Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________
ID: A
Science 9 Environmental Chemistry Unit Test
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
____
1. The three elements commonly found in fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
____
2. DDT was first developed to combat the spread of malaria among Allied troops.
____
3. Liming is the term given to the process of adding lime to the environment to decrease its pH.
____
4. A material or form of energy that can cause harm to a living organism is known as a pollutant.
____
5. If the label on a package of cheese states that the cheese contains 17% milk fat, this means that a 2 kg
package of cheese contains 34 g of milk fat.
____
6. The most useful chemical indicators of water quality are macroinvertebrates because they are sensitive
to chemicals.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
____
____
7. Nutrients are classified into two major groups,
a. organic and inorganic.
c. vitamins and minerals.
b. lipids and enzymes.
d. macrominerals and trace elements.
8. The nutrients that act mainly as an energy source for metabolism in your body are the
a. lipids.
c. enzymes.
b. proteins.
d. carbohydrates.
9. The nitrogen cycle includes the following three compounds:
a. nitrates, nitrogen oxide, and ammonia. c. nitrates, ammonia, and nitric acid.
b. nitrates, urea, and nitrogen oxide.
d. nitrates, ammonia, and urea.
Imagine you are an agricultural scientist hired to determine the effects of fertilizer on wheat
germination. You set up five containers each containing potting soil, water, and five wheat seeds. Then
you add a different amount of fertilizer to each container and prepare the following data table:
____
Container#
Amount of fertilizer
1
No fertilizer
2
3
1g
5g
4
10 g
5
15 g
Observations: root and shoot growth (mm)
10. The manipulated variable(s) in the experiment described above is (are)
a. the amount of water added.
b. the amount of fertilizer added.
c. the amount of root or shoot growth.
d. Both A and B are manipulated variables.
1
Name: ______________________
____
____
ID: A
11. The mineral most crucial to red blood cells is
a. iron.
c. iodine.
b. copper
d. calcium.
12. Weed, insect, and fungus pests can be controlled by applying specific pesticides called (in the correct
order)
a. DDT, dieldrin, and fungicides.
b. herbicides, and insecticides.
c. fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides.
d. herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
The following diagram illustrates an ocean food web.
____
____
____
13. How did the DDT likely enter the food web illustrated above?
a. It occurs naturally.
b. It was accidentally releases from factories.
c. It was applied to control insects on land.
d. It was accidentally sprayed on nearby wetlands.
14. In the food web illustrated above, the numbers represent
a. the number of organisms at each stage in the food web.
b. the amount of DDT in the environment at each stage of the food web.
c. the amount of DDT in each organism’s tissues.
d. The length of time DDT has been in the environment at each stage in the food web.
15. In the food web illustrated above, how much greater is the concentration of DDT in the seabird than in
the fish it eats?
a. About 6.5 times
b. About 65 times
c. About 65% higher
d. About 6.5% higher
2
Name: ______________________
____
ID: A
16. The researcher who was chiefly responsible for identifying the serious consequences of pesticide use in
the 1960s was
a. Rachel Carson.
b. Paul Müller.
c. David Suzuki.
d. The World Health Organization.
____
17. What does the graph above tell you about attempts to develop new pesticides?
a. It will become more difficult as species become resistant.
b. The likelihood that a species will become resistant depends on the amount of time
the chemical is used.
It will be difficult to develop new pesticides as strong as those in use before 1960.
Both A and B.
18. One major difference between conventional farming practices and organic farming practices is that
organic farmers can use
a. any pesticide they choose.
b. only pesticides derived from natural sources such as microbes, insects, or minerals.
c. no pesticides at all.
d. only special synthetic pesticides.
19. During a study of remote western Canadian lakes, Dr. B. Asice was confused by his discovery that
although the rain in his study area was acidic, the lake water was of normal pH. What could you tell
him that would best explain this discrepancy?
a. The lake bottom contains carbonate rock.
b. The lake had been limed several years earlier.
c. Acid rain does not affect large lakes due to dilution effects.
d. Fresh water was continuing to run into the lake.
c.
d.
____
____
3
Name: ______________________
____
____
ID: A
20. An alteration of the environment is considered pollution if
a. it causes immediate harm to living things in that environment.
b. the concentration of harmful chemicals is easy to detect.
c. it produces a condition that is harmful to living things.
d. the concentration of a pollutant exceeds its LD50.
