TSABONG UNIFIED
SECONDARY SCHOOL
AGRICULTURE REVISION
BOOKLET
Past exam papers 2002-2012
Keaobaka mabebe & BISA SEPHIRI
SECTION A QUESTIONS
1.
2.
(a)
Use the illustration below to answer the questions that follow.
What stage of agricultural development is shown in the illustration?
HUNTING AND GATHERING
….………………............................................................................................[1]
(b)
Give one reason for your answer to (a).
BECAUSE THERE IS USE OF BOWS AND ARROW TO KILL WILD ANIMALS AND
………………………............................................................................................
ALSO THERE IS COLLECTION OF WILD FRUITS
................……………………..........................................................................[1]
(c)
What impact might this stage of agricultural development have on the
Environment?
IT
LEADS TO EXTINCTION OF SOME PLANT ANDANIMAL SPECIES DUE TO
……...………………………….................................................................................
OVERHARVESTING AND EXCESSIVE KILLING
.....................…………………………....................................................................
LEADS
TO LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ECOSYSTEM
..................................…………………………...................................................[2]
2.
Describe how each of the following factors is likely to affect plant growth.
(a) Frost
IT
CAN BREAK DORMANCY IN SOME PLANTS THUS REDUCING PLANT GROWTH
…...…………………………...................................................................................................
FROST
REDUCES RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS EG REDUCED RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
...…………………………......................................................................................................
………………………….................................................................................................[2]
(b) Humidity
WHEN
HUMIDITY IS LOW THERE IS A HIGH RATE OF TRANSPIRATION LEADING TO REDUCED GROWTH
……...…………………………................................................................................................
......…………………………...................................................................................................
WHEN HUMIDITY IS HIGH THERE IS LOW EVAPORATION RATE LEADING TO INCREASED GROWTH
...………………………….................................................................................................[2]
(c) Photoperiodism
light
is needed for plant growth therefore because photoperiodism is the plants response in relation
……...…………………………................................................................................................
to light shoots are bound to grow towards light thus increasing growth
......…………………………...................................................................................................
...………………………….................................................................................................[2]
3.
The table below compares wind-pollinated flowers with insect-pollinated
glowers. Compare the table.
Description
Wind pollinated flowers
Example of plant
Maize
Insect pollinated flowers
BEAN
Nature of pollen grains
LIGHT AND SMOOTH
Heavy and sticky
Position of anthers
HANG LOOSELY OUTSIDE
THE FLOWER
Size of flowers
Small
LARGE
Presence of nectar
HAVE NO NECTAR
HAVE NECTAR
ENCLOSED FIRMLYINTO THE FLOWER
4 (a) i) Name one common weed found in Botswana.
DEVIL'S THORN
...…………………………......................................................................................
................…………………………............................................……………………...[1]
(ii) State three methods of cultural control which are used in
controlling the weed you have named in (a)(i).
1. MULCHING
…...…………………………..............................................................................
2..................................................................................................………………
CROP ROTATION
ESTABLISHMENT OF GOOD CROP COVER
3…………………………………………………………………….…….……...………………....
*3]
(b) Describe and explain one method of controlling weeds biologically.
USE OF PLANT CANOPY;THE CANOPY WILL SHADE THE WEEDS UNDERNEATH
……...………………………….................................................................................
AND REDUCE THEIR ABILITY TO PHOTOSYNTHESIZE CARBOHYDRATES AS A
.....................…………………………....................................................................
RESULT THEY LOSE THEIR COMPETITIVE ABILITY TO CROP PLANTS
..................................………………………….......................................................
................................................................................................................[2]
5 (a) (I) State one important difference between contact chemicals and
systemic chemicals used on farms.
CONTACT PESTICIDES ARE THOSE THAT WHEN APPLIED ARE ARBSOBED
……...…………………………......................................................................................
THROUGH THE SKIN OR CUTICLE OF THE SKIN WHILE SYSTEMIC ARE THOSE THAT
................…………………………..............................................................................
ARE ABSORBED INTO THE HOST PLANT AND MOVE THROUGHOUTTHE PLANT
TISSUE BY THE SAP
........................………………………….................................................................[2]
ii) What is the most important difference between herbicides which are
selective and those which are non-selective?
SELECTIVE PESTICIDES ARE USED TO CONTROL SPECIFIC/CERTAIN TYPE OF
……………………….................................................................................................
WEEDS WHILE NON-SELECTIVE PESTICIDES ARE USED TO CONTROL ALL WEEDS
.....………………………….........................................................................................
.........…...……………………………………………………………………………….....................*2
iii) State one difference between the use of farm chemicals in the form of
granules compared to those contained in aerosols.
CHEMICALS
IN FORM OF GRANULESCAN BE DIRECTLY APPLIED TO THE SOIL WHILE CHEMICAL
…...………………………….........................................................................................
IN AEROSOLS IS RELEASED IN THE FORM OF MIST INTO THE AIR OR ONTO THE CROP
.............………………………….................................................................................
.....................………………………….....................................................................[2]
(b) (I) Suggest one item of protective clothing, other than overall, gloves and
boots that should be worn when using fumigants and sprays.
FACE MASK
……...…………………………................................................................................................
......………………………….............................................…………………….……...……………....*1+
(ii) Give one reason for your answer to (b)(I).
IN
ORDER TO PTOTECT THE EYES from coming
……...…………………………................................................................................................
into contact with the with the chemicals
......…………………………..............................................................................................[1]
(c) Suggest two ways in which the pollution caused by the use of farm chemicals
may be reduced.
1……...…………………………..............................................................................................
BY AVOIDING SPRAYING NEAR WATER RESOURCES
........……………………..................................................................................................[1]
BY SPRAYING ON A CALM DAY
2.....................................................................................…………………….……...……………
……………..................................................................................................................[1]
6.
Define each of the following terms.
(a) Land tenure
IT IS THE WAY THE LAND IS HELD/OWNED AND THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH THAT
………………………......................................................................................................……
OWNERSHIP
……………………..............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................[2]
(b)
Tropism
IT
IS THE GROWTH MOVEMENT OF A PLANT PART IN RESPONSE TO A DIRECTIONAL
…...…………………………...................................................................................................
STIMULI
...…………………………......................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................…....*2+
(c)
Landscaping
IT IS THE IMPROVEMENT OF NATURAL OUTDOOR LIVING ENVIRONMENT BY ALTERING
…...…………………………...................................................................................................
ITS SHAPE AND DECORATIVE PLANTING
...…………………………......................................................................................................
…………………………....................................................................................................[2]
(d) Game farming
KEEPING WILD ANIMALS IN SMALL ENCLOSURES UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT
…...…………………………...................................................................................................
...…………………………......................................................................................................
…………………………...................................................................................................[2]
(e)
Genetics
Is the study of how characteristics of the parents are passed onto their offspring
…...…………………………...................................................................................................
