Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & EMPLOYMENT
Regional Office No. 7
NEGROS ORIENTAL PROVINCIAL
FIELD OFFICE
Dumaguete City
Labor Education for Graduating Students
CAREER PATH AND
OPTIONS
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
 City Cooperative Manpower and
Development Office (CCMDO)
 Technical Education & Skills
Development Authority (TESDA)
 Provincial Integrated Skills Training
Center-Negros Oriental (PISTC)
 Dept. of Trade & Industry
 Funding Institutions
 Other NGO’s/GO’s
 Other Private institutions
Entrepreneurship
• Working for oneself
• An alternative to employment
• Starting your own business
Qualities of the Entrepreneur
 A risk-taker
 Committed to an idea
 Willing to work hard
 Passionate about pursuing
a business idea
 Not afraid to lose (money,
time, face)
 Can easily bounce back
when things fail
 Physically and emotionally
able to withstand the
pressures
 Resourceful and innovative
 Positive in outlook
 Can communicate and
relate well with all kinds of
people
 Can envision the future
 Knows how to sell and
market (products and
services)
 Can handle money well
WAGE EMPLOYMENT
WAGE EMPLOYMENT
Government Service
Private Employment
JOB SEARCH
 NEWSPAPER WANT ADS
 EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES
 THE WEB (PHIL-JOBNET ADDRESS -
http://phil-jobnet.dole.gov.ph)
 CSC
 JOBS FAIR
 PESO’s
 TELEPHONE DIRECTORIES
 CONTACTING POTENTIAL
EMPLOYERS
 NETWORKING
PEOPLE YOU KNOW
 FRIENDS
 MEMBERS OF THE PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
 MEMBERS OF A POLITICAL PARTY
 PRESENT OR FORMER TEACHERS
 FRIENDS FROM YOUR CHURCH
 PEOPLE YOU PLAY SPORTS WITH
 RELATIVES
 FORMER CO-WORKERS
 FORMER EMPLOYERS OR SUPERVISORS
PEOPLE YOU KNOW
 FORMER EMPLOYEES
 CLASSMATES
 NEIGHBORS
 FRATERNITY OR SORORITY
MEMBERS
 MEMBERS OF YOUR SOCIAL
CLUB
 PEOPLE YOU KNOW FROM
COMMUNITY SERVICE
12 Key Employment
Generators
AGRIBUSINESS
CYBERSERVICES
HEALTH, WELLNESS AND MEDICAL
TOURISM
BANKING AND FINANCE
MANUFACTURING
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT
OWNERSHIP, DWELLINGS
REAL/RETIREMENT ESTATE
MINING
TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS
CONSTRUCTION
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT
4 EMERGING INDUSTRIES
CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
DIVERSIFIED
/STRATEGIC
FARMING AND
FISHING
POWER AND UTILITIES
RENEWABLE ENERGY
MOST SOUGHT AFTER SKILLS BY EMPLOYERS
 Communications Skills (listening,
verbal, written)
 Analytical/Research Skills
 Computer/Technical Literacy
 Flexibility/Adaptability/Managing
Multiple Priorities
 Interpersonal Abilities
 Leadership/Management Skills
 Multicultural Sensitivity/Awareness
 Planning/Organizing
 Problem-solving/
Reasoning/Creativity
 Teamwork
Personal Values Employers Seek in
Employees
• Honesty/Integrity/Morality
• Adaptability/Flexibility
• Dedication/Hard-Working/Work Ethic/Tenacity
• Dependability/Reliability/Responsibility
• Loyalty
• Positive Attitude/Motivation/Energy/Passion
• Professionalism
• Self-Confidence
• Self-Motivated/Ability to Work With Little or No
Supervision
• Willingness to Learn
DOLE Services: Public
Employment Service
Offices (PESO)
 Venue
where people could explore various
employment options and actually seek assistance
they prefer
 Provide information on the demand-supply situation
in localities which could help jobseekers in assessing
conditions in the labor market and their chances of
finding employment
 Referral
and information center for the various
services and programs of DOLE and other
government agencies (OWWA & POEA –
www.poea.gov.ph)
DOLE Services: Phil-Jobnet
 An automated job-matching system which
aims to fast track jobseekers’ search for work
as well as employers’ search for manpower
 Employers and jobseekers can visit the PhilJobnet website at http//philjob.net.dole.gov.ph
The Employment Relationship
Asa magsugod ang tali
sa Mamumuo ug sa
Magpapatigayon?
Sa
Contract of
Employment
The Contract of Employment

Voluntary, employer and employee without force or
compulsion agree:
 that employee shall, in exchange for wages, render
work or services to the employer
 that employer shall, in exchange for services/work
rendered, pay the employee his/her wages
in accordance with law.

