Abnormal Psychology Ch 10 (Barlow)
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1.
Covert
desensitization
cognitive-behavioral intervention to
reduce unwanted behaviors by having
clients imagine the extremely aversive
consequences of the behaviors and
establish negative rather than positive
associations with them
14.
Incest
deviant sexual attraction (pedophilia)
directed toward a family member; often the
attraction of a father toward a daughter who
is maturing physically
15.
Male
hypoactive
sexual desire
disorder
dysfunction in which a man feels distress
from having little or no sexual interest
2.
Delayed
ejaculation
disorder in which a man achieves orgasm
only with great difficulty
3.
Erectile disorder
recurring inability in some men to attain or
maintain adequate penile erection until
completion of sexual activity
16.
Male
Orgasmic
Disorder
5% of Canadian Men reportt a sexual
dysfunction involving the inability to achieve
orgasm.
4.
Exhibitionistic
disorder
sexual gratification attained by exposing
genitals to unsuspecting strangers
17.
Orgasmic
reconditioning
5.
Female orgasmic
disorder
recurring delay or absence of orgasm in
some women following a normal sexual
excitement phase, relative to their prior
experience and current stimulation
learning procedure to help clients
strengthen appropriate patterns of sexual
arousal by pairing appropriate stimuli with
the pleasurable sensations of masturbation
18.
Paraphilic
disorders
sexual disorders and deviations in which
sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in
the context of inappropriate objects or
individuals
19.
Pedophilia
paraphilia involving strong sexual attraction
toward children
20.
Premature
ejaculation
recurring ejaculation before the person
wishes it, with minimal sexual stimulation
21.
Relapse
Prevention
Patients are taught to recognize the early
signs of temptations and to instutute a
variety of self-control procedures before
their urges become too strong.
22.
Sex
reassignment
surgery
surgical procedures to alter a person's
physical anatomy to conform to that
person's psychological gender identity
23.
Sexual
dysfunction
sexual disorder in which the client finds it
difficult to function adequately while having
sex
24.
Sexual
masochism
paraphilia in which sexual arousal is
associated with experiencing pain or
humiliation
25.
Sexual sadism
paraphilia in which sexual arousal is
associated with inflicting pain or humiliation
26.
Transvestic
disorder
paraphilia in which individuals, usually
males, are sexually aroused or receive
gratification by wearing clothing of the
opposite sex
27.
Vaginismus
recurring involuntary muscle spasms in the
outer third of the vagina that interfere with
sexual intercourse
28.
Voyeuristic
disorder
paraphilic disorder in which sexual arousal
is derived from observing unsuspecting
individuals undressing or naked
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Female sexual
interest/arousal
disorder
recurrent inability in some women to attain
or maintain adequate lubrication and
sexual excitement swelling responses until
completion of sexual activity
Fetishistic
disorder
long-term, recurring, intense sexually
arousing urges, fantasies, or behavior that
involve the use of nonliving, unusual
objects and that cause distress or
impairment in life functioning
Frotteuristic
disorder
paraphilic disorder in which the person
gains sexual gratification by rubbing
against unwilling victims in crowds from
which they cannot escape
Gender
dysphoria
psychological dissatisfaction with
biological gender, a disturbance in the
sense of identity as a male or female. The
primary goal is not sexual arousal but
rather to live the life of the opposite
gender
Gender
nonconformity
a phenomenon in which pre-pubescent
children do not identify with their
biological sex, but instead identify
strongly with the gender of the opposite
sex and display varying degrees of
behavior more characteristic of the
opposite sex
11.
Genito-pelvic
pain/penetration
disorder
sexual dysfunction in which a woman
experiences pain or difficulty with
penetration during intercourse
12.
Heterosexual
behavior
Sex with opposite sex
13.
Homosexual
behavior
Sex with same sex
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY | Neurotransmitters
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1.
...
...
2.
5hydroxytryptamine
meaning of 5HT
3.
agonist
increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by mimicking its effects
4.
amino acid
neurotransmitter
includes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate
5.
antagonist
decreases or block a neurotransmitter
6.
catecholamine
similar chemical structure to epinephrine and norepinephrine is AKA ________
7.
dopamine
neurotransmitter which is associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease
8.
gammaaminobutyric acid
inhibitory neurotransmitter or inhibits the transmissiin of information and action potentials
9.
glutamate
Excitatory transmitter that turns on many different neurons, leading to action
10.
glutamate and
GABA
chemical brothers; balance functioning in the brain. operates independently at a molecular level, but the relative
balance of each in a cell will determine whether the neuron is activated or not
11.
inverse agonist
produces effects opposite to those produced by the neurotransmitter
12.
monoamine
neurotransmitter
includes norepinephrine/noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine
13.
norepinephrine
aka noradrenaline
14.
norepinephrine
controls respiration and emergency reaction or alarm responses
15.
reuptake
after a neurotransmitter is released, it is quickly drawn back from the synaptic cleft into the same neuron
16.
serotonin
Regulates our behavior, moods, and thought processes
Abnormal Psychology (Barlow and Durand) Chapter 11
Vocabulary
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1.
2.
Agonist substitution
Providing a safe drug that
has a chemical makeup
similar to the addictive
drug. Replacement of a
drug on which a person is
dependent with one having
a similar chemical makeup,
an agonist. Used as a
treatment for substance
dependence
Antagonist drugs
Medications that block or
counteract the effects of
psychoactive drugs
4.
__________ are antianxiety drugs
including Valium, Xanax,
Dalmane, and Halcion which is
also used to treat insomnia.
Effective against anxiety (and,
at high potency, panic
disorder), they show some
side effects, such as some
cognitive/motor impairment,
and may result in substance
dependence. Relapse rates
are extremely high when the
drug is discontinued.
benzodiazepines
________ are sedative (and
addictive) drugs including
Amytal, Seconal, and
Nembutal that are used as
sleep aids.
barbiturates
aversive treatment
Make use of drugs
extremely unpleasant and
abuse for alcoholism
6.
Barbiturates
Sedative and addictive drugs used as
sleep aids (and addictive) drugs including
Amytal, Seconal, and Nembutal that are
used as sleep aids
8.
Benzodiazepines
Anti-anxiety drugs also used to treat
insomnia. Side effects include some
cognitive and motor impairment and may
result in dependence. Anti-anxiety drugs,
including Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, and
Halcion, also used to treat insomnia.
Effective against anxiety (and, at high
potency, panic disorder), they show some
side effects, such as some cognitive and
motor impairment, and may result in
dependence and addiction. Relapse rates
are extremely high when the drug is
discontinued
9.
Controlled
drinking
An extremely controversial treatment
approach to alcohol dependence, in
which severe abusers are taught to drink
in moderation.
10.
Depressants
Psychoactive substances that result in
behavioral sedation including alcohol and
the sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic
drugs
11.
gamma
aminobutyric
acid (GABA)
system
Inhibitory neurotransmitter system that is
thought to be associated with excessive
anxiety
12.
Hallucinogens
Substances that alter sensory perception
and can produce delusions, paranoia, and
hallucinations. Any psychoactive
substances such as LSD or marijuana that
can produce delusions, hallucinations,
paranoia, and altered sensory perception
13.
harm reduction
Approach to substance abuse prevention
and treatment that seeks to minimize the
harm associated with substance use as its
primary goal (e.g. controlled drinking
interventions, safe injection sites for
injection drug users)
14.
impulse control
disorder
a number of related problems that involve
the inability to resist acting on a drive or
temptation. Inability to resist.
Alcohol use disorder
3.
5.
7.
