Skeletal System Cheat Sheet by ally_rose via cheatography.com/144074/cs/30942/ 7 Functions of Bones Types of Bone Fractures Axial Skeleton Vs. Appendicular Skeleton Support Comminuted Compression Axial Bones provide Framework that supports the Bone fragments into Bone is crushed body and cradles its soft organs three or more Long axis of the body and Bones of the Protection pieces includes the bones of the upper and Fused bones of the skull protect the brain Spiral Epiphyseal skull, vertebral column, lower limbs Anchorage Ragged break separates from the and rib cage and the girdles occurs when diaphysis along the excessive twisting spiphyseal plate Skeletal muscles which attach to bones by tendons use bones as levers to move Mineral Storage Appendicular Skeleton Compact and Spongy Bone compact Bone force are applied External layer of the bone, is dense and Depression Greenstick Broken bone portion Bone break is is pressed inward incomplete, much in Spongy bone Hematopoiesis occurs in the red marrow of the way a green twig certain bones Honeycomb like structure inside of compact breaks bone that is called trabeculae and its filled Bone stores calcium and phosphate Blood cell formation Fat storage looks smooth and solid to the naked eye with red and yellow marrow A source of energy for the body. Is stored as yellow marrow in cavities of long bone Classification of Joints Fibrous Cartil‐ synovial aginous Hormone production (osteocalcin) Part of Long bone Explination Epiphelysis is another name for the bone Adjoining Adjoining Adjoingin end of the long bone. When someone is bones united bone nited bone growing, their Epiphyseal plate works to expenditure by collagen by covered extend the bone. (this mostly happens in fibers. Suture cartilage: with adolescent years). When someone gets to Types of bone cells and their derivation (short fibers)- Syncon‐ articular the age where this stops, the epiphyseal immobile drosis cartilage. line forms which is basically the remnant of Syndes‐ (hyaline) Areas: the epiphyseal plate Hormone that helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and energy Osteoprogenitor Cells Stem cells. omosis (long immobile Plane, Osteoblasts fibers) slightly Symphysis hinge, Chemical Composition of Bone Matrix synthesizing cell. Responsible for movable and (fibrocar‐ Pivot, immobile tilage) condylar, Organic Components Slightly saddle, ball movable and socket bone growth Osteocyte mature bone cell. Monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix Inorganic components Bone cells and osteoid- Mineral salts- allow it to resist tension allow to resist (stretch) compression osteoclast Bone-resorbing cell By ally_rose Published 28th February, 2022. Sponsored by Readable.com cheatography.com/ally-rose/ Last updated 28th February, 2022. Measure your website readability! Page 1 of 2. https://readable.com Skeletal System Cheat Sheet by ally_rose via cheatography.com/144074/cs/30942/ Postnatal Bone Growth Long Bone (cont) Synovial Joint 1) Resting Zone 2) Proliferation Zone: The bone ends: outer shell of compact bone articular cartilage cartilage cells undergo mitosis 3) Hypert‐ that forms the epiphysis exterior and the rophic Zone: Older cartilage cells enlarge 4) interior contains spongy bone. Thin layer of glassy smooth hyaline cartilage covers the Calcification Zone: Matrix becomes hyaline cartilage covers the joint surface calcified; cartilage cells die; matrix begins which cushions opposite ends of the bones deteriorating 5) Ossification Zone: New Membranes bone is forming Periosteum. covers the external surface of the bone and contains lots of nerve vessels Fibrous Joints which why it makes breaking a bone so Suture Sundesmosis Gomphosis painful Joint held joint held peg in Endosteum together together by a socket with very ligament. fibrous joint short, Fibrous tissue interconn‐ can vary in ecting length but is fivers longer than in suture covers the internal bone surface. it covers the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals that pass through the compact bone Nutrient Foramen Endochondral Intramembranous movement ( movement in one lace) Biaxial ossification ossification movement (movement in two lanes. multir‐ bone develops by a bone develops from acial (movement in or around all three replacing hyaline a fibrous membrane places space and axes cartilage which and theh bone is leads to endoch‐ called a membranous ondral bone bone Diaphysis Shaft: forms the long axis of the bone that surrounds the medullary cavity, which contains no bone tissue, but yellow bone marrow Articular capsule enclosed by a two layered joint capsule. A tough external fibrous slayer composed of dense irregular connective tissue that is lating bone reinforcing ligaments reinforced and strengthen by a number of sandlike ligaments. bone marrow and the spongy bone Nonaxial movement: Gliding uniaxial Shaft, bone ends, membranes contains a small amount of synovial fluid Nutrient artery runs inward to supply the Bone Growth Structure of long bone Joint cavity continuous with the periostea of the articu‐ range of motions allowed by Synovial joint Long Bone opposing bone surface How the bone Grows Fetus to adolescence 1) Bone collar forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model 2) Cartilage calcifies in the Center of the diaphysis and then develops cavities 3) the periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone forms 4) The diaphysis elongates and Epiphyses a medullary cavity forms. Secondary ossifi‐ cation centers appears in the epiphyses 5) The epiphyses ossify when ossification is complete, hyaline cartilage remains only in teh epiphyses plates and articular cartilage By ally_rose Published 28th February, 2022. Sponsored by Readable.com cheatography.com/ally-rose/ Last updated 28th February, 2022. Measure your website readability! Page 2 of 2. https://readable.com
