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Baltimore
Baltimore (/ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or, locally: /ˌbɔːldɪˈmɔːr/
BAWL-dih-MOR or /ˈbɔːlmər/ BAWL-mər[14]) is the most populous
city in the U.S. state of Maryland. With a population of 585,708 at
the 2020 census, it is the 30th-most populous city in the United
States.[15] Baltimore was designated an independent city by the
Constitution of Maryland[a] in 1851, and is currently the most
populous independent city in the nation. As of the 2020 census,
the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated
to be 2,838,327, making it the 20th-largest metropolitan area in
the country.[16] When combined with the larger Washington
metropolitan area, the Washington–Baltimore
combined
statistical area (CSA) has a 2020 U.S. census population of
9,973,383, the third-largest in the country.[16]
The land that is now Baltimore was used as hunting ground by
Paleo-Indians. In the early 1600s, the Susquehannock began to
hunt there.[17] People from the Province of Maryland established
the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with
Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729.
In the mid-18th century, the first printing press and newspapers
were introduced to Baltimore by Nicholas Hasselbach and
William Goddard. During the American Revolutionary War, the
Second Continental Congress, fleeing Philadelphia prior to the
city's fall to British troops, moved their deliberations to Henry
Fite House on West Baltimore Street from December 20, 1776, to
February 27, 1777, permitting Baltimore to serve briefly as the
nation's capital before the capital returned to Independence Hall
in Philadelphia on March 5, 1777.
The Battle of Baltimore was a pivotal engagement during the War
of 1812, culminating in the failed British bombardment of Fort
McHenry, during which Francis Scott Key wrote a poem that
would become "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was eventually
designated as the American national anthem in 1931.[18] During
the Pratt Street Riot of 1861, the city was the site of some of the
earliest violence associated with the American Civil War.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the nation's oldest railroad,
was built in 1830 and cemented Baltimore's status as a major
transportation hub, giving producers in the Midwest and
Appalachia access to the city's port. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was
once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the
United States. In addition, Baltimore was a major manufacturing
center.[19] After a decline in major manufacturing, heavy
industry, and restructuring of the rail industry, Baltimore has
Baltimore
Independent city
The Inner Harbor skyline
Fell's Point
Emerson
Tower
Oriole Park at Camden
Yards
Washington and Lafayette
Monuments
National Aquarium
Flag
Seal
Nicknames: Charm City;[1] B'more;[2]
Mobtown[3]
Motto(s): "The Greatest City in America",[1] "Get
in on it.",[1] "Believe"[4]
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shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins Hospital
and Johns Hopkins University are the city's top two employers.
[20] Baltimore and its surrounding region are home to the
headquarters of a number of major organizations and
government agencies, including the NAACP, ABET, the National
Federation of the Blind, Catholic Relief Services, the Annie E.
Casey Foundation, World Relief, the Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services, and the Social Security Administration.
Baltimore is also home to the Baltimore Orioles of Major League
Baseball and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football
League.
Many of Baltimore's neighborhoods have rich histories. The city is
home to some of the earliest National Register Historic Districts
in the nation, including Fell's Point, Federal Hill, and Mount
Vernon. These were added to the National Register between 1969
and 1971, soon after historic preservation legislation was passed.
Baltimore has more public statues and monuments per capita
than any other city in the country.[21] Nearly one third of the city's
buildings (over 65,000) are designated as historic in the National
Register, which is more than any other U.S. city.[22][23] Baltimore
has 66 National Register Historic Districts and 33 local historic
districts.[22] The historical records of the government of
Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives.
History
Pre-settlement
The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since
at least the 10th millennium BC, when Paleo-Indians first settled
in the region.[24] One Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic
period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been
identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland
period.[24] In December 2021, several Woodland period Native
American artifacts were found in Herring Run Park in northeast
Baltimore, dating 5,000 to 9,000 years ago. The finding followed
a period of dormancy in Baltimore City archaeological findings
which had persisted since the 1980s.[25] During the Late
Woodland period, the archaeological culture known as the
Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore south
to the Rappahannock River in present-day Virginia.[26]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Interactive map of Baltimore
Baltimore
Location in Maryland
Show map of Maryland
Show map of the United States
Show all
Coordinates: 39°17′22″N 76°36′55″W
Country
State
City
Historic colony
County
United States
Maryland
Baltimore
Province of Maryland
None (Independent city)
Founded
Incorporated
Independent city
Named for
August 8, 1729
1796–1797
1851
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron
Baltimore
Government
• Type
• Body
• Mayor
• City Council
Mayor–council
Baltimore City Council
Brandon Scott (D)
[show]
Council
members
▪ Nick Mosby
(President)
▪ Zeke Cohen (1)
▪ Danielle McCray (2)
▪ Ryan Dorsey (3)
Etymology
▪ Mark Conway (4)
The city is named after Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore,[27] an
English peer, member of the Irish House of Lords and founding
proprietor of the Province of Maryland.[28][29] The Calverts took
the title Barons Baltimore from Baltimore Manor, an English
Plantation estate they were granted in County Longford, Ireland.
▪ Isaac "Yitzy" Schleifer
(5)
▪ Sharon Green
Middleton (6)
▪ James Torrence (7)
▪ Kristerfer Burnett (8)
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[29][30]
Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí
Mhóir, meaning "town of the big house".[29]
▪ John T. Bullock (9)
▪ Phylicia Porter (10)
▪ Eric Costello (11)
▪ Robert Stokes Sr. (12)
17th century
In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was sparsely
populated, if at all, by Native Americans. The Baltimore County
area northward was used as hunting grounds by the
Susquehannock living in the lower Susquehanna River valley.
This Iroquoian-speaking people "controlled all of the upper
tributaries of the Chesapeake" but "refrained from much contact
with Powhatan in the Potomac region" and south into Virginia.[31]
Pressured by the Susquehannock, the Piscataway tribe, an
Algonquian-speaking people, stayed well south of the Baltimore
area and inhabited primarily the north bank of the Potomac River
in what are now Charles and southern Prince George's counties in
the coastal areas south of the Fall Line.[32][33][34]
European colonization of Maryland began in earnest with the
arrival of the merchant ship The Ark carrying 140 colonists at St.
Clement's Island in the Potomac River on March 25, 1634.[35]
Europeans then began to settle the area further north, in what is
now Baltimore County.[36] Since Maryland was a colony,
Baltimore's streets were named to show loyalty to the mother
country, e.g. King, Queen, King George and Caroline streets.[37]
The original county seat, known today as Old Baltimore, was
located on Bush River within the present-day Aberdeen Proving
Ground.[38][39][40] The colonists engaged in sporadic warfare
with the Susquehannock, whose numbers dwindled primarily
from new infectious diseases, such as smallpox, endemic among
the Europeans.[36] In 1661 David Jones claimed the area known
today as Jonestown on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream.[41]
▪ Antonio Glover (13)
▪ Odette Ramos (14)
• Houses of
Delegates
The first printing press was introduced to the city in 1765 by
Nicholas Hasselbach, whose equipment was later used in the
printing of Baltimore's first newspapers, The Maryland Journal
and The Baltimore Advertiser, first published by William
▪ Marlon Amprey (40)
(D)
▪ Frank M. Conaway Jr.
(40) (D)
▪ Melissa Wells (40) (D)
▪ Dalya Attar (41) (D)
▪ Samuel I. Rosenberg
(41) (D)
▪ Malcolm Ruff (41) (D)
▪ Regina T. Boyce (43A)
(D)
▪ Elizabeth Embry (43A)
(D)
▪ Jackie Addison (45)
(D)
▪ Stephanie M. Smith
(45) (D)
▪ Caylin Young (45) (D)
▪ Luke Clippinger (46)
(D)
▪ Mark Edelson (46) (D)
▪ Robbyn Lewis (46) (D)
• State Senate
[show]
State senators
▪ Antonio Hayes (40)
(D)
▪ Jill P. Carter (41) (D)
▪ Mary Washington (43)
(D)
18th century
The colonial General Assembly of Maryland created the Port of
Baltimore at old Whetstone Point, now Locust Point, in 1706 for
the tobacco trade. The Town of Baltimore, on the west side of the
Jones Falls, was founded on August 8, 1729, when the Governor
of Maryland signed an act allowing "the building of a Town on the
North side of the Patapsco River." Surveyors began laying out the
town on January 12, 1730. By 1752 the town had just 27 homes,
including a church and two taverns.[37] Jonestown and Fells Point
had been settled to the east. The three settlements, covering 60
acres (24 ha), became a commercial hub, and in 1768 were
designated as the county seat.[42]
[show]
Delegates
▪ Cory V. McCray (45)
(D)
▪ Bill Ferguson (46) (D)
Area[5]
• Independent
city
• Land
• Water
Elevation[6]
Population (2020)
• Independent
city
• Estimate (2021)
[7]
• Rank
92.05 sq mi (238.41 km2)
80.95 sq mi (209.65 km2)
11.10 sq mi (28.76 km2)
12.1%
0–480 ft (0–150 m)
585,708
576,498
76th in North America
30th in the United States
1st in Maryland
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Goddard in 1773.[43][44][45]
• Density
Baltimore grew swiftly in the 18th century, its plantations
producing grain and tobacco for sugar-producing colonies in the
Caribbean. The profit from sugar encouraged the cultivation of
cane in the Caribbean and the importation of food by planters
there.[46] Since Baltimore was the county seat, a courthouse was
built in 1768 to serve both the city and county. Its square was a
center of community meetings and discussions.
• Urban[8]
• Urban density
Baltimore established its public market system in 1763.[47]
Lexington Market, founded in 1782, is one of the oldest
continuously operating public markets in the United States today.
[48] Lexington Market was also a center of slave trading. Enslaved
Black people were sold at numerous sites through the downtown
area, with sales advertised in The Baltimore Sun.[49] Both tobacco
and sugar cane were labor-intensive crops.
In 1774, Baltimore established the first post office system in what
became the United States,[50] and the first water company
chartered in the newly independent nation, Baltimore Water
Company, 1792.[51][52]
Baltimore played a part in the American Revolution. City leaders
such as Jonathan Plowman Jr. led many residents to resist British
taxes, and merchants signed agreements refusing to trade with
Britain.[53] The Second Continental Congress met in the Henry
Fite House from December 1776 to February 1777, effectively
making the city the capital of the United States during this period.
[54]
• Metro[9]
7,235.43/sq mi (2,793.74/
km2)
2,212,038 (US: 20th)
3,377.5/sq mi (1,304.1/
km2)
2,844,510 (US: 20th)
Demonym
Baltimorean[10]
GDP[11][12]
• Independent
city
• Baltimore
(MSA)
$54.9 billion (2022)
$241.4 billion (2022)
Time zone
• Summer (DST)
UTC−5 (EST)
UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
ZIP Codes[13]
[show]
21201–21231, 21233–
21237, 21239–21241,
21244, 21250–21252,
21263–21265, 21268,
21270, 21273–21275,
21278–21290, 21297–
21298
Area codes
410, 443, and 667
Congressional
districts
GNIS feature ID
2nd, 7th
Website
City of Baltimore (http://w
ww.baltimorecity.gov/)
597040 (https://geoname
s.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/
f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FI
D:597040)
Baltimore, Jonestown, and Fells Point were incorporated as the City of
Baltimore in 1796–1797.
19th century
The city remained a part of surrounding Baltimore County and continued to
serve as its county seat from 1768 to 1851, after which it became an
independent city.[57]
Baltimore, then known as Baltimore
Town, in 1752
The Battle of Baltimore against the British in 1814 inspired the U.S. national
anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner", and the construction of the Battle Monument, which became the city's
official emblem. A distinctive local culture started to take shape, and a unique skyline peppered with churches
and monuments developed. Baltimore acquired its moniker "The Monumental City" after an 1827 visit to
Baltimore by President John Quincy Adams. At an evening function, Adams gave the following toast: "Baltimore:
the Monumental City—May the days of her safety be as prosperous and happy, as the days of her dangers have
been trying and triumphant."[58][59]
Baltimore pioneered the use of gas lighting in 1816, and its population grew rapidly in the following decades,
with concomitant development of culture and infrastructure. The construction of the federally funded National
Road, which later became part of U.S. Route 40, and the private Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B. & O.) made
Baltimore a major shipping and manufacturing center by linking the city with major markets in the Midwest. By
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1820 its population had reached 60,000, and its economy had shifted from
its base in tobacco plantations to sawmilling, shipbuilding, and textile
production. These industries benefited from war but successfully shifted into
infrastructure development during peacetime.[60]
Baltimore had one of the worst riots of the antebellum South in 1835, when
bad investments led to the Baltimore bank riot.[61] It was these riots that led
to the city being nicknamed "Mobtown".[62] Soon after the city created the
world's first dental college, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, in 1840,
and shared in the world's first telegraph line, between Baltimore and
Washington, D.C., in 1844.
Maryland, a slave state with limited popular support for secession, especially
in the three counties of Southern Maryland, remained part of the Union
during the American Civil War, following the 55–12 vote by the Maryland
General Assembly against secession. Later, the Union's strategic occupation
of the city in 1861 ensured Maryland would not further consider secession.
[63][64] The Union's capital of Washington, D.C. was well-situated to impede
Baltimore and Maryland's communication or commerce with the
Confederacy. Baltimore experienced some of the first casualties of Civil War
on April 19, 1861, when Union Army soldiers en route from President Street
Station to Camden Yards clashed with a secessionist mob in the Pratt Street
riot.
In the midst of the Long Depression that followed the Panic of 1873, the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company attempted to lower its workers' wages,
leading to strikes and riots in the city and beyond. Strikers clashed with the
National Guard, leaving 10 dead and 25 wounded.[65] The beginnings of
settlement movement work in Baltimore were made early in 1893, when Rev.