(Ch 11, p. 399)
(Ch 11, p. 399)
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
_________ is the category of substances that
alter sensory perception and can produce
delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.
Included in this group is marijuana and LSD.
Hallucinogens
_________ is the category of substances that
cause an individual to be more active, alert
and can elevate mood. Included in this
group are amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine
and caffeine.
Stimulants
_________ is the category of substances that
result in behavioral sedation and can
induce relaxation. They include alcohol,
and the sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytic
drugs in the families of barbiturates and
benzodiazepines.
Depressants
_________ is the category of substances
whose major effect is to produce analgesia
temporarily (reduce pain) and euphoria.
Included in this group is heroin, opium,
codeine and morphine.
Opiates
________ ________ is the maladaptive pattern of
substance use characterized by the need
for increased amounts to achieve the
desired effect, negative physical effects
when the substance is withdrawn,
unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and
substantial effort expended to seek it or
recover from its effects.
Substance
dependence
___________ is the need for increased
amounts of a substance to achieve the
desired effect, and a diminished effect
with continued use of the same amount.
tolerance
_________ _________ is the pattern of
psychoactive substance use leading to
significant distress or impairment in social
and occupational roles and in hazardous
situations.
Substance
abuse
________ is the severely negative
physiological reaction to removal of a
psychoactive substance, which can be
alleviated by the same or a similar
substance.
withdrawal
LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide)
Most common
hallucinogenic
drug; a
synthetic
version of the
grain fungus
ergot
24.
Opiates
Addictive psychoactive
substances such as heroin, opium,
and morphine that cause
temporary euphoria and
analgesia (pain reduction)
25.
personality disorder
An enduring maladaptive pattern
for relating to the environment
and self, exhibited in a range of
contexts that cause significant
functional impairment or
subjective distress.
26.
Polysubstance abuse
Use of multiple mind- and
behavior-altering substances.
27.
_______ primarily
decrease central
nervous system activity.
Their principal effect is
to reduce levels of
physiological arousal
and help an individual
relax.
Depressants
28.
Psychoactive Substance
Substances that alter mood or
behavior.
29.
________ _________ refers to
the physiological
reaction to ingested
substances
(drunkenness or getting
high) which may be
experienced as impaired
judgment, mood
changes, and lowered
motor ability.
Substance intoxication
Point of intoxication depends on
three factors: which drug is taken,
how much is ingested and the
person's individual biological
reaction.
30.
Stimulants
Psychoactive substances that
elevate mood, activity, and
alertness, including
amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine,
and nicotine
31.
Substance abuse
Pattern of psychoactive substance
use leading to significant distress
or impairment in social and
occupational roles and in
hazardous situations.
32.
substance dependence
Maladaptive pattern of substance
use characterized by the need for
increased amounts to achieve the
desired effect, negative physical
effects when the substance is
withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to
control its use, and substantial
effort expended to seek it or
recover from its effects
(Ch 11, p. 395)
(Ch 11, p.395)
(Ch 11, p. 394)
(Ch 11, p. 395)
(Ch 11, p. 391)
(Ch 11, p. 391)
(Ch 11, p. 391)
(Ch 11, p. 391)
(Ch 11, p. 395)
(Ch 11, p. 390)
33.
Substance Disorders
stimulants :
Amphetamines, Cocaine, Nicotine, and Caffeine
34.
substance intoxication
Physiological reactions, such as impaired judgment and motor ability as well as mood changes, resulting
from the ingestion of psychoactive substances
35.
Substance-related
disorders
Range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs and other substances people use to alter
the way they think, feel, and behave.
Use and abuse of psychoactive substances, Significant impairment, Costs, and Polysubstance use
36.
tolerance
Need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with
continued use of the same amount
37.
Trichotillomania
The urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arms.
38.
trichotillomania
the urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body, including eyebrows, scalp, arms.
Abnormal Psychology Ch 12 (Barlow)
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1.
Antisocial
personality
disorder
Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
erratic) personality disorder involving a
pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation
of the rights of others
2.
Avoidant
personality
disorder
Cluster C - "WORRIED" (anxious or fearful)
personality disorder featuring a pervasive
pattern of social inhibition, feelings of
inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism
Borderline
personality
disorder
Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
erratic) personality disorder involving a
pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal
relationships, self-image, affects, and control
over impulses
Cluster A "WEIRD"
(Odd or
Eccentric)
Paranoid/Schizoid/Schizotypal
Cluster B "WILD"
(Dramatic,
emotional,
erratic)
Borderline/Narcissistic/Histrionic/Antisocial
Cluster C "WORRIED"
(Anxious or
Fearful)
Dependent/Avoidant/Obsessive-Compulsive
7.
Dependent
personality
disorder
Cluster C - "WORRIED" (anxious or fearful)
personality disorder characterized by a
person's pervasive and excessive need to be
taken care of that leads to submissive and
clinging behavior and fears of separation
8.
Dialectical
behavior
therapy
Promising treatment for borderline personality
disorder that involves exposing the client to
stressors in a controlled situation, as well as
helping the client regulate emotions and cope
with stressors that might trigger suicidal
behavior
9.
Histrionic
personality
disorder
Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
erratic) personality disorder involving a
pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality
and attention seeking
10.
Narcissistic
personality
disorder
Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
erratic) personality disorder involving a
pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or
behavior, need for admiration, and lack of
empathy
3.
4.
5.
6.
11.
Obsessivecompulsive
personaltiy
disorder
Cluster C - "WORRIED" (anxious or fearful)
personality disorder featuring a pervasive
pattern of preoccupation with orderliness,
perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal
control at the expense of flexibility, openness,
and efficiency
12.
Paranoid
personality
disorder
Cluster A - "WEIRD" (odd or eccentric)
personality disorder involving pervasive
distrust and suspiciousness of others such that
their motives are interpreted as malevolent
13.
Personality
disorder
Enduring maladaptive patterns for relating to
the environment and self, exhibited in a range
of contexts that cause significant functional
impairment or subjective distress
14.
Psychopathy
Non-DSM-IV-TR category similar to antisocial
personality disorder but with less emphasis on
overt behavior. Indicators include superficial
charm, lack of remorse, and other personality
characteristics
15.
Schizoid
personality
disorder
Cluster A - "WEIRD" (odd or eccentric)
personality disorder featuring a pervasive
pattern of detachment from social
relationships and a restricted range of
expression of emotions
16.
Schizotypal
personality
disorder
Cluster A - "WEIRD" ( odd or eccentric)
personality disorder involving a pervasive
pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring
acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity
for close relationships, as well as cognitive or
perceptual distortions and eccentricities of
behavior
Abnormal Psychology Ch 13 (Barlow)
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1.
...
...
2.
Affective
Flattening
Do not show emotions when you would
normally expect them to; may stare at you
vacantly, speak in a flat and toneless manner,
and seem unaffected by things going on
around them, however may be responding
on the inside
3.
Alogia
relative absence of speech; responds with
brief or "one word" answers and appear
uninterested
4.
Anhedonia
Without hedonic; lack of pleasure
experienced by some people with
schizophrenia
5.
6.
Associative
splitting
Separation among basic functions of human
personality (i.e. emotion and perception)
seen by some of the defining features of
schizophrenia
Auditory
Hallucinations
on brain scans studies found the speech area
of the brain was no more active that the
hearing area, indicating that schizophrenics
are hearing their own internal voice
manifested (as their own or another's voice)
7.
Avolition
Without an act of willing; inability to initiate
and persist in activities; show little interest in
performing day-to-day functions including
personal hygiene
8.
