Pathophysiology Concept Map
Risk factors
Signs and symptoms
Age
Abnormal Heart sounds
Alcohol
Bilateral BP’s significantly different
Diabetes
Orthostatic changes in BP and HR
Excess dietary sodium
Systolic>130 ;Diastolic> 80
Family History
Decreased or Absent Peripheral Pulses
Obesity
Peripheral Edema
Potential complications
Heart Disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral Vascular disease
Nephrosclerosis
Retinal Damage
Sedentary Lifestyle
Stress
Disease Process: Hypertension
Pathophysiology (Definition/etiology, chronicity and prognosis
Primary hypertension (essential or idiopathic) is elevated BP without an identified cause. There are multiple contributing factors, these include
changes in endothelial function related to either vasoconstricting or vasodilating agents, increased SNS activity, overproduction of sodiumretaining hormones, increased sodium intake, greater than ideal body weight, age, family history, ethnicity, diabetes, tobacco use, and excess
alcohol intake.
Laboratory and Diagnostic studies
Routine urinalysis BUN, and serum creatinine levels are used to screen
for renal involvement and provide baseline information about kidney
function
Blood glucose levels aid in the diagnosis of diabetes
A lipid profile gives information about risk factors related to
atherosclerosis and CVD
Medical and Nursing treatments
Periodic BP monitoring
Nutritional therapy
Regular, moderate physical activity
Stress management techniques
Antihypertensive drugs
Tobacco cessation
Source________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
An electrocardiogram (ECG) gives baseline information about heart
status