Edward A. Lawrence took up lodgings with his friend Frank Thompson, in
one of the Winans tenements, the Lawrence House being established shortly
thereafter at 814-816 West Lombard Street.[66][67]
An American flag flying at Fort
McHenry following the fort's
bombing by the Royal Navy in the
Battle of Baltimore in 1814 inspired
Francis Scott Key to write the poem
that later became the "Star
Spangled Banner".[55]
The Battle Monument, the official
emblem of Baltimore
20th century
On February 7, 1904, the Great Baltimore Fire destroyed over 1,500 buildings
in 30 hours, leaving more than 70 blocks of the downtown area burned to the
ground. Damages were estimated at $150 million in 1904 dollars.[68] As the
city rebuilt during the next two years, lessons learned from the fire led to
improvements in firefighting equipment standards.[69]
Baltimore lawyer Milton Dashiell advocated for an ordinance to bar AfricanAmericans from moving into the Eutaw Place neighborhood in northwest
Baltimore. He proposed to recognize majority white residential blocks and
majority black residential blocks and to prevent people from moving into
housing on such blocks where they would be a minority. The Baltimore
Council passed the ordinance, and it became law on December 20, 1910, with
Democratic Mayor J. Barry Mahool's signature.[70] The Baltimore
segregation ordinance was the first of its kind in the United States. Many
other southern cities followed with their own segregation ordinances, though
the US Supreme Court ruled against them in Buchanan v. Warley (1917).[71]
The 6th Cavalry Regiment fighting
railroad strikers in Baltimore on July
20, 1877[56]
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The city grew in area by annexing new suburbs from the surrounding
counties through 1918, when the city acquired portions of Baltimore County
and Anne Arundel County.[72] A state constitutional amendment, approved
in 1948, required a special vote of the citizens in any proposed annexation
area, effectively preventing any future expansion of the city's boundaries.[73]
Streetcars enabled the development of distant neighborhoods areas such as
Edmonson Village whose residents could easily commute to work downtown.
[74]
Driven by migration from the deep South and by white suburbanization, the
relative size of the city's black population grew from 23.8% in 1950 to 46.4%
in 1970.[75] Encouraged by real estate blockbusting techniques, recently
settled white areas rapidly became all-black neighborhoods, in a rapid
process which was nearly total by 1970.[76]
The Great Baltimore Fire in 1904
photographed from Pratt and Gay
streets in Baltimore; the fire
destroyed over 1,500 Baltimore
buildings in 30 hours.
The Baltimore riot of 1968, coinciding with uprisings in other cities, followed the assassination of Martin Luther
King Jr. on April 4, 1968. Public order was not restored until April 12, 1968. The Baltimore uprising cost the city
an estimated $10 million (US$ 84 million in 2024). A total of 12,000 Maryland National Guard and federal
troops were ordered into the city.[77] The city experienced challenges again in 1974 when teachers, municipal
workers, and police officers conducted strikes.[78]
By the beginning of the 1970s, Baltimore's downtown area, known as the Inner Harbor, had been neglected and
was occupied by a collection of abandoned warehouses. The nickname "Charm City" came from a 1975 meeting of
advertisers seeking to improve the city's reputation.[79][80] Efforts to redevelop the area started with the
construction of the Maryland Science Center, which opened in 1976, the Baltimore World Trade Center (1977),
and the Baltimore Convention Center (1979). Harborplace, an urban retail and restaurant complex, opened on
the waterfront in 1980, followed by the National Aquarium, Maryland's largest tourist destination, and the
Baltimore Museum of Industry in 1981. In 1995, the city opened the American Visionary Art Museum on Federal
Hill. During the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the United States, Baltimore City Health Department official Robert
Mehl persuaded the city's mayor to form a committee to address food problems. The Baltimore-based charity
Moveable Feast grew out of this initiative in 1990.[81][82][83]
In 1992, the Baltimore Orioles baseball team moved from Memorial Stadium to Oriole Park at Camden Yards,
located downtown near the harbor. Pope John Paul II held an open-air mass at Camden Yards during his papal
visit to the United States in October 1995. Three years later the Baltimore Ravens football team moved into M&T
Bank Stadium next to Camden Yards.[84]
Baltimore has had a high homicide rate for several decades, peaking in 1993, and again in 2015.[85][86] These
deaths have taken an especially severe toll within the black community.[87] Following the death of Freddie Gray
in April 2015, the city experienced major protests and international media attention, as well as a clash between
local youth and police that resulted in a state of emergency declaration and a curfew.[88]
21st century
Baltimore has seen the reopening of the Hippodrome Theatre in 2004,[89] the opening of the Reginald F. Lewis
Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture in 2005, and the establishment of the National Slavic
Museum in 2012. On April 12, 2012, Johns Hopkins held a dedication ceremony to mark the completion of one of
the United States' largest medical complexes – the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore – which features the
Sheikh Zayed Cardiovascular and Critical Care Tower and The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center. The
event, held at the entrance to the $1.1 billion 1.6 million-square-foot-facility, honored the many donors including
Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, first president of the United Arab Emirates, and Michael Bloomberg.[90][91]
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In September 2016, the Baltimore City Council approved a $660 million bond deal for the $5.5 billion Port
Covington redevelopment project championed by Under Armour founder Kevin Plank and his real estate
company Sagamore Development. Port Covington surpassed the Harbor Point development as the largest taxincrement financing deal in Baltimore's history and among the largest urban redevelopment projects in the
country.[92] The waterfront development that includes the new headquarters for Under Armour, as well as shops,
housing, offices, and manufacturing spaces is projected to create 26,500 permanent jobs with a $4.3 billion
annual economic impact.[93] Goldman Sachs invested $233 million into the redevelopment project.[94]
In the early hours of March 26, 2024, the city's 1.6-mile-long (2.6 km) Francis Scott Key Bridge was struck by a
container ship and partially collapsed. A major rescue operation was launched with US authorities attempting to
rescue at least seven people whose vehicles fell into the water.[95] Six construction workers, who were working on
the bridge at the time, fell into the Patapsco River.
Geography
Baltimore is in north-central Maryland on the Patapsco River, close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay.
The city is located on the fall line between the Piedmont Plateau and the Atlantic coastal plain, which divides
Baltimore into "lower city" and "upper city". The city's elevation ranges from sea level at the harbor to 480 feet
(150 m) in the northwest corner near Pimlico.[6]
According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 92.1 square miles (239 km2), of which 80.9 sq mi
(210 km2) is land and 11.1 sq mi (29 km2) is water.[96] The total area is 12.1 percent water.
Baltimore is almost surrounded by Baltimore County, but is politically independent of it. It is bordered by Anne
Arundel County to the south.
Cityscape
A panoramic view of Baltimore in September 2016, including the Inner and Outer Harbors at dusk, seen from HarborView
Condominium
Architecture
Baltimore exhibits examples from each period of architecture over more than two centuries, and work from
architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, George A. Frederick, John Russell Pope, Mies van der Rohe, and I. M. Pei.
Baltimore is rich in architecturally significant buildings in a variety of styles. The Baltimore Basilica (1806–1821)
is a neoclassical design by Benjamin Latrobe, and one of the oldest Catholic cathedrals in the United States. In
1813, Robert Cary Long Sr. built for Rembrandt Peale the first substantial structure in the United States designed
expressly as a museum. Restored, it is now the Municipal Museum of Baltimore, or popularly the Peale Museum.
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The McKim Free School was founded and endowed by John McKim. The
building was erected by his son Isaac in 1822 after a design by William
Howard and William Small. It reflects the popular interest in Greece when
the nation was securing its independence and a scholarly interest in recently
published drawings of Athenian antiquities.
The Phoenix Shot Tower (1828), at 234.25 feet (71.40 m) tall, was the tallest
building in the United States until the time of the Civil War, and is one of few
remaining structures of its kind.[97] It was constructed without the use of
exterior scaffolding. The Sun Iron Building, designed by R.C. Hatfield in
1851, was the city's first iron-front building and was a model for a whole
generation of downtown buildings. Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church,
built in 1870 in memory of financier George Brown, has stained glass
windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany and has been called "one of the most
significant buildings in this city, a treasure of art and architecture" by
Baltimore magazine.[98][99]
An Italianate rowhouse clad in
formstone in West Baltimore
The 1845 Greek Revival-style Lloyd Street Synagogue is one of the oldest
synagogues in the United States. The Johns Hopkins Hospital, designed by
Lt. Col. John S. Billings in 1876, was a considerable achievement for its day in functional arrangement and
fireproofing.
I.M. Pei's World Trade Center (1977) is the tallest equilateral pentagonal building in the world at 405 feet
(123 m) tall.
The Harbor East area has seen the addition of two new towers which have completed construction: a 24-floor
tower that is the new world headquarters of Legg Mason, and a 21-floor Four Seasons Hotel complex.
The streets of Baltimore are organized in a grid and spoke pattern, lined with tens of thousands of rowhouses.
The mix of materials on the face of these rowhouses also give Baltimore its distinct look. The rowhouses are a
mix of brick and formstone facings, a technology patented in 1937 by Albert Knight. John Waters characterized
formstone as "the polyester of brick" in a 30-minute documentary film, Little Castles: A Formstone
Phenomenon.[100] In The Baltimore Rowhouse, Mary Ellen Hayward and Charles Belfoure considered the
rowhouse as the architectural form defining Baltimore as "perhaps no other American city".[101] In the
mid-1790s, developers began building entire neighborhoods of the British-style rowhouses, which became the
dominant house type of the city early in the 19th century.[102]
Oriole Park at Camden Yards is a Major League Baseball park, which opened in 1992 and was built as a retro
style baseball park. Along with the National Aquarium, Camden Yards have helped revive the Inner Harbor area
from what once was an exclusively industrial district full of dilapidated warehouses into a bustling commercial
district full of bars, restaurants, and retail establishments.
After an international competition, the University of Baltimore School of Law awarded the German firm
Behnisch Architekten 1st prize for its design, which was selected for the school's new home. After the building's
opening in 2013, the design won additional honors including an ENR National "Best of the Best" Award.[103]
Baltimore's newly rehabilitated Everyman Theatre was honored by the Baltimore Heritage at the 2013
Preservation Awards Celebration in 2013. Everyman Theatre will receive an Adaptive Reuse and Compatible
Design Award as part of Baltimore Heritage's 2013 historic preservation awards ceremony. Baltimore Heritage is
Baltimore's nonprofit historic and architectural preservation organization, which works to preserve and promote
Baltimore's historic buildings and neighborhoods.[104]
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Tallest buildings
Rank
Building
Height
Floors
Built
1
Transamerica Tower (formerly the Legg Mason Building, originally built as
the U.S. Fidelity and Guarantee Co. Building)[105]
529 feet
(161 m)
40
1973
[106]
2
Bank of America Building (originally built as Baltimore Trust Building, later
Sullivan, Mathieson, Md. Nat. Bank, NationsBank Bldgs.)
509 feet
(155 m)
37
1929
[107]
3
414 Light Street
500 feet
(152 m)
44
2018
[108]
4
William Donald Schaefer Tower (originally built as the Merritt S. & L. Tower)
493 feet
(150 m)
37
1992
[109]
5
Commerce Place (Alex. Brown & Sons/Deutsche Bank Tower)
454 feet
(138 m)
31
1992
[110]
6
Baltimore Marriott Waterfront Hotel
430 feet
(131 m)
32
2001
[111]
7
100 East Pratt Street (originally built as the I.B.M. Building)
418 feet
(127 m)
28
1975/1992
[112]
8
Baltimore World Trade Center
405 feet
(123 m)
28
1977
[113]
9
Tremont Plaza Hotel
395 feet
(120 m)
37
1967
[114]
10
Charles Towers South
385 feet
(117 m)
30
1969
[115]
Neighborhoods
Baltimore is officially divided into nine geographical regions: North,
Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, Northwest, and Central,
with each district patrolled by a respective Baltimore Police Department.
Interstate 83 and Charles Street down to Hanover Street and Ritchie
Highway serve as the east–west dividing line and Eastern Avenue to Route
40 as the north–south dividing line; however, Baltimore Street is north–
south dividing line for the U.S. Postal Service.[116]
Central Baltimore
Central Baltimore, originally called the Middle District,[117] stretches north of
the Inner Harbor up to the edge of Druid Hill Park. Downtown Baltimore has
mainly served as a commercial district with limited residential opportunities;
A map of Baltimore's designated
however, between 2000 and 2010, the downtown population grew 130
neighborhoods
percent as old commercial properties have been replaced by residential
property.[118] Still the city's main commercial area and business district, it
includes Baltimore's sports complexes: Oriole Park at Camden Yards, M&T Bank Stadium, and the Royal Farms
Arena; and the shops and attractions in the Inner Harbor: Harborplace, the Baltimore Convention Center, the
National Aquarium, Maryland Science Center, Pier Six Pavilion, and Power Plant Live.[116]
The University of Maryland, Baltimore, the University of Maryland Medical Center, and Lexington Market are
also in the central district, as well as the Hippodrome and many nightclubs, bars, restaurants, shopping centers
and various other attractions.[116][117] The northern portion of Central Baltimore, between downtown and the
Druid Hill Park, is home to many of the city's cultural opportunities. Maryland Institute College of Art, the
Peabody Institute (music conservatory), George Peabody Library, Enoch Pratt Free Library – Central Library, the
Lyric Opera House, the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, the Walters Art Museum, the Maryland Center for
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History and Culture and its Enoch Pratt Mansion, and several galleries are located in this region.[119]
North Baltimore
Several historic and notable neighborhoods are in this district: Govans
(1755), Roland Park (1891), Guilford (1913), Homeland (1924), Hampden,
Woodberry, Old Goucher (the original campus of Goucher College), and
Jones Falls. Along the York Road corridor going north are the large
neighborhoods of Charles Village, Waverly, and Mount Washington. The
Station North Arts and Entertainment District is also located in North
Baltimore.[120]
South Baltimore
South Baltimore, a mixed industrial and residential area, consists of the "Old
South Baltimore" peninsula below the Inner Harbor and east of the old B&O
Railroad's Camden line tracks and Russell Street downtown. It is a culturally,
ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse waterfront area with
neighborhoods such as Locust Point and Riverside around a large park of the
same name.[121] Just south of the Inner Harbor, the historic Federal Hill
neighborhood, is home to many working professionals, pubs and restaurants.