Avolition
(negative
symptom of
schizophrenia)
or apathy, it is difficult to get schizophrenics
to do anything, maybe if they get pushed
enough, they will start a project.
9.
Brief
psychotic
disorder
Presence of one OR MORE positive
symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations,
or disorganized speech or behavior lasting 1
month or less
10.
Catatonia
Alternating immobility and excited agitation;
acting like a statue and then being irritable
afterwards
11.
Catatonic
immobility
Unusual postures, as if they were fearful of
something terrible happening if they move;
may involve waxy flexibility or the tendency
to keep their bodies and limbs in the position
they are put in by someone else
12.
Delusional
disorder
Persistent belief that is contrary to reality, in
the absence of other symptoms of
schizophrenia
13.
Delusions
extreme disorders of thought content with
gross misinterpretations of reality
14.
Delusions of
grandeur
"I'm famous" or "I could be a star"
15.
Delusions of
persecution
"CIA satellites are watching us" or "the
president knows what I'm doing"
16.
Dementia
praecox
Kraepelin's term for the combination of
catatonia, hebephrenia, and paranoia. Early
onset of schizophrenia
17.
Disorganized
speech
Jumping from topic to topic, talking
illogically; communication problems
18.
Disorganized
symptoms of
schizophrenia
include
rambling speech, inappropriate affect, and
erratic behavior
19.
Erotomanic
Delusion
belief that someone famous (like a singer) is
in love with them and sending them hidden
messages through the TV
20.
grandiose
delusion
sudden feeling of being very important
"jerusalem syndrome"
21.
Hallucinations
experiences of sensory events without
environmental stimulation
22.
Hebephrenia
Silly and immature emotionality
23.
Inappropriate
affect
Laughing or crying at improper times
24.
Jealous
delusion
suspicion of infidelity plus a break with
reality where they believe they saw partner
with another person
25.
Most common
hallucinations
are
auditory
26.
Negative
symptoms
Absence or insufficiency of normal behavior
including apathy, poverty of (i.e. limited)
thought or speech, and emotional and social
withdrawal, and approximately 25% of
people with schizophrenia display these
symptoms
27.
Negative
symptoms of
schizophrenia
means
absence of normal behaviors
28.
Paranoia
Delusions of grandeur or persecution
29.
Persecutory
delusion
"someone" is out to get you
30.
Positive
symptoms
Obvious signs of psychosis including
disturbing experiences of delusions and
hallucinations. Between 50% and 70% of
people with schizophrenia experience
hallucinations, delusions, or both
31.
Prevalence of
Schizophrenia
1% of population on average in lifetime (1
in 100)
-moderate to severe lifetime impairment
-life expectancy is less than average
(suicide)
female: male= ~1:1
32.
Prodomal stage
1-2 year period before the serious
symptoms occur but when less severe
yet unusual behaviors start to show like
increased anxiety/irritability and social
withdrawal (experienced by 85%)
33.
Psychotic
behavior
Many unusual behaviors that involves
delusions (irrational beliefs) and/or
hallucinations (sensory experiences in the
absence of external events)
34.
Psychotic
disorder
associated with
another medical
condition
Condition that is characterized by
hallucinations or delusions that are the
direct result of another physiological
disorder (i.e brain tumor or stroke)
35.
Schizoaffective
disorder
Symptoms of schizophrenia AND exhibit
characteristics of mood disorders;
individuals tend not to get better on their
own and are likely to continue
experiencing major life difficulties for
many years
36.
Schizophrenia
Disorder characterized by cognitive and
emotional dysfunctions including
delusions and hallucinations,
disorganized speech and behavior, and
inappropriate emotions
37.
Schizophreniform
disorder
Experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia
for less than 6 months, then symptoms
disappear sometimes due to successful
treatment -most resume normal lives
38.
Schizotypal
personality
disorder
Related psychotic disorder;
characteristics are similar to those
experienced by people with
schizophrenia but are less severe
39.
Shared psychotic
disorder (folie a
deux)
Individual develops delusions simply as
a result of a close relationship with a
delusion individual -usually improves
after seperation
40.
Somatic delusion
anything related to the body. Someone
could believe an animal lives inside
them, or that one of their arms isn't theirs
41.
Substanceinduced
psychotic
disorder
Psychosis caused by the indigestion of
medications, psychoactive drugs, or
toxins
42.
Up to 70% of schizophrenia
patients experience these
"positive" symptoms (active
types of abnormal behavior)
Hallucinations and delusions
43.
Word Salad
when a schizophrenic says a
bunch of words that are so
scrambled and disorganized
that they don't make sense
Abnormal psychology 5,6,7 test 2
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A 35-year-old individual named Manny has
recently formulated an elaborate plan to
cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide
funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all
the money from his bank account and
purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and
small boxes in which to put them. When he
appeared at a hospital emergency room
loudly demanding names of patients with
AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for
psychiatric observation. What is your
diagnosis of Manny?
Manic
episode
According to Gray and McNaughton (1996),
the fight-or-flight system is partially
activated by deficiencies in the
neurotransmitter _______ in the brain.
serotonin
According to Jeffrey Gray, a British
neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition
system (BIS) is activated by danger signals
___________, resulting in the experience of
anxiety.
arising from
the brain
stem or
descending
from the
cortex
According to research studies reported in
the textbook, people with OCD who hold
fundamentalist religious beliefs often
present
attitudes of
inflated
responsibility.
According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the
symptoms of a panic attack develop
abruptly and reach a peak within _____
minute(s).
10
6.
Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear
of going out," derives from the Greek word
agora, meaning
marketplace
7.
Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to
be determined by
the extent to
which the
person
expects
another
panic attack
to occur.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.
All of the following are characteristics
common to specific phobias EXCEPT
decreased
arousal of
the
autonomic
nervous
system.
9.
Anxiety is closely related to which of the
following psychological disorders?
Depression
10.
The area of the brain most often associated
with anxiety is the
limbic
system
11.
At the time of assessment of an anxiety
disorder, _________ of patients should have at
least one other anxiety or depressive
disorder.
55%
12.
A child who is afraid of dogs because her
father was afraid of dogs is said to have a
________ vulnerability.
specific
psychological
13.
Debbie has been diagnosed with major
depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants
to know what to expect in the future
regarding her condition. You tell her that
according to recent research the median
lifetime number of major depressive
episodes is _____.
2-3
14.
During a dysphoric manic episode, the
patient experiences mania and ___________.
anxiety and
depression
15.
Fear activates a
surge of
energy in the
autonomic
nervous
system so we
can flee.
16.
Hideki was attending his fifth baseball
game at Condor Stadium, where he had
previously had a panic attack. He did not
know if he would have a panic attack today,
but shortly after entering the stadium, he
did. This type of panic attack is ____________.
cued
17.
An individual who suffers from panic
disorder might become anxious about
climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot
rooms because these activities produce
sensations similar to those accompanying a
panic attack. In psychological terms, the
exercise and hot rooms have become
__________.
conditioned
stimuli
18.
In regard to OCD, when the term "magical"
is used to refer to compulsive acts, it
means
the
compulsions
have no
logical
relation to the
obsessions.
19.
In the general population, as many as ____
of people suffer from social anxiety
disorder at some point in their lives.
12.1%
20.
In the type of specific phobia called
"blood-injury-injection," there is an
inherited vasovagal response and a
tendency
a decrease in
blood
pressure.
21.
In treating panic disorder, all of the
following types of medications are
used EXCEPT ________.
opiates
22.
____________ is characterized by
apprehension because of future
unpredictability, whereas ____________
is characterized by strong escapist
tendencies.
Anxiety; fear
23.