...…………………………......................................................................................................
…………………………....................................................................................................[2]
7.
State three reasons why game farming is important in Botswana.
it is a source of food
1…...………………………….................................................................................................
.......………………………….............................................................................................[1]
it is a source of foreign exchange if sold to other countries
2……..…………………..................................................................................................……
…………………....…...………………………….......................................................................[1]
it is a source of raw materials as ostrich feathers are used to make feather dusts
3....................…….…………………….........................................................................………
…................................................................................................………………………....[1]
8.
Describe three factors that influence the likehood that ostrich eggs will
hatch.
1…...………………………….................................................................................................
.......………………………….............................................................................................[2]
2……..…………………..................................................................................................……
…………………....…...………………………….......................................................................[2]
3....................…….…………………….........................................................................………
…................................................................................................………………………….[2]
9.
The table shows some data referring to the demand for spinach and the
amount of spinach supplied, as the price changes.
Price (P)
Quantity demanded (kg)
Quantity
Supplied (kg)
2
4
6
8
10
47
40
30
20
14
4
10
26
41
49
(a) Use the data in the table to sketch graphs on the same axes to show how
the quality demanded and the quantity supplied change as the price changes.
(b) (i) State the condition which applies at the point where the two graphs
meet?
...………………………….................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Explain the significance of this point.
...…………………………......................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
10.
Figure below shows the water cycle.
Name the processes occurring at A, B, C and D
EVAPORATION
A...………………………….......................................
[1]
CONDENSATION
B...…………………………........……………..................
[1]
PRECIPITATION
C...………………………….......……………................... [1]
RUN-OFF
D...…………………………........…………….................. [1]
(11) (a) For either bacterial bright of cowpeas, black rot of cabbage or bacterial
wilt of tomatoes, state
(I) The mode if infection,
………...................……………...................……………...................……………...................……
……….......................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Two harmful effects,
……………...................………...................……………...................……………...................……
………...................…………….....................………....................…………...……...................…
…………...................……………...................……..……………...……...................………………*2+
(iii) Prevention and control
……………...................………...................……………...................……………...................……
………...................…….……….....................………....................…………...……...................…
…………...................……………...................…….……….....................……….........................
...........................………….............………...................……………...……......................……*2+
(b)
(i) Draw and label the life cycle of a named boring pest.
Name of pest ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..[1]
Life cycle
(ii) Name one appropriate pesticide used for controlling the named boring pest in
(b)(i)
…………...................………...................……………...................……………...................………
……...................…………….....................………....................…………...……...............……*1+
(12)
(a) List three reasons why lawns are important.
TO BEAUTIFY THE AREA
1……………...................………...................……………...................……………...................…
IT ADDS VALUE TO A HOME
2…………...................…………….....................………....................…………...……..................
IT PROVIDES AN AREA FOR PICNICS AND AMES
3……………...................……………...................…………….....................………............……*3]
(c)
Describe two types of landscape designs.
1.
Type…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PARK
IT IS NORMALLY FENCED TO CONMTROL ANIMAL AND HUMAN MOVEMENT
Description…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….*2+
2.
ROCKERY
Type……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
IT INVOLVES THE USE OF STONES AND ROCKS IN THE DESIGN OF A
Description……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………
LANDSCAPE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….*2+
(13)
(a)
Figure below shows the digestive system of a ruminant.
(i) Name part
N............................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the function of M.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………*2+
(b)A farm of 88 hectares has 4 mature bulls, 8 mature cows, 60 goats, 72
sheep, 20 young cows of 16 months old and suckling calves.
Use the information in the table below to answer the following questions.
Livestock
Goats/sheep
Suckling calf
Cattle 12-24 months old
Mature cow/bull
Number of animals
equivalent
to one livestock unit
6
0
2
1
(i)
Determine the total number of livestock units in the farm.
……………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………....
.........………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...........
........……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...……..…*3+
(ii) Calculate the stocking rate in livestock units (LSU) per hectare.
.............……………...…...................……………...................……………...................…………….
.....……................…………….....................………....................………….............………..........
.........……………...……..............................................................................................…*2+
(iii) If the carrying capacity of the farm is 0.25 LSU/ha, explain what conclusion
can be made about the stocking rate of this farm?
……………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………....
.........………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...........
........……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...…….........
..........……………...................……………...................…………….....................…….…......…*2+
14. Explain the difference between the following.
(a) Cross breeding and inbreeding
……………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………....
.........………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...........
........……………...................…………….....................………....................……...……......…*2+
(b)
Selection and upgrading
……………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………....
.........………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...........
........……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...……..…*2+
(c)
Recessive genes and dominant genes
…………...................……….............…………….....................………....................………….......
......………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………..............
.....……………...................…………….....................………................……………...……......…*2+
(d)
Homozygous and heterozygous
……………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………....
.........………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...........
........……………...................…………….....................……….............……………...……......…*2+
15. (a) Explain, with examples, the difference between supplementary and
complementary products.
…………...................……….............…………….....................………....................………….......
......………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………..............
.....……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...……............
.......……………...................…………...………...................……………...……......………………*4+
(c)
Figure below shows the relationship between price a d quantity of a
product.
State what A, B and C represent.
A……………………………………………………………………………………..
B……………………………………………………………………………………..
C………………………………………………………………………………………*3+
16. (a) State three effects of water logging on crops.
1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..*3+
(b) Describe one method used to drain the soil
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….*2+
17. Look at the diagrams of the four stroke petrol engine cycle.
Complete the table by naming and describing each stroke.
STROKE
NAME OF STROKE
DESCRIPTION
18. Figure below shows the water cycle. Use it to answer questions (a) and (b)
(a)
State two environmental factors which encourage the process at Z.
TEMPERATURE
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
HUMIDITY
2……………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………….*2+
(b)
Explain how farmers can reduce the rate of Y in crops.
USE OF GREEN HOUSES;GREEN HOUSES HAS CPNTROLLED STEMPERATURES WHICH CAN REDUCE
……………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………....
THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION
.........………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...........
........……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...…….….*2+
19. (a) Describe how plants manufacture their own food.
…...................……….............…………….....................………....................………….............
………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………...................
……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...…….................
..……………...................……………...................…………….....................………......................
.....……….............…………….....................………....................………….............….….....…*5+
(b)
Describe how carbohydrates are used by plants.
…...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………..........
...………...................……………...…...................……………...................……………............
.......……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...…….....
..............……………...................……………...................…………….....................……….....
...............………….............………...................……………...……………...................………...
..........……………....................................................................................………....…*3+
20. (a,) State three reasons for growing a lawn.
IT BEAUTIFIES THE AREA
(1)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
IT ADDS VALUE TO A HOME
2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
IT PROVIDES AN AREA FOR PICNICS AND GAMES
3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(b) Explain how land is prepared for planting a lawn.