At the end of the peninsula is historic Fort McHenry, a National Park since
the end of World War I, when the old U.S. Army Hospital surrounding the
1798 star-shaped battlements was torn down.[122]
Across the Hanover Street Bridge are residential areas such as Cherry Hill.
Baltimore's Sherwood Gardens
neighborhood
Rowhouses in Baltimore's Federal
Hill neighborhood
[123]
Northeast Baltimore
Northeast is primarily a residential neighborhood, home to Morgan State University, bounded by the city line of
1919 on its northern and eastern boundaries, Sinclair Lane, Erdman Avenue, and Pulaski Highway to the south
and The Alameda on to the west. Also in this wedge of the city on 33rd Street is Baltimore City College high
school, third oldest active public secondary school in the United States, founded downtown in 1839.[124] Across
Loch Raven Boulevard is the former site of the old Memorial Stadium home of the Baltimore Colts, Baltimore
Orioles, and Baltimore Ravens, now replaced by a YMCA athletic and housing complex.[125][126] Lake Montebello
is in Northeast Baltimore.[117]
East Baltimore
Located below Sinclair Lane and Erdman Avenue, above Orleans Street, East Baltimore is mainly made up of
residential neighborhoods. This section of East Baltimore is home to Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, and Johns Hopkins Children's Center on Broadway. Notable neighborhoods
include: Armistead Gardens, Broadway East, Barclay, Ellwood Park, Greenmount, and McElderry Park.[117]
This area was the on-site film location for Homicide: Life on the Street, The Corner and The Wire.[127]
Southeast Baltimore
Southeast Baltimore, located below Fayette Street, bordering the Inner Harbor and the Northwest Branch of the
Patapsco River to the west, the city line of 1919 on its eastern boundaries and the Patapsco River to the south, is a
mixed industrial and residential area. Patterson Park, the "Best Backyard in Baltimore",[128] as well as the
Highlandtown Arts District, and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center are located in Southeast Baltimore. The
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Shops at Canton Crossing opened in 2013.[129] The Canton neighborhood, is located along Baltimore's prime
waterfront. Other historic neighborhoods include: Fells Point, Patterson Park, Butchers Hill, Highlandtown,
Greektown, Harbor East, Little Italy, and Upper Fell's Point.[117]
Northwest Baltimore
Northwestern is bounded by the county line to the north and west, Gwynns Falls Parkway on the south and
Pimlico Road on the east, is home to Pimlico Race Course, Sinai Hospital, and the headquarters of the NAACP.
Its neighborhoods are mostly residential and are dissected by Northern Parkway. The area has been the center of
Baltimore's Jewish community since after World War II. Notable neighborhoods include: Pimlico, Mount
Washington, and Cheswolde, and Park Heights.[130]
West Baltimore
West Baltimore is west of downtown and the Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and is bounded by Gwynns Falls
Parkway, Fremont Avenue, and West Baltimore Street. The Old West Baltimore Historic District includes the
neighborhoods of Harlem Park, Sandtown-Winchester, Druid Heights, Madison Park, and Upton.[131][132]
Originally a predominantly German neighborhood, by the last half of the 19th century, Old West Baltimore was
home to a substantial section of the city's Black population.[131]
It became the largest neighborhood for the city's Black community and its cultural, political, and economic
center.[131] Coppin State University, Mondawmin Mall, and Edmondson Village are located in this district. The
area's crime problems have provided subject material for television series, such as The Wire.[133] Local
organizations, such as the Sandtown Habitat for Humanity and the Upton Planning Committee, have been
steadily transforming parts of formerly blighted areas of West Baltimore into clean, safe communities.[134][135]
Southwest Baltimore
Southwest Baltimore is bound by the Baltimore County line to the west, West Baltimore Street to the north, and
Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and Russell Street/Baltimore-Washington Parkway (Maryland Route 295) to
the east. Notable neighborhoods in Southwest Baltimore include: Pigtown, Carrollton Ridge, Ridgely's Delight,
Leakin Park, Violetville, Lakeland, and Morrell Park.[117]
St. Agnes Hospital on Wilkens and Caton[117] avenues is located in this district with the neighboring Cardinal
Gibbons High School, which is the former site of Babe Ruth's alma mater, St. Mary's Industrial School. Through
this segment of Baltimore ran the beginnings of the historic National Road, which was constructed beginning in
1806 along Old Frederick Road and continuing into the county on Frederick Road into Ellicott City, Maryland.
Other sides in this district are: Carroll Park, one of the city's largest parks, the colonial Mount Clare Mansion,
and Washington Boulevard, which dates to pre-Revolutionary War days as the prime route out of the city to
Alexandria, Virginia, and Georgetown on the Potomac River.
Belair-Edison
Woodberry
Reservoir Hill
Station North
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Fells Point
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Roland Park
Adjacent communities
Baltimore is bordered by the following communities, all unincorporated census-designated places.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Arbutus
Baltimore Highlands
Brooklyn Park
Catonsville
Dundalk
Glen Burnie
Lansdowne
Lochearn
Overlea
Parkville
Pasadena
Pikesville
Rosedale
Towson
Woodlawn
Climate
Baltimore has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) in the Köppen climate
classification, with long, hot summers, cool winters, and a summer peak to
annual precipitation.[136][137] Baltimore is part of USDA plant hardiness
zones 7b and 8a.[138] Summers are normally warm, with occasional late day
thunderstorms. July, the warmest month, has a mean temperature of 80.3 °F
(26.8 °C). Winters range from chilly to mild but vary, with sporadic snowfall:
January has a daily average of 35.8 °F (2.1 °C),[139] though temperatures
reach 50 °F (10 °C) quite often, and can occasionally drop below 20 °F
(−7 °C) when Arctic air masses affect the area.[139]
Spring and autumn are mild, with spring being the wettest season in terms of
A climate chart for Baltimore
the number of precipitation days. Summers are hot and humid with a daily
average in July of 80.7 °F (27.1 °C).[139] The combination of heat and
humidity leads to occasional thunderstorms. A southeasterly bay breeze off the Chesapeake often occurs on
summer afternoons when hot air rises over inland areas. Prevailing winds from the southwest interacting with
this breeze as well as the city proper's UHI can seriously exacerbate air quality.[140][141] In late summer and early
autumn the track of hurricanes or their remnants may cause flooding in downtown Baltimore, despite the city
being far removed from the typical coastal storm surge areas.[142]
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The average seasonal snowfall is 19 inches (48 cm).[143] It varies greatly by year, with some seasons seeing only
trace accumulations of snow, while others see several major Nor'easters.[b] Owing to lessened urban heat island
(UHI) as compared to the city proper and distance from the moderating Chesapeake Bay, the outlying and inland
parts of the Baltimore metro area are usually cooler, especially at night, than the city proper and the coastal
towns. Thus, in the northern and western suburbs, winter snowfall is more significant, and some areas average
more than 30 in (76 cm) of snow per winter.[145]
It is by not uncommon for the rain-snow line to set up in the metro area.[146] Freezing rain and sleet occur a few
times some winters in the area, as warm air overrides cold air at the low to mid-levels of the atmosphere. When
the wind blows from the east, the cold air gets dammed against the mountains to the west and the result is
freezing rain or sleet.
Like all of Maryland, Baltimore is at risk for increased impacts of climate change. Historically, flooding has
ruined houses and almost killed people, especially in lower income majority Black neighborhoods, and caused
sewage backups, given the existing disrepair of Baltimore's water system.[147]
Extreme temperatures range from −7 °F (−22 °C) on February 9, 1934, and February 10, 1899,[c] up to 108 °F
(42 °C) on July 22, 2011.[148][149] On average, temperatures of 100 °F (38 °C) or more occur on three days
annually, 90 °F (32 °C) or more on 43 days, and there are nine days where the high fails to reach the freezing
mark.[139]
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Climate data for Baltimore (Baltimore/Washington International Airport) 1991−2020 normals,[d] extremes 1872–
present[e])
[show]
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high
°F (°C)
79
(26)
83
(28)
90
(32)
94
(34)
98
(37)
105
(41)
107
(42)
105
(41)
101
(38)
98
(37)
86
(30)
77
(25)
107
(42)
Mean
maximum °F
(°C)
64.6
(18.1)
66.4
(19.1)
75.9
(24.4)
85.8
(29.9)
91.0
(32.8)
95.9
(35.5)
98.0
(36.7)
95.9
(35.5)
91.1
(32.8)
83.8
(28.8)
74.3
(23.5)
66.0
(18.9)
98.9
(37.2)
Mean daily
maximum °F
(°C)
43.2
(6.2)
46.4
(8.0)
54.8
(12.7)
66.5
(19.2)
75.5
(24.2)
84.4
(29.1)
88.8
(31.6)
86.5
(30.3)
79.7
(26.5)
68.3
(20.2)
57.3
(14.1)
47.5
(8.6)
66.6
(19.2)
Daily mean
°F (°C)
34.3
(1.3)
36.6
(2.6)
44.3
(6.8)
55.0
(12.8)
64.4
(18.0)
73.5
(23.1)
78.3
(25.7)
76.2
(24.6)
69.2
(20.7)
57.4
(14.1)
46.9
(8.3)
38.6
(3.7)
56.2
(13.4)
Mean daily
minimum °F
(°C)
25.4
(−3.7)
26.9
(−2.8)
33.9
(1.1)
43.6
(6.4)
53.3
(11.8)
62.6
(17.0)
67.7
(19.8)
65.8
(18.8)
58.8
(14.9)
46.5
(8.1)
36.5
(2.5)
29.6
(−1.3)
45.9
(7.7)
Mean
minimum °F
(°C)
9.1
(−12.7)
12.2
(−11.0)
18.9
(−7.3)
29.7
(−1.3)
38.8
(3.8)
49.3
(9.6)
57.9
(14.4)
55.8
(13.2)
45.1
(7.3)
32.8
(0.4)
22.9
(−5.1)
15.6
(−9.1)
6.9
(−13.9)
Record low
°F (°C)
−7
(−22)
−7
(−22)
4
(−16)
15
(−9)
32
(0)
40
(4)
50
(10)
45
(7)
35
(2)
25
(−4)
12
(−11)
−3
(−19)
−7
(−22)
Average
precipitation
inches (mm)
3.08
(78)
2.90
(74)
4.01
(102)
3.39
(86)
3.85
(98)
3.98
(101)
4.48
(114)
4.09
(104)
4.44
(113)
3.94
(100)
3.13
(80)
3.71
(94)
45.00
(1,143)
Average
snowfall
inches (cm)
6.4
(16)
7.5
(19)
2.8
(7.1)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.25)
2.5
(6.4)
19.3
(49)
10.1
9.3
11.0
11.2
11.9
11.3
10.4
9.6
9.1
8.6
8.5
10.3
121.3
2.8
2.9
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.5
9.0
Average
relative
humidity (%)
63.2
61.3
59.2
58.9
66.1
68.4
69.1
71.1
71.3
69.5
66.5
65.5
65.8
Average
dew point °F
(°C)
19.9
(−6.7)
21.6
(−5.8)
28.9
(−1.7)
37.6
(3.1)
50.4
(10.2)
60.1
(15.6)
64.6
(18.1)
64.0
(17.8)
57.6
(14.2)
45.5
(7.5)
35.2
(1.8)
25.3
(−3.7)
42.6
(5.9)
Mean
monthly
sunshine
hours
155.4
164.0
215.0
230.7
254.5
277.3
290.1
264.4
221.8
205.5
158.5
144.5
2,581.7
Percent
possible
sunshine
51
54
58
58
57
62
64
62
59
59
52
49
58
Average
precipitation
days
(≥ 0.01 in)
Average
snowy days
(≥ 0.1 in)
Source: NOAA (relative humidity , dew points and sun 1961–1990)[143][150][151]
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Climate data for Baltimore (Maryland Science Center) 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1950–present
[show]
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high
°F (°C)
77
(25)
84
(29)
97
(36)
98
(37)
100
(38)
106
(41)
108
(42)
106
(41)
102
(39)
95
(35)
87
(31)
85
(29)
108
(42)
Mean
maximum °F
(°C)
65.0
(18.3)
66.5
(19.2)
77.0
(25.0)
87.7
(30.9)
92.5
(33.6)
97.3
(36.3)
99.7
(37.6)
97.8
(36.6)
92.9
(33.8)
85.4
(29.7)
75.4
(24.1)
67.1
(19.5)
100.9
(38.3)
Mean daily
maximum °F
(°C)
43.7
(6.5)
46.8
(8.2)
55.2
(12.9)
66.8
(19.3)
75.9
(24.4)
85.4
(29.7)
90.1
(32.3)
87.3
(30.7)
80.4
(26.9)
68.8
(20.4)
57.6
(14.2)
48.0
(8.9)
67.2
(19.6)
Daily mean °F
(°C)
36.9
(2.7)
39.4
(4.1)
46.9
(8.3)
57.5
(14.2)
67.0
(19.4)
76.6
(24.8)
81.5
(27.5)
79.1
(26.2)
72.5
(22.5)
60.7
(15.9)
50.1
(10.1)
41.3
(5.2)
59.1
(15.1)
Mean daily
minimum °F
(°C)
30.0
(−1.1)
31.9
(−0.1)
38.7
(3.7)
48.2
(9.0)
58.0
(14.4)
67.7
(19.8)
72.9
(22.7)
71.0
(21.7)
64.5
(18.1)
52.6
(11.4)
42.6
(5.9)
34.6
(1.4)
51.1
(10.6)
Mean
minimum °F
(°C)
14.7
(−9.6)
17.3
(−8.2)
23.9
(−4.5)
36.2
(2.3)
46.9
(8.3)
57.5
(14.2)
65.6
(18.7)
63.2
(17.3)
53.4
(11.9)
40.3
(4.6)
29.9
(−1.2)
22.2
(−5.4)
12.5
(−10.8)
Record low °F
(°C)
−4
(−20)
−3
(−19)
12
(−11)
21
(−6)
36
(2)
48
(9)
58
(14)
52
(11)
40
(4)
30
(−1)
16
(−9)
6
(−14)
−4
(−20)
Average
precipitation
inches (mm)
3.07
(78)
2.75
(70)
3.93
(100)
3.55
(90)
3.39
(86)
3.36
(85)
4.71
(120)
4.35
(110)
4.49
(114)
3.49
(89)
2.98
(76)
3.66
(93)
43.73
(1,111)
Average
precipitation
days (≥ 0.01 in)
9.9
9.7
10.7
11.0
11.3
10.7
10.6
9.5
8.5
8.5
8.1
10.2
118.7
Source: NOAA[139][143]
[show]
Climate data for Baltimore
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average sea
temperature °F (°C)
46.0
(7.8)
44.4
(6.9)
45.1
(7.3)
50.4
(10.2)
55.9
(13.3)
68.2
(20.1)
75.6
(24.2)
77.4
(25.2)
73.4
(23.0)
66.0
(18.9)
57.2
(14.0)
50.7
(10.4)
59.2
(15.1)
Mean daily
daylight hours
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
15.0
14.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
12.2
Source: Weather Atlas[152]
See or edit raw graph data.