"I've got to get out of here right
now, or I may not make it!" This
statement is most likely to be said
by someone experiencing a(n)
fear reaction.
24.
The main difference between
situational phobia and panic
disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is
people with
situational phobia
never experience
panic attacks outside
the context of the
phobic situation.
Manuel had a fear of riding on
buses, so his mother had to drive
him to school every day. Manuel's
phobia is a(n) _________ phobia.
situational
26.
The median age of onset for a
specific phobia is ____.
7
27.
Members of the Falcons High
School senior class will have an
increased risk of developing
anxiety disorders if they
smoke 20 or more
cigarettes daily.
Most individuals who experience a
single episode of major depressive
disorder will
probably have several
episodes throughout
their lives
Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in
which she has occasional panic
attacks when shopping at the mall.
This type of panic attack is
referred to as _______________.
cued
30.
Panic attacks tend to occur most
often
during deep sleep
between 1:30 and
3:30 a.m.
31.
Panic attack studies suggest that
men
consume alcohol to
deal with panic
attacks.
25.
28.
29.
32.
Panic control treatment
a. was developed by
the textbook authors.
b. concentrates on
exposing the patients
to the cluster of
physical sensations
that remind them of
their panic attacks.
c. involves the
therapist to create
"mini" attacks in the
office.
*d. all of the above
33.
People tend to have their best
performance on tasks when they
are
a little anxious
34.
People with a psychological
vulnerability to panic attacks tend
to ________ normal physical
sensations.
catastrophize
35.
Persistent depressive disorder
(formerly called dysthymia) differs
from major depressive disorder
because people diagnosed with
dysthymia have symptoms of
depression that are ________.
longer-lasting
36.
The phenomenon known as
"isolated sleep paralysis" is most
likely to occur in _________ who suffer
from panic disorder.
African Americans
37.
Physiological assessments of panic
attacks recorded in the laboratory
indicate an increase in all of the
following EXCEPT ______________
finger temperature
38.
A psychological disorder in children
characterized by unrealistic and
persistent worry that something will
happen to their parents, which may
result in refusal to leave home is
called
separation anxiety
disorder.
39.
Research suggests that anxiety and
depression frequently
co-occur.
40.
Research suggests that people with
GAD worry
without images but
try to avoid the
associated negative
affect.
41.
Research suggests that we inherit a
tendency to be tense, which is
caused by multiple
genes
42.
Richard, whose case is described in the
textbook, was obsessed with the idea that
if he did not eat in a certain ritualistic way,
he would become possessed. This is an
aspect of OCD that is termed ________.
magical
53.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE
about a hypomanic manic episode?
It causes marked
impairment in
social or
occupational
functioning.
43.
Stressful life events - such as marriage,
divorce, familial death, or academic
pressures - trigger our vulnerabilities to
anxiety. These are examples of a
______________ contribution.
social
54.
Which of the following is the most
prevalent psychological disorder in the
general population?
Specific phobia
55.
Monica, a 50year-old woman
teenage girl had recently been having
panic attacks while shopping at the mall.
She was sitting in her room feeling very
depressed. To cheer her up, a friend
suggested that they both go to an exercise
class. Shortly after the warm-up started,
however, she had another panic attack.
What is the best explanation for this
occurrence?
The physical
sensations
experienced
during
exercise had
become an
internal cue
for panic to
occur.
Which of the following people living in
the United States is most likely to
develop GAD?
56.
Which physiological measure
consistently distinguishes individuals
with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
from non-anxious normal subjects
Increased muscle
tension
57.
Which type of panic attack is most
closely related to phobias?
Expected
45.
Unipolar mania
is rare.
46.
Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in
which female sufferers predominate, the
sex ratio is almost equal in
social phobia
47.
When people experience severe anxiety,
they
often know it
is irrational,
but can't help
it.
48.
Which of the following brain areas is NOT
closely associated with anxiety?
Hypothalamus
49.
Which of the following characterizes the
mood-state known as anxiety?
Apprehension
about the
future
50.
Which of the following is an accurate
statement about anxiety?
An inherited
tendency can
make us tense
or uptight.
51.
Which of the following is an accurate
statement about panic disorder?
Most
individuals
with panic
disorder will
also avoid
internal
sensations
that produce
physiological
arousal.
52.
Which of the following is NOT a basic type
of panic attack?
Situation
inevitable
44.
Abnormal Psychology Ch 1-16 (Barlow)
Study online at quizlet.com/_44ycvy
1.
according to several crosscultural research studies
reported in the textbook,
what is the prevalence of
OCD?
very similar across cultures
2.
according to the definition
of personality disorder, only
individuals who show _______
patterns of maladaptive
behavior should be
diagnosed with a personality
disorder
persistent
3.
Acute onset of a
psychological disorder
Begins suddenly
4.
Although abnormalities in
the structure and functioning
of the brain can be detected
by neuroimaging techniques,
current research is also
looking at
a possible association of
these abnormalities with
psychological disorders
5.
The APA definition of
substance abuse
defined in terms of how
significantly the use interferes
with the users life
-causes substantial
impairment
6.
area of the brain most
impacted by PTSD
hippocampus
7.
The area of the brain most
often associated with
anxiety
limbic system (including
amygdala)
8.
As part of the psychological
assessment, a mental status
exam is used to find out how
a person thinks, feels, and
behaves; it's primary
purpose, however, is to
determine
if a psychological disorder is
present
The best description of the
multidimensional integrative
approach to understanding
psychopathology is that it is
based on what?
Biological and psychological
causes
-biological include factors
from fields of genetics and
neuroscience
-psychological include casual
factors from cognitive and
behavioral processes,
including learned
helplessness, social learning,
prepared learning, and even
unconscious processes
9.
10.
bulimic patients often present
with additional psychological
disorders, particularly _______
and ______
anxiety and mood
disorders
11.
Case in which insanity
defense has been used
-M'Nagtan
-Durham (crime was
product of mental illness)
12.
changes from DSM-IVTR to
DSM5 in classification of
Pervasive DEvelopmental
Disorders
ASD encompasses several
disorders previously
classified as PDD.
-Includes autistic disorder,
aspergers, childhood
disintegrative disorder, and
Rett's syndrome
13.
the characteristic features of
personality disorders tend to
develop with what
developmental stage
chronic and originate in
childhood
14.
characteristics of Antisocial
Personality Disorder
-failure to comply with
social norms
-violate rights of others
-irresponsible, deceitful,
impulsive
-lack of conscience,
empathy, and remorse
-may be very charming and
manipulate
-substance abuse common
15.
Characteristics of Conduct
Disorder
engage in behaviors that
violate society's norms
-2 subtypes: childhood
onset and adolescent onset
-An adult diagnosed with
antisocial personality
disorder is most likely to
have met the criteria
16.
characteristics of primary
insomnia
have difficulty initiating or
maintaining sleep or
nonrestorative sleep
17.
The chemicals that allow
transmission of signals
between neurons are called
neurotransmitters
18.
cognitive disorders are often
associated with changes in
behavior and personality
19.
The common factor among
psychoactive drugs may be
what?
their ability to activate the
"pleasure pathways" of the
brain
20.
Conducting a clinical
interview
...
The death rate (including
suicide) due to anorexia
nervosa is
20%
-higher than that of most
psychological
disorders
22.
Define Prevalence
How many people in populations
as a whole have the disorder
23.
definition of avolition
AKA apathy
-inability to initiate and persist in
activities
-show little interest in performing
even most basic functions,
including personal hygiene
21.
