INTRODUCTION to Science & Technology
STS 2nd Semester, SY 2023-2024
To
define
S&T
To compare
S & T in
terms of
their
contributions
To describe the
relationship
between Science,
Technology and
Society
To identify/
enumerate the
different roles of
S&T
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Introduction to Science, Technology & Society
WHAT is SCIENCE?
❑ Latin word: ‘scientia’ - knowledge
❑ refers to a methodical and systematic activity of
building and organizing knowledge about how
the universe behaves through OBSERVATION,
EXPERIMENTATION or both.
Photo credit: https://www.thehindu.com/education/jy3dkh/article33948588.ece/alternates/FREE_615/27epbs-science
Introduction to Science, Technology & Society
WHAT is TECHNOLOGY?
❑ Greek root word: ‘techne’ – art, skill,
cunning of hand
❑ the application of scientific knowledge,
laws, and principles to produce services,
materials, tools, and machines aimed at
solving real-world problems
https://www.mycomputercareer.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/The-Guide-to-Information-Technology-and-Its-Role-During-COVID-19.jpg
CONTENTS
1
What is Science?
2
What is Technology?
3
How are Science and Technology related?
Photo credit: https://www.scrippscollege.edu/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Science-Technology-and-Society-1680x1220-1.png
1
What is Science?
1 - Learning new facts (discoveries)
THE HUBBLE
DEEP FIELD:
The “deep” in Hubble
Deep Field refers to
the telescope’s ability
to look at some of
these far, faint objects.
Looking at far-away
objects in space is like
seeing back in time.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
What is Science?
2 - Solving problems (Scientific Method)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_
AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=climate+change+cartoon&imgrc=pUolAkl0HhjWJM:
What is Science?
3 - the intellectual and practical activity
encompassing the systematic study of the
structure and behavior of the physical and
natural world through observation and
experiment – Oxford dictionary
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTA
hUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=science+definition+cartoon&imgrc=CyB2anvUE1EUz
M:
2
What is Technology?
1 – creating/inventing things
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=technology&im
grc=62wfRSqF1RgKtM:
What is Technology?
2 - things that fulfill our
needs and desires or
perform certain functions
3 – Application of
understanding of natural
laws to the solution of
practical problems
❑ Science, Technology and Society is the study of how society, politics, and
culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these,
in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
❑ The interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology, and Society examines the
ways in which society influences the creation of scientific knowledge and
technological development.
❑ At the same time, it seeks to understand the ways science and technology
affect our lives and communities.
✔ WHEN were airplanes invented and by WHOM?
WHAT
WHAT medical discovery
led to the introduction of
sterilization, vaccines ,
and antibiotics
The history of
Science &
Technology answers
questions about our
world’s greatest
discoveries and
inventions…
WHY
HOW
WHEN
✔ HOW are bridges built
STS is a relatively young field that combines previously independent and older
disciplines :
History of science
‘When we think about the
past, we think about
history. When we think
about the future, we think
about science. Science
builds upon its past, but
also, simultaneously,
denies it.’
https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/media/images/Marchof-Intellect-1828-William-Heath-Trustees.width-860.jpg
Sociology of science
Philosophy of science
? What is a law of nature? Are there any in
non-physical sciences like biology and
psychology?
•
Sociology: type of science, a logical
system that bases knowledge on direct,
systematic observation.
? What kind of data can be used to distinguish
between real causes and accidental regularities?
•
Scientific sociology: study of society
based on systematic observation of
social behavior.
? How much evidence and what kinds of evidence
do we need before we accept hypotheses?
•
? Why do scientists continue to rely on models and
theories which they know are at least partially
https://undsci.berkeley.edu/images/us101/sci_nonsci.jpg
inaccurate
(like Newton's physics)?
Scientific evidence sometimes
contradicts common sense explanations
of social behavior.
It is not what we do not know that get us into
trouble, it is what we know that is not true.
https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/sociology202.jpg
STS as an ACADEMIC FIELD
NOVEL
a
relatively
new
academic
discipline
Area of CONCERN
OBJECTIVE
To prepare students to
How the different
aspects of society
respond critically,
reflectively,
SHAPE & INFLUENCE
proactively to the
the progression and
challenges posed by
further development
Science and Technology
of S & T
in the contemporary
world
3
How are Science and Technology
related?
We live in a SOCIETY absolutely dependent on S & T.
As problems in S & T continue to rise and become more observable
and felt, the need to pay attention to their interactions with
various aspects of human life (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, and ECONOMIC)
becomes even more necessary.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
2. Source of tools and
techniques for more
1. New knowledge
which serves as a
direct source of
ideas for new
efficient engineering
3. Research
design and a knowledge
instrumentation, lab
base for evaluation of
techniques, and
feasibility of designs
analytical methods used
in research that
technological
possibilities
eventually find their way
HOW ARE THEY RELATED?
into design and
industrial practices
SCIENCE contributes to TECHNOLOGY in at least 6 ways:
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
5. Creation of a knowledge
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
base that becomes
4. Practice of research
increasingly important in
the assessment of
as a source for
technology in terms of its
development and
wider social and
assimilation of new
environmental impacts
human skills and
capabilities eventually
useful for technology
6. Knowledge base that
enables more efficient
strategies of applied
research, development,
and refinement of new
technologies
HOW ARE THEY RELATED?
SCIENCE contributes to TECHNOLOGY in at least 6 ways:
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
TECHNOLOGY contributes to SCIENCE in at least 2 ways:
1. Providing a fertile
2. Source of otherwise
source of novel scientific
unavailable
CE
SC
I
GY
LO
EN
NO
allocation of resources
CH
helping to justify the
TE
questions and thereby also
needed to address these
the agenda of science
techniques needed to
address novel and more
difficult scientific
questions in an efficient
and timely manner, extending
instrumentation and
AND
questions more
efficiently
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
Science & Technology affects one
another.
Because Hubble telescope has limitation a new
space telescope was launch last December 2021 to
see the heavenly bodies are accelerating away from
us, the light they emit turns to infrared.
James Webb Space Telescope is made to see
beyond and this telescope will answer the question
of the events before the Big Bang.
Science & Technology affects one
another
Thousands of galaxies make up this cluster in the
distant universe 4.6 billion light-years away. Hubble's
composite image took weeks to achieve, while James
Webb’s Hubble Telescope only took 12.5 hours,
NASA said.
Like Hubble, JWST is expected to revolutionize our
understanding of the cosmos. It will help us determine
whether planets orbiting other stars could support life,
and see galaxies that formed just after the Big Bang.
The telescope’s first full-color images and
spectroscopic data were released during a televised
broadcast at 10:30 a.m. EDT (14:30 UTC) on
Tuesday, July 12, 2022, from NASA’s Goddard Space
Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY in a SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
WHAT is the ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN
YOUR LIFE?
HOW HAS SCIENCE
CONTRIBUTED TO
TECHNOLOGY?
REFLECTION TIME
HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTED TO SCIENCE?
THANK YOU!
STS_LM 1-Introduction to S & T