Demographics
Population
Baltimore reached a peak population of 949,708 at the 1950 U.S. census
count. In every ten-year census count since then, the city has lost population,
with its 2020 census population at 585,708. In 2011, then-Mayor Stephanie
Rawlings-Blake said one of her goals was to increase the city's population, by
improving city services to reduce the number of people leaving the city, and
by passing legislation protecting immigrants' rights to stimulate growth.[158]
Baltimore is identified as a sanctuary city.[159] In 2019, then-Mayor Jack
Young said that Baltimore will not assist ICE agents with immigration raids.
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1752
1775
1790
1800
1810
200
5,934
13,503
26,514
46,555
—
+2867.0%
+127.6%
+96.4%
+75.6%
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[160]
Baltimore City's population declined from 620,961 in 2010 to 585,708 in
2020, representing a 5.7% drop. In 2020, Baltimore lost more population
than any other major city in the United States.[161][7][162]
Gentrification has increased since the 2000 census, primarily in East
Baltimore, downtown, and Central Baltimore, with 14.8% of census tracts
having had income growth and home values appreciation at a rate higher than
the city overall. Many, but not all, gentrifying neighborhoods are
predominantly white areas which have seen a turnover from lower income to
higher income households. These areas represent either expansion of existing
gentrified areas, or activity around the Inner Harbor, downtown, or the Johns
Hopkins Homewood campus.[163] In some neighborhoods in East Baltimore,
the Hispanic population has increased, while both the non-Hispanic white
and non-Hispanic black populations have declined.[164]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2022
est.
62,738
80,620
102,313
169,054
212,418
267,354
332,313
434,439
508,957
558,485
733,826
804,874
859,100
949,708
939,024
905,787
786,741
736,016
651,154
620,961
585,708
+34.8%
+28.5%
+26.9%
+65.2%
+25.7%
+25.9%
+24.3%
+30.7%
+17.2%
+9.7%
+31.4%
+9.7%
+6.7%
+10.5%
−1.1%
−3.5%
−13.1%
−6.4%
−11.5%
−4.6%
−5.7%
After New York City, Baltimore was the second city in the United States to
reach a population of 100,000.[165][166] From the 1820 to 1850 U.S. censuses,
Baltimore was the second most-populous city,[166][167] before being surpassed
by Philadelphia and the then-independent Brooklyn in 1860, and then being
surpassed by St. Louis and Chicago in 1870.[168] Baltimore was among the top
569,931
−2.7%
10 cities in population in the United States in every census up to the 1980
census.[169] After World War II, Baltimore had a population approaching 1 U.S. Decennial Census[153]
1790–1960[154] 1900–1990[155]
million, until the population began to fall after the 1950 census.
[156]
[15]
1990–2000
2010–2020
1752 estimate & 1775 census[157]
Characteristics
A racial distribution map of
Baltimore, 2010 U.S. census. Each
dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black
⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other
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2020[170]
2010[171]
1990[172]
1970[172]
1940[172]
White
31.9%
29.6%
39.1%
53.0%
80.6%
—Non-Hispanic whites
27.6%
28.0%
38.6%
52.3%[f]
80.6%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)
62.4%
63.7%
59.2%
46.4%
19.3%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
6.0%
4.2%
1.0%
0.9%[f]
0.1%
Asian
2.8%
2.3%
1.1%
0.3%
0.1%
Demographic profile
[hide]
In the 2010 census, Baltimore's population was 63.7% Black, 29.6% White (6.9% German, 5.8% Italian, 4% Irish,
2% American, 2% Polish, 0.5% Greek) 2.3% Asian (0.54% Korean, 0.46% Indian, 0.37% Chinese, 0.36% Filipino,
0.21% Nepali, 0.16% Pakistani), and 0.4% Native American and Alaska Native. Across races, 4.2% of the
population are of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (1.63% Salvadoran, 1.21% Mexican, 0.63% Puerto Rican,
0.6% Honduran).[15]
As per the 2020 census, 8.1% of residents between 2016 and 2020 were foreign born persons.[170] Females made
up 53.4% of the population. The median age was 35 years old, with 22.4% under 18 years old, 65.8% from 18 to
64 years old, and 11.8% 65 or older.[15]
Baltimore has a large Caribbean American population, with the largest groups being Jamaicans and
Trinidadians. Baltimore's Jamaican community is largely centered in the Park Heights neighborhood, but
generations of immigrants have also lived in Southeast Baltimore.[173]
In 2005, approximately 30,778 people (6.5%) identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[174] In 2012, same-sex
marriage in Maryland was legalized, going into effect January 1, 2013.[175]
Income and housing
Between 2016 and 2020, the median household income was $52,164 and the median income per capita was
$32,699, compared to the national averages of $64,994 and $35,384, respectively.[170] In 2009, the median
household income was $42,241 and the median income per capita was $25,707, compared to the national
median income of $53,889 per household and $28,930 per capita.[15]
In 2009, 23.7% of the population lived below the poverty line, compared to 13.5% nationwide.[15] In the 2020
census, 20% of Baltimore residents were living in poverty, compared to 11.6% nationwide.[170]
Housing in Baltimore is relatively inexpensive for large, near-coastal cities of its size. The median sale price for
homes in Baltimore as of December 2022 was $209,000, up from $95,000 in 2012.[176][177] Despite the late
2000s housing price collapse, and along with the national trends, Baltimore residents still faced slowly
increasing rent, up 3% in the summer of 2010.[178] The median value of owner-occupied housing units between
2016 and 2020 was $242,499.[170]
The homeless population in Baltimore is steadily increasing. It exceeded 4,000 people in 2011. The increase in
the number of young homeless people was particularly severe.[179]
Life expectancy
In 2015, life expectancy in Baltimore was 74 to 75 years, compared to the U.S. average of 78 to 80. Fourteen
neighborhoods had lower life expectancies than North Korea. The life expectancy in Downtown/Seton Hill was
comparable to that of Yemen.[180]
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Religion
In 2015, 25% of adults in Baltimore reported affiliation with no religion. 50%
of the adult population of Baltimore are Protestants.[g] Catholicism is the
second-largest religious affiliation, constituting 15% percent of the
population, followed by Judaism (3%) and Islam (2%). Around 1% identify
with other Christian denominations.[181][182][183]
Languages
In 2010, 91% (526,705) of Baltimore residents five years old and older spoke
only English at home. Close to 4% (21,661) spoke Spanish. Other languages,
such as African languages, French, and Chinese are spoken by less than 1% of
the population.[184]
Baltimore Basilica, the first Catholic
cathedral built in the United States
Economy
Once a predominantly industrial town, with an economic base focused on steel processing, shipping, auto
manufacturing (General Motors Baltimore Assembly), and transportation, Baltimore experienced
deindustrialization, which cost residents tens of thousands of low-skill, high-wage jobs.[185] Baltimore now relies
on a low-wage service economy, which accounts for 31% of jobs in the city.[186][187] Around the turn of the 20th
century, Baltimore was the leading U.S. manufacturer of rye whiskey and straw hats. It led in the refining of
crude oil, brought to the city by pipeline from Pennsylvania.[188][189][190]
In March 2018, Baltimore's unemployment rate was 5.8%.[191] In 2012, one quarter of Baltimore residents, and
37% of Baltimore children, lived in poverty.[192] The 2012 closure of a major steel plant at Sparrows Point is
expected to have a further impact on employment and the local economy.[193] In 2013, 207,000 workers
commuted into Baltimore city each day.[194] Downtown Baltimore is the primary economic asset within
Baltimore City and the region, with 29.1 million square feet of office space. The tech sector is rapidly growing as
the Baltimore metro ranks 8th in the CBRE Tech Talent Report among 50 U.S. metro areas for high growth rate
and number of tech professionals.[195] In 2013, Forbes ranked Baltimore fourth among America's "new tech hot
spots".[196]
The city is home to the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Other large companies in Baltimore include Under Armour,[197]
BRT Laboratories, Cordish Company,[198] Legg Mason, McCormick & Company, T. Rowe Price, and Royal
Farms.[199] A sugar refinery owned by American Sugar Refining is one of Baltimore's cultural icons. Nonprofits
based in Baltimore include Lutheran Services in America and Catholic Relief Services.
Almost a quarter of the jobs in the Baltimore region were in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
as of mid-2013, a fact attributed in part to the city's extensive undergraduate and graduate schools; maintenance
and repair experts were included in this count.[200]
Port
The center of international commerce for the region is the World Trade Center Baltimore. It houses the
Maryland Port Administration and U.S. headquarters for major shipping lines. Baltimore is ranked 9th for total
dollar value of cargo and 13th for cargo tonnage for all U.S. ports. In 2014, total cargo moving through the port
totaled 29.5 million tons, down from 30.3 million tons in 2013. The value of cargo traveling through the port in
2014 came to $52.5 billion, down from $52.6 billion in 2013. The Port of Baltimore generates $3 billion in
annual wages and salary, as well as supporting 14,630 direct jobs and 108,000 jobs connected to port work. In
2014, the port generated more than $300 million in taxes.[201]
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The port serves over 50 ocean carriers, making nearly 1,800 annual visits. Among all U.S. ports, Baltimore is first
in handling automobiles, light trucks, farm and construction machinery; and imported forest products,
aluminum, and sugar. The port is second in coal exports. The Port of Baltimore's cruise industry, which offers
year-round trips on several lines, supports over 500 jobs and brings in over $90 million to Maryland's economy
annually. Growth at the port continues with the Maryland Port Administration plans to turn the southern tip of
the former steel mill into a marine terminal, primarily for car and truck shipments, and for anticipated new
business coming to Baltimore after the completion of the Panama Canal expansion project.[202]
Tourism
Baltimore's history and attractions have made it a popular tourist destination. In 2014, the city hosted 24.5
million visitors, who spent $5.2 billion.[203] The Baltimore Visitor Center, which is operated by Visit Baltimore,
is located on Light Street in the Inner Harbor. Much of the city's tourism centers around the Inner Harbor, with
the National Aquarium being Maryland's top tourist destination. Baltimore Harbor's restoration has made it "a
city of boats", with several historic ships and other attractions on display and open to the public. The USS
Constellation, the last Civil War-era vessel afloat, is docked at the head of the Inner Harbor; the USS Torsk, a
submarine that holds the Navy's record for dives (more than 10,000); and the Coast Guard cutter WHEC-37, the
last surviving U.S. warship that was in Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, and which
engaged Japanese Zero aircraft during the battle.[204]
Also docked is the lightship Chesapeake, which for decades marked the entrance to Chesapeake Bay; and the
Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse, the oldest surviving screw-pile lighthouse on Chesapeake Bay, which once marked
the mouth of the Patapsco River and the entrance to Baltimore. All of these attractions are owned and
maintained by the Historic Ships in Baltimore organization. The Inner Harbor is also the home port of Pride of
Baltimore II, the state of Maryland's "goodwill ambassador" ship, a reconstruction of a famous Baltimore Clipper
ship.[204]
Other tourist destinations include sporting venues such as Oriole Park at Camden Yards, M&T Bank Stadium,
and Pimlico Race Course, Fort McHenry, the Mount Vernon, Federal Hill, and Fells Point neighborhoods,
Lexington Market, Horseshoe Casino, and museums such as the Walters Art Museum, the Baltimore Museum of
Industry, the Babe Ruth Birthplace and Museum, the Maryland Science Center, and the B&O Railroad Museum.
The Baltimore Visitor
Center at the Inner
Harbor
Fountain near visitor
center in Inner Harbor
Sunset views from Inner
Harbor
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Baltimore is the home of the
National Aquarium, one of
the world's largest
aquariums.