24.
definition of intellectual
disability
below average intellectual ability
and adaptive functioning
25.
definition of learning
disorder
academic performance that is
substantially below level
predicted by individuals age, IQ,
and education
26.
definition of narcolepsy
Sleep disorder involving sudden
and irresistible sleep attacks.
27.
Definition of resilience
...
28.
Diathesis-stress model
of psychopathology
states individuals inherit
tendencies to express certain
traits or behaviors which may
then be activated under
conditions of stress
-The more vulnerabilities the
person has, the less stress it takes
to trigger disorder
difference between
delusions in delusional
disorder and delusions
in paranoid
schizophrenia
-delusional: imagined events
could really be happening but
there's no evidence that they are
happening
-schizo: likely to be outside
realm of possibility
30.
difference between
positive and negative
symptoms of
schizophrenia.
-positive - refers to symptoms
around distorted reality
(delusions & hallucinations)
-negative - involve deficits in
normal behavior like speech,
blunted affect (or lack of
emotional reactivity), and
motivation
31.
Differences between
the MMPI-2 and earlier
versions
-2 uses a larger sample of
individuals and changed wording
-1 was sexist, insensitive to
cultural diversity, only focus on
Christianity as religion).
-New item added to deal with
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES such a
Type A, low self-esteem, and
family problems
29.
32.
Genetics make up for what percentage of
personality characteristics?
30%-50%
33.
how is neurocognitive disorder due to
Alzheimer's usually diagnosed?
autopsy
34.
if an individual is diagnosed as psychotic,
what does it mean?
person usually
has
hallucinations
and delusions
35.
in 1989, Abramson and his colleagues
revised Seiligman's theory of learned
helplessness, changing the focus from
specific attributions to _________________ as
the crucial factor in depression
highlight
development
of a sense of
hopelessness
36.
the insanity defense is based on which
historical case in England?
M'Nagten
-Inability to
distinguish
right from
wrong
37.
In Supreme Court ruling such as O'Connor
v. Donaldson and Addington v. Texas, it
was argued that the criteria for involuntary
commitment should include
mental illness
and
dangerousness
38.
In terms of level of support that will be
necessary for an autistic child, which
factor is used as a predictor to determine
prognosis?
IQ
39.
in trying to understand why some
individuals become addicted to drugs and
others do not, it is important to consider
the negative reinforcement that is
associated with the anxiolytic effect, i.e., a
drug's ability to do what?
reduce anxiety
(ability to
escape
physical pain,
stress, or
anxiety)
40.
know the different types of somatoform
disorders
-somatic
symptom
disorder
-illness anxiety
disorder
psychological
factors
affecting
medical
condition
-conversion
disorder
-factitious
disorder
41.
know what the research says
about antidepressant medication
treatments for hypochondriasis
may help some
individuals but only if
depressive symptoms
are present
54.
a primary diagnostic
technique for identifying
seizure disorders
electroencephalogram(EEG)
55.
A psychological dysfunction
refers to..
Breakdown in cognitive,
emotional, and behavioral
functioning
56.
The purpose of creating mini
panic attacks in panic control
treatment therapy serves
what purpose?
allow patient to develop
alternative attitudes about
the feared situation
57.
Recent research by Barlow
and others indicates that
vulnerability to anxiety
disorders is related to what?
one's sense of control over
environmental events
58.
Researchers studying the
brain of individuals with autism
suggest that one area of the
brain may be involved with
the disorder. What part?
Amygala
59.
Risk of developing vascular
neurocognitive disorder
risk for men slightly higher
than among women
60.
side effects of marijuana use
and abuse
euphoria, mood swings,
paranoia, hallucinations,
reduced concentration,
dizziness, memory and
relationship impairment
61.
statistics on suicide indicate
that approximately onequarter to one-half of all
suicides are associated with
what?
alcohol use
62.
the strongest contributions to
etiology of eating disorders
seem to be
sociocultural
63.
Treatment for learning
disorders generally involve
what?
educational intervention
and assistance
64.
treatments of conversion
disorder
principal strategy-to find
and attend to traumatic
event.
-Remove secondary gain,
reduce supportive
consequences, reward
positive health behavior,
CBT interventions
CBT & SSRI
42.
The main reason that it's so
important to identify children with
developmental disorders as early
as possible is that
failure to develop at
one level is thought to
inhibit later stages of
development.
43.
a measurement which is
consistent is considered to have
reliability
44.
Modern treatment programs for
austism generally involve
-pharmacological
treatments.
- psychological
supports for
communication and
socialization problems.
- behavioral
approaches.
45.
the most common cause of
neurocognitive disorder is
Alzheimer's
46.
most common type of
hallucination experienced by
psychotic individuals
auditory
47.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy
(or factitious disorder by proxy) is
characterized by
an adult (usually the
mother) who maltreats
her child by deliberate
actions directed toward
making a child sick.
one of the problems encountered
by psychiatrists who prescribe
medication for patients with
bipolar disorder is what?
stop taking the meds in
order to bring on a
manic state
One prominent theory of
antisocial personality disorder
suggests that the behaviors are
caused by an imbalance between
which of the brain's systems?
behavioral inhibition
(BIS) & reward system
50.
the physical or somatic symptoms
of a major depressive disorder
include
changes in appetite or
weight
51.
a possible link between antisocial
personality disorder and
somatization
genetic component pleasure seeking and
impulsivity, lack of
impulse control
52.
prevalence of somatization
disorder
1%-5%
53.
prevention of mood disorders in
children and adolescents include
what?
universal programs,
selected intervention,
and indicated
intervention
48.
49.
65.
Typical profile for
mental disorder as
defined in DSM5
Describes behavioral, psychological,
or biological dysfunctions that are
unexpected in their cultural context
and associated with present distress
and impairment in functioning, or
increased risk of suffering, death,
pain, or impairment
-The prototype of a disorder reflects
typical profile for mental disorder as
described in the DSM-5.
66.
Using evidence
based assessment
techniques..
...
67.
what are the
characteristics of
schizophrenia?
-delusions
-hallucinations
-disorganized speech and behavior
-inappropriate emotions
What are the criteria
that define
abnormality?
PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION
that is associated with DISTRESS or
IMPAIRMENT in functioning, and a
response that NOT TYPICAL OR
CULTURALLY EXPECTED
What are the
gender differences
observed in the
prevalence of many
personality
disorders and what
might they be due
to?
-tolerance of behavior in a culture.
-differences in help-seeking behavior.
-gender bias on the part of the
diagnosing clinician.
what are the legal
elements of the
definition of mental
illness?
it's a legal term typically meaning
severe emotional or thought
disturbances that negatively affect
individual's health and safety
-each state has own definition
-many states exclude cognitive
disorder and substance abuse related
disorders
-mental illness NOT synonymous with
psychological disorder
what are the
treatments for
antisocial
personality disorder
and related
antisocial behaviors?
-emphasis on prevention and
rehabilitation
-may need 2 focus on practical (or
selfish) consequences
-CBT could reduce violenceafter 5
years
-parent training for children
-group therapy
What characterizes
the mood-state
known as anxiety?
apprehension about the future
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
what disorders often
overlap with ADHD?
-oppositional defiant disorder
-conduct disorder
-bipolar disorder
74.
what is a component that
seems to be an integral part
of substance abuse
therapy?
contingency management
what is a conversion
disorder
physical malfunctions without
any physical or organic
patholgy (no real cause)
75.
-They select specific
behaviours for change and
reinforcers that will reward
success
(such as paralysis, blindness,
difficulty speaking)
76.
what is a critical
determinant of the civil
commitment process?
dangerousness- danger to
self or others
77.
what is a possible external
cause of dementia?
repetitive head trauma
(chronic traumatic
enchepholopathy --> CTE)
78.