THE LAND IS CLEARED OF WEEDS AND STUMPS ARE DUG OUT THEN LAND IS GRADED
………...................……….............…………….....................………....................…………..........
THE SITE IS CULTIVATED THEN CLOTS ARE BROKEN DOWN
...………...................……………...…...................……………...................…………….................
SITE IS FIRMED TO REMOVE AIR AIR POCKETS AND IS ALLOWED TO REMAIN FALLOW TO INDUCE
..……………...................…………….....................………....................…………...……...............
WEED GROWTH
....……………...................……………...................…………….....................………....................
LAND IS CULTIVATED AGAIN TO REMOVE WEEDS AND IS THEN LEVELLED TO OBTAIN A FINE
………….............………...................………………………...................……….............……………..
TILTH
WELL ROTTEN ORGANIC MANURE IS THEN ADDED SO IT CAN BE UTILIZED BY THE SOIL BEFORE
...................………....................………….............………...................……………...…..............
PLANTING
.....……………...................……………...................……………...................……………...............
......………....................…………...……...................……………..........................……….......*5+
21. (a) Complete the table to show enzymes and the products of the digestion in a
ruminant animal.
Part of digestive system
Enzyme
Product
Abomasum
………......
Peptides
Duodenum
………………………………….
Maltose
Lipase
…………………………………………
……………………………………
Peptides
…………………………………
Simple sugars
Peptidase
………………………………..
Ileum
(b) Which animal species prefer the following areas?
(i) Chobe ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Tuli block…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
(iii) Kalahari……………………………………………………………………………………………….……..*3+
22. Figure below is a map showing the natural vegetation found in Botswana.
Describe the type of natural vegetation found at A and B.
A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….[1]
B………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
22. Figure below shows a pair of chromosomes with the position of corresponding
genes on each. Use it to answer questions (a)(I) to (iii).
(a) (i) Label any part of alleles on the diagram. [1]
1
(ii) State if pairs of alleles labeled in (I) above are homozygous or
heterozygous.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………*1]
(iii) State if alleles shown in the chromosome W above are dominant or
recessive.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………*1+
(b) Complete the table to show two differences between meiosis and mitosis.
Meiosis
Mitosis
1...........………………………………................ 1.……………………………………………………………
.............................................................. ……………………………………………………………..
2………………………………………………………… 2………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………….......
………………………………………………………………
(c) Explain how the following cause variation in organisms.
(i)
Genetic factors
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……[2]
(ii)
Environmental factors
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………*2+
23. (a) Figure below shows the supply and demand curves. Use it to answer (I) and
(ii).
Indicate equilibrium price by using the letter X on the diagram [1]
Explain how equilibrium price is determined.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..………..………..……………………………
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………….…*3+
(b) State three reasons for carrying out the following:
Market Research,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….*3+
Advertising.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….………….*3+
24. (a) State three ways in which agricultural engineering is important in crop
production
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………….………….*3+
(b) State three ways of maintaining farm roads.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….*3+
25. Figure below shows a cross section of a small, earth dam. Use it to answer
parts (a) and (b).
Complete the structure by adding and labeling any two missing features. [4]
What is the small earth dam used for?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………..*1+
Describe the following processes in the water cycle.
Condensation
THIS IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH WHEREBY WATER VAPOUR COOLS AND CHANGES
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
BACK TO A LIQUID STATE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….……….*2]
Precipitation
THIS IS THE PROCESS WHEREBY WATER RETURNS TO THE GROUND IN A SOLID FORM EG HAIL
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
STONES,OR IN A LIQUID FORM EG RAIN DROPS
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….……….*2+
What is the role of the Sun in the water cycle?
IT IS TO HEAT THE WATER IN THE OCEANS THUS RESULTING IN EVAPORATION AND
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EVAPORATION
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….*2+
26. Figure below shows a cross section through a monocotyledonous stem. Use it
to answer parts (I) to (iii)
Name and state the function of the part labelled W, X and Y.
XYLEM
Name W …………………………………………………………………………………………
Function
TRANSPORTS WATER AND MINERAL SALTS UP THE PLANT
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(i)
PHLOEM
Name X………………………………………………………………………..
(ii)
Function
TRANSPORTS FOOD AROUND THE PLANT
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
CORTEX
Name Y …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Function
IT STORES FOOD IN SOME PLANTS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Figure below shows a seedling placed in a well lit house and adequately
supplied with moisture through a wet board. A shows the seedling grown in a
vertical position. B is the same seedling placed in a horizontal position, and C
shows the response of seedling B a few days later. Use the figure to answer parts
(a) and (b) below.
What tropic response is shown by the plant in illustration C?
GEOTROPISM
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
What is the significance of the tropic response in (a) to the growth of a plant?
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPISM HELPS A SHOOT TO BRING ITS LEAVES INTOTHE BEST POSITION TO
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ABSORB LIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM ENABLES THE ROOTS TO
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PENETRATE INTO THE SOIL TO GAIN SUPPORT AND ABSORB NUTRIENTS
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
Name the tropic response which results in plants coiling around stakes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
HAPTOTROPISM
27. (a) Name two pre-planting operations carried out to remove any surface
obstructions from the land.
CLEARING
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
STUMPING
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….……….*2+
(b) State three reasons why it is important to prepare the soil before planting
TO LOOSEN UP SOIL THUS IMPROVING AERATION AND WATER PERCOLATION
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TO CONTROL WEEDS
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TO INCORPOTATE ORGANIC MANRE INTO THE SOIL
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….……….
28. (a) Complete the table below on crop pest by giving an example of the pest
and an appropriate class of pesticide
Type of pest
Example
Appropriate class
of pesticide
Biting and sucking
GRASSHOPPER
Piercing and sucking
STOMACH
APHIDS
Systemic
Boring
WEEVILS
SYSTEMIC
(b) Define inert material as used in farm chemicals
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. Figure below shows the reproductive system of a cow. Use it to answer part
(a) below.
Name part W.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name one hormone produced in Y.
oestrogen
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
What is the function of part X?
site for implantation of the embryo
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(a) State three signs of a heat in a cow.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..…….…………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Why is it important to detect the signs of heat in a cow?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..…….……………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) State the hormone that sustains pregnancy in a cow.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
30. (a) Describe two methods of preserving fodder.
…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) (i) What is creep feeding?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii)
State three advantages of creep feeding
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) Explain two factors that will lead to pasture deterioration.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
31. Describe the following processes as they apply to the movement if water and
dissolved substances into the plant.
Osmosis
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Active transport
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
31. (a) (i) State two effects of high temperature has on animal growth.
HEAT STRESS IN SHEEP REDUCES LAMBINGPERCENTAGE,TWINNING AND BIRTH WEIGHT
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
HIGHER TEMPERATURES REDUCES EGG PRODUCTION IN POULTRY
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….……..
