5G RAN3.0 mmWave Beam
Management
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Change History
Version
Description
Date
Owner
0.1
Draft
July 15, 2019
Wang Dingwei
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Contents
• 1. Feature Information
• 2. Solution Introduction
• 3. Impact Analysis
• 4. Usage Instructions
• 5. Verification
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1. Feature Information
Feature Name
Version
Basic Beam Management
5G RAN3.0
mmWave basic beam management
mmWave 3D Coverage Pattern
5G RAN3.0
mmWave 3D coverage pattern
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Supported Function
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2. Solution Introduction
mmWave beam management mainly manages
analog beams.
The 4TRx module (AAU5213) provides a maximum of two
analog beams at a time.
12 H x 8 V
12 H x 8 V
12 H x 8 V
12 H x 8 V
mmWave uses the hybrid beamforming (HBF)
architecture and weights both the analog domain
and digital domain. Digital domain weighting
applies only to the PDSCH/PUSCH. Only analog
domain weighting can be used for other channels.
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AAU5213: 768 arrays
AAU5222: 384 arrays
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2. Solution Introduction
2.1.1 Cell-level
Beam
SSB/PRACH
beams
2.1.2 UE-level
Beams
CSI-RS beams
2.1 Basic Beam
Management
mmWave beam
management
2.2 3D Coverage
Pattern
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Cell-level beams
(SSB/PRACH)
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2.1 Basic Beam Management (HAAU5213)
SSB Symbol
CSI beam (from the UE
perspective): Narrow beam
SSB beam (from the UE
perspective): Wide beam
Top
–20
–20
–15
–15
–10
–10
–5
Left
Right
–5
0
0
15
0
5
5
10
10
15
15
20
20
12
31
47
63
79
Bottom
Beam Envelope H-HPBW
Beam Envelope V-HPBW
Beam Number
SSB
xx°
xx°
16*1
CSI-RS
xx°
xx°
16 x 4 = 64
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2.1 Basic Beam Management (HAAU5222)
SSB Symbol
SSB beam (from the UE
perspective): Wide beam
CSI Beam (from the UE
perspective): Narrow beam
0
0
11
1
24
11
23
35
36
47
12
Beam Envelope H-HPBW
Beam Envelope V-HPBW
Beam Number
SSB
xx°
xx°
12 x 1
CSI-RS
xx°
xx°
12 x 4 = 48
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2.1.1 Cell-level Beam Selection – SSB
#0
#1
#2
.
.
.
#N-3
#N-2
#N-1
Time

The SSB period is 20 ms, and the message is sent within 5 ms (40 slots).

Each downlink slot has two SSBs, that is, two SSB beams.

By default, 16 SSB beams are configured in a high frequency band. The 4TRx module uses the
4TRx joint transmission mode, and the 2TRx module uses the 2TRx transmission mode.

Different SSB beams are sent at different moments and jointly cover a cell in a high frequency band.

The UE scans and measures the SSB beams to obtain the best beams and then completes
synchronization and system information reception.
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2.1.1 Cell-level Beam Selection – PRACH
There is a mapping between PRACH beam and SSB index.
Once determining the best SSB index, the UE determines the PRACH transmission position and the
receive beam on the gNodeB side accordingly.
SSB index #m
PRACH RO #n
Example of the association between SSB index and PRACH (PRACH 60 KHz):
S: SSB; R: PRACH
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
1 1
1 2
2 2
0 2
8 0
6 8
1 1
1 2
2 2
SSB index 2, 4,
3 5
1 3
9 1
7 9
Slot
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...
... (Depending on the UE
implementation)
4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
R
R
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R
R
2.1.2 UE-level Beam Management
P1 procedure:
gNodeB/UE rough sweeping
P2 procedure:
gNodeB precise sweeping
SSB beam sweeping; The gNodeB and
the UE determine their wide beams
separately.
CSI-RS beam sweeping periodically;
The gNodeB determines the beams for
downlink services.
(Optional) P3 procedure:
UE precise sweeping
The gNodeB sends CSI-RS repeatedly,
and the UE determines its own narrow
beam.
Not supported by base stations for the moment
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2.1.2 UE-level Beam – CSI-RS
• CSI-RS beams are configured in the
last two symbols of downlink slots.
• Four Beams are sent in each slot.
TX0/1 +45°
TX2/3 –45°
64 CSI-RS beams in total; sending period: 20 ms. The UE
reports one to four best CSI-RS beams.
TTI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
Slot
D D D S U D D D S U
D D D S U D D D
S U
CSI-RS
...

