Junior High School
Grade 8
English
ENGLISH LEARNING KIT
First Quarter
Context Clues
Grade 8-English
Competency:
Grade
8-English Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by noting context clues
(EN8V-If-6)Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by
Competency:
noting context clues
(EN8V-If-6)
English – Grade 8
English Learning Kit
Context Clues
First Edition, 2020
Published in the Philippines
By the Department of Education
Schools Division of Iloilo
Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.
Development Team of English Learning Kit
Writer: Edilyn R. Lechoncito
Illustrator: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Mark T. Dasa
Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Armand Glenn S. Lapor,
Jun Victor F. Bactan, Ricky T. Salabe
Division Quality Assurance Team: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Leopoldo P. Quiñon Jr.
Ana Liza P. Suycano
Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Grade 8-English
Competency: Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by noting context clues
(EN8V-If-6)
Introductory Message
Welcome to Grade 8 English.
The English Learning Kit is a product of the collaborative efforts of the Division
of Iloilo Secondary English Teachers Association (DISETA) and the Division English
Coordinators Association (DECA) writers, illustrators, layout artists, reviewers, editors,
and Quality Assurance Team from the Department of Education, Schools Division of
Iloilo. This is developed to guide you dear learning facilitators in helping our learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum.
The English Learning Kit aims to guide our learners in accomplishing activities
at their own pace and time. This also aims to assist learners in developing and
achieving the lifelong learning skills while considering their needs and situations.
For learning facilitator:
The English Learning Kit is developed to address the current needs
of the learner to continue learning in the comforts of their homes or learning centers.
As the learning facilitator, make sure that you give them clear instructions on how to
study and accomplish the given activities in the material. Learner’s progress must be
monitored.
For the learner:
The English Learning Kit is developed to help you, dear learner, in your
needs to continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material aims
to primarily provide you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent
learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand to follow the
instructions given.
Grade 8-English
Competency: Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by noting context clues
(EN8V-If-6)
Defining Context Clues
BEGIN
Developing a relatively wide
vocabulary is one of the best things you
can do to improve your reading skills. By
learning about words, knowing their
meaning and keeping them in a
permanent part of one’s word register.
You can also acquire a wide vocabulary
by getting curious about unfamiliar
words, desiring to know their meanings
in order to understand them.
Each word you read or write, in
order to make sense, depends on the
other words in the sentence. These
other words are called the context of a
word. By studying these surrounding
words, you can pick up hints or clues
which will help you figure out the
meaning of a difficult word. Knowing
something about these clues can help
one sharpen one’s word-attack skills and
improve one’s overall reading ability.
TARGET
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1.
Identify context clues, i.e. synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples,
comparison
1
2.
Define unknown words using context clues
3.
Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by
noting context clues
TRY THIS
Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter that gives the meaning of
the underlined word. Then, use your notebook to write the letter of your answers.
1. The Philippine peso fluctuates due to its economic instability.
A. changes
B. decreases
C. disappears
D. improves
2. When two or more crops are planted at the same time on the same farm, the
system of farming is said to be diversified.
A. old
B. similar
C. simple
D. varied
3. Jeepneys and other forms of transportation are ubiquitous in the road and
highways.
A. seen everywhere
C. source of pollution
B. slow moving
D. very important
4. A person’s strength needs to be replenished in order to accomplish ones task.
A. encouraged
B. lessened
C. renewed
D. resisted
5. The wanton destruction of our forests can lead to flash floods and soil erosion.
A. legal
B. reckless
C. religious
D. sacred
6. The boy rarely comes to school late, he wakes up early every morning since he is
excited to learn.
A. hardly ever
B. often
C. seldom
D. sometimes
7. Digging in her mother’s treasure box, she uncovered a beautiful necklace.
A. buried
B. hid
C. threw out
D. found
8. Having a powerful muscle, the young man can uproot a tree.
A. fast
B. large
C. strong
D. weak
Directions: Answer the following by choosing the best letter. Write your answer in
your notebook.
9. She forgot what she needs to say to her teacher. What word means the opposite
of forgot?