(ii) State two indirect effects rainfall has on animal growth.
RAINWATER CAN SPREAD LIVESTOCK PARASITES AND DISEASES LEADIN G TO REDUCED
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
GROWTH
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IT
DETERMINES THE AVAILABILITY OF FODDER FOR LIVESTOCK LEADING TO IMPROVED
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
GROWTH
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(b)Describe ways of growing crops that help in modifying the effects of humidity.
PRACTICING CORRECT PRUNING OF PLANTS TO REDUCE HIGH HUMIDITY
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PRACTICING CORRECT SPACING OF PLANTS TO REDUCE HIGH HUMIDITY
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. Figure below shows a bean flower.
Name parts labeled A, B, C and D.
PETAL
A…………………………………………………
OVULE
B…………………………………………………
OVARY
C…………………………………………………
STYLE
D………………………………………………..
State the function of parts labelled X and Y.
PRODUCES POLLEN GRAINS CONTAINING MALE GAMETES
X…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
RECIEVES POLLEN DURING POLLINATION
Y…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
State two features that indicate that the flower above is insect pollinated.
THE FLOWER IS LARGE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ANTHERS AND STIGMAS ARE ENCLOSED FIRMLY INTO THE FLOWER
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
33. The following are methods of plant propagation:
Grafting, cutting, budding, layering.
Name of method………………………………………………
Description
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Name of method…………………………………………….
Description
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
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34. For either maize or sorghum or millet, state the following:
Name of crop…………………………………………
Three signs of maturity
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Two methods of storage,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Three uses of the crop.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
35. (a) Explain the difference between the following:
Plotting plants and bedding plants,
POTTING ARE THOSE THAT ARE GROWN IN CONTAINERS WHILE BEDDING PLANTS ARE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
THOSE
THAT ARE DIRECTLY ON THE GROUND
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Scarification and spiking,
SCARIFICATION INVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF DEAD LEAF BLADES FROM A LAWN WHEREAS SPIKING
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IS MAKING OF HOLES 15 CM APART IN THE SOIL
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(i) State two features of pots that need to be considered when planting
ornamental plants.
MATERIAL FROM WHICH THE POT IS MADE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SIZE OF THE POT
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
State two ways in which pots should be made ready for planting ornamental
plants.
CLEAN
AND SOAK THE POTS
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
DISINFECTING
THE POT TO KILL ANY PATHOGENS
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
The diagram shows an ornamental shrub before and after a management practice
has been carried out
(i)
Name the management practice that has been carried out.
PRUNING
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(ii)
Which tool can be used to carry out this practice.
SECATEURS
.................................................................................................................
(iii)
State four reasons for carrying out this practice.
TO CONTROL PLANT SIZER
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TO IMPROVE LIGHT PENETRATION
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TO
STIMULATE PLANT GROWTH
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TO IMPROVE AIR CIRCULATION
………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….
36. (a) Complete the table to show the causal agent and a host animal for the
following diseases.
Diseases
Causal agent
Host animal
Coccidiosis
Protozoa
………………………………………
Trypanosomiasis
………………………………….
………………………………………..
Botulism
…………………………………
Cattle
Heart waterr
………………………………….
………………………………………….
37. Explain how the following might affect the management of a game farm:
(i) size of area
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Flow of energy
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Carrying capacity
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
38. Figure below shows water cooling system of an engine. Use it to answer
question 8(a).
(i) Name the parts labelled A, B and C.
A…………………………………………………………………………
B…………………………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………….
(ii) What is the function of X and Y?
X…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Y…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
State two reasons why the lubrication system in an engine is important
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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39. (a) State how frost affects plant growth
IT BREAKS SEED DORMANCY
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IT CAN INDUCE DORMANCY IN SOME PLANTS THUS IMPROVING GROWTH
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Complete the table by writing the characteristics and/or use of the USDA land
classes listed
USDA
LAND
CLASS
I
II
CHARACTERISTICS
USE
GOOD DRAINAGE,FERTILE
SOILS,GOOD TEXTURE
CROP PRODUCTION FOR
EVERY YEAR
GENTLE SLOPES OF 2-5%
CROP PRODUCTION(BUT
NOT QUIET SO WELL
POSSIBLE DANGER OF SOIL
EROSION
II
III
SLOPES OF 5-8%
DANGER OF SOIL EROSION
IV
SLOPES OF 8-12%
CROP PRODUCTION WITH
CONSERVATIVE MEASURES
WILDLIFE PASTURE
POOREST ARABLE LAND
V
SWAMPS
ROCKINESS
LITTLE EROSION
VI
VII
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
ON RAISED BEDS
SHALLOW SOILS
WILDLIFE
VERY STEEP SLOPES OF
12-20%
GRAZING
VERY SHALLOW SOILS
STEEP SLOPES OF MORE
THAN 20%
VIII
RICE CULTIVATION
VERY STEEP SLOPES OF
MORE THAN 30%
INFERTILE SOILS
TREE PLANTING
GRAZING
RECREATION
WILDLIFE
40. Figure below is a cross section of a dicotyledonous root. Use it to answer
question (a)
(a) Outline the functions of the parts labelled W, X and Y.
STORES FOOD IN SOME PLANTS
W…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TRANSPORTS FOOD AROUND THE PLANT
X…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
TRANSPORTS WATER AND MINERAL SALTS AROUND THE PLANT
Y…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State two factors necessary for plant growth.
SUNLIGHT
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SUITABLE TEMPERATURE
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………
41. Figure below shows a maize plant.
FILAMENT
ANTHER
STYLE
OVARY
(i)
Label, on figure above the following parts on the diagram:
Anther, ovary, style, filament. [4]
(c) Given that the seed rate for maize is 25 kg/ha. Determine the amount of
seeds required for a plot of 4 m by 1 m. Show all workings.
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(d) A 20-hectare farm has 400 livestock units.
Determine the stocking rate of the farm in LSU/ha.
..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
If the carrying capacity if the farm is 18 LSU/ha, what conclusion can be made
about the farm's stocking rate? Give a reason for your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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32. (a) What type of damage is caused by rate of crops.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State two ways that can be used to control rats.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Which type of ornamental plants are permanently grown as shown in the figure
below.
POTTING PLANTS
Name three materials that can be used to
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Prepare a medium (soil mix) in which to grow ornamental plants.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
33. (a) Give two examples of good stockman ship when handling one of the
following livestock.
Broiler, layer, pig, dairy cattle, rabbit
Name of livestock ………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(b) Complete the table by writing a hormone and/or function in the reproductive
system of a ruminant animal.
SITE OF
PRODUCTION
HORMONE
FUNCTION
controls oestrus cycle
Ovary
Oestrogen
Ovary
oestrogen
……
Prepares
lining/endometrium of
uterus for
pregnancy/sustains
pregnancy
Pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating
hormone
stimulate the development of graffian
…….
follicles
..
