Tomas Claudio Colleges Morong, Rizal GRADUATE STUDIES PROGRAM Name of Presenter: MARIA SHIELA L. LOZADA Subject: EDUC 201 – FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION Topic: NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF LEADERSHIP, THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP AND PUBLIC RELATION Professor: DR. PAULA CRISTIN JADE C. PEÑARANDA Date: July 23, 2022 Effective leaders take a personal interest in the long-term development of their employees, and they use tact and other social skills to encourage employees to achieve their best. It isn’t about being “nice” or “understanding”—it’s about tapping into individual motivations in the interest of furthering an organization wide goal. by W.C.H. Prentice Introduction: Leadership is the accomplishment of a goal through the direction of human assistants. The man who successfully marshals his human collaborators to achieve particular ends is a leader. A great leader is one who can do so day after day, and year after year, in a wide variety of circumstances. He may not possess or display power; force or the threat of harm may never enter into his dealings. He may not be popular; his followers may never do what he wishes out of love or admiration for him. He may not ever be a colorful person; he may never use memorable devices to dramatize the purposes of his group or to focus attention on his leadership. As for the important matter of setting goals, he may actually be a man of little influence, or even of little skill; as a leader he may merely carry out the plans of others. NATURE OF LEADERSHIP LEADERSHIP Process of inspiring others to work hard to accomplish important tasks. Power Visionary leadership Servant leadership Empowerment Note: Remember the difference between a boss and a leader ELEMENTS OF LEADERSHIP 1. Ability to use power effectively and in a responsible manner. Power is a much broader concept than authority. It is the ability of individual to induce or influence the beliefs or actions of other persons or group of persons, while authority is the right in a position of the person to exercise discretion in making decisions affecting others. 2. Ability to comprehend that human beings have different motivation forces at different times and in different situations. Basically, understanding of people. The leader should know the motivation theory and is able to relate it into meaningful practice. 3. Ability to inspire. Inspire followers to apply their full capabilities to an undertaking. They may possess the qualities of charisma that may give rise to devotion, commitment, and loyalty, and in effect, a strong desire on the part of subordinates to promote what they want leaders to accomplish for the organization. 4. Ability to act in a manner that will develop a climate conducive to responding to and arousing motivations. Has to do with the style of the leader and the climate he develops. The more leaders understand what motivates their subordinates ang how these motivations operate. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Mahatma Gandhi "Great leaders are born, not made“ According to this point of view, great leaders are simply born with the necessary internal characteristics such as charisma, confidence, intelligence, and social skills that make them natural-born leaders. Great man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent—that great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic, and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term "Great Man" was used because, at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership. Similar in some ways to Great Man theories, trait theories assume that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify a particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. For example, traits like extroversion, self-confidence, and coura ge are all traits that could potentially be linked to great leaders. Focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. That truly effective leadership is not just about the qualities of the leader, it is about striking the right balance between behaviors, needs, and context. The situational theory of leadership suggests that no single leadership style is best. Instead, it depends on which type of leadership and strategies are best-suited to the task. According to this theory, the most effective leaders are those that are able to adapt their style to the situation and look at cues such as the type of task, the nature of the group, and other factors that might contribute to getting the job done. Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Consider it the flip-side of the Great Man theories. This leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders, not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. Management theories, also known as transactional theories, focus on the role of supervision, organization, and group performance. These theories base leadership on a system of rewards and punishments. Managerial theories are often used in business; when employees are successful, they are rewarded and when they fail, they are reprimanded or punished. Relationship theories, also known as transformational theories, focus upon the connections formed between leaders and followers. Transformational leaders motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. “LEADERSHIP is ACTION not POSITION.” PUBLIC RELATION What is Public Relation? Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public. The aim of public relations by a company often is to persuade the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions. Public Relation is essentially defensive… It is a corporate armour that the company can wear which would protect the company during adverse times. Public relations can also be defined simply as the practice of managing communication between an organization and its publics. Marston’s four-step “RACE” model describes the Public Relation process: Research brings out the SWOT ( Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat). Research is necessary to do before taking any further step. Insights of PR plannings are customer needs, target audience, demographics, what customers want, where they get all the information from ( TV, Newspaper, Magazines, etc.). This includes what information is needed to communicate and what action we should take while delivering the information. The information must be newsworthy. It must be related to what your target audience wants from you. Involving information and content to deliver. This talks about what information you are going to deliver in your action plan to the target audience with effective media. This is the most important step where you find out the effectiveness of content delivered to the target audience. It shows the result of your PR campaign and the effectiveness of the content. Function of Public Relation Promoting goodwill Promoting product, service, corporate image Corporate communications Lobbying Counteracting negative publicity Advantages of Public Relation Credibility Credibility Cost Avoidance of Clutter Lead Generation Ability to reach specific groups Image Building Disadvantages of Public Relation Difficult to quantify PR benefits Lack of control “Deft” management required “PR means telling the truth and working ethically – even when all the media want is headlines and all the public wants is scapegoats. Public relations fails when there is no integrity.” – Viv Segal REFERENCE: https://www.academia.edu/9410798/The_Nature_of_Public_Relation https://www.roberthalf.jp/en/managementadvice/leadership/nature#:~:text=A%20leader%20binds%20a%20group,and%20guidelin es%2C%20and%20enforce%20culture. https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/7614/1/Unit-1.pdf https://www.verywellmind.com/leadership-theories-2795323