A. caught
B. forget
C. remembered
D. undid
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10. Monkeys can leap from tree to tree. What word means the same as leap?
A. drop
B. hop
C. jump
D. walk
DO THIS
ACTIVITY 1: GUESS THE WORD
Directions: Each sentence uses a synonym for the underlined word. By using the
context clues in each statement, give your own definition or meaning of the target
word. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. The fictional genre-novels, dramas, short stories, folk tales- are available at
the library.
2. These merits: awards, certificates, educational degrees, diplomas, works of art.
3. In the last game, there was a passel of people watching; yesterday there
were only five pairs in the playground.
4. You have to pray hard for the absolution or excuse of your sins.
5. Most of the fags, Marlboro, Philip Morris, Hope and Champion, are sold in that store.
Process questions:
1. What type of context clue did you use?
2. What strategy did you use to determine the unknown word?
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ACTIVITY 2: WORD DETECTIVES
Directions: Read the following sentences and identify the type of context clue the
sentence belong to. Choose the best answer to the meaning of the unknown word by
writing your answers in your notebook.
Sentences
Types
Meaning
1. Due to the rising number of
COVID-19 cases, the Philippine
government provides incentives
for Filipino people to stay at
home, get financial help and be
free from the virus.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Antonym
Definition
Example
Synonym
(A) Encouragements
(B) Penalties
(C) Punishments
(D) Warnings
2. The adverse effects of this
drug including dizziness, nausea,
and headaches, have caused it to
be withdrawn from the market.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Antonym
Definition
Example
Synonym
(A) Energetic
(B) Excited
(C) Good
(D) Harmful
3. Nocturnal creatures, such as
bats, owls, and fireflies have
highly developed senses that
empower them to function in the
dark.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Antonym
Definition
Example
Synonym
(A) Active at night
(B) Feathered
(C) Living
(D) Odd
4. Some politicians do not give
succinct answers. They prefer
long ones that can help them
avoid the point.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Antonym
Definition
Example
Synonym
(A) Accurate
(B) Brief
(C) Complete
(D) Complex
5. A famous vlogger visited
Intramuros and featured “kalesa”,
a two-wheeled horse-drawn
carriage in his vlogs.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Antonym
Definition
Example
Synonym
(A) House
(B) Raft
(C) Sport
(D) Transportation
Process questions:
1. What are the types of context clues?
2. How do you use context clues in a sentence?
4
EXPLORE
E
Great! You did an awesome job in
providing possible answers in the
activities. Now let us connect your
responses to the following questions.
Write your answers in your notebook or
journal.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is a context clue?
What is the importance of context clues?
How did you infer the meaning without defining it directly?
Why is it important to study the surrounding words of an unknown word?
Why is it important to identify and understand words you didn’t know?
How does increasing your vocabulary help your understanding of the world
around you?
KEEP THIS IN MIND
Excellent job! You have successfully made a
meaningful connection after answering the
previous activities. Now, the next part is
deepening your understanding about context
clues. Read well and enjoy.
As a learner it is very important that you understand words in a text that is in a
different language/dialect or words that refer to an unfamiliar culture. Context clues is
an effective way to determine the meaning of these words.
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Context Clues are statements that precede or come after the specific word or
expression. They provide us clues or hints that contribute to the meaning of the
word. There are different ways on how context clues are used.1
Types of Context Clues
1. Synonym/Restatement Clues- A word or phrase is used in the sentence that has
similar meaning.
Example: There are still some people in Siquijor who believe in barang or sorcery.
Notice the word “barang” and how its synonym or translation- “sorcery” came after it.
2. Antonym/Contrast Clues- The word’s meaning is clarified by a word or phrase
with opposite meaning.
Example: Filipinos value the bayanihan system, unlike in Western culture wherein
individuals prefer self-reliance.
Notice the concept “bayanihan” and its opposite- “self-reliance” that came after it.
With this in mind, we can deduce that bayanihan is associated with helping each
other out and camaraderie.
3. Description Clues- The word’s meaning is inferred by giving a description of a
situation or experience.