Culture
Baltimore has historically been a working-class port town, sometimes dubbed
a "city of neighborhoods". It comprises 72 designated historic districts[205]
traditionally occupied by distinct ethnic groups. Most notable today are three
downtown areas along the port: the Inner Harbor, frequented by tourists
because of its hotels, shops, and museums; Fells Point, once a favorite
entertainment spot for sailors but now refurbished and gentrified (and
featured in the movie Sleepless in Seattle); and Little Italy, located between
the other two, where Baltimore's Italian-American community is based – and
where U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi grew up.
Further inland, Mount Vernon is the traditional center of cultural and artistic
life of the city. It is home to a distinctive Washington Monument, set atop a
hill in a 19th-century urban square, that predates the monument in
Washington, D.C. by several decades. Baltimore has a significant German
American population,[206] and was the second-largest port of immigration to
the United States behind Ellis Island in New York and New Jersey. Between
1820 and 1989, almost 2 million who were German, Polish, English, Irish,
Russian, Lithuanian, French, Ukrainian, Czech, Greek and Italian came to
Baltimore, mostly between 1861 to 1930. By 1913, when Baltimore was
averaging forty thousand immigrants per year, World War I closed off the
flow of immigrants. By 1970, Baltimore's heyday as an immigration center
was a distant memory. There was a Chinatown dating back to at least the
1880s, which consisted of 400 Chinese residents. A local Chinese-American
association remains based there, with one Chinese restaurant as of 2009.
Beer making thrived in Baltimore from the 1800s to the 1950s, with over 100
old breweries in the city's past.[207] The best remaining example of that
history is the old American Brewery Building on North Gay Street and the
National Brewing Company building in the Brewer's Hill neighborhood. In
the 1940s the National Brewing Company introduced the nation's first sixpack. National's two most prominent brands, were National Bohemian Beer
colloquially "Natty Boh" and Colt 45. Listed on the Pabst website as a "Fun
Fact", Colt 45 was named after running back #45 Jerry Hill of the 1963
Baltimore Colts and not the .45 caliber handgun ammunition round. Both
brands are still made today, albeit outside of Maryland, and served all around
the Baltimore area at bars, as well as Orioles and Ravens games.[208] The
Natty Boh logo appears on all cans, bottles, and packaging. Merchandise
The Washington Monument, erected
in 1815 in Baltimore in honor of
George Washington
Emerson Bromo-Seltzer Tower, built
in 1911, includes 15 stories that
have been transformed into studio
spaces for visual and literary artists.
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featuring him can be found in shops in Maryland, including several in Fells Point.
Each year the Artscape takes place in the city in the Bolton Hill neighborhood, close to the Maryland Institute
College of Art. Artscape styles itself as the "largest free arts festival in America".[209] Each May, the Maryland
Film Festival takes place in Baltimore, using all five screens of the historic Charles Theatre as its anchor venue.
Many movies and television shows have been filmed in Baltimore. Homicide: Life on the Street was set and
filmed in Baltimore, as well as The Wire. House of Cards and Veep are set in Washington, D.C. but filmed in
Baltimore.[210]
Baltimore has cultural museums in many areas of study. The Baltimore Museum of Art and the Walters Art
Museum are internationally renowned for their collections of art. The Baltimore Museum of Art has the largest
holding of works by Henri Matisse in the world.[211] The American Visionary Art Museum has been designated by
Congress as America's national museum for visionary art.[212] The National Great Blacks In Wax Museum is the
first African American wax museum in the country, featuring more than 150 life-size and lifelike wax figures.[51]
Cuisine
Baltimore is known for its Maryland blue crabs, crab cake, Old Bay Seasoning, pit beef, and the "chicken box".
The city has many restaurants in or around the Inner Harbor. The most known and acclaimed are the
Charleston, Woodberry Kitchen, and the Charm City Cakes bakery featured on the Food Network's Ace of Cakes.
The Little Italy neighborhood's biggest draw is the food. Fells Point also is a foodie neighborhood for tourists and
locals and is where the oldest continuously running tavern in the country, "The Horse You Came in on Saloon", is
located.[213]
Many of Baltimore's upscale restaurants are found in Harbor East. Five public markets are located across
Baltimore. The Baltimore Public Market System is the oldest continuously operating public market system in the
United States.[214] Lexington Market is one of the longest-running markets in the world and the longest running
in the country, having been around since 1782. The market continues to stand at its original site. Baltimore is the
last place in America where one can still find arabbers, vendors who sell fresh fruits and vegetables from a horsedrawn cart that goes up and down neighborhood streets.[215] Food- and drink-rating site Zagat ranked Baltimore
second in a list of the 17 best food cities in the US in 2015.[216]
Local dialect
Baltimore city, along with its surrounding regions, is home to a unique local dialect known as the Baltimore
dialect. It is part of the larger Mid-Atlantic American English group and is noted to be very similar to the
Philadelphia dialect.[217][218]
The so-called "Bawlmerese" accent is known for its characteristic pronunciation of its long "o" vowel, in which an
"eh" sound is added before the long "o" sound (/oʊ/ shifts to [ɘʊ], or even [eʊ]).[219] It adopts Philadelphia's
pattern of the short "a" sound, such that the tensed vowel in words like "bath" or "ask" does not match the more
relaxed one in "sad" or "act".[217]
Baltimore native John Waters parodies the city and its dialect extensively in his films. Most are filmed in
Baltimore, including the 1972 cult classic Pink Flamingos, as well as Hairspray and its Broadway musical
remake.
Performing arts
Baltimore has four state-designated arts and entertainment districts: The Pennsylvania Avenue Black Arts and
Entertainment District, Station North Arts and Entertainment District, Highlandtown Arts District, and the
Bromo Arts & Entertainment District.[220][221][222]
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The Baltimore Office of Promotion and The Arts, a non-profit organization,
produces events and arts programs as well as managing several facilities. It is
the official Baltimore City Arts Council. BOPA coordinates Baltimore's major
events, including New Year's Eve and July 4 celebrations at the Inner Harbor,
Artscape, which is America's largest free arts festival, Baltimore Book
Festival, Baltimore Farmers' Market & Bazaar, School 33 Art Center's Open
Studio Tour, and the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade.[223]
The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is an internationally renowned
The Hippodrome Theatre
orchestra, founded in 1916 as a publicly funded municipal organization. Its
most recent music director was Marin Alsop, a protégé of Leonard
Bernstein's. Centerstage is the premier theater company in the city and a regionally well-respected group. The
Lyric Opera House is the home of Lyric Opera Baltimore, which operates there as part of the Patricia and Arthur
Modell Performing Arts Center. Shriver Hall Concert Series, founded in 1966, presents classical chamber music
and recitals featuring nationally and internationally recognized artists.[224]
The Baltimore Consort has been a leading early music ensemble for over twenty-five years. The France-Merrick
Performing Arts Center, home of the restored Thomas W. Lamb-designed Hippodrome Theatre, has afforded
Baltimore the opportunity to become a major regional player in the area of touring Broadway and other
performing arts presentations. Renovating Baltimore's historic theatres has become widespread throughout the
city. Renovated theatres include the Everyman, Centre, Senator, and most recently Parkway Theatre. Other
buildings have been reused. These include the former Mercantile Deposit and Trust Company bank building,
which is now The Chesapeake Shakespeare Company Theater.
Baltimore has a wide array of professional (non-touring) and community theater groups. Aside from Center
Stage, resident troupes in the city include The Vagabond Players, the oldest continuously operating community
theater group in the country, Everyman Theatre, Single Carrot Theatre, and Baltimore Theatre Festival.
Community theaters in the city include Fells Point Community Theatre and the Arena Players Inc., which is the
nation's oldest continuously operating African American community theater.[225] In 2009, the Baltimore Rock
Opera Society, an all-volunteer theatrical company, launched its first production.[226]
Baltimore is home to the Pride of Baltimore Chorus, a three-time international silver medalist women's chorus,
affiliated with Sweet Adelines International. The Maryland State Boychoir is located in the northeastern
Baltimore neighborhood of Mayfield.
Baltimore is the home of non-profit chamber music organization Vivre Musicale. VM won a 2011–2012 award for
Adventurous Programming from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers and Chamber
Music America.[227]
The Peabody Institute, located in the Mount Vernon neighborhood, is the oldest conservatory of music in the
United States.[228] Established in 1857, it is one of the most prestigious in the world,[228] along with Juilliard,
Eastman, and the Curtis Institute. The Morgan State University Choir is also one of the nation's most prestigious
university choral ensembles.[229] The city is home to the Baltimore School for the Arts, a public high school in
the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore. The institution is nationally recognized for its success in
preparation for students entering music (vocal/instrumental), theatre (acting/theater production), dance, and
visual arts.
In 1981, Baltimore hosted the first International Theater Festival, the first such festival in the country. Executive
producer Al Kraizer staged 66 performances of nine shows by international theatre companies, including from
Ireland, the United Kingdom, South Africa and Israel.[230] The festival proved to be expensive to mount, and in
1982 the festival was hosted in Denver, called the World Theatre Festival,[231] at the Denver Center for
Performing Arts, after the city had asked Kraizer to organize it.[232]
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In June 1986, the 20th Theatre of Nations, sponsored by the International Theatre Institute, was held in
Baltimore, the first time it had been held in the U.S.[233]
Sports
Baseball
Baltimore has a long and storied baseball history, including its distinction as
the birthplace of Babe Ruth in 1895. The original 19th century Baltimore
Orioles were one of the most successful early franchises, featuring numerous
hall of famers during its years from 1882 to 1899. As one of the eight
inaugural American League franchises, the Baltimore Orioles played in the
AL during the 1901 and 1902 seasons. The team moved to New York City
before the 1903 season and was renamed the New York Highlanders, which
later became the New York Yankees. Ruth played for the minor league
Baltimore Orioles team, which was active from 1903 to 1914. After playing
one season in 1915 as the Richmond Climbers, the team returned the
following year to Baltimore, where it played as the Orioles until 1953.
Oriole Park at Camden Yards, home
to the Baltimore Orioles of Major
League Baseball
The team currently known as the Baltimore Orioles has represented Major
League Baseball locally since 1954 when the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore. The Orioles advanced to the
World Series in 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1979 and 1983, winning three times (1966, 1970 and 1983), while making
the playoffs all but one year (1972) from 1969 through 1974.[234]
In 1995, local player (and later Hall of Famer) Cal Ripken Jr. broke Lou Gehrig's streak of 2,130 consecutive
games played, for which Ripken was named Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine. Six former
Orioles players, including Ripken (2007), and two of the team's managers have been inducted into the Baseball
Hall of Fame.
Since 1992, the Orioles' home ballpark has been Oriole Park at Camden Yards, which has been hailed as one of
the league's best since it opened.[235]
Football
Prior to a National Football League team moving to Baltimore, there had
been several attempts at a professional football team prior to the 1950s,
which were blocked by the Washington team and its NFL friends. Most were
minor league or semi-professional teams. The first major league to base a
team in Baltimore was the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), which
had a team named the Baltimore Colts. The AAFC Colts played for three
seasons in the AAFC (1947, 1948, and 1949), and when the AAFC folded
following the 1949 season, moved to the NFL for a single year (1950) before
going bankrupt.
M&T Bank Stadium, home to the
Baltimore Ravens of the National
Football League
In 1953, the NFL's Dallas Texans folded. Its assets and player contracts were
purchased by an ownership team headed by Baltimore businessman Carroll
Rosenbloom, who moved the team to Baltimore, establishing a new team also named the Baltimore Colts. During
the 1950s and 1960s, the Colts were one of the NFLs more successful franchises, led by Pro Football Hall of Fame
quarterback Johnny Unitas who set a then-record of 47 consecutive games with a touchdown pass. The Colts
advanced to the NFL Championship twice (1958 & 1959) and Super Bowl twice (1969 & 1971), winning all except
Super Bowl III in 1969. After the 1983 season, the team left Baltimore for Indianapolis in 1984, where they
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became the Indianapolis Colts.
The NFL returned to Baltimore when the former Cleveland Browns moved to Baltimore to become the Baltimore
Ravens in 1996. Since then, the Ravens won a Super Bowl championship in 2000 and 2012, seven AFC North
division championships (2003, 2006, 2011, 2012, 2018, 2019 and 2023), and appeared in five AFC
Championship Games (2000, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2023).[236]
Baltimore also hosted a Canadian Football League franchise, the Baltimore Stallions for the 1994 and 1995
seasons. Following the 1995 season, and ultimate end to the Canadian Football League in the United States
experiment, the team was sold and relocated to Montreal.
Other teams and events
The first professional sports organization in the United States, The Maryland
Jockey Club, was formed in Baltimore in 1743. Preakness Stakes, the second
race in the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, has been
held every May at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore since 1873.
College lacrosse is a common sport in the spring, as the Johns Hopkins Blue
Jays men's lacrosse team has won 44 national championships, the most of
any program in history. In addition, Loyola University won its first men's
NCAA lacrosse championship in 2012.
The Preakness Stakes, the second
leg of the Triple Crown, is run every
May at Pimlico Race Course in
Baltimore.
The Baltimore Blast are a professional arena soccer team that play in the
Major Arena Soccer League at the SECU Arena on the campus of Towson
University. The Blast have won nine championships in various leagues,
including the MASL. A previous entity of the Blast played in the Major Indoor Soccer League from 1980 to 1992,
winning one championship. The Baltimore Kings, a Baltimore Blast affiliate,[237] joined MASL 3 in 2021 to begin
play in 2022.[238]
FC Baltimore 1729 was a semi-professional soccer club in the NPSL league, with the goal of bringing a
community-oriented competitive soccer experience to Baltimore. Their inaugural season started on May 11,
2018, and they played their home games at CCBC Essex Field. Baltimore City F.C. is an Eastern Premier Soccer
League club that plays since 2023 at Middle Branch Fitness Center in Cherry Hill.