21. The distinction between a pollutant and pollution is that
a. a pollutant alters the environment to produce harmful conditions, while pollution is a
b.
c.
d.
harmful material.
pollution is the alteration of the environment to produce harmful conditions, while a
pollutant is a harmful material.
a pollutant causes physical or chemical changes, while pollution affects biological
mechanisms.
pollution causes immediate harm to living organisms, while a pollutant takes longer
to act.
A factory releases arsenic into a river. The mayor of Endsville, a village downstream from the factory,
hires you to test the water. Your findings are as follows:
Sample Point
Source
1 km downstream
2 km downstream
3 km downstream (Endsville)
____
____
____
____
____
Arsenic (ppb)
50
5.0
0.5
0.05
22. Based on the information in the table above, what happens to the arsenic in the river?
a. The arsenic dissolves in the water.
b. The arsenic is diluted by the water.
c. The amount of arsenic decreases with the distance from the factory.
d. The arsenic is absorbed by organisms in the river.
23. Based on the information in the table above, how much more concentrated is the arsenic in the river at
the factory than at Endsville?
a. 1000 times more concentrated
c. 10 000 times more concentrated
b. 1000% more concentrated
d. 10 000% more concentrated
24. A 0.5 L water sample from the Flow River contains 50 mg of barium. Calculate the concentration of
barium in ppm.
a. 0.1 ppm
c. 0.05 ppm
b. 100 ppm
d. 50 ppm
25. A common measurement of toxicity is
a. Lethal Dose 50.
c. Lethal Danger 50.
b. Living Duration 50.
d. Lethal Duration 50.
26. Caffeine has an LD50 for mice of 130 ppm. Which reason best explains why coffee and caffeinated
soft drinks are not considered dangerous?
a. Caffeine is only toxic to mice, not to humans.
b. You would have to drink enormous amounts of caffeinated drinks to consume a dose
of caffeine equivalent to the LD50 for mice.
c. Caffeine breaks down quickly in the body.
d. Caffeine is popular, so a high toxicity is still an acceptable risk.
4
Name: ______________________
____
ID: A
27.
Toxin name
botulinum toxin A
tetanus toxin A
dioxin
nicotine
strychnine
solanine
chlordane
dieldren
Approximate LD50s
(in ppm)
Source
Clostridium botulinum
bacterium
Clostridium tetani
bacterium
contaminant in some
herbicides and in PCBs
cigarette smoke
pesticide
potatoes
insecticide
insecticide
0.000 000 03
0.000 005
0.03
0.86
5.0
6.0
40.0
80.0
Using the above table as a reference, arrange the following chemicals into order from most to least
toxic: dioxin, nicotine, botulinum toxin A, dieldren.
a. Botulinum toxin A, nicotine, dioxin, dieldren
b. Botulinum toxin A, dioxin, nicotine, dieldren
c. Dieldren, nicotine, dioxin, botulinum toxin A
d. Dieldren, dioxin, nicotine, botulinum toxin A
____
____
____
28. From the illustration above, you can infer that
a. biodiversity increases as the concentration of dissolved O2 increases.
b. biodiversity is not related to the concentration of dissolved O2 .
c. biodiversity decreases as the concentration of dissolved O2 increases.
d. biodiversity is not an indicator of the concentration of dissolved O2 .
29. In the stream ecosystem illustrated above, which species would be considered a biological indicator?
a. Trout and perch
c. Caddis fly larvae and isopods
b. Catfish and leeches
d. All insect larvae
30. In the stream ecosystem illustrated above, what other factors besides the pollution source will affect
the oxygen content of the water?
a. Turbulence and temperature.
b. Turbulence and light exposure.
c. Carbon dioxide and temperature.
d. Carbon dioxide and light exposure.
5
Name: ______________________
____
____
ID: A
31. In general, the organisms that are most useful as indicators of water quality are
a. algae.
c. microinvertebrates.
b. birds and fish.
d. macroinvertebrates.
32. All wastes entering the environment are
a. harmless if released only once.
c. potentially harmful in any area.
b. harmless if released only in one area.
d. harmful only when spread over a large
area.