160 slots available in 20 ms; CSI-RS beams are configured
in the following 16 slots:
0/10/20/30/40/50/60/70/80/90/100/110/120/130/140/150
TX1/3 Beam B
TX1/3 Beam D

The UE reports the best CSI-RS beam selection result
through CSI-Report.

The best CSI-RS beams are used for PDCCH/PDSCH/CSIRS for 3I transmission and PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS reception
TX0/2 Beam A
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TX0/2 Beam C
on the base station side.
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2.1.2 Periodic UE-level Beam Management to Ensure that Each UE
Always Uses the Best Beams for Data Transmission
CSI Beam Scanning
SSB Beam
CSI Serving Beam
CSI Serving Beam
BS
Data transfer
Reported 4 best CSI
beams @PUCCH
Service beam
indicator
@MAC CE
...
Effective
cycle
Reported 4 best
CSI beams
@PUCCH
Service beam
indicator
@MAC CE
UE
•
•
Before the best CSI-RS beams are determined, PRACH beams are used for data transmission.
The best CSI-RS beam selection for each UE is periodically performed in the background to ensure that
the UE always uses the best beams.
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Summary: mmWave Beam Management
Scope
Beam
Classification
Number of
Beams
Scanning/Measurement
Mode
Beam Reporting and Maintenance
SSB beam
16
SSB beam sweeping
Initial access phase: SSB beams
are sent jointly in 4TRx mode.
PRACH receive beam
The beams have one-to-one
mapping with SSB beams and are
received by the gNodeB at fixed
time-frequency locations.
• Msg2 to Msg 5
Before the best beams are reported
in CSI-RS beam sweeping:
• PDCCH/PDSCH/CSI-RS for 3I
• PUCCH/PUSCH
CSI-RS beam sweeping
Periodic beam sweeping: The
period is controlled by a reserved
parameter. The default value is 20
ms.
After receiving 64 beams, the UE
selects and reports one to four best
beams.
PDSCH, PDCCH, CSI-RS, SRS,
PUSCH, PUCCH
Celllevel
PRACH beam
UElevel
CSI-RS beam
16
64
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Application Scope
•
•
SSB
Common PDCCH and PDSCH
(RMSI/OSI)
2.2 mmWave 3D Coverage Pattern
Multiple SSB beam modes can be configured for high frequency bands. The configuration can be modified to meet differentiated
capacity or coverage requirements in different scenarios, maximizing the value of sites in high frequency bands.
Coverage Case
Characteristic
Deployment Scenario
Both capacity and coverage are
important and a trade-off is
required.
Common hotspot coverage
scenario, such as in pedestrian
streets and commercial areas
Case 2: capacity
scenario
In target areas, UEs are
concentrated, requiring high
capacity; however, the coverage
distance is relatively short, having
low requirements on coverage.
Stadiums, squares in front of
business centers, etc.
Case 3: coverage
Scenario
Large capacity-oriented hotspot
areas that require wide coverage
Parking apron or parking lot
Case 1: default
scenario
Constraints: The values of SSB pattern and tilt for all DU cells in a high-frequency sector must be the same.
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2.2 mmWave 3D Coverage Pattern – SSB Beam (HAAU5213)
Capacity scenario
0
1
2
3
4
5
Coverage scenario
6
7
SSB
Beam Envelope H-HPBW
Beam Envelope V-HPBW
Beam Number
Capacity
scenario
Xx
Xx
8x1
Coverage
scenario
xx
xx
16 x 2 + 4 + 6 = 42
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2.2 mmWave 3D Coverage Pattern – SSB Beam (HAAU5222)
Capacity scenario
Coverage scenario
0
6
5
0
5
41
SSB
Beam Envelope (H-HPBW) Beam Envelope (V-HPBW)
Beam Number
Capacity
scenario
Xx
Xx
6x1
Coverage
scenario
xx
xx
12 x 3 + 6 = 42
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3. Impact Analysis
Positive Impact
Negative Impact
• Basic beam management is a basic
function.
• Changing the beam pattern will cause
cell reestablishment and service
interruption.
• mmWave 3D coverage pattern can
flexibly adapt to operators' deployment
scenarios and meet differentiated
capacity or coverage requirements of
operators through configuration,
simplifying network optimization.
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4. Usage Instructions (1)
Restriction and Dependency
Hardware/NEs/Transmission
None
Other Features
None
License
Feature ID
Feature Name
FOFD-030201
mmWave 3D Coverage Pattern
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Model
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NE
Sales Unit
gNodeB
Per Cell
4. Usage Instructions (1)
Recommended Scenario