What is needed in order to
develop useful standards
for a test
reliability, validity, and
standardization
79.
what is one of the greatest
challenges for any therapist
treating an individual with
paranoid personality
disorder?
getting client to trust therapist
80.
what is the chief motivating
factor in both anorexia and
bulimia?
an overwhelming, allencompassing drive to be
thin
81.
what is the cognitive
reserve hypothesis as it
relates to neurocognitive
disorder?
suggests that the more
synapses a person develops
throughout life, the more
neuronal death must take
place before the signs of
dementia are obvious
82.
what is the current thinking
regarding to the
relationship between mood
disorders and suicide?
hopelessness
-suicide is often associated
with mood disorders,
especially depression
83.
what is the evidence for
structural damage in the
brains of schizophrenic
patients?
majority of schizophrenic
patients have enlarged
ventricles
84.
What is the gradual
deterioration of the brain
functioning that affects
judgment, memory,
language, and other
cognitive processes called?
major neurocognitive
disorder AKA dementia
85.
what is the power called
parens patriae?
state acts as surrogate
parent, in best interest of
person who needs help
86.
what is the relationship
between stress and
depression?
-chronic stress reduces
dopamine levels and
produces depressive-like
behavior
- mood may distort
memories
- stressful life events related
to onset of depression
- major life stressors predict
INITIAL episode of
depression rather than
recurrent episodes
- people with history of
depression, stress may
trigger an episode, more
resistant to treatment
87.
what is the relationship of
cholesterol to Alzheimer's?
exasperate inflammation
-causes cell death
88.
What is the shared premise of
the guilty but mentally ill
(GBMI) verdict?
allows system to both treat
and punish
89.
What is true and false about
the relationship between
brain damage and
psychopathy?
Brain damage does NOT
explain why some people
become psychopaths or
criminals
90.
what triggers hypochondriasis
ANXIETY/fear one has
serious diease
91.
What type of panic attack is
most closely related to
phobias?
expected (cued)
92.
when are psychological
disorder considered
developmental disorders?
appear early in life and
change over the lifespan
93.
When we compare the
incidence of psychological
disorders across countries
and cultures we find that
there are enormous
differences in the rates of
various disorders in different
countries and cultures
94.
which drug prevention
strategy has the potential for
the most successful
outcome?
cultural change
95.
Which elements describe a
personality inventory?
It assesses long-standing
patterns of behavior
-self-report questionnaires
that assess personal traits
and focus on what answers
predict and patterns
96.
Which other condition is
closely related to anxiety?
depression
97.
Why is the criterion that a
particular behavior be atypical or
not culturally expected is
insufficient to define
abnormality?
Many people behave in
ways that deviate from
average, it doesnt mean
they have a disorder.
Ex: lady gaga or really
short/tall people
98.
with what neurotransmitter are
the positive symptoms of
schizophrenia most closely
linked?
dopamine
Abnormal Psychology Ch 7 (Barlow)
Study online at quizlet.com/_5idb5a
1.
2-9 months
Typical duration of the first depressive episode
when untreated
2.
4-5 months
Median duration of recurrent major depressive
episodes
3.
4-7
Median lifetime number of major depressive
episodes
4.
4 days
hypomanic episodes typically last for ___ ___
5.
4 to 9
Months
Duration of Major Depressive Episode if
untreated
6.
30 years
Mean age onset for major depressive
disorders
7.
Adolescents
Manic episodes alone may be somewhat more
frequent in adolescents
8.
Anhedonia
loss of energy and inability to engage in
pleasurable activities or have any "fun"
9.
anxious
distress
specifier
The most important addition to specifiers for
mood disorders in DSM-5
10.
Atypical
features
specifier
Individuals with this specifier consistently
oversleep and overeat during their depression
and therefore gain weight, leading to a higher
incidence of diabetes
Atypical
features
specifier
Is associated with a greater percentage of
women and an earlier age of onset
12.
baby blues
Minor reactions in adjustment to childbirth
13.
Bipolar I
Disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with
full manic episodes.
14.
Bipolar II
Disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with
hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
15.
Catalepsy
Studies have suggested that this may be more
common in depression than schizophrenia
16.
Catalepsy
Motor movement disturbance seen in people
with some psychoses and mood disorders in
which body postures are waxy and can be
"sculpted" to remain fixed for long periods.
17.
Chronicity
Mostly the difference of Persistent Depressive
Disorder (Dysthemia) with other mood
disorders
11.
18.
Chronicity
(vs. NonChronicity)
The most important distinction in diagnosing
depression independent of whether the
symptom presentation meets criteria for major
depressive disorder.
19.
Cognitive
Therapy
Treatment approach that involves
identifying and altering negative thinking
styles related to psychological disorders
such as depression and anxiety and
replacing them with more positive beliefs
and attitudes and, ultimately, more
adaptive behavior and coping styles.
20.
Complicated
Grief
Grief characterized by debilitating
feelings of loss and emotions so painful
that a person has trouble resuming a
normal life; designated for further study
as a disorder by DSM-5.
21.
Cyclothymic
Disorder
Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder
characterized by alternating mood
elevation and depression levels that are
not as severe as manic or major
depressive episodes.
22.
Delusion
Psychotic symptom involving disorder of
thought content and presence of strong
beliefs that are misrepresentations of
reality.
23.
Depressive
Cognitive Triad
Thinking errors in depressed people
negatively focused in three areas;
themselves, their immediate world, and
their future.
24.
Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation
Disorder
Condition in which a child has chronic
negative moods such as anger and
irritability without any accompanying
mania.
25.
Dopamine
neurotransmitter
system
Very strong yearning in complicated
grief seems to be associated with the
activation of
26.
Double
Depression
Severe mood disorder typified by major
depressive episodes superimposed over
a background of persistent dysthymic
mood. Also called "persistent depressive
disorder with intermittent major
depressive episodes".
27.
dysphoric
features
Research suggests that manic episodes
are characterzied by
28.
Electroconvulsive
therapy (ECT)
Biological treatment for severe, chronic
depression involving the application of
electrical impulses through the brain to
produce seizures. The reasons for its
effectiveness are unknown.
29.
flight of ideas
symptom of mania that involves an
abruptly switching in conversation from
one topic to another
30.
full remission
the individual experiences a period of
improvement after an episode during which
the criteria of the disorder are not fulfilled
31.
Hallucinations
Psychotic symptoms of perceptual
disturbance in which things are seen, heard,
or otherwise sensed although they are not
actually present.
32.
Hypomanic
Episode
Less severe and less disruptive version of a
manic episode that is one of the criteria for
several mood disorders.
33.
Integrated
Grief
Grief that evolves from acute grief into a
condition in which the individual accepts
the finality of a death and adjusts to the
loss.
Interpersonal
Psychotherapy
(IPT)
Brief treatment approach that emphasizes
resolution of interpersonal problems and
stressors, such as role disputes, marital
conflicts or forming relationships in
marriage or a new job. It has demonstrated
effectiveness for such problems as
depression.
35.
Learned
Helplessness
Theory of
Depression
Martin Seligman's theory that people
become anxious and depressed when they
make an attribution that they have no
control over the stress in their lives
(whether or not they do in reality).
36.
light therapy
Is one important treatment for winter
depression
37.
Maintenance
Treatment
Combination of continued psychosocial
treatment, medication, or both designed to
prevent relapse following therapy.
38.
Major
Depressive
Disorder
Most common and severe experience of
depression, including feelings of
worthlessness, disturbances in bodily
activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and
inability to experience pleasure, persisting
at least 2 weeks.