____
33. Some pollutants are difficult to break down and therefore accumulate in the environment. These are
termed
a. non-persistent pollutants.
b. persistent pollutants.
c. chronic pollutants.
d. chemical indicators.
The following diagram illustrates the neighbourhood of a river.
____
____
____
____
34. In the illustration above, the farm is representative of a
a. point source of pollution.
c. persistent source of pollution.
b. non-point source of pollution.
d. non-persistent source of pollution.
35. In which part of the river illustrated above would you expect to find the greatest biodiversity?
a. Upstream of the town
c. Between the factory and the farm
b. Downstream of the farm
d. Between the town and the factory
36. Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of pollution?
a. A drainpipe
c. A smokestack
b. A fertilized field
d. The exhaust pipe on a truck driving
across the province
37. The largest contributor to modern air pollution in Canada is
a. human activities.
c. forest fires.
b. volcanoes.
d. grass fires.
6
Name: ______________________
ID: A
The following is a map showing wind currents and air pollution.
____
____
38. This map above indicates that the problem of air pollution is
a. local ⎯ near industrial sites.
b. regional ⎯ in areas of industry.
c. national ⎯ in industrialized countries.
d. global.
39. Waste water from washing clothes or fertilizing lawns must be treated to
a. remove nitrogen and phosphorous.
b. remove organic material.
c. destroy disease-causing organisms.
d. all of the above.
7
Name: ______________________
ID: A
The following diagram illustrates the sewage treatment process.
____
____
____
40. What is the purpose of the disinfection tank in the process illustrated above?
a. To remove nitrogen and phosphorous.
b. To remove heavy metals.
c. To destroy disease-carrying organisms.
d. To destroy leftover sediments.
41. An area of porous rock below ground level which can hold useful amounts of water is called
a. a ground water well.
b. an aquifer.
c. an injection well.
d. a recharge zone.
42. Patty believes that any biodegradable product is better than a non-biodegradable product. What is she
not considering?
a. The time the product may take to degrade.
b. The conditions needed to degrade the product.
c. The by-products that result when the product degrades.
d. All of the above.
8
Name: ______________________
ID: A
The following diagram illustrates a waste management system.
____
____
____
____
____
43. The waste management system shown in the diagram above is called a
a. secure landfill.
b. sanitary landfill.
c. composting landfill.
d. compacted landfill.
44. One common way of disposing of hazardous materials is to incinerate them at very high temperatures
(1200 °C). What must be done to ensure that the problem of hazardous waste is not simply traded for
the problem of air pollution?
a. Exhaust gases must be scrubbed.
b. Hazardous waste should be buried rather than incinerated.
c. The wastes should be incinerated at lower temperatures.
d. Hazardous waste should be re-used or recycled.
45. The use of living organisms to help clean up areas of pollution is known as
a. bioaccumulation.
b. bioreaction.
c. bioremediation.
d. biodegradation.
46. Plants are useful in managing pollution because they
a. absorb, concentrate, and store pollutants.
b. use pollutants as an energy source.
c. transport air pollutants into the soil.
d. move soil pollutants to the air.
47. Chemicals that have a bitter taste or slippery feel are usually
a. acids.
b. bases.
c. catalysts.
d. enzymes.
9
Name: ______________________
____
ID: A
48. The best way to determine if a substance is an acid or a base is to use a(n)
a. taste test.
b. acid-base indicator.
c. pH scale.
d. acid-base neutralizer.
The following diagram shows the population in relation to the pH of water.
____
____
49. Which of the following best explains the survival pattern of amphibians shown in the graph above?
a. Their food source has died off.
b. The lake has become neutralized.
c. Amphibians are only tolerant of acid to a certain point.
d. Acids concentrate in the tissues of predators more than in their prey.
50. A chemical causing symptoms after only one exposure is said to have
a. acute toxicity.
b. chronic toxicity.
c. symptomatic toxicity.
d. an LD50 of 1.
10
ID: A
Science 9 Environmental Chemistry Unit Test
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T
OBJ: fertilizer
2. ANS: F, typhus
PTS: 1
TOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma
DIF:
PTS: 1
3. ANS: F, increase
DIF:
TOP: A Growing Concern
PTS:
TOP:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
average
OBJ: DDT
1
DIF: difficult
OBJ: pH
How Do You Spell Relief?
T
PTS: 1
pollutants
TOP: How Much Is Too Much?