Agreement in writing or oral,
expressed or implied.
The Tests
The tests of Employer-Employee
Relationship:
 selection and engagement of the
employee
 payment of wages
 power of dismissal
 the power to control the employee’s
conduct
EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONS
Framework of Rights and Obligations
Powers
Industrial Peace based
on Social Justice
Government
Capital
Labor
Law/
CBA
Rights
Prerogatives
Livelihood
Profit
The Employer has
The Employee has
Management
Prerogatives
Individual
and Collective
Rights
Based on
• The Constitution
• Labor Code
• Contract of Employment
Management
MANAGEMENT is any person or entity doing
business for profit, with the use of labor and
capital.
MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVES are the
rights and privileges of decision and action
flowing from managerial control embraces all
aspects of the business.
Management Prerogatives
Two aspects:
1. Operational Aspect – the freedom of the
employer to direct the operations of its business
as it sees fit; and
2. Personnel Aspect – the freedom to prescribe
policies and rules regarding personnel actions,
discipline and organization
Management Prerogative: Operational Aspect
THE RIGHT TO:
• Impose reasonable
• Reduce his personnel or
close his establishment in the
conditions for hiring
following cases:
• Determine the size of the
• When introduction of labor-saving devices
results in redundancy;
workforce.
• When the retrenchment is necessary to
prevent losses or cessation of operation of
• Reasonable returns of
the establishment; and
• When total closure is justified due to
investment and to
substantial losses in business operations.
expansion and growth.
•
Suspend business operations
• Contract out the
in case of natural calamities
performance of some of
that hit the area of
its jobs or services.
operations.
Management Prerogative:
Personnel Aspect
THE RIGHT TO:
 Hire
 Determine working
 Fire
structures
 Determine time, place,
manner of work
 Supervise workers
 Regulate Work
 Undertake other
management actions
 Transfer
 Promote/Demote
 Lay-off
 Lay down policies
 Discipline
 Determine work
assignment
Management Prerogatives
THE EXERCISE OF MANAGEMENT
PREROGATIVE MUST BE:
 in good faith not based on malice
 for valid business reasons
 not covered by any legal or contractual
limitation
Management Responsibilities
 Compliance with labor standards
 Compliance with contracts/agreements
with employees
 Just and humane treatment of employees;
Duty of Care
 Compliance with requirements of due
process
 Implementation of sound and clear
company policies and rules and
regulations
Management Responsibilities
LABOR STANDARDS

OVERTIME PAY
 NIGHT DIFFERENTIAL
 HOLIDAY PAY
 SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVE
 MINIMUM WAGE
 13TH MONTH PAY
 WEEKLY REST PERIODS
MEAL & REST PERIODS
 RETIREMENT PAY
 PATERNITY & MATERNITY LEAVES
 LIMITS ON EMPLOYMENT OF
WOMEN & MINORS
 SEXUAL HARASSMENT RULES
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
RULES
Rights & Obligations of Employees
Individual Worker’s Rights
 Security of tenure
 Just & humane conditions of work
 Participate in decision-making
 Self-organization
 Just share in the fruits of production
 Collective bargaining
 Living wage
 Labor standards
Collective Rights
Right to
 Self-organization
 Collective bargaining and
negotiation
 Engage in peaceful concerted
activities in accordance with law
 Participate in policy and decisionmaking processes affecting rights
and benefits as may be provided
by law
Collective Rights
Right to
 Free access to the Courts and
quasi-judicial bodies and speedy
disposition of their cases
Labor education thru
seminars, dialogues and
information, education
and communication
materials
Workers Obligations
1. Duty to obey
2. Duty to exercise skill & care
3. Duty of good faith & loyalty
The Duty to Obey
 Reasonable and lawful
 Sufficiently known to employee
 In connection with duties of
employee
The Duty of Skill & Care
 Employee must have basic competence for
assigned duties
 Employees must exercise care in carrying out
assigned duties
 Initial testing is at probationary period
 Management monitoring is through regular
performance appraisal
 Violation of this duty is ground for dismissal if
the violation is gross and habitual
The Duty of Good Faith
& Loyalty
This is violated when there is :
Gross misconduct
 Fraud or willful breach of trust
 Commission of Crime against employer
or co-workers
FOOD FOR
THOUGHTS
“For I know the plans I have
for you, “declares the Lord.
“Plans to prosper you & not to
harm you, plans to give you a
hope and a future.”
-Jeremiah 29:11
AIM HIGH!!!
Good luck and God bless…