34.
39.
Major
Depressive
Episode
Most common and severe experience of
depression, including feelings of
worthlessness, disturbances in bodily
activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and
inability to experience pleasure, persisting
at least 2 weeks.
40.
Mania
Abnormally exaggerated elation, joy, or
euphoria.
41.
Mania
Period of abnormally excessive elation or
euphoria, associated with some mood
disorders.
42.
Melatonin
Emerging evidence suggest that SAD may
be related to daily and seasonal changes in
the production of
43.
Mixed Features
Condition in which the individual
experiences both elation and
depression or anxiety at the same
time. Also known as dysphoric manic
episode or mixed manic episode.
44.
mixed features
term for experiencing depressive
symptoms during a manic or
hypomanic episode, or experiencing
manic symptoms during a depressive
episode
45.
mood congruent
delusions or hallucinations that are
consistent with a person's mood
46.
Mood Disorders
Group of disorders involving severe
and enduring disturbances in
emotionality ranging from elation to
severe depression.
47.
mood incongruent
delusions and hallucinations are those
that are inconsistent with the patient's
dominant mood (Delusion of
Grandeur)
48.
Mood-Stabilizing
Drug
Medication used in the treatment of
mood disorders, particularly bipolar
disorder, that is effective in preventing
and treating pathological shifts in
mood.
49.
Neurohormones
Hormones that affect the brain and
are increasingly the focus of study in
psychopathology.
50.
Persistent
Depressive Disorder
(dysthymia)
Is defined as depressed mood that
continues at least 2 years, during
which the patient cannot be symptom
free for more than 2 months at a time
even though they may not experience
all of the symptoms of a major
depressive episode.
51.
Phototherapy
Patients are exposed to 2 hours of
bright light (2,500 lux) immediately
on awakening.
52.
Physical Changes
(Somatic/Vegetative
Changes)
The most central indicators of a full
major depressive episode are the
53.
Psychological
Autopsy
Postmortem psychological profile of
a suicide victim constructed from
interviews with people who knew the
person before death.
54.
Recurrent
Two or more major depressive
episode occurred and were separated
by at least 2 months during which the
individual was not depressed.
55.
Seasonal Affective
Disorder (SAD)
Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with
depression occurring in the winter.
56.
Suicidal Attempts
Efforts made to kill oneself
57.
Suicidal Ideation
Serious thoughts about committing suicide.
58.
Suicidal Plans
The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.
59.
Tendency to cry
Occurs equally in depressed and nondepressed individuals
Abnormal Psychology Ch 8 (Barlow)
Study online at quizlet.com/_5h5tj6
1.
Actigraph
Small electronic device that is worn on
the wrist like a watch and records body
movements. This device can be used to
record sleep-wake cycles.
11.
BreathingRelated
Sleep
Disorders
Sleep disruption leading to excessive
sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing
problem such as interrupted (sleep apnea) or
labored (hypoventilation) breathing.
2.
Anorexia
Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by recurrent
food refusal, leading to dangerously low
body weight.
12.
Bulimia
Nervosa
3.
Anorexia
Nervosa
Kirsten has lost several kilograms and
now weighs less than 40 kilograms. She
eats only a small portion of the food her
mother serves her and fears that intake
above her current 500 calories daily will
make her fat. Since losing the wight,
Kirsten has stopped having periods. She
sees a fat per in the mirror.
"_________________________" Page 262 8.1 Concept
Check
Eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of
uncontrolled excessive binge eating followed
by compensatory actions to remove the food
(for example, deliberate vomiting, laxative
abuse, and excessive exercise)
13.
Bulimia
Nervosa
I noticed Elena eating a whole pie, a cake, and
two bags of potato chips the other day when
she didn't know I was there. She ran to the
bathroom when she finished and it sounded
like she was vomiting. "________________________" Page
262 8.1 Concept Check
14.
Bulimia
Nervosa
Joo-Yeon eats large quantities of food in a
short time. She then takes laxatives and
exercises for long periods to prevent weight
gain, She has been doing this almost daily for
several months and feels she will become
worthless and ugly if she gains even the
slightest weight. "___________________" Page 262 8.1
Concept Check
4.
Antidepressants
help Anorexia or
Bulimia?
Antidepressants help individuals
overcome Bulimia Nervosa but have no
effect on Anorexia Page 277 8.2 Concept
Check
5.
Bariatric Surgery
Surgical approach to extreme obesity,
usually accomplished by stapling the
stomach to create a small stomach pouch
or bypassing the stomach through gastric
bypass surgery.
15.
After George's wife died at the age of 68,
he could not sleep. To help him through
the hardest first week, Dr. Brown
prescribed "_______________" for his insomnia.
Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
Circadian
Rhythm
Sleep
Disorder
(Example)
Brett has started a new job that requires him to
change shifts monthly, He sometimes has day
shifts and at other times has night shifts., Since
then he has considerable trouble sleeping.
"___________________" Page 286 8.3 Concept Check
16.
Relatively brief episode of uncontrolled,
excessive consumption, usually of food or
alcohol.
Circadian
Rhythm
Sleep
Disorders
Sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or
insomnia, caused by the body's inability to
synchronize its sleep patterns with the current
pattern of day and night.
17.
Contributing
Factors for
Eating
Disorders
Biological limitations, as well as the societal
pressure to use diet and exercise to achieve
nearly impossible weight goals, contribute to
the high numbers of people with anorexia
nervosa and bulimia nervosa Page 277 8.2
Concept Check
18.
Disorder of
Arousal
Category of sleep disorder during NREM
sleep that includes sleepwalking and sleep
terrors.
19.
Dyssomnias
Problems getting to sleep or in obtaining
sufficient quality sleep.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Benzodiazepines
Binge
Binge-eating
Disorder
Binge-Eating
Disorder (BED)
BreathingRelated Sleep
Disorder
(Example)
Manny has been having episodes lately
when he eats prodigious amounts of food.
He's been putting on a lot of wight
because of it. "_____________________" Page 262
8.1 Concept Check
Pattern of eating involving distressinducing binges not followed by purging
behaviors; being considered as a new
DSM diagnostic category.
Timothy wakes up frequently every night
because he feels he is about to
hyperventilate. He can't seem to get
enough air, and many times his wife will
wake him to tell him to quit snoring. He is
suffering from a "________________________" Page
286 8.3 Concept Check
20.
Hypersomnolence
Disorder
Sleep dysfunction involving an
excessive amount of sleep that disrupts
normal routines.
21.
Hypersomnolence
Disorder
(Example)
Melinda sleeps all night and still finds
herself falling asleep throughout the
next day. this happens even when she
goes to bed early and get up as late as
possible. "___________________" Page 286 8.3
Concept Check
22.
Insomnia Disorder
Condition in which insufficient sleep
interferes with normal functioning.
23.
Mental Signs of
Eating Disorder
Many young women with eating
disorders have a diminished sense of
personal control and confidence in their
own abilities and talents, are
perfectionists, and/or are intensely
preoccupied with how they appear to
others. Page 277 8.2 Concept Check
24.
Microsleeps
Short, seconds-long periods of sleep
that occur in people who have been
deprived of sleep.
25.
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder involving sudden and
irresistible sleep attacks.
26.
27.
28.
Narcolepsy
(Example)
Night Eating
Syndrom
Nightmares
Sonia has problems staying awake
throughout the day, Even while talking
on the phone or riding the bus, she
unexpectedly losses muscle tome and
falls asleep for a while. This is
"_______________" Page 286 8.3 Concept
Check
Consuming a third or more of daily
food intake after the evening meal and
getting out of bed at least once during
the night to have a high-calorie snack.