Example: The origami that Hiro created came in different colors; he
folded the paper systematically to create different animals like cranes, frogs, and
pandas.
Notice the word “origami” and how the text described what it is.
4. Example/Explanation Clues- The word’s meaning is explained in a sentence.
Example: Jan makes sure to maintain his gengsi, since it is important for Indonesian
to project a positive outer appearance to create an aura of status.
Notice the concept gengsi and how the text explained what it is.
1
Quipper. English 8, “Vocabulary Development: Words of the Local Culture”. Accessed July 8, 2020.
https:/link./quipperschool.com
6
5. Comparison Clues- The word’s meaning is being compared to the meaning of an
unfamiliar word.
Example: It is important for Thais to practice sanuk, this is to offset their everyday
struggles with work.
Notice how the concept of sanuk was used; it was compared to everyday struggles
with work. You can deduce what it means having fun.
6. Definition Clues- The author provides a direct (explicit) definition of an unknown
word in the sentence.
Example: Tehillah is a curator, a person who is responsible for looking after a
museum’s collection.
Notice how the concept curator and how the text defined what it is.
Remember!
Integrating local words or expressions allow us to learn more about the culture
of others. This can be in the form of values, philosophies, history, spiritually, arts,
religion, music, etc.
SUM UP
You are almost done with this
module. You have defined context clue and
determined the different ways to use it.
Now, let’s recap important things you have
learned.
Context Clues are statements that precede or come after the specific word or
expression. They provide us clues or hints that contribute to the meaning of the word.
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There are different ways on how context clues are used such as antonym/contrast
clues, comparison clues, definition clues, description clues, examples/explanation
clues, and, synonym/restatement clues.
APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
ACTIVITY 3: VOCABULARY DETECTIVES
Directions: Read the following lyrics of the folk song “Buyayang”. Look for at
least 5 unfamiliar words. Then, try to find out its meaning through context clues.
Write your answers in your notebook or journal
Buyayang
(English Version)
Strider, water strider on the water
I go sailing with nothing, no outrigger
Not a paddle, but just my arm flapping
And crazily I’m failing once I get to shore
In this Promised Land how clear the water
Clearly we want peace, native or stranger
But one day the dark clouds rained bullets
Life and livelihood were all broken and lost
Here in Mindanao we used to have a house
What used to be the house of our ancestors
They were gatherers of rattan and bamboo
To trade for little fishes from the sea
Once a father tilled the land peacefully
Helping mother tend the land they loved
Once a little child dreamed of going to school
But instead war and sickness were the rule
Come and look and understand
The beetles and the crickets make so much noise
It is broadcast all over the radio and the news
It is broadcast all over 4x
But they can’t hear the people’s voice.
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REFLECT
REFLECT
Well done! You have shown great
improvement after accomplishing all the
tasks in each lesson. This time you will
reflect on your work and rate your
confidence.
ACTIVITY 4: STOP, LOOK, GO!
Directions: Accomplish the info graphics. Write your answers in your journal or
notebook.
How are you doing so far?
1 THING I REALLY DO NOT UNDERSTAND
Thdo
2 THINGS I WANT TO ASK
3 THINGS I HAVE LEARNED
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LEARN MORE
ACTIVITY 5: FIGURE IT OUT
Directions: Determine the meaning of a word from the context of the passage.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Then, explain your answer. Write your
answers in your notebook.
WHO ARE THESE CHILDREN?
Mary Renault, Funeral Games
Their mahouts, who had come with
them from India, and knew them as a
mother knows her child, had worked on
them all yesterday in the high thatched
(5) elephants-sheds among the palm-trees;
crooning and clucking and slapping,
washing them in the canal; painting on
their foreheads, in ochre or scarlet or
green, scared symbols enlaced with
(10) elaborate scrollwork; draping their wrinkled
flanks with tasselled nets brilliantly dyed
and threaded with gold bullion; fastening
jewelled rosettes through slits in their
leather ears; grooming their tails and toes.