The Baltimore Blues were a semi-professional rugby league club which began competition in the USA Rugby
League in 2012.[239] The Baltimore Bohemians were an American soccer club which competed in the USL
Premier Development League, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. Their inaugural season started in
the spring of 2012.
The Baltimore Grand Prix debuted along the streets of the Inner Harbor section of the city's downtown on
September 2–4, 2011. The event played host to the American Le Mans Series on Saturday and the IndyCar Series
on Sunday. Support races from smaller series were also held, including Indy Lights. After three consecutive
years, on September 13, 2013, it was announced that the event would not be held in 2014 or 2015 due to
scheduling conflicts.[240]
The athletic equipment company Under Armour is also based in Baltimore. Founded in 1996 by Kevin Plank, a
University of Maryland alumnus, the company's headquarters are located in Tide Point, adjacent to Fort
McHenry and the Domino Sugar factory. The Baltimore Marathon is the flagship race of several races. The
marathon begins at Camden Yards and travels through many diverse neighborhoods of Baltimore, including the
scenic Inner Harbor waterfront area, historic Federal Hill, Fells Point, and Canton, Baltimore. The race then
proceeds to other important focal points of the city such as Patterson Park, Clifton Park, Lake Montebello, the
Charles Village neighborhood, and the western edge of downtown. After winding through 42.195 kilometres
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(26.219 mi) of Baltimore, the race ends at virtually the same point at which it starts.
The Baltimore Brigade were an Arena Football League team based in Baltimore that, from 2017 to 2019, played
at Royal Farms Arena. In 2019, the team ceased operations along with the rest of the league.
Parks and recreation
Baltimore has over 4,900 acres (1,983 ha) of parkland.[241] The Baltimore
City Department of Recreation and Parks manages the majority of parks and
recreational facilities in the city, including Patterson Park, Federal Hill Park,
and Druid Hill Park.[242] The city is home to Fort McHenry National
Monument and Historic Shrine, a coastal star-shaped fort best known for its
role in the War of 1812. As of 2015, The Trust for Public Land, a national land
conservation organization, ranks Baltimore 40th among the 75-largest U.S.
cities.[241]
Patterson Park in October
Law, government, and politics
Baltimore is an independent city, and not part of any county. For most governmental purposes under Maryland
law, Baltimore City is treated as a county-level entity. The United States Census Bureau uses counties as the basic
unit for presentation of statistical information in the United States, and treats Baltimore as a county equivalent
for those purposes.
Baltimore has been a Democratic stronghold for over 150 years, with Democrats dominating every level of
government. In virtually all elections, the Democratic primary is the real contest.[243] As of the 2020 elections,
registered Democrats outnumbered registered Republicans by almost 10-to-1.[244] No Republican has been
elected to the City Council since 1939. The city's last Republican mayor, Theodore McKeldin, left office in 1967.
No Republican candidate since then has received 25 percent or more of the vote. In the 2016 and 2020 mayoral
elections, the Republicans were pushed into third place by write-in and independent candidates, respectively.
The last Republican candidate for president to win the city was Dwight Eisenhower in his successful reelection
bid in 1956.
Voter registration and party enrollment of Baltimore City[245]
Party
Total
Percentage
Democratic
305,086
76.79%
Republican
28,327
7.13%
Independents, unaffiliated, and other
63,906
16.08%
397,319
100.00%
Total
The city hosted the first six Democratic National Conventions, from 1832 through 1852, and hosted the DNC
again in 1860, 1872, and 1912.[246][247]
City government
Mayor
Brandon Scott is the current mayor of Baltimore. He was elected in 2020 and took office on December 8, 2020.
Scott succeeded Jack Young who had been mayor since May 2, 2019, upon the resignation of Catherine Pugh.
Prior to Pugh's official resignation, Young was the president of the Baltimore City Council and had been the
acting mayor since April 2.[248]
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Catherine Pugh became the Democratic nominee for mayor in 2016 and won the mayoral election in 2016 with
57.1% of the vote; Pugh took office as mayor on December 6, 2016.[249] Pugh took a leave of absence in April
2019 due to health concerns, then officially resigned from office on May 2.[250] The resignation coincided with a
scandal over a "self-dealing" book-sales arrangement.[251]
Stephanie Rawlings-Blake assumed the office of Mayor on February 4, 2010, when predecessor Dixon's
resignation became effective.[252] Rawlings-Blake had been serving as City Council President at the time. She was
elected to a full term in 2011, defeating Pugh in the primary election and receiving 84% of the vote.[253]
Sheila Dixon became the first female mayor of Baltimore on January 17, 2007. As the former City Council
President, she assumed the office of Mayor when former Mayor Martin O'Malley took office as Governor of
Maryland.[254] On November 6, 2007, Dixon won the Baltimore mayoral election. Mayor Dixon's administration
ended less than three years after her election, the result of a criminal investigation that began in 2006 while she
was still City Council President. She was convicted on a single misdemeanor charge of embezzlement on
December 1, 2009. A month later, Dixon made an Alford plea to a perjury charge and agreed to resign from
office; Maryland, like most states, does not allow convicted felons to hold office.[255][256]
Baltimore City Council
Grassroots pressure for reform, voiced as Question P, restructured the
city council in November 2002, against the will of the mayor, the council
president, and the majority of the council. A coalition of union and
community groups, organized by the Association of Community
Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), backed the effort.[257]
Baltimore City Council is made up of 14 single-member districts and one
elected at-large council president.[258][259]
Baltimore City Hall
Law enforcement
The Baltimore City Police Department is the current primary law
enforcement agency serving Baltimore citizens. It was founded 1784 as a
"Night City Watch" and day Constables system and later reorganized as a City
Department in 1853, with a later reorganization under State of Maryland
supervision in 1859, with appointments made by the Governor of Maryland
after a period of civic and elections violence with riots in the later part of the
decade. Campus and building security for the city's public schools is provided
by the Baltimore City Public Schools Police, established in the 1970s.
In the four-year span of 2011 to 2015, 120 lawsuits were brought against
Baltimore police for alleged brutality and misconduct. The Freddie Gray
settlement of $6.4 million exceeds the combined total settlements of the 120
lawsuits, as state law caps such payments.[260]
Courthouse East in Baltimore is a
historic combined post office and
federal courthouse in Battle
Monument Square.
Maryland Transportation Authority Police under the Maryland Department of Transportation, originally
established as the "Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Police" when opened in 1957, is the primary law enforcement
agency on the Fort McHenry Tunnel Thruway on I-95 and the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Thruway, which goes
underneath the northwestern branch of Patapsco River, and Interstate 395, which has three ramp bridges
crossing the middle branch of the Patapsco River that are under MdTA jurisdiction, and have limited concurrent
jurisdiction with the Baltimore Police Department under a memorandum of understanding.
Law enforcement on the fleet of transit buses and transit rail systems serving Baltimore is the responsibility of
the Maryland Transit Administration Police, which is part of the Maryland Transit Administration of the state
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Department of Transportation. The MTA Police also share jurisdiction authority with the Baltimore City Police,
governed by a memorandum of understanding.[261]
As the enforcement arm of the Baltimore circuit and district court system, the Baltimore City Sheriff's Office,
created by state constitutional amendment in 1844, is responsible for the security of city courthouses and
property, service of court-ordered writs, protective and peace orders, warrants, tax levies, prisoner
transportation and traffic enforcement. Deputy Sheriffs are sworn law enforcement officials, with full arrest
authority granted by the constitution of Maryland, the Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commission
and the Sheriff of Baltimore.[262]
The United States Coast Guard, operating out of their shipyard and facility (since 1899) at Arundel Cove on
Curtis Creek, (off Pennington Avenue extending to Hawkins Point Road/Fort Smallwood Road) in the Curtis Bay
section of southern Baltimore City and adjacent northern Anne Arundel County. The U.S.C.G. also operates and
maintains a presence on Baltimore and Maryland waterways in the Patapsco River and Chesapeake Bay. "Sector
Baltimore" is responsible for commanding law enforcement and search & rescue units as well as aids to
navigation.
Crime
Baltimore is considered one of the most dangerous cities in the U.S.[263]
Experts say an emerging gang presence and heavy recruitment of adolescent
boys into these gangs, who are statistically more likely to get serious charges
reduced or dropped, are major reasons for the sustained crime crises in the
city.[264][265] Overall reported crime dropped by 60% from the mid-1990s to
the mid-2010s, but homicides and gun violence remain high and far exceed
the national average.[266]
The worst years for crime in Baltimore overall were from 1993 to 1996, with
A Baltimore Police Department
96,243 crimes reported in 1995. Baltimore's 344 homicides in 2015
patrol car, May 2018
represented the highest homicide rate in the city's recorded history—52.5 per
100,000 people, surpassing the record ratio set in 1993—and the secondhighest for U.S. cities behind St. Louis and ahead of Detroit. Of Baltimore's 344 homicides in 2015, 321 (93.3%)
of the victims were African-American.[267]
Drug use and deaths by drug use, particularly drugs used intravenously, such as heroin, are a related problem
which has impaired Baltimore for decades. Among cities greater than 400,000, Baltimore ranked 2nd in its
opiate drug death rate in the United States. The DEA reported that 10% of Baltimore's population – about
64,000 people – are addicted to heroin, most of which is trafficked into the city from New York.[268][269][270][271]
[272]
In 2011, Baltimore police reported 196 homicides, the lowest number in the city since 197 homicides in 1978, and
far lower than the peak homicide count of 353 slayings in 1993. City leaders at the time credited a sustained focus
on repeat violent offenders and increased community engagement for the continued drop, reflecting a
nationwide decline in crime.[273][274]
In August 2014, Baltimore's new youth curfew law went into effect. It prohibits unaccompanied children under
age 14 from being on the streets after 9 p.m. and those aged 14–16 from being out after 10 p.m. during the week
and 11 p.m. on weekends and during the summer. The goal is to keep children out of dangerous places and
reduce crime.[275]
Crime in Baltimore reached another peak in 2015 when the year's tally of 344 homicides was second only to the
record 353 in 1993, when Baltimore had about 100,000 more residents. The killings in 2015 were on pace with
recent years in the early months of 2015, but skyrocketed after the unrest and rioting of late April following the
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killing of Freddie Gray by police. In five of the next eight months, killings topped 30–40 per month. Nearly 90
percent of 2015's homicides resulted from shootings, renewing calls for new gun laws. In 2016, there were 318
murders in the city.[276] This total marked a 7.56 percent decline in homicides from 2015.
In an interview with The Guardian on November 2, 2017,[277] David Simon, himself a former police reporter for
The Baltimore Sun, ascribed the most recent surge in murders to the high-profile decision by Baltimore state's
attorney, Marilyn Mosby, to charge six city police officers following the death of Freddie Gray after he was
paralyzed during a "rough-ride" in a police van while in police custody in April 2015, dying from the injury a
week later. "What Mosby basically did was send a message to the Baltimore police department: 'I'm going to put
you in jail for making a bad arrest.' So officers figured it out: 'I can go to jail for making the wrong arrest, so I'm
not getting out of my car to clear a corner,' and that's exactly what happened post-Freddie Gray."[277]
In Baltimore, "arrest numbers have plummeted from more than 40,000 in 2014, the year before Gray's death
and the charges against the officers, to about 18,000 [as of November 2017]. This happened as homicides soared
from 211 in 2014 to 344 in 2015 – an increase of 63%."[277] Simon's HBO miniseries We Own This City aired in
April 2022 and covered many of the events surrounding the death of Freddie Gray and the work slowdown by the
Baltimore Police Department during that time period.
In the six years between 2016 and 2022, Baltimore tallied 318, 342, 309, 348, 335, 338, and 335 homicides,
respectively.[278] In 2023, Baltimore saw a 20% drop in homicides to 263.[279]
Baltimore City Fire Department
Baltimore is protected by the over 1,800 professional firefighters of the Baltimore City Fire Department (BCFD).
It was founded in December 1858 and began operating the following year. Replacing several warring
independent volunteer companies since the 1770s and the confusion resulting from a riot involving the "KnowNothing" political party two years before, the establishment of a unified professional fire fighting force was a
major advance in urban governance. The BCFD operates out of 37 fire stations located throughout the city and
has a long history and sets of traditions in its various houses and divisions.
State government
Since the legislative redistricting in 2002, Baltimore has had six legislative districts located entirely within its
boundaries, giving the city six seats in the 47-member Maryland Senate and 18 in the 141-member Maryland
House of Delegates.[280][281] During the previous 10-year period, Baltimore had four legislative districts within
the city limits, but four others overlapped the Baltimore County line.[282] As of January 2011, all of Baltimore's
state senators and delegates were Democrats.[280]
State agencies
Federal government
Two of the state's eight congressional districts include portions of Baltimore: the 2nd, represented by Dutch
Ruppersberger and the 7th, represented by Kweisi Mfume. Both are Democrats. A Republican has not
represented a significant portion of Baltimore in Congress since John Boynton Philip Clayton Hill represented
the 3rd District in 1927, and has not represented any of Baltimore since the Eastern Shore-based 1st District lost
its share of Baltimore after the 2000 census. It was represented by Republican Wayne Gilchrest at the time.
Maryland's senior United States senator, Ben Cardin, is from Baltimore. He is one of three people in the last four
decades to have represented the 3rd District before being elected to the United States Senate. Paul Sarbanes
represented the 3rd from 1971 until 1977, when he was elected to the first of five terms in the Senate. Sarbanes
was succeeded by Barbara Mikulski, who represented the 3rd from 1977 to 1987. Mikulski was succeeded by
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Cardin, who held the seat until handing it to John Sarbanes upon his election to the Senate in 2007.[283]
The Postal Service's Baltimore Main Post Office is located at 900 East Fayette Street in the Jonestown area.[285]
The national headquarters for the United States Social Security Administration is located in Woodlawn, just
outside of Baltimore.