Basic beam management is a basic function and needs to be configured during network
deployment. It is enabled by default.
mmWave 3D coverage pattern is selected as required for sites deployed in high frequency bands.
Feature Activation

Enabling the capacity scenario for mmWave 3D coverage pattern (using a single sector
with four DU cells as an example)
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=1;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=2;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=3;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=0, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_101;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_101;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=2, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_101;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=3, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_101;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=1;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=2;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=3;
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4. Usage Instructions (2)
Feature Activation

Enabling the coverage scenario for mmWave 3D coverage pattern (using a
single sector with four DU cells as an example)
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=1;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=2;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=3;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=0, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_102;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_102;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=2, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_102;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=3, CoverageScenario=SCENARIO_102;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=1;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=2;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=3;
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4. Usage Instructions (3)
Feature Deactivation

Disabling mmWave 3D coverage pattern (using a single sector with four DU cells
as an example)
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=1;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=2;
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=3;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=0, CoverageScenario=DEFAULT;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, CoverageScenario=DEFAULT;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=2, CoverageScenario=DEFAULT;
MOD NRDUCELLTRPMMWAVBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=3, CoverageScenario=DEFAULT;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=1;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=2;
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=3;
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5. Activation Verification (1)
Activation Verification


When the capacity scenario is selected, the value of N.DL.PDSCH.Tti.Num increases.
When the coverage scenario is selected, the value of N.DL.PDSCH.Tti.Num decreases.
Counter
Counter Name
Counter ID
Description
N.DL.PDSCH.Tti.Num
1911820492
Total number of downlink PDSCH TTIs
N.PRB.DL.Avail.Avg
1911816679
Average number of available downlink PRBs
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5. Activation Verification (2)
Cell-level external CHR: The number of UEs using CSI-RS beams and traffic in the uplink and downlink are measured.
External CHR Event Name
Event & Parameter Description
PERIOD_PRIVATE_BEAM_TRAFFIC CELL
Downlink traffic volume at the MAC layer, including the traffic volume of
initial transmissions and retransmissions, is measured by cell-level
beam. The value for unused beams is invalid.
PERIOD_PRIVATE_BEAM_SYN_UE_NUM
The number of synchronized UEs using static beams are measured.
Each UE is counted only in its best beams.
Performance monitoring: ID and RSRP of the best CSI-RS beams for each TRX in high frequency bands
Performance Monitoring Item (U2020)
Feature Name
Description
TRX0DlOptBeamID
TRX0_DlOptBeamID
ID of the best downlink beam at the detection reporting time
TRX0DlOptBeamRsrp
TRX0_DlOptBeamRsrp
RSRP of the best downlink beam at the detection reporting time
TRX0UlOptBeamID
TRX0_UlOptBeamID
ID of the best downlink beam at the detection reporting time
TRX0UlOptBeamRsrp
TRX0_UlOptBeamRsrp
RSRP of the best downlink beam at the detection reporting time
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Thank you
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