Frisbee (Ultimate or Ultimate Frisbee)
 A Non-contact team sport game played with a disc
flung by hand.
Ancient Origin
 The history of frisbee dates back to ancient greece
there's a famous statue of discobolus throwing a kind of
overhand
throw
with
a
flying
disc.
Early Developments
 In the late 1870s when William Russell Frisbie
founded the Frisbie pie company in the
Bridgepor, connecticut.
 In the 1920-1940s hill university students
discovered the joy of tossing the empty frisbie
pie around the campus.
Modern Frisbee
 Walter Frederick and Warren Franscioni
Disc or Ultimate Disc
 Ultimate discs are designed to be used in
the sport of Ultimate. Ultimate discs are
made
of
durable
plastic
(often polyethylene) and are designed to
be thrown for maximum distance and
accuracy.
 Ultimate has a unique standard with a
diameter of 10.75 inches (27.3 cm) and a
weight of 175 grams (6.2 oz).
Disc golf
Disc golf discs in a target.
 Another type of flying disc is the disc golf disc, which is
used in the sport of disc golf. Disc golf discs are similar in
size and shape to ultimate discs, but have different weights
and designs. The material often used to make golf discs
is polypropylene. There are three main types of disc golf
discs: drivers, mid-range discs, and putters.
 Each type is designed for a specific purpose, with
drivers being used for long-distance throws, midrange discs for more controlled shots, and putters for
short and accurate throws into the target. The rim for
golf discs are sharper than ultimate frisbee, to
reduce wind drag.
 Each type of golf disc has hundreds of variations, subject to
a uniform requirement in the size of discs: the minimum
diameter of a golf disc is 21 cm (8.3 in)
Freestyle disc
 Freestyle discs are another variation of
flying discs that are used in freestyle
Frisbee competitions. These discs are
usually smaller and lighter than other
types of flying discs. Most freestyle
discs have a diameter of 10 inches
(25 cm) or less and a weight of around
160 grams (5.6 oz), but this is subject to
change according to the performer's
need.
 Scoring
 Turnover
 Traveling
 Foul
 10 – second rule
 Catching of the disk
 Substitution/injuries
 Throwing of the disc
 The Field
 Starting Play
 Movement of the Disc
 Substitutions
 Non-contact
 Spirit of the game
 Change of Possession
The goal of Frisbee is to earn a score by catching the disc in the opposing team's end zone. The team who gets 15 points
first wins the game. However, the team must also be in the lead by two points, otherwise the game time is lengthened. You
can have a small break once a team scores eight points.
1. To play Frisbee, grip the disc tightly in your hands and
bring the Frisbee to your chest, wrapping your arm
around it like a coil.
2. If you're a beginner, it's better to throw the disc short
distances first.
3. Each team member must have an assigned opposition
member that they guard at all times.
4. After deciding on who will be in the possession of the
disc first, each team must position themselves in a straight
row in the front of their team's end zones. If Team B has the
initial possession of the disc, the Team B player must throw
the disc across the field to another Team B player, with the
aim to send it into Team A's end zone. Team A must then do
what they can to take the disc back.
5. The disc can be thrown in any direction. However, it may
not be handed off from one player to another.
6. You can score points by catching the Frisbee in the
opponent team's end zone. To score, the player must catch
the disc while already in the end zone, not running to the
end zone after catching it.
7. You cannot run with the disc. You must stay in one place or
pivot without gaining ground to throw the Frisbee. If you're
running while catching the disc, you must pace yourself to be
able to stop once you catch the Frisbee.
8. Players may not touch each other, nor prevent others from
running, catching the disk or throwing the disk by physical
contact. In some cases of accidental contact, the aggrieved
player may call "Foul," which will lead to a discussion. The
person who called foul will generally be awarded possession
of the Frisbee.