Education
Colleges and universities
Baltimore is the home of numerous places of higher learning, both public and private. 100,000 college students
from around the country attend Baltimore City's 10 accredited two-year or four-year colleges and universities.
[286][287] Among them are:
Private
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Johns Hopkins University
Loyola University Maryland
Maryland Institute College of Art
St. Mary's Seminary and University
Notre Dame of Maryland University
The Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University
Public
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Baltimore City Community College
Coppin State University
Morgan State University
University of Baltimore
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Primary and secondary schools
The city's public schools are managed by Baltimore City Public Schools,[289] and include: Carver VocationalTechnical High School, the first African American vocational high school and center that was established in the
state of Maryland; Digital Harbor High School, one of the secondary schools that emphasizes information
technology, Lake Clifton Eastern High School, which is the largest school campus in Baltimore in physical size,
the historic Frederick Douglass High School, which is the second oldest African American high school in the
United States;[290] Baltimore City College, the third-oldest public high school in the nation,[291] and Western
High School, the oldest public all-girls school in the nation.[292]
Baltimore City College and Baltimore Polytechnic Institute share the nation's second-oldest high school football
rivalry.[293]
Transportation
Baltimore has a higher-than-average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 30.7 percent of Baltimore
households lacked a car, which decreased slightly to 28.9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent
in 2016. Baltimore averaged 1.65 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.[294]
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Roads and highways
Baltimore's highway growth has done
much to influence the development of the
city and its suburbs. The first limitedaccess highway serving Baltimore was the
Baltimore–Washington Parkway, which
opened in stages between 1950 and 1954.
Maintenance of it is split: the half closest
to Baltimore is maintained by the state of
Maryland, and the half closest to
Washington by the National Park Service.
Trucks are only permitted to use the
northern part of the parkway. Trucks
(tractor-trailers) continued to use U.S.
Route 1 (US 1) until Interstate 95 (I-95)
between Baltimore and Washington
opened in 1971.
The
Interstate
highways
serving
Baltimore are I-70, I-83 (the Jones Falls
Expressway), I-95, I-395, I-695 (the
Baltimore Beltway), I-795 (the Northwest
Expressway), I-895 (the Harbor Tunnel
Thruway), and I-97. The city's mainline
Interstate highways—I-95, I-83, and I-70
—do not directly connect to each other,
and in the case of I-70 end at a park and
ride lot just inside the city limits, because
of freeway revolts in Baltimore. These
revolts were led primarily by Barbara
Mikulski, a former United States senator
for Maryland, which resulted in the
abandonment of the original plan.
There are two tunnels traversing
Baltimore Harbor within the city limits:
the four-bore Fort McHenry Tunnel
(opened in 1985 and serving I-95) and the
two-bore Harbor Tunnel (opened in 1957
and serving I-895). Until its collapse in
March 2024, the Baltimore Beltway
crossed south of Baltimore Harbor over
the Francis Scott Key Bridge.
The first interstate highway built in
Baltimore was I-83, called the Jones Falls
Expressway (first portion built in the
early 1960s). Running from the
downtown toward the northwest (NNW),
it was built through a natural corridor
over the Jones Falls River, which meant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
United States presidential election results for Baltimore, Maryland[284] [hide]
Year
Republican
No.
%
Democratic
No.
%
Third party
No.
%
2020
25,374
10.69%
207,260
87.28%
4,827
2.03%
2016
25,205
10.53%
202,673
84.66%
11,524
4.81%
2012
28,171
11.09%
221,478
87.19%
4,356
1.71%
2008
28,681
11.66%
214,385
87.16%
2,902
1.18%
2004
36,230
16.96%
175,022
81.95%
2,311
1.08%
2000
27,150
14.11%
158,765
82.52%
6,489
3.37%
1996
28,467
15.53%
145,441
79.34%
9,415
5.14%
1992
40,725
16.62%
185,753
75.79%
18,613
7.59%
1988
59,089
25.43%
170,813
73.51%
2,465
1.06%
1984
80,120
28.20%
202,277
71.18%
1,766
0.62%
1980
57,902
21.87%
191,911
72.48%
14,962
5.65%
1976
81,762
31.40%
178,593
68.60%
0
0.00%
1972
119,486
45.15%
141,323
53.40%
3,843
1.45%
1968
80,146
27.65%
178,450
61.56%
31,288
10.79%
1964
76,089
24.02%
240,716
75.98%
0
0.00%
1960
114,705
36.13%
202,752
63.87%
0
0.00%
1956
178,244
55.90%
140,603
44.10%
0
0.00%
1952
166,605
47.62%
178,469
51.01%
4,784
1.37%
1948
110,879
43.67%
134,615
53.02%
8,396
3.31%
1944
112,817
40.83%
163,493
59.17%
0
0.00%
1940
112,364
35.56%
199,715
63.20%
3,917
1.24%
1936
97,667
31.48%
210,668
67.89%
1,959
0.63%
1932
78,954
31.94%
160,309
64.84%
7,969
3.22%
1928
135,182
51.39%
126,106
47.94%
1,770
0.67%
1924
69,588
42.63%
60,222
36.89%
33,442
20.48%
1920
125,526
57.02%
86,748
39.40%
7,872
3.58%
1916
49,805
44.31%
60,226
53.58%
2,382
2.12%
1912
15,597
15.70%
48,030
48.36%
35,695
35.94%
1908
51,528
49.82%
49,139
47.51%
2,756
2.66%
1904
47,444
48.64%
47,901
49.11%
2,192
2.25%
1900
58,880
52.10%
51,979
46.00%
2,149
1.90%
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that no residents or housing were directly
displaced. A planned section from what is
now its southern terminus to I-95 was
abandoned. Its route through parkland
received criticism.
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Year
Republican
No.
%
Democratic
No.
%
Third party
No.
%
1896
61,965
58.13%
40,859
38.33%
3,777
3.54%
1892
36,492
40.79%
51,098
57.12%
1,867
2.09%
Planning for the Baltimore Beltway
antedates the creation of the Interstate Highway System. The first portion
completed was a small strip connecting the two sections of I-83, the
Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway and the Jones Falls Expressway.
The only U.S. Highways in the city are US 1, which bypasses downtown, and
US 40, which crosses downtown from east to west. Both run along major
surface streets, US 40 utilizes a small section of a freeway cancelled in the
1970s in the west side of the city, originally intended for Interstate 170. State
routes in the city travel along surface streets, with the exception of Maryland
Route 295, which carries the Baltimore–Washington Parkway.
Keyser Quadrangle at Johns
Hopkins University, the nation's first
research university
The Baltimore City Department of Transportation (BCDOT) is responsible for
several functions of the road transportation system in Baltimore, including
repairing roads, sidewalks, and alleys; road signs; street lights; and managing
the flow of transportation systems.[295] In addition, the agency is in charge of
vehicle towing and traffic cameras.[296][297]
BCDOT maintains all streets within the Baltimore. These include all streets
that are marked as state and U.S. highways and portions of I-83 and I-70
within Baltimore's city limits. The only highways in the city that are not
maintained by BCDOT are I-95, I-395, I-695, and I-895, which are
maintained by the Maryland Transportation Authority.[298]
Transit systems
The interior of George Peabody
Library at the Peabody Institute at
Johns Hopkins University is
renowned for its beauty.[288]
Public transit
Public transit in Baltimore is mostly provided by the Maryland Transit
Administration (abbreviated "MTA Maryland") and Charm City Circulator.
MTA Maryland operates a comprehensive bus network, including many local,
express, and commuter buses, a light rail network connecting Hunt Valley in
the north to BWI Airport and Glen Burnie in the south, and a subway line
between Owings Mills and Johns Hopkins Hospital.[299] A proposed rail line,
known as the Red Line, which would link the Social Security Administration's
headquarters in Woodlawn to Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in East
Baltimore, was cancelled in June 2015 by former Governor Larry Hogan. In
June 2023, Governor Wes Moore announced the relaunch of the Red Line
project.[300]
A Baltimore Light RailLink train
stops at Convention Center station,
just west of Baltimore Convention
Center on Pratt Street
The Charm City Circulator (CCC), a shuttle bus service operated by First Transit for the Baltimore City
Department of Transportation, began operating in the downtown area in January 2010. Funded partly by a 16
percent increase in the city's parking fees, the Circulator provides free bus service seven days a week, picking up
passengers every 15–25 minutes at designated stops during service hours.[301][302] The Charm City Circulator
consists of four routes, the Green Route runs from City Hall to Johns Hopkins Hospital via Fells Point, the
Purple Route runs from 33rd Street to Federal Hill, the Orange Route runs between Hollins Market and Harbor
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East, and the Banner Route runs from the Inner Harbor to Fort McHenry.
[303]
Baltimore has a water taxi service, operated by Baltimore Water Taxi. The
water taxi's six routes provide service throughout the city's harbor, and was
purchased by Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank's Sagamore Ventures in 2016.
[304]
In June 2017, the BaltimoreLink bus network redesign was launched. The
BaltimoreLink redesign consisted of a dozen high frequency, color-coded
routes branded CityLink, running every 10 to 15 minutes through downtown
Baltimore, along with changes to local and express bus service, rebranded
LocalLink and ExpressLink.[305]
I-95 northbound in Baltimore
Intercity rail
Baltimore is a top destination for Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor.
Baltimore's Penn Station is one of the busiest in the country. As of 2014,
Penn Station was ranked the seventh-busiest rail station in the United States
by number of passengers served each year.[306] The building sits on a raised
"island" of sorts between two open trenches, one for the Jones Falls
Expressway and the other for the tracks of the Northeast Corridor (NEC). The
NEC approaches from the south through the two-track, 7,660 feet (2,330 m)
Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel, which opened in 1873 and whose 30 mph
(50 km/h) limit, sharp curves, and steep grades make it one of the NEC's
worst bottlenecks. The NEC's northern approach is the 1873 Union Tunnel,
which has one single-track bore and one double-track bore.
Just outside the city, Baltimore/Washington International (BWI) Thurgood
Marshall Airport Rail Station is another stop. Amtrak's Acela Express,
Palmetto, Carolinian, Silver Star, Silver Meteor, Vermonter, Crescent, and
Northeast Regional trains are the scheduled passenger train services that
stop in the city. MARC commuter rail service connects the city's two main
intercity rail stations, Camden Station and Penn Station, with Washington,
D.C.'s Union Station as well as stops in between. The MARC consists of 3
lines; the Brunswick, Camden and Penn. On December 7, 2013, the Penn
Line began weekend service.[307]
Charm City Circulator Van Hool on
the Orange Line
Baltimore Pennsylvania Station in
Baltimore, the seventh-busiest rail
station in the nation
Airports
Baltimore is served by two airports, both operated by the Maryland Aviation
Administration, which is part of the Maryland Department of Transportation.
[308] Baltimore–Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport,
generally known as "BWI", lies about 10 miles (16 km) to the south of
Baltimore in neighboring Anne Arundel County. The airport is named after
Thurgood Marshall, a Baltimore native who was the first African American to
serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. In terms of passenger
traffic, BWI is the 22nd busiest airport in the United States.[309] As of 2014,
BWI is the largest, by passenger count, of three major airports serving the
Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area. It is accessible by I-95 and the
Baltimore–Washington Parkway via Interstate 195, the Baltimore Light Rail,
and Amtrak and MARC Train at BWI Rail Station.
The interior of Baltimore–
Washington International Thurgood
Marshall Airport, Baltimore's
international commercial airport
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Baltimore is also served by Martin State Airport, a general aviation facility, to the northeast in Baltimore County.
Martin State Airport is linked to downtown Baltimore by Maryland Route 150 (Eastern Avenue) and by MARC
Train at its own station.
Pedestrians and bicycles
Baltimore has a comprehensive system of bicycle routes in the city. These routes are not numbered, but are
typically denoted with green signs displaying a silhouette of a bicycle upon an outline of the city's border, and
denote the distance to destinations, much like bicycle routes in the rest of the state. The roads carrying bicycle
routes are also labelled with either bike lanes, sharrows, or Share the Road signs. Many of these routes pass
through the downtown area. The network of bicycle lanes in the city continues to expand, with over 140 miles
(230 km) added between 2006 and 2014.[310] Alongside bike lanes, Baltimore has also built bike boulevards,
starting with Guilford Avenue in 2012.
Baltimore has three major trail systems within the city. The Gwynns Falls Trail runs from the Inner Harbor to
the I-70 Park and Ride, passing through Gwynns Falls Park and possessing numerous branches. There are also
many pedestrian hiking trails traversing the park. The Jones Falls Trail runs from the Inner Harbor to the
Cylburn Arboretum. It is undergoing expansion. Long-term plans call for it to extend to the Mount Washington
Light Rail Stop, and possibly as far north as the Falls Road stop to connect to the Robert E. Lee boardwalk north
of the city. It will incorporate a spur alongside Western Run. The two aforementioned trails carry sections of the
East Coast Greenway through the city.
The Herring Run Trail runs from Harford Road east, to its end beyond Sinclair Lane, utilizing Herring Run Park.
Long-term plans call for its extension to Morgan State University and north to points beyond. Other major
bicycle projects include a protected cycle track installed on both Maryland Avenue and Mount Royal Avenue,
expected to become the backbone of a downtown bicycle network. Installation for the cycletracks is expected in
2014 and 2016, respectively.