Testes
testestrone
………
Develops male
secondary sex
characteristics
34. (a) what is meant by genetic engineering?
……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Give one example of biotechnology used in animal production.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii)
Describe how you have named in (b)(I) can be applied in animal
production.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………...……
In cattle the allele for palledness (H) is dominant to the allele for horned (h).
What will be the offspring’s phenotypic ratio when mating two heterozygous
polled cattle.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
35. In a 4 hectare vegetable farm, the total revenue is P14 000; the total fixed
costs are P7 000; the total variable costs are P6 000.
(a) Calculate the gross margin for the farm. Show your working.
……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………….……………………………………………...……………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) For each of the following diseases, complete the table by stating the causative
agent and the animal affected.
DISEASE
CAUSATIVE AGENT
ANIMAL AFFECTED
Contagious bovine
Pleuro pneumonia
(CBPP)
Swine fever
Aphosphorosis
36. (a) Give two reasons for fencing a livestock farm.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(b) (i) List two materials that are used in the construction of a wooden fence.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(iii)
Give one disadvantage of living fences.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
Make a diagram of a section of a standard cattle wire fence showing all important
features.
What is the recommended depth of a corner post hole?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(e) State two factors to be considered when siting a farm road.
(f) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
37. (a) (i) What are day-neutral plants?
HERE FLOWERING IS NOT CONTROLLED BY IN DAY LENGTH
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State two effects of photoperiodism in plants
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(b) (i) Explain the difference between a communal lease and a freehold lease as
used in land tenure.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(ii) State two advantages of freehold land.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(iv)
State two disadvantages of state land.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
38 (a) (i) State one difference between sexual and asexual propagation in plants.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State two parts of the plant used for asexual propagation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(iii) Name two plant species that can be used for lawn propagation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The diagram below shows the longitudinal section of a root.
(i)
Name region Z……………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii)
State two ways in which parts X and Y differ.
Part X
Part Y
39. (a) A knapsack sprayer was filled with 250 liters of water and used to spray a
200 m² area. After spraying, 150 liters of water remained in the sprayer.
Calculate the spray rate. Show all working.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Use the information below to answer the question below.
A 565 hectare farm has 3 bulls, 80 cows, 60 suckling calves, 36 heifer between 12
to 24 months, and 72 sheep.
LIVESTOCK
Sheep
Suckling calf
Heifer 12-24 months
Mature cow/bull
NUMBER OF ANIMALS
EQUIPMENT TO ONE
LIVESTOCK UNIT
6
0
2
1
(b) Calculate the stocking rate of the farm. Show all working.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
40. (a) (i) The diagram below shows the structure of an animal cell. Label a
chromosome.
State two differences between phenotype and genotype.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Name one example of biotechnology.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
State three disadvantages of biotechnology.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
41. (a) Name two poisonous plants found in Botswana.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………..…….……………………………………………..
(b) List three factors affecting range management in Botswana.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Outline three general methods of preventing diseases in livestock.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
42. (a) State two ways in which agricultural engineering is important in plants
production.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the table below about farm equipment and their power sources.
EQUIPMENT
POWER SOURCE
Tool
………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………..
Self powered
Implement
………………………………………………………….
(c) (i) State the difference between chemical digestion and mechanical digestion.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Discuss digestion of food in the proventriculus of a chicken.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………….…………...……………………………………………………..…….…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………...……………………………………………………..…….…………………
43. The diagram below shows two types of fences. Use them to answer part (a).
State two advantages of using the materials in fence A compared to the materials
in fence B.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name two ground water sources for UAR in the farm.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………..…….………………………………………………………………………..
Describe how water is treated to make it suitable for human consumption.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
State how the treated water can be stored to prevent further contamination.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
44. (a) Define the following terms.
(i) Agricultural economics,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Variable costs
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Depreciation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………..
(b) The information below was extracted from the records of a broiler farmer in
Tswapong for the year ending 31st March 2006.
200 broiler chicks brought @ P2.00 each
15 bags of poultry manure @ P10.00 each
10 bags of starter mash @ P100.00 each
5 packets of medicine @ P50.00 each
175 manure broilers @P100.00 each
Labour P600.00
6 bags of finisher mash ,@ ,P90.00 each
Use the information to prepare a profit/loss account. [3]
45. Figure below shows a tractor and harrow being used on a commercial farm.
Use it to answer question (a)
List three ways commercial farming can harm the environment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….……
How is leasehold practiced under state land tenure system?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Name the class of USDA land capability classification.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
46. Figure below shows the cross section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant.
Name the parts labelled:
CAMBIUM
A…………………………………………………
PHLOEM
B………………………………………………..
XYLEM
C………………………………………………..
47. (a) Name the process by which manufacturer food is carried out to storage
organs in plants.
TRANSLOCATION
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) In what form of food in plants for future use?
GLUCOSE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(a) For a named vegetable crop, state the organ where food is stored.
ONION;BULB
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
48. Figure below shows the seeds of some weeds
(a) Name the method by which seeds represented by A, B and C are dispersed.
A………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Explain how the following weed control methods are carried out, giving an
example for each.
(i)
Cultural
……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
(ii)
Mechanical
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
(c) Complete the table below about pesticides and pests they control.
Pesticides
Target Pest
Herbicides
WEEDS
……………………………………….
Aphicides
APHIDS
………………………………….…..
ACARCIDES
……………………………………
Ticks
(d) What name is given to the following forms of pesticides:
(i)
A tablet which turns into gas when exposed to air,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)
One stored as a pressurised liquid.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
49. (a) State the frequency of irrigation needed for a named flower cutting or
potted ornamental plant.
Name of flower/ornamental plant………………………………………………………………….……..
Frequency of irrigation
…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Outline two ways of controlling a named common pest.
Name of common pest ……………………………………………………………………………………..…..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(c) Complete the table below by identifying and stating the function of the
following equipment used in the management of lawn.
EQUIPMENT
NAME
FUNCTION
(e) Describe how technology is transferred through farming systems.
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…
50. (a) Sort the parasites listed below as either internal or external parasites.
Flea
Tsetse fly
Stable fly
Roundworm
Tapeworm
Mite
Tick
Liver fluke
EXTERNAL PARASITES
INTERNAL PARASITES
(b) State two characteristics of extensive range management.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(c) Outline three disadvantages of extensive range management.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
...……………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
(b) A ranch is characterised by the following.
- bare land
- severe soil erosion
- rapid bush encroachment
- a lot of invaders species
Discuss three measures that can be put in place to avoid further
degradation of the ranch.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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51. (a) Explain the process of hybridization in plants.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) How can the yield of a crop be enhanced through selection?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) How can beef production be improved through upgrading?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………...……………………………………………………..…….…………………………………………………..…
Explain what is meant by:
Traditional biotechnology
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..………………………...……………………………………………………..…….
