Topic № : Methodical basis of
biostatistics
and its role in healthcare system
Podpriadova A. A.
To learn the content of the definition “biostatistics”,
“statistical
aggregate”,
“observation
unit”,
“characteristics
taken
into
account”,
“representativeness” and other terms.
.

independent public science, studies the
quantitative aspect of mass, public events in
connection with their qualitative part in
specific historical conditions.

Biostatistics is one part of the general
statistics. Biostatistics studies general
and particular patterns that are inherent
in living nature, using statistical
methods.
as science statistics became to
develop in medium 17 century,
here with it was formed in two
main trends:
 -descriptive
 -mathematical (political
arithmetic)

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
were a german scientist Konring (1606-1681)
and G.Ahenval (1719-1772).
Ahenval for the first time entered the term
"Status" that means "determined position of the
things or condition". The undoubted
relationship and with Italian word "stato" (the
state).
of the statistics appeared in England. The most
important representative of this direction were
John Graunt (1620-1674 ) and William (Uiliyam)
Petti (1711-1785).
William (Uiliyam) Petti was offered term
"Statistics" from latin word -"Status". In connection
with than V. Petti have named the inventor of the
statistics.
- Is a part of general statistics,
which studies issues related to
medicine, hygiene and health
care.
1. Public health statistics;
 2. Health care system statistics;
 3.Statistics socio-hygienic, clinical,
experimental and other studies,
assessment of the reliability of
study results.


studies the quantitative aspect of public health as
a whole and various groups (demographic
indexes,
morbidity,
disability,
physical
development,
prenozological
condition),
dependence between public health, complex
biological, medical and social factors and
environmental factors.

studies medical staff, health care facilities, assesses
the activity of health authorities and institutions, as
well as measures to protect public health.
It supports organization and conduction of
various statistical studies methodologically. As well
as it allows to assess reliability of obtained results
with justification of recommendations for healthcare
system.

1) study the state of population health (demographic
processes, population morbidity, physical development and
disability);

2) establishment and identification of cause-effect
relationships morbidity, mortality, disability of population,
depending on various factors and environmental conditions;

3) study and analysis data of personnel in healthcare system
and a network of medical healthcare institutions with the aim of
planning and determining population needs in various kinds of
medical care;

4) evaluation of the quality and efficiency of healthcare
institutions, as well as medical and recreational activities for
morbidity and mortality prevention;

5) evaluation of the reliability of statistical studies’ results
which were received after medical – social, clinical and
experimental studies.


includes different statistical totalities (statistical
aggregates), which are formed depending on the
purpose of the study.


is a large group, consisting of a large number of
relatively homogeneous units of observation, which
were taken together within certain limits of time and
space for a particular purpose.
Statistical population consists of observation units.
Observation unit is every primary element of
statistical aggregate.
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purposes of the statistic research- to study the
hospitalized morbidity in Ukraine in 2013 year.
Statistical totality- all cases of hospitalization in
Ukraine in 2013y.
Unit of observation- each case of
hospitalization in Ukraine in 2013y.
border of space- Ukraine
border of time- 2013y.

Signs describing observation units(the sex, age,
profession and etc.)


1. Attributive -a signs of the descriptive nature
(the sex, profession, result of the treatment and
etc.).
2. Quantitative- expressed in numbers(the
growing, weight, age).



1.Alternative signs (a signs, having 2 means (yes or
no));
2. Discrete signs ( quantitative signs, which can be
represented only by certain values, without
intermediate values and expressed with integers –
number of floors 1,2,3; number of children in
family 1,2,3);
3. Continuous (increate) - a quantitative signs
continuously varying and can be represented by
any value ( child’s height –1m., can be 1.5m., and
etc.). These importance can be both integer, and
fractional.


1. Instant -characterize object at a particular
time (the physical examination on 1 March
2005).
2. Interval -characterize objects within a certain
period of time (the month, year and etc), for
example, amount given birth or deceased from
1 January to December 31).
general
selective

consists of all observation units that
may be allocated to it in accordance
with intended purpose of the study.
is a part of a general statistical
aggregate (statistical totality), selected
by a special sampling method. It is
intended for characteristic of general
statistical aggregate.



1. It must have main characteristics of general
statistical aggregate.
2. It has to be sufficient in volume, in order to
express general properties of statistical aggregate
more fully.

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1. The Casual selection;
2. The Mechanical selection;
3. Typological selection;
4. The Serial selection;
5. The Directional selection

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1. Distribution of a certain signs is expressed by
relative values.
2. Medium level of sign (Mode, Median,
arithmetic mean).
3. Variety of sign (Limit, Amplitude, Sigma).
4. Representativeness.
5. Ratio between signs.
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1. Documentary (coping data).
2. Anamnestic method:
- questionnaire;
- corresponding;
- registration;
- expeditionary.
3. Direct observation