies is often overlooked. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-49166806 What Are the Impacts of Indo-Caribbean Thought? One of the main focuses of Indo-Caribbean thought was the retention of Indian identity and culture, which in turn sparked a variety of effects on Caribbean society. Firstly, Indo-Caribbean thought contributes to the diversification of Caribbean culture and the region as a whole through the introduction of Indian culture, beliefs, values and norms. Elements such as cuisine (jackfruit, mango, roti, curry, tamarind, etc), religion (Hinduism, Islam), music (chutney, Bollywood), and festivals (Diwali, Phagwa, Hosay) have all become integral parts of Caribbean society and influenced parts of our own culture. Fun fact: Indians were the first to introduce marijuana or ganja to Jamaica for medical and religious uses thereby influencing Rastafarianism. Also, some IndoCaribbean practices have evolved becoming native to the Caribbean due to creolisation (such as the annual Holi Phagwa). Impacts Continued… Indo-Caribbean thought also promoted social inclusion as with cultural diversity comes higher social cohesion and an increased tolerance for other's differences. Some studies have shown that people are happier in a diverse society as less discrimination is faced. Social support organisations dedicated to promoting Indo-Caribbean culture and combating prejudices have also been formed as a result. For example, the Caribbean Hindustani based in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname; the Indo-Caribbean Cultural Centre in Trinidad and Tobago. Happier people à Higher standard of living à People are more likely to be productive à Per capita/GDP/GNP are all likely to increase Impacts Continued More… Furthermore, the literary contributions of Indo-Caribbeans have undoubtedly aided in shaping Caribbean history. The works of Indo-Caribbean scholars and writers explore themes of identity, family traditions, migration, diaspora, cultural hybridity, and postcolonialism which help perpetuate Indian/Indo-Caribbean culture as they contain valuable history and experiences. Through these writings, Indo-Caribbeans can gain a deeper understanding of themselves and those who came before them, how past cultural events shaped the present, and overall the Indo-Caribbean identity. It's also beneficial for non Indo-Caribbeans as they too can build a deeper understanding of Indo-Caribbean culture and the Caribbean, thereby building awareness and empathy and supporting social inclusion. Additionally, politicians can use these texts to best build new policies to ensure history doesn't repeat itself. Overall, Indo-Caribbean literature contributes to human development as it promotes equity and empowerment. Economic opportunities are also present as writers can publish their works and sell novels, thereby contributing to the country's economy, increasing GDP, GNP and per capita. Authors can make a living for themselves and improve their standard and quality of life. Impacts Continued Some More… Indo-Caribbean's impact on the Caribbean's economy dates back to their arrival. After emancipation, the East Indian indentured labourers helped save the economy through agriculture and commerce. Although as a product of exploitation, they provided cheap labour, and introduced new crops and agricultural techniques thereby boosting agricultural output and contributing to exports. This not only increased the variety of food available in the Caribbean but also created new opportunities for trade with other countries. Following the abolishment of indentureship, many migrated back to India while others stayed in the Caribbean and opened businesses increasing commercial activity within the Caribbean. These businesses ranged from wholesales to jewellery to the food industry which in turn stimulated the economy by creating employment and boosting productivity, GDP, GNP, per capita, et cetera. With these funds, Indo-Caribbeans were able to invest in their education and well-being leading to the overall development of the Indo-Caribbean community. And A Bit More… Indo-Caribbean's impact on the Caribbean's economy dates back to their arrival. After emancipation, the East Indian indentured labourers helped save the economy through agriculture and commerce. Although as a product of exploitation, they provided cheap labour, and introduced new crops and agricultural techniques thereby boosting agricultural output and contributing to exports. This not only increased the variety of food available in the Caribbean but also created new opportunities for trade with other countries. Following the abolishment of indentureship, many migrated back to India while others stayed in the Caribbean and opened businesses increasing commercial activity within the Caribbean. These businesses ranged from wholesales to jewellery to the food industry which in turn stimulated the economy by creating employment and boosting productivity, GDP, GNP, per capita, et cetera. With these funds, Indo-Caribbeans were able to invest in their education and well-being leading to the overall development of the Indo-Caribbean community. THANK YOU!