In addition to the bicycle trails and cycletracks, Baltimore has the Stony Run Trail, a walking path that will
eventually connect from the Jones Falls north to Northern Parkway, utilizing much of the old Ma and Pa
Railroad corridor inside the city. In 2011, the city undertook a campaign to reconstruct many sidewalk ramps in
the city, coinciding with mass resurfacing of the city's streets. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Baltimore the
14th-most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.[311]
Port of Baltimore
The port was founded in 1706, preceding the founding of Baltimore. The Maryland colonial legislature made the
area near Locust Point as the port of entry for the tobacco trade with England. Fells Point, the deepest point in
the natural harbor, soon became the colony's main ship building center, later on becoming leader in the
construction of clipper ships.[312]
After Baltimore's founding, mills were built behind the wharves. The California Gold Rush led to many orders for
fast vessels. Many overland pioneers also relied upon canned goods from Baltimore. After the Civil War, a coffee
ship was designed here for trade with Brazil. At the end of the nineteenth century, European ship lines had
terminals for immigrants. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad made the port a major transshipment point.
[313]: 17, 75 The port has major roll-on/roll-off facilities, as well as bulk facilities, especially steel handling.[314]
Water taxis operate in the Inner Harbor. Governor Ehrlich participated in naming the port after Helen Delich
Bentley during the 300th anniversary of the port.[315]
In 2007, Duke Realty Corporation began a new development near the Port of Baltimore, named the Chesapeake
Commerce Center. This new industrial park is located on the site of a former General Motors plant. The total
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project comprises 184 acres (0.74 km2) in eastern Baltimore City, and the site
will yield 2,800,000 square feet (260,000 m2) of warehouse/distribution and
office space. Chesapeake Commerce Center has direct access to two major
Interstate highways (I-95 and I-895) and is located adjacent to two of the
major Port of Baltimore terminals. The Port of Baltimore is one of two
seaports on the U.S. East Coast with a 50-foot (15 m) dredge to accommodate
the largest shipping vessels.[316]
Along with cargo terminals, the port also has a passenger cruise terminal,
which offers year-round trips on several lines, including Royal Caribbean's
Grandeur of the Seas and Carnival's Pride. Overall five cruise lines have
operated out of the port to the Bahamas and the Caribbean, while some ships
traveled to New England and Canada. The terminal has become an
embarkation point where passengers have the opportunity to park and board
next to the ship visible from Interstate 95.[317]
The Inner Harbor in Baltimore
Passengers from Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey make up a third of
the volume, with travelers from Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C. and
other regions accounting for the rest.[318]
Environment
Baltimore's Inner Harbor, known for its skyline waterscape and its touristfriendly areas, was horribly polluted. The waterway was often filled with
garbage after heavy rainstorms, failing its 2014 water quality report card. The
Waterfront Partnership of Baltimore took steps to remediate the waterways,
in hopes that the harbor would be fishable and swimmable once again.
The Port of Baltimore with the
Washington Monument in the
background in 1849
Trash interceptors
Baltimore has four water wheel trash interceptors for removing garbage in
area waterways. One is at the mouth of Jones Falls in Baltimore's Inner
Harbor, dubbed "Mr. Trash Wheel".[319] Another, "Professor Trash Wheel"
was added at Harris Creek in the Canton neighborhood in 2016,[320][321] with
"Captain Trash Wheel" following at Mason Creek in 2018[322] and "Gwynnda,
the Good Wheel of the West" at the mouth of the Gwynns Falls in 2021.[323] A
February 2015 agreement with a local waste-to-energy plant is believed to
make Baltimore the first city to use reclaimed waterway debris to generate
electricity.[324]
Francis Scott Key Bridge crossing
the Port of Baltimore
Other water pollution control
In August 2010, the National Aquarium assembled, planted, and launched a floating wetland island designed by
Biohabitats in Baltimore's Inner Harbor.[325] Hundreds of years ago, Baltimore's harbor shoreline would have
been lined with tidal wetlands. Floating wetlands provide many environmental benefits to water quality and
habitat enhancement, which is why the Waterfront Partnership of Baltimore has included them in their Healthy
Harbor Initiative pilot projects.[326] Biohabitats also developed a concept to transform a dilapidated wharf into a
living pier that cleans Harbor water, provides habitat and is an aesthetic attraction. Currently under design, the
top of the pier will become a constructed tidal wetland.[327]
Other projects to improve water quality include the Blue Alleys project, expanded street sweeping, and stream
restoration.[319]
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Air quality and pollution
Since 1985 the Wheelabrator incinerator, formerly known as the Baltimore
Refuse Energy Systems Co., has operated as a waste-to-energy incinerator.
The incinerator is a significant source of air pollution to nearby
neighborhoods. Several environmental groups, such as the Environmental
Integrity Project, and the Chesapeake Climate Action Network, have been
successful in advocating for reinforced pollution monitoring. According to
Shashawnda Campbell, the incinerator is "the city's single largest standing
source of air pollution".[328]
Media
The "Mr. Trash Wheel" trash
interceptor at the mouth of the
Jones Falls River in Baltimore's
Inner Harbor
Baltimore's main media outlet since 2010 is The Baltimore Sun which was
sold by its Baltimore owners in 1986 to the Times Mirror Company,[329] and
then bought by the Tribune Company in 2000.[330] Since the sale, The Baltimore Sun prints some local news
along with regional and national articles. The Baltimore News-American, another long-running paper that
competed with the Sun, ceased publication in 1986.[331]
The city is home to the Baltimore Afro-American, an influential African American newspaper founded in 1892.
[332][333]
In 2006, The Baltimore Examiner was launched to compete with The Sun. It was part of a national chain that
includes The San Francisco Examiner and The Washington Examiner. In contrast to the paid subscription Sun,
The Examiner was a free newspaper funded solely by advertisements. Unable to turn a profit and facing a deep
recession, The Baltimore Examiner ceased publication on February 15, 2009.[334]
Despite being located 40 miles northeast of Washington, D.C., Baltimore is a major media market in its own
right, with all major English language television networks represented in the city. WJZ-TV 13 is a CBS owned and
operated station, and WBFF 45 (Fox) is the flagship of Sinclair Broadcast Group, the largest station owner in the
country. Other major television stations in Baltimore include WMAR-TV 2 (ABC), WBAL-TV 11 (NBC), WUTB 24
(TBD), WBFF-DT2 45.2 (MyNetworkTV), WNUV 54 (CW), and WMPB 67 (PBS). Baltimore is also served by
low-power station WMJF-CD 39 (Ion), which transmits from the campus of Towson University.
Nielsen ranked Baltimore as the 27th-largest television market in 2009.[335] Arbitron's Fall 2010 rankings
identified Baltimore as the 22nd-largest radio market.[336]
Notable people
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Spiro Agnew, 39th U.S. vice president under Richard Nixon
Eubie Blake, jazz pianist and composer
Muggsy Bogues, former professional basketball player
Julie Bowen, actress
Christine Michel Carter, author and marketing strategist
Tom Clancy, author of the Ryanverse book series
Elijah Cummings, former U.S. Congressman and civil rights activist
Gervonta Davis, professional boxer and four-time world champion in two weight classes
Cass Elliot, born Ellen Naomi Cohen, singer and member of the Mamas & the Papas
Daniel Coit Gilman, founding president of Johns Hopkins University
Stavros Halkias, stand-up comedian
Kyle Harrison, professional lacrosse player and first black Tewaaraton Award recipient
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Baltimore - Wikipedia
36 of 57
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
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▪
▪
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▪
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▪
▪
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
David Hasselhoff, actor, producer, and businessman
Johns Hopkins, entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist, and namesake of Johns Hopkins University
Thurgood Marshall, U.S. Supreme Court justice
H. L. Mencken, journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic, and scholar of American English
Joe Metheny, serial killer and cannibal
Ric Ocasek, rock musician and lead singer of the Cars
Bob Parsons, Entrepreneur, billionaire, and philanthropist Founded the GoDaddy group of companies
Nancy Pelosi, former Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
Michael Phelps, swimmer and all-time leader in Olympic medals
Edgar Allan Poe, poet
Emily Post, author of etiquette books
Lance Reddick, actor and musician
Babe Ruth, professional baseball player and Baseball Hall of Fame inductee
Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor
Jada Pinkett Smith, actress, singer, and businesswoman
M. Carey Thomas, educator, suffragist, and linguist
Anne Tyler, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist
John Waters, filmmaker
D. Watkins, screenwriter, author, public intellectual
Biddy Wood, journalist and jazz promoter
Frank Zappa, rock musician
International relations
Baltimore has eleven sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:[337][338]
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▪
▪
Alexandria, Egypt (1995, B)
Ashkelon, Israel (1974)
Changwon, South Korea (2018, B)
Gbarnga, Liberia (1973, B)
Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (1979, B)
Luxor, Egypt (1995, B)
Odesa, Ukraine (1974, B)
Piraeus, Greece (1982, B)
Rotterdam, Netherlands (1985, B)
Xiamen, China (1985, B)
Bendigo, Australia (2023)
Baltimore's own Sister City Committees recognize nine of these sister cities, indicated above with a "B" notation.
[339]
Three additional sister cities have "emeritus status":[337]
▪ Genova, Italy (1985)[340]
▪ Ely O'Carroll, Ireland
▪ Bremerhaven, Germany (2007)
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
Baltimore Development Corporation
Baltimore in fiction
Baltimore National Heritage Area
Bluegrass in Baltimore: The Hard Drivin' Sound and Its Legacy (Book on the history of the Appalachian
migrants' move into the city in the 20th century)
▪ History of the Germans in Baltimore, Maryland
▪ USS Baltimore, 6 ships
▪ Category:Cemeteries in Baltimore
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Baltimore portal
Explanatory notes
a. The form and type of government of the city is described by Article XI of the State Constitution.
b. Officially, seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from 0.7 in (1.8 cm) in 1949–50 to 77.0 in (196 cm) in
2009–10. See North American blizzard of 2009#Snowfall (December 19–20, 2009), February 5–6, 2010
North American blizzard#Snowfall, and February 9–10, 2010 North American blizzard#Impact. The February
storms contributed to a monthly accumulation of 50.0 in (127 cm), the most for any month.[143] If no snow fell
outside of February that winter, 2009–10 would still rank as 5th snowiest.[144]
c. Since 1950, when the National Weather Service switched to using the suburban and generally cooler BWI
Airport as the official Baltimore climatology station, this extreme has repeated three times: January 29, 1963,
January 17, 1982, and January 22, 1984.
d. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point
during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
e. For more information, see ThreadEx (http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/)
f. From 15% sample
g. Including Evangelical Protestants (19%), Mainline Protestants (16%) and Historically Black Protestants
(15%).[181]
References
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General bibliography
▪ Brooks, Neal A. & Eric G. Rockel (1979). A History of Baltimore County. Towson, Maryland: Friends of the
Towson Library.
▪ Crenson, Matthew A. (2017). Baltimore: A Political History. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
▪ Dorsey, John, & James D. Dilts (1997). A Guide to Baltimore Architecture. Third Edition. Centreville,
Maryland: Tidewater Publishers. (First edition published in 1973.) ISBN 0-87033-477-8.
▪ Hall, Clayton Coleman (1912). Baltimore: Its History and Its People. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing
Company. Vol. 1 (https://archive.org/details/baltimoreitshist01hall).
▪ Orser, Edward W. (1994). Blockbusting in Baltimore: the Edmonston Village Story. University Press of
Kentucky.
▪ Scharf, J. Thomas (1879). History of Maryland from the Earliest Period to the Present Day. Baltimore: John
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▪
▪
▪
▪
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
B. Piet. Vol. 1 (https://archive.org/details/historymaryland01thomgoog); Vol. 2 (https://archive.org/details/histo
rymaryland00thomgoog); Vol. 3 (https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02thomgoog).
Thomas, Isaiah (1874). The history of printing in America, with a biography of printers (https://archive.org/det
ails/historyofprintin01thom). Vol. I. New York, B. Franklin.
Townsend, Camilla (2000). Tales of Two Cities: Race and Economic Culture in Early Republican North and
South America: Guyaquil, Ecuador, and Baltimore, Maryland. University of Texas Press.
ISBN 0-292-78167-9.
Wroth, Lawrence C. (1922). A History of Printing in Colonial Maryland, 1686–1776 (https://archive.org/detail
s/historyofprintin00wrotuoft). Baltimore : Typothetae of Baltimore.
Wroth, Lawrence C. (1938). The Colonial Printer (https://archive.org/details/colonialprinter00wrot). Portland,
Me., The Southworth-Anthoensen press.
Further reading
▪ Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980
(Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. online (https://
archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1); see index at pp. 406–411 for list.
▪ Malka, Adam (April 2018). The Men of Mobtown; Policing Baltimore in the Age of Slavery and Emancipation
(https://uncpress.org/book/9781469636290/the-men-of-mobtown/#:~:text=Policing%20Baltimore%20in%20th
e%20Age%20of%20Slavery%20and%20Emancipation&text=The%20post%E2%80%93Civil%20War%20triu
mph,%E2%80%9D%20are%20very%2C%20very%20old.) (Hardcover). Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-3629-0.
External links
Official website (http://www.baltimorecity.gov/)
Baltimore City Council (http://www.baltimorecitycouncil.com/)
Visit Baltimore – official Destination Marketing Organization (http://www.baltimore.org/)
Baltimore City Public Schools (http://www.baltimorecityschools.org/)
Baltimore Development Corporation (http://baltimoredevelopment.com/)
Baltimore City Maps (https://archive.today/20121211082423/http://www.library.jhu.edu/collections/specialcolle
ctions/maps/baltimore/baltoverview.html), historic maps at the Sheridan Libraries.
▪ Papenfuse: Atlases and Maps of Baltimore City and County, 1876–1915 & Block Maps (http://mdhistory.net/
msaref07/html/index.html), April 2005
▪ The Wall Street Journal: Baltimore Demographics (http://graphics.wsj.com/baltimore-demographics/), 2015.
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