9. Turnover of the Frisbee from Team A to Team B is done if
Team A commits any of the following: * The disc touching the
ground * if the Team B catches or intercepts the Frisbee thrown
by Team A * If a player of Team A drops the dis * if Team B
knocks down the Frisbe * if Team A catches the disc out of the
assigned playing are * if a player of Team A holds on the disc
longer than the Stall Count
10. Only one player stands as guard for the opposing team's
player. There can be no multiple guards from the opposing
team for one particular team player.
The official Frisbee is owned by Mattel Toy Manufacturers, who bought the toy from Wham-O in 1994.
Although ultimate frisbee will have a referee present at all games, traditionally, the game is selfofficiated. 2 Players have the right to call their own fouls and violations, and opposing players involved
have the right to contest the call.
The aim of the game-Two teams of seven players competes on a playing field about the same length as
a football field, but narrower. Regulation sized fields are 70 yards long by 40 yards wide, plus end
zones that are 20 x 40 yards.
Similar to football, there are end zones on each end of the field with the objective of getting the frisbee
into an end zone to score a goal. Goals are scored when a team catches the disc in the end zone
opposite of the one that team is defending.
Players have to make an effort to avoid physical contact. Picks and screens are not permitted. When
contact is made that affects the play, a foul is called. When a foul causes a player to lose the disc, play
simply continues as if possession was retained. If the player who committed the foul disagrees with it,
the play is redone.
SPIRIT OF THE GAME
Players should be mindful of the fact that they are acting as referees in any arbitration between teams.
They should: know the rules; be fair-minded and objective; be truthful; explain their viewpoint clearly
and briefly; allow opponents a reasonable chance to speak; resolve disputes as quickly as possible,
using respectful language; make calls in a consistent manner throughout the game; and only make a
call where a breach is significant enough to make a difference to the outcome of the action.
It is trusted that no player will intentionally break the rules; thus there are no harsh penalties for
inadvertent breaches, but rather a method for resuming play in a manner which simulates what would
most likely have occurred had there been no breach.
Playing Ultimate Frisbee without referees offers a unique and rewarding experience for participants.
While it may seem unconventional, this self-officiated sport brings several benefits that contribute to
the spirit and camaraderie of the game
SPIRIT OF THE GAME
Spirit of the Game: One of the core principles of Ultimate Frisbee is the "Spirit of the Game." Without
referees, players take responsibility for fair play, honesty, and sportsmanship. This fosters a strong sense of
integrity and encourages players to resolve conflicts and make unbiased calls together, promoting mutual
respect and fair competition.
Self-Governance and Ownership: In the absence of referees, players actively govern the game
themselves. This autonomy creates a greater sense of ownership, as everyone has a role in upholding the
rules and maintaining a positive playing environment. It encourages open communication, collaboration,
and decision-making, empowering players to collectively shape the course of the game.
Enhanced Communication and Conflict Resolution: Playing without referees requires effective
communication among players. They engage in respectful discussions to resolve disputes and clarify
interpretations of the rules. This process hones communication skills, fosters understanding, and
strengthens relationships both on and off the field.
SPIRIT OF THE GAME
Sportsmanship and Respect: Ultimate Frisbee without referees promotes a culture of good
sportsmanship and respect. Players are encouraged to prioritize fair play, even in the heat of
competition. This fosters a friendly and inclusive atmosphere, where players can challenge themselves
and their opponents while maintaining a deep appreciation for the spirit of the game.
Skill Development and Learning Opportunities: Self-officiated games provide valuable learning
opportunities. Players have the chance to understand the rules thoroughly, apply them in real-time
situations, and make informed decisions. This process enhances their knowledge of the game, improves
critical thinking, and helps develop leadership skills.
Community and Social Bonding: The absence of referees nurtures a strong sense of community
among players. By collectively managing the game, they form closer connections, build trust, and
strengthen bonds. The shared responsibility creates a supportive and inclusive environment where
players can develop friendships and enjoy the game together.
Playing Ultimate Frisbee without referees encourages a culture of integrity, self-governance, and mutual
respect. It empowers players to embrace the Spirit of the Game and take ownership of their actions. This
unique approach enhances sportsmanship, communication skills, and community building, making each
match an enriching and enjoyable experience for all involved.