In the morning, however, individuals
with night eating syndrome are not
hungry and do not usually eat breakfast.
These individuals do not binge during
their night eating and seldom purge.
Frightening and anxiety-provoking
dreams occurring during rapid eye
movement sleep. The individual recalls
the bad dreams and recovers alertness
and orientation quickly.
29.
Nightmares
(Example)
Jaclyn's dad is sometimes awakened by his
daughter's creams. He runs to Jacclyn'ts room
to comfort her and is eventually able to calm
her down., Jaclyn usually explains that she was
being chased by a big, one-eyed, purple
monster. The events typically happen after
watching scary movies with friends. Page 291
8.4 Concept Check
30.
Nocturnal
Eating
Syndrome
Jack has made a serious commitment to his
diet for more than a month but continues to
gain weight. He has no memory of eating but
noticed that food is always missing from the
refrigerator. Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
31.
Obesity
Excess of body fat resulting in a body mass
index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height) of 30
or more.
32.
Parasomnias
Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or
sleepwalking that occur during sleep.
33.
Polysomnographic
Evaluation
(PSG)
Assessment of sleep disorders in which a
client sleeping in the lab is monitored for
heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and
other functions.
34.
Primary
Insomnia
Difficulty in initiating, maintaining, or gaining
from sleep; not related to other medical or
psychological problems.
35.
Purging
Techniques
In the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, the selfinduced vomiting or laxative abuse used to
compensate for excessive food ingestion.
36.
Rapid Eye
Movement
(REM)
Sleep
Periodic intervals of sleep during which the
eyes move rapidly from side to side, and
dreams occur, but the body is inactive.
37.
Rebound
Insomnia
In a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep
problems that can occur when medications are
used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn
38.
Relapse
Prevention
for
Anorexia
Attention must be focused on dysfunctional
attitudes about body shape in anorexia, or
relapse will most likely occur after treatment.
Page 277 8.2 Concept Check
39.
Scheduled
Awakenings
Karen wakes up screaming every night,
disregarding her parents' efforts to comfort
her. Her heart rate is elevated in these
episodes, and her pajamas are soaked in
sweat. The next days she has no memory of
the experience, To help reduce these night
terrors, Karen's pediatrician used "_______________".
Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
40.
Sleep
Apnea
Disorder involving brief periods when
breathing ceases during sleep.
41.
Sleep Apnea
Rama is extremely overweight. His wife suspects he may be suffering from "____________________" because he snores every
night and often wakes up exhausted as though he never slept. Page 286 8.3 Concept Check
42.
Sleep
Efficiency (SE)
Percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed.
43.
Sleep Hygiene
Carl's doctor suggested some relatively simple lifestyle changes otherwise known as "_______________" when he
expressed concern about developing a sleep disorder. Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
44.
Sleep Paralysis
Jaime sometimes awakens and cannot move or speak. This is a particularly frightening experiences known as
"_____________________." Page 286 8.3 Concept Check
45.
Sleep Terrors
Episodes of apparent awakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and
amnesia for the incident. These occur during nonrapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening
dreams.
46.
Sleep Terrors
(Example)
Sho-Jen's parents hear her piercing screams on many nights and rush to comfort her, but she does not respond.
During these episodes, her heart rate is elevated, and her pajamas are soaked in sweat. When she gets up the next
day, however, she has no memories of the experience. Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
47.
Sleepwalking
(somnambulism)
Parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during nonrapid eye movement sleep.
48.
Treatment for
bulimia nervosa
Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), CBT is the preferred method. Page
277 8.2 Concept Check
49.
Who finds small
body size
attractive?
One study showed that females consider a smaller female body size to be more attractive than men do. Page 277
8.2 Concept Check
Abnormal Psychology Ch 9 (Barlow)
Study online at quizlet.com/_64tf5h
1.
Acute pain
Pain that typically follows an injury and
disappears once the injury heals or is
effectively treated
2.
AIDS-related
complex
(ARC)
Group of minor health problems such as
weight loss, fever, and night sweats that
appears after HIV infection but before
development of full-blown AIDS
3.
Antigens
Foreign materials that enter the body,
including bacteria and parasites
4.
Autoimmune
disease
Condition in which the body's immune
system attacks healthy tissue rather than
antigens
5.
Behavioral
medicine
Interdisciplinary approach applying
behavioral science to the prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment of medical
problems
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Endogenous opioids
Substance occurring naturally
throughout the body that
functions like a neurotransmitter
to shut down pain sensation even
in the presence of marked tissue
damage. These opioids may
contribute to psychological
problems such as eating
disorders. Also known and
endorphin or enkephalin
13.
Essential hypertension
High blood pressure with no
verifiable physical cause, which
makes up the overwhelming
majority of high blood pressure
cases
14.
General Adaptation
Syndrome (GAS)
Sequence of reactions to
sustained stress described by
Hans Selye. These stages are
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion,
which may lead to death
15.
Health psychology
Subfield of behavioral medicine
that studies psychological
factors important in health
promotion and maintenance
16.
Hypertension
Afflictions in the mechanisms, including the
heart, blood vessels, and their controllers,
responsible for transporting blood to the
body's tissues and organs. Psychological
factors may play important roles in such
diseases and their treatments
Major risk factor for stroke and
heart and kidney disease that is
intimately related to
psychological factors
17.
Immune system
Chronic
fatigue
syndrome
(CFS)
Incapacitating exhaustion following only
minimal exertion, accompanied by fever,
headaches, muscle and joint pain,
depression, and anxiety
Body's means of identifying and
eliminating any foreign materials
(for example, bacteria, parasites,
and even transplanted organs)
that enter
18.
Psychoncology
Study of psychological factors
involved in the course and
treatment of cancer
Chronic pain
Enduring pain that does not decrease over
time; may occur in muscles, joints, and the
lower back, and may be caused by enlarged
blood vessels or degenerating or cancerous
tissue. Other significant factors are social
and psychological
19.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Study of psychological
influences on the neurological
responding involved in the
body's immune response
20.
Relaxation response
Active components of
medication methods, including
repetitive thoughts of a sound to
reduce distracting thoughts and
closing the mind to other
intruding thoughts, that decrease
the flow of stress hormones and
neurotransmitters and cause a
feeling of calm
Biofeeback
Cancer
Cardiovascular
disease
Coronary
heart disease
Use of physiological monitoring equipment
to make individuals aware of their own
bodily functions, such as blood pressure or
brain waves, that they cannot normally
access, with the purpose of controlling these
functions
Category of often-fatal medical conditions
involving abnormal cell growth and
malignancy
Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to
the heart muscle; a major cause of death in
Western culture, with social and
psychological factors involved
21.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Painful, degenerative disease in which the immune system essentially attacks itself, resulting in stiffness,
swelling, and even destruction of the joints. Cognitive-behavioral treatments can help relieve pain and
stiffness
22.
Self-efficacy
Perception of having the ability to cope with stress or challenges
23.
Stress
Body's physiological response to a stressor, which is any event or change that requires adaptation
24.
Stroke/cerebral
vascular accident
(CVA)
Temporary blockage of blood vessels supplying the brain, or a rupture of vessels in the brain, resulting in
temporary or permanent loss of brain functioning
25.
Type A behavior
pattern
Cluster of behaviors including excessive competitiveness, time-pressured impatience, accelerated speech, and
anger originally thought to promote high risk for heart disease
26.
Type B behavior
pattern
Cluster of behaviors including a relaxed attitude, indifference to time pressure, and less forceful ambition;
originally thought to promote low risk for heart disease