F, 340 g
PTS: 1
DIF: average
TOP: How Much Is Too Much?
6. ANS: F, biological
DIF:
average
easy
OBJ: concentrations
PTS: 1
DIF: average
TOP: Getting Away From It All?
OBJ: indicators
MULTIPLE CHOICE
7. ANS:
TOP:
8. ANS:
TOP:
9. ANS:
TOP:
10. ANS:
TOP:
11. ANS:
TOP:
12. ANS:
TOP:
13. ANS:
TOP:
14. ANS:
TOP:
15. ANS:
TOP:
A
PTS: 1
A Hair-raising Dilemma
D
PTS: 1
A Hair-raising Dilemma
D
PTS: 1
A Hair-raising Dilemma
D
PTS: 1
A Hair-raising Dilemma
A
PTS: 1
A Hair-raising Dilemma
D
PTS: 1
A Growing Concern
C
PTS: 1
A Growing Concern
C
PTS: 1
A Growing Concern
B
PTS: 1
A Growing Concern
1
DIF:
average
OBJ: nutrients
DIF:
average
OBJ: nutrients
DIF:
average
OBJ: fertilizer
DIF:
average
OBJ: scientific method
DIF:
average
OBJ: nutrients
DIF:
average
OBJ: pesticides
DIF:
average
OBJ: biomagnification
DIF:
average
OBJ: DDT
DIF:
difficult
OBJ: biomagnification
ID: A
16. ANS:
TOP:
17. ANS:
TOP:
18. ANS:
TOP:
19. ANS:
TOP:
20. ANS:
TOP:
21. ANS:
TOP:
22. ANS:
TOP:
23. ANS:
TOP:
24. ANS:
TOP:
25. ANS:
TOP:
26. ANS:
TOP:
27. ANS:
TOP:
28. ANS:
TOP:
29. ANS:
TOP:
30. ANS:
TOP:
31. ANS:
TOP:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
TOP:
37. ANS:
TOP:
38. ANS:
TOP:
A
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: contributions to science
A Growing Concern
D
PTS: 1
DIF: difficult
OBJ: pesticides
A Growing Concern
B
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: organic agriculture
A Growing Concern
A
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: acid effects
How Do You Spell Relief?
C
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: pollution
How Much Is Too Much?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: difficult
OBJ: pollution
How Much Is Too Much?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: concentrations
How Much Is Too Much?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: concentrations
How Much Is Too Much?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: concentrations
How Much Is Too Much?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: lethal dose
How Much Is Too Much?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: toxicity
How Much Is Too Much?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: toxicity
How Much Is Too Much?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: indicators
Getting Away From It All?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: indicators
Getting Away From It All?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: water quality
Getting Away From It All?
D
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: indicators
Getting Away From It All?
C
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
monitoring the environment
TOP: Getting Away From It All?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: average
monitoring the environment
TOP: Getting Away From It All?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: average
monitoring the environment
TOP: Getting Away From It All?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: average
monitoring the environment
TOP: Getting Away From It All?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: average
OBJ: pollution sources
Getting Away From It All?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: pollution
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
D
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
OBJ: pollution
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
2
ID: A
39. ANS:
TOP:
40. ANS:
TOP:
41. ANS:
TOP:
42. ANS:
TOP:
43. ANS:
TOP:
44. ANS:
TOP:
45. ANS:
TOP:
46. ANS:
TOP:
47. ANS:
TOP:
48. ANS:
TOP:
49. ANS:
TOP:
50. ANS:
TOP:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
C
PTS: 1
DIF: average
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
B
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
D
PTS: 1
DIF: difficult
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
B
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
A
PTS: 1
DIF: average
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
C
PTS: 1
DIF: average
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
A
PTS: 1
DIF: difficult
N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing
B
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
How Do You Spell Relief?
B
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
How Do You Spell Relief?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: difficult
How Do You Spell Relief?
A
PTS: 1
DIF: easy
How Much Is Too Much?
3
OBJ: pollution
OBJ: sewage treatment
OBJ: ground water
OBJ: biodegradation
OBJ: landfills
OBJ: hazardous waste
OBJ: bioremediation
OBJ: bioremediation
OBJ: acids and bases
OBJ: acids and bases
OBJ: acid effects
OBJ: toxicity