The Roles of Multinational
Corporations, International
Governmental Organizations, and
International Nongovernmental
Organizations in Promoting
Economic Globalization
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
refers to the increasing
interdependence of world
economies due to the
growing scale of cross-border
trade of commodities and
services, the flow of
international capital, and the
rapid spread of technologies
(Shangquan, 2000).
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
(MNCs) are business organizations
operating in more than one
country (Miller, 2012).
EXAMPLES: Apple, Amazon,
Microsoft, Alibaba, Lenovo, etc.
Roles of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
IDEALLY
REALISTICALLY
Market Expansion
Exploitation and Inequality
Technology Transfer
Tax Avoidance
Job Creation
Resource Utilization
Access to Capital
Cultural Exchange
Environmental Impact
Market Dominance
Global Economic
Imbalances
Cultural Homogenization
INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (IGOs) are entities
created with sufficient organizational
structure and autonomy to provide
formal, ongoing, multilateral processes
of decision-making between states,
along with the capacity to execute the
collective will of their member states
(Volgy et al., 2008).
EXAMPLES:
1. World Trade Organization (WTO)
2. World Bank
3. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
4. European Union (EU)
5. Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD)
Roles of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
IDEALLY
REALISTICALLY
Global Cooperation
Power Imbalances
Economic stability
Conditionality and Austerity
Trade Facilitation
Inefficiency and
Development Assistance
Bureaucracy
Standardization and
Limited Representation
Regulation
Environmental Impact
Conflict Resolution
Policy Influence
INTERNATIONAL NONGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (INGOs) are nonprofit,
civil society organizations with goals of
shaping societal norms and providing
goods or services across national borders
with efficiency and effectiveness
normally prized above political rationale
(Sinclair, 2013; Weiss, 2013; Weiss &
Wilkinson, 2014; Willetts, 2011).
EXAMPLES:
1. World Economic Forum
2. Ashoka
3. TechnoServe
4. CARE International
5. Microedit Summit Campaign
Roles of International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs)
IDEALLY
REALISTICALLY
Advocacy
Limited Resources
Poverty Alleviation
Dependency on Funding
Environmental Conservation
Empowerment of Marginalized
Communities
Transparency and Accountability
Fragmentation and
Competition
Cultural Insensitivity
Crisis Response and
Political Influence
Humanitarian Aid
Effective Challenges
Are multinational corporations,
international governmental
organizations, and international nongovernmental organizations heading
towards an economically globalized
world that fosters “equitable
development“ and “sustainable
prosperity“ for all?
Thank you
very much!