1. The word “mahouts” in line 1 means
A. elephant trainers
C. Indian wise men
B. canal workers
D. sacred painters
2. The word “ochre” in line 8 means
A. a jewelled rosette
B. a monster
C. color
D. elaborate scrollwork
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Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best
ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
answer in your notebook or journal.
Direction: Read and answer each questions carefully by writing the letter of your
choice in your notebook.
1. What is an effective way to know the definition of words that are from an unfamiliar
culture?
A. antonym
B. context
C. context clue
D. synonym
2. Which of these is not a kind of context clue used to unlock the meaning of words
that are exclusive to a group?
A. antonym
B. explanation
C. images
D. synonym
3. Which of these is a kind of context clue used to unlock the meaning of words that
are exclusive to a group?
A. clues
B. explanation
C. observation
D. research
4. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“The exquisite restaurant served hakaw, a Chinese delicacy wherein shrimp is
wrapped around a thin layer of gluten.”
A. cuisine
B. dessert
C. restaurant
D. sea creature
5. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“Some individuals will be joining next week’s karakul in Cavite. They will be lining up
in the streets, dance in honor of saints, with the brass band playing in the
background.”
A. contest
B. parade
C. prayer vigil
D. program
6. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“For three weeks, Atharah practiced sawn”. She refrained from eating anything from
sunrise up until sunset.
A. dance step
B. fasting
C. praying
D. sleep
7. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“Lois brought Elyse, who is her ditse to Araneta coliseum, it has been a while since
the siblings have watched a concert.
A. friend
B. mother
C. singer
D. sister
8. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“Sepak takraw allows players to use their head, feet and knee to exchange a rattan
ball over a net.”
A. activity
B. body part
C. sport
D. tree
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9. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“The balimbing which was freshly picked from the orchard is rich in vitamin C but is
very harmful to individuals having kidney problems.”
A. ailment
B. fruit
C. person
D. place
10. Determine the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below.
“The elders in the village took part in mah-jong wherein tiles with Chinese characters
and symbols are used for recreation.”
A. type of food
C. type of material; for house building
B. type of game
D. type of novel
GLOSSARY
Antonym/Contrast Clues
The word’s meaning is clarified by a word or
phrase with opposite meaning.
Comparison Clues
The word’s meaning has similar meaning as an
unfamiliar word.
Context
The parts of something written or spoken that
immediately precede and follow a word or passage
and clarify its meaning.
Context Clues
Statements that precede or come after the specific
word or expression.
Definition Clues-
The author provides a direct (explicit) definition of
an unknown word in the sentence.
Description Clues
The word’s meaning is inferred by giving a
description of a situation or experience.
Examples/Explanation Clues
The word’s meaning is explained in the sentence.
Synonym/Restatement Clues- A word or phrase is used in the sentence that has
similar meaning.
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ANSWER KEY
Try This
1. A
2. D
3. A
A. C
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. C
Activity 1 Guess the Word
Possible answers
1. Class
2. Achievements
3. Dozen
4. Forgiveness
5. Cigarettes
Process Questions- answers may vary
Activity 2 Word Detectives
1. Example- A
2. Example- D
4. Antonym- B
5.Definition- D
3. Example- A
Process Questions- answers may vary
Activity 3 Vocabulary Detectives
Answers may vary
Activity 4 Stop, Look, Go
Answers may vary
Activity 5 Figure it Out
1. A
2. C
Assess What You Have Learned
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. B
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REFERENCES
Andrew V. Murray, High School Subjects for Self-Study volume 1, (Quezon City,
Philippines: Success Unlimited Enterprises, 2014), pp. 139-142
Quipper, English 8, accessed July 8, 2020, https:/link./quipperschool.com ,
The Steck-Vaughn GED Skill book, United States of America: Steck-Vaughn Company,
1997),p.9
Vocab Gail, “How Word Parts and Context Clues Strategies Can Help Students Become
Better Test Takers,” March 19, 2019, https://www.sadlier.com
Ya-hui-Lu, “Differentiated Instruction in Teaching Vocabulary Context Clues,” Ping Jen
Senior High School, https:// www.english.tyhs.edu.tw
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