Modern technology
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
52. (a) (i) Explain the difference between risk and uncertainty.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..…….………
Classify the following circumstances as either risk or uncertainty:
Drought
Pest attack
Availability of labour
Change in policies
Fire damage
Hailstorm
Risks
Uncertainty
(b) The table below shows a balance sheet of a mixed farm as at 31/10/09.
Complete the balance sheet with the help of the following entries:
Creditors of P300.00
Debtors of P300.00
Owner’s contribution of P200.00
Bank balance of P200.00
LIABILITY
ASSETS
(i)
Interest payable
P1 000.00
(I)
Maize in stock P800.00
(ii)
Taxes payable.
P500.00
(II)
Broiler sales
(iii)
Wages payable
P200.00
(III)
_______________
(iv)
_________________________
_
(IV)
_______________
(v)
_________________________
TOTAL.
___________
TOTAL
____________
P900.00
(c) Complete the table below which shows two stroke of a four stroke engine.
Indicate the direction of the piston movement and the status of the valves.
STROKE
PISTON MOVEMENT
STATUS OF VALVES
53. (a) What is land tenure?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Figure below shows equipment used in one of the stages of agricultural
development.
(b) (i) Identify the agricultural development stage shown above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Give one reason for your answer.
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
State any two impact this stage of agricultural development might have on the
environment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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54. Figure below shows plants being exposed to an environment factor.
(a) Suggest two ways of modifying the effects shown by the environmental
factor above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Give three reasons for stumping a field.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Complete the table below.
The first has been done for you.
CROP
PART OF PLANT WHERE FOOD
IS STORED
Maize
Seed
Onion
Irish potato
Sugar cane
Tomato
(d) The seed rate for maize is 25 kg/ha. How much seed will a maize farner
require to plant on 7 hectares of land? Show your working in the space
below.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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55. The diagram shows a lawn management practice that is being carried out.
(a) Name the management practice that is being carried out.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Which tool is approximate for carrying out the practice shown above.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) State two reasons for carrying out this practice.
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
56. (a) State three advantages of strip grazing.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the difference between the following terms as used in livestock
management.
range and pasture
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Decreasers and increaser
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Describe how 3 named practices may improve pasture or range condition.
…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
57. (a) Define the following terms giving a relevant example for each.
(i) Co-dominance
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Complete dominance
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The illustrations, A and B, show two types of cell division in cattle.
(b) (i) Which type of cell division is shown in illustration B?
……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give reason for your answer.
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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68. Figure below shows the dismantled parts of a knapsack sprayer.
(a) (i) Place the number of the parts of the figure above in the boxes
below to show the connections when the knapsack sprayer is fully
assembled.
(b) (ii) Name the structure X.
………………………………………..……………………………
(c) What is irrigation?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
69. (a) How long is the incubation period of an ostrich egg?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Suggest three ways an incubator can be managed to improve the hatch ability of
fertilised ostrich eggs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
70. (a) Define the following terms as used in Agriculture.
Land tenure
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Tropism
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Figure below shows a cow under a tree.
What environmental factor is responsible for this type of animal behavior?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What can a farmer do to reduce the effect of this factor on livestock?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
List two benefits of practicing pastoral commercial agriculture.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Suggest two through which commercial pastoral farming could affect the
environment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
71. Figure below shows a method of pollination in maize. Use it to answer the
questions.
(a) What type of pollination is taking place?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State three features of maize that enable this type of pollination.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Explain how the processes of pollination and seed formation are related.
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
72. The illustrations show some ornamental plants.
Name the type of ornamental plants shown and describe what distinguishes these
plants
A type……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Description
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
B type……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Description
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………..
C type………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Description
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B) Name the appropriate tool for carrying out the following activities in a lawn:
(I)
(II)
(III)
spiking ………………………………………………………………………………
Scarification ……………………………………………………………………..
C) Why is undecomposed kraal manure not recommended for use when growing
a law?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
shows the mouthparts of some crop pests.
(b) What are the visible features of the mouthpart of the pest led you to classify
it this way?
Pest A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Pest B…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
73. Botswana has a wide range of vegetation that supports many different
livestock enterprises.
Describe the vegetation found in the following:
Arid/shrub Savannah,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Woodland
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Keeping ostriches is one type of livestock enterprise
Name one breed of ostrich found in Botswana.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Give two reasons why ostrich meat should be preferred over beef.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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74. (a) What is the name given to a unit of inheritance found in every cell of living
things.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(a) In the table given, compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and
meiosis.
The first one is already done for you.
Mitosis
1
Occurs in the division of
normal body cells
Meiosis
Occurs in the division of
gametes cells
2
3
4
5
(b) (i) Name two environmental factors that can cause variation in plants.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain how one of these environmental factors can cause variation in plants.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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75. (a) (i) what is an uncertainty as compared to risk?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………...……………………………………………………..…….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Give two examples of uncertainties when producing a named crop.
Name of crop……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Table below shows balance sheet for an agribusiness.
Liabilities
Assets
Current liabilities
Current assets
Tax payable
P2 500.00
Wage
P16 800.00
Finished goods
P50 000.00
………….
…….
P……
P….............
Cheques received
P13 000.00
Long term liabilities
Fixed assets
Loans
P110 700.00
Land
000.00
Mortgage
P6 000.00
………………………
P 90
P………..
(i)
Place the entries below in the table above
Equipment: P60 000
Work in progress: P20 000
interest: P8 000
Annual
(ii)
Calculate the total liabilities and total assets.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(iii)
What is owner equity
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(iv)
Calculate owner equity for this business.
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78. (a) Compare the environment induction and the power strokes in a four stroke
petrol engine and a diesel engine, by completing the table.
Stroke
Diesel engine
Petrol engine
Induction
Power
(b) An electrical system is very important in the operation of a petrol engine
(i)
Which part is the main source of electrical power in the system?
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)
Name two uses of power from the electrical system.
…….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)
Suggest three routine checks to ensure proper functioning of the
electrical system.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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79. Figure below is a diagram of the water cycle.
Name two environmental factors necessary for plant growth observed in the
diagram
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name the tropic response stimulated by:
(i)
(ii)
W…………………………………………………………………………………..
X……………………………………………………………………………………
80. (a) Give three reasons for clearing and stumping a field.
1…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(a) Figure below shows a maize plant.
(i)
Label the parts A, B and C.
(ii)
What is the main food storage organs of a maize plant?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) In what form is food stored in a maize plant.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
81. (a) What is landscaping?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State three reasons why lawn is important in a landscape.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Some ornamental plants require well drained growth media.
Describe how a standard soil mix can be prepared for them.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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82 (a) Name and describe the three ways of classifying weeds according to the
length of their life cycle.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Describe two ways in which weeds can be beneficial to plants.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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83. Figure below shows a tractor pulling a plough.
