Ionic/Covalent Bonding Notes
Stable or Unstable?
An
atom is only stable if it has a full
valence shell
If
an atom is stable, it will not bond
If
an atom is not full, it will bond
Compounds
 Compounds
are formed when 2 atoms of
different elements bond together.
 Atoms
bond to fill their valence shell
 An
atom will bond with an many atoms as it
takes to fill its outer shell
 Once
the valence shell is full, that atom is
stable
Types of Chemical Bonds

There are two types of chemical bonds:
1. Ionic
Bonds
2. Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Ionic
bonds exist between a nonmetal and a metal
When
two atoms bond ionically,
they gain/lose electrons
When
an atom gains or loses an
electron, it becomes an ion
It has 2 valence electrons.
Ions
How many does it need to be stable?
8…so it can either lose 2 or gain 6. Which is
Calcium
is
in
group
2.
Which other elements would
lose 2 electrons?
easier?
How many valence electrons does it have?
18
Group
1
2
Losing 2…if it loses 2 electrons, it becomes
positive
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
Ions
Group
1
18
2
13 14 15 16 17
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Ionic Bonds
Properties
 High
of Ionic Compounds
melting point
 Good conductor of electricity
 Solid at room temperature
Covalent Bonds
 Covalent
bonds exist between
NONMETAL and NONMETAL.

Example: H2, H2O, NO3, CH4
 Covalent
 Shared
atom.
bonds SHARE electrons.
electrons don’t belong to either
Covalent Bonds
Properties
 Low
of Covalent Compounds
melting point
 Poor conductor of electricity
 Liquid or Gas at room temperature