Explain how this operation reduces weeds
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(a) What is meant by stockmanship in livestock production?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Use the statements about the levels of hormones in the reproductive
system of a ruminant to complete the table below.
Increased level of progesterone
Increased level of oestrogen
Increased level of testosterone
Increased level of luteinising hormone
hormone
Stage of reproductive
cycle
Ovulation
Oestrogen
Spermatogenesis
Pregnancy
Hormone level
Reduced level of progesterone
Reduced level of oestroge
Reduced level of testosterone
Reduced level of luteinising
(c) State three signs of good health in farm animals.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………
(d) Different environmental conditions affect the hatch ability of an ostrich
eggs.
Suggest an explanation for reduced hatch ability when:
(i)
The relative humidity below 20%
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..………………………………
(ii)
The temperature above 42°C.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
85. (a) Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in livestock
improvement.
(i) Breeding
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Co dominance
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Genetic engineering
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Differentiate between the following terms.
phenotype and genotype
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Traditional biotechnology and modern biotechnology.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Figure below shows a pair of chromosomes.
(d) On the drawing, label allele that are ; (I) Heterozygous
(ii) Homozygous recessive
(e) The gene for chinchilla in rabbits (R) is dominant over the gene for white fur
(r).
A heterozygous male Rabbit is crossed with a homozygous recessive
female.
What will be the genotypic ratio of this cross?
86. The information below was extracted from the records of a groat farm
in Tsetsebjwe for the year ending December 2009. Use the information to
answer the question.
Cost of electricity to pump water
P3 500
200 bags of kraal manure sold @P10 each
60 bags of calf and goat meal @P86 each
20 castrated male goats sold to the buttery @P750 each
10 females sold at breeding stock @P800 each
Labour
P6 000
40 bags of finisher feed @ P90 each
200 bales of Lucerne @ P55 each
Drugs cost.
P600
(a) In the table provided, prepare a complete profit and loss account of
this farm.
(The first one has been done for you).
Cost / Expenses
Description
Income / Returns
Amount
P
Description
Amount
P
Total
(b) Is the goat project viable? Give a reason for your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION B QUESTIONS (ESSAYS)
1. (a) Name a species of plant which is suitable for a lawn
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(b) For a plant you have named in (a)
(i) Explain its importance in landscape.
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(ii) Describe how the land should be prepared before the plant is established.
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(iii) Describe how fertilizer should be applied.
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2. Land can be classified according to United States Department of Agriculture Land Capability
Classification.
(a) Describe five of the classes of land according to this classification.
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(b) Describe one use foe each of the classes in your answer to (a).
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3. Outline five differences between a petrol engine and diesel engine.
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4. (a) Explain the meaning of the term marketing in relation to a name farm product.
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(b) Describe each of the important function involved in the marketing of the named farm product.
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5. Outline the requirements for the good housing of livestock.
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....................................................................................................................................................................[5]
(b) Discuss the important steps that need to be taken to ensure that housed livestock are kept in a good
health.
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................................................................................................................................................................[5]
6. Discuss one named bacterial disease of crops with particular reference to:
(a) MODE OF INFECTION,
........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF THE DISEASE ON THE CROPS,
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................[5]
(c) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE DISEASE.
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................[2]
7. Write short notes on each of the following:
(a) PHENOTYPE
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) GENOTYPE
........................................................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) CHROMOSOMES
........................................................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) GENES
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........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................[4]
8. For a named vegetable crop discuss the following:
(a) CHOICE OF SUITABLE VARIETIES;
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) EXAMPLES OF COMMON PESTS
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF A NAMED DISEASE;
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(d) RECOGNITION OF CROP MATURITY
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9. Write brief notes on the following:
(a) CLASSIFICATION OF WEEDS BASED ON MORPHOLOGY
........................................................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................................................
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(b) CULTURAL WEED CONTROL METHOD
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(c) EFFECTS OF WEEDS ON CROPS
........................................................................................................................................................................
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10. for either broilers or layers or rabbits or dairy animals or pigs
(a) OUTLINE REASONS FOR HOUSING
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(b) DESCRIBE PREPARATIONS THAT MUST BE DONE TO RECEIVE YOUNG STOCL.
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11. Choose one livestock disease from the following list.
coccidiosis, trypanosomiasis, fowl typhoid, tuberculosis, mastitis, botulism, anthrax, contagious
abortion' foot and mouth, swine fever, newcastle, heart water, rabies, rickets, piglet anaemia,
aphosphososis and contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia.
(a) STATE THE CAUSATIVE AGENT
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
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(C) STATE THE HOST ANIMAL
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(c) DESCRIBE SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE
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(d) LIST METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE DISEASE
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12. (a) Describe two ways in which a fodder crop can be preserved for future use. [7]
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(b) For a named pasture legume, state
(I) Form and habit of growth,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(I) persistence of the crop,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(iii) Nutritive value of the crop.
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13. (a) State the difference between the following:
(I) planned economy and free market economy,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(Ii) Fixed costs and variable costs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) For a named agricultural enterprise give two entries for each of these records:
(I) Production ,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) Financial.
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14. (a) With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe the construction of a simple, earth road.
(b) Describe the maintenance necessary for an earth road.
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15. (a) Describe the Communal LL and Tenure system
the following headings:
(I) Definition of the system.
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(ii) Advantages of the system.
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(iii) Disadvantages of the system.
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(b) Explain farming system as a technology transfer approach.
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16. With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe any one of the following plant propagation
methods: budding, grafting, cuttings or layering.
(b) Describe the following forms of pesticides
(I) Dusts
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(Ii) Fumigants.
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17. (a) Outline the importance of plants in a landscape design.
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(b) Discuss pruning of ornamental plants.
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18. (a) Explain how man contributes to the destruction of rangeland.
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(b) Write short note on the following:
(I) Range
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(Ii) Stocking rate
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(iii) Decreases
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19. (a) Explain how modern biotechnology improves production of crops.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Describe hybridisation in plants
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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20. Discuss the following economic systems:
(a) Planned economy
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Free market.
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21. (a) Describe the steps in the construction of a wire fence.
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(b) Outline the importance of crushes in the handling livestock.
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22. Discuss the following when potting ornamental plants
(a) Preparation of standard soil mixes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Hardening off of seedlings
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(c) a suitable irrigation method
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(d) Preparation of the plant for marketing.
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23. Outline Advantages and Disadvantages of the following systems of ostrich rearing.
(a) An extensive system
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(b) An intensive system
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24. Discuss animal breeding under the following sub headings.
(a) The meaning of breeding
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(b) The importance of breeding
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(c) The Disadvantages of breeding.
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25. (a) Explain how water logging affects plant growth.
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(b) With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe one method of draining water logged soils.
26. for the operation of a tractor
(a) Describe the water cooling system of an engine
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(b) Outline routine checks to be carried out before use.
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27. Discuss sole proprietorship of a agribusiness enterprise under the following sub headings.
(a) the meaning of sole proprietorship
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(b) The advantages and Disadvantages of sole proprietorship
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(c) The skills required to start an agribusiness.
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(d) The resources required to start an agribusiness.
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28. Discuss hunting and gathering and commercial stages of agricultural development under the
following sub headings.
(a) Description
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Impact on the environment.
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29. Describe how enzymes bring about digestion in the small intestine of a non-ruminant.
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30. (a) Describe the composition of rangelands in Botswana.
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(b) Describe environmental hazards that can be caused by farm chemicals.
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31. (a) Describe the process of photosynthesis in a plant.
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(b) Describe water absorption and movement inside the plant
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32. (a) Describe a named plant from either plotting or bedding or flower cutting under the following.)
(I) type of plant and example.
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(Ii) Method of irrigation
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(iii) Preparation for marketing
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(b) Explain the importance of using plants in the landscape design.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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33. (a) Describe how genetic and environmental factors lead to variation between parents and offspring.
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(b) Explain what genetic engineering is and how it can benefit mankind.
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34. Read the following description of a business enterprise.
The business enterprise that exists as a legal entity is owned by shareholders and is controlled by the
Managing Director. It produces vegetables and sells them to retailers. A Production Manager reports to
the Production Director about issues concerning production and his employees. The Marketing Director
is responsible for promotion and distribution of the products, and these duties are carried out by
managers. There are employees in each of the promotion and distribution divisions.
(a) State the type of business organization for this enterprise.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State two advantages of this business enterprise
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) Draw an organization structure for this business enterprise
35. (a) Describe the operation of an electrical system of a petrol engine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Outline the routine checks before and during the operation of a tractor that will keep it in good
working condition.
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36.(a) State how day length affects the growth of plants
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Explain how a knap sprayer is calibrated before spraying on a 500m² plot.
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37. (a) Draw and label the diagram of the reproductive system of a hen.
(b) State the function of four of the parts labelled in (a).
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38 (a) Describe the process of pricking out of seedlings.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Explain how five different materials are used in landscape design.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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39. (a) Describe how the following factors affect the demand of a product
(i) Price of a product
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Consumer’s income
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Change in population
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) With the aid of a well labelled diagram discuss elasticity of demand of a named product.
40. (a) Choose a pest from the following list.
Grasshopper, leaf miner, beetle, locust, termite.
For a named pest:
(I)
state the damage it causes.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(II)
Describe it’s life cycle
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(III)
Explain how it is controlled
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41. (a) Describe the effort that the government of Botswana make to promote game farming.
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(b) Explain how the legislative measures, taken by the Botswana government ensure sustainable use of
game.
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42. for the lubrication system of a 4 stroke engine:
(a) Give the importance of the lubrication system
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(b) State the parts of the lubrication system
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(c) Explain how the lubrication system should be maintained.
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43. (a) For a named field crop describe the following:
(I) preparation of a suitable seedbed.
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(Ii) Appropriate planting time and method.
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(iii) Recommend varieties in Botswana
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(b) Discuss relevant legislation relating to the named field crop in Botswana.
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44.(a) Describe the process of fertilization in bean flower.
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(b) Explain how sexual reproduction differs from asexual reproduction.
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45. (a) Give four reasons for housing livestock.
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(b) Describe with reasons the qualities of a good livestock house .
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46. With the aid of clear illustrations, explain:
(a) The law of demand
(b) The law of supply.
47. (a) State the importance of farm roads
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(b) Describe the maintenance necessary for as n earth road.
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(c) Suggest how damage to roads could be reduced.
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48. (a) State four uses of cattle crushes.
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(b) Describe the steps in the construction of a wire fence t contain cattle.
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49. (a) What is meant by landscaping and why it is carried out?
(b) Explain what landscaping involves.
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(c) Describe in detail one form of landscape design from the list below.
(Formal, garden, rockery, Civic space, Cemetery Park)
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50. Choose one pasture grass from the list below.
Chloride gayana (Rhodes grass), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu), Panicum maximum (Guinea grass),
Eragrostis circular (weeping love grass), Eragrostis teff (Teff grass), Hyparrhenia SP (Thatching grass),
Cynodon dactylon (stargrass), cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)
Discuss the grass chosen under the following:
(a) Planting time and method
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(b) Form of growth
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(c) Nutritive value
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(d) Persistence
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51. (a) Describe capture of game by the use of either movable capture corrals or crossbows, dart guns
and game capture drugs.
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(b) Write short notes on the semi intensive rearing of ostriches
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52. (a) Describe essential features of a building used for a stated purpose.
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(b) Explain three factors to consider when choosing a site for a farm building.
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53. Discuss the following
(a) Agricultural production is affected by available land, labour, capital BC and management.
Describe the features of two of the above.
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(b) Explain what is meant by the following terms in Agricultural economics.
(I) opportunity cost
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(Ii) Complementary goods
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(Ii) Supplementary goods
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54. (a) For a named vegetable crop which is either a root bulb or bulb or legume or leaf or fruit discuss
it’s
(I) climatic requirements
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(Ii) Preparation for marketing
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(b) Describe how harrowing is done in soil preparation.
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55. (a) Outline the advantages of cultural weed control.
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(b) Explain the difference between selective and non selective herbicides.
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(d) Describe four precautions necessary to take when handling herbicides to reduce pollution in the
farm.
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56. (a) Describe two management practices that will help improve the appearance of an overgrown and
untidy lawn
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(b) Discuss the positive environmental impacts of landscape design.
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57. Discuss a named field crop under the following:
(a) soil and fertilizer requirements
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(b) Factors to consider in choosing varieties to plant.
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(c) Marketing after harvesting.
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58. (a) Write brief notes on tropisms in plants
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(b) For the establishment of a new lawn describe in detail
(I) how a named planting material is used.
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(Ii) The proper use of a named fertilizer.
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59. (a) Outline the qualities of a good livestock house.
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(b) for raising either broilers, layers, rabbits, dairy animals or pigs, describe the type of housing required.
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60 Choose one pasture grass from the list below.
Chloride gayana (Rhodes grass), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu), Panicum maximum (Guinea grass),
Eragrostis circular (weeping love grass), Eragrostis teff (Teff grass), Hyparrhenia SP (Thatching grass),
Cynodon dactylon (stargrass), cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)
Discuss the grass chosen with reference to:
(a) Soil and climatic requirements
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(b) Form and habit of growth
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(c) Fertilizer treatment and nutritional value
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(d) Persistence
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61. Explain the following economic laws using relevant examples.
(I) demand
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(Ii) Supply
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(iii) Diminishing returns
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62. (a) Outline farm operations that require the use of a crush.
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(b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the construction of an earth road.
63. (a) Describe three types of irrigation
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(b) Explain how irrigation differs from drainage and how it affects crop yield and quality.
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