word or phrase part of speech acted illegally phrase business environment heavily regulated noun phrase impressive and symbolic order increasingly globalised noun phrase invested heavily phrase largely monopolised phrase legal and technical monopoly noun monopoly noun natural monopoly noun oligopoly noun perfect competition noun political and economic agenda noun sustainable and profitable growth noun conversely adverb genetically modified adjective massive adjective organic purchase adjective verb reconsidering present participle shape verb shortages noun plural consumer electronics noun food and drink noun health and beauty noun home care noun home electrical noun supermarket retail noun Socio-cultural adjective Technological Economic adjective adjective Environmental adjective Political adjective annual base salary noun comparison companies noun plural compensation programme customer retention rates noun noun plural difficult to incentivise phrase equity-based awards noun plural financial incentive noun incentive bonus noun incentivise investment in phrase income noun increased shareholder value new product revenue operating cash flow noun noun noun operating profit pay noun verb pay pay cut noun noun payment performance-related pay noun noun remuneration noun reward verb reward noun salary noun short-term cash incentives noun plural stretch goals / stretch targets noun plural wage noun convergence creativity noun noun divergence imagination noun noun implementation noun innovation noun interaction noun invention atmosphere at work noun noun budgets noun plural departments noun plural dress code noun expense accounts noun plural norms noun plural organisational structures noun plural personality noun procedures noun plural reward systems noun plural role culture noun rules noun plural task culture noun values noun plural competence noun dignity noun face identity noun noun rapport noun social inclusion sociality rights noun noun plural at the coalface phrase crave the limelight gut-wrenching peter out run into trouble phrase adjective phrasal verb phrase tackle the thorny issues phrase take root idiom windows of opportunity noun plural brief overview noun cut costs phrase encourage teamwork phrase engaging the stakeholders phrase gather information phrase increase confidence phrase initial adjective pilot (the solution) put (a plan) into practice requirements verb phrase noun plural screen out unwanted projects phrase slash delivery times phrase undertake (a feasibility study) verb 4Cs noun plural 4Ps noun plural bricks and clicks operator noun bricks retailer noun communication with the customer phrase convenience to the customer phrase cost to the customer phrase customer relationship marketing noun customer wants and needs noun plural customer’s perspective noun database marketing noun dot.com adjective dot.com e-retail shop e-tailer noun noun noun marketing mix noun multi-channel retailer noun physical store noun producer’s perspective noun pure play retail outlet noun noun search engine optimisation noun social media marketing noun target consumers virtual store noun plural noun web optimisation noun asset noun attributed to phrasal verb beyond preposition boost verb brand awareness noun brand equity noun brand extension noun brand image noun brand positioning noun brand repositioning noun extensions noun plural gross revenues noun plural licensed brand noun luxury brand noun manufacturer’s brand noun own brand noun perceptions noun plural transmit affordable verb adjective iconic adjective inspirational adjective physical relaxed to be inspired by adjective adjective phrase uncomplicated unmistakable features adjective noun plural versatile vibrant catering central costs adjective adjective noun noun plural depreciation noun direct costs noun plural fixed costs noun plural indirect costs noun plural insurance noun interest noun maintenance noun navigation noun overheads noun variable costs noun plural capitalise on phrasal verb collateral noun entities noun plural envision verb guarantor noun household-based entrepreneurs noun plural incentive incentivise noun verb payee noun payment noun penalty noun population density noun repayment noun requirement noun sustainably destitute adverb adjective to guarantee to pay to pay back to penalise to repay verb verb verb verb verb amount of interest noun bluff verb box-ticking exercise noun compelled adjective conscious of adjective deception noun focus on the impact phrase generated past participle impact on noun incorporated within the strategy phrase integrated into the company phrase look at phrasal verb mindful of adjective primary purpose noun procurement policies noun plural stakeholders noun plural transparent in vast well-being adjective adjective noun work–life balance conduct noun verb consult verb develop deviate ensure verb verb verb evaluate verb implement verb monitor specify verb verb definition did something in a way not allowed by law the conditions that organisations operate in and the way that they influence how the organisations operate controlled by rules or laws to a great degree a special and important request from a customer for goods or services operating internationally more and more put a lot of money, effort, time, etc. into something in order to improve it or get an advantage mainly controlled or dominated a situation in which a government gives the right to provide particular goods or services to one company, and in which the company is the only one with the knowledge, machines or methods to provide the goods or services a situation in which one company or person or a government has no competition in the sale of a particular product or service and is able to control its supply and price a situation in which one company is able to supply the whole market for a product or service more cheaply than two or more companies could a situation in which only a small number of companies are involved in producing a particular type of goods or in providing a particular type of service. The group of companies itself is also referred to as an oligopoly. a situation where the sellers of a product or service are free to compete fairly, and sellers and buyers have complete information the political and economic things that a person or organisation considers to be important and wants to solve or achieve, or their reasons for wanting to do those things an increase in the ability of an economy or business to produce goods and services which results in a profit or an advantage and is able to continue at the same level for a period of time in an opposite way describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed scientifically very large in size or amount relating to growing food or other products without using artificial chemicals to buy something thinking about changing a decision or a plan to decide or influence the form of something, especially a belief or idea, or someone's character situations in which there is less of something than people want or need used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electronic products that are bought by people for their own use used to describe the industry or a company focussed on food and drink used to describe the industry or a company focussed on health and beauty products and services, such as cosmetics, hair care products, medicines etc. used to describe the industry or a company focussed on products for house and garden cleaning and maintenance used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electrical products in the home such as laptops, TVs, mobiles and PCs. used to describe the industry or a company focussed on selling to consumers through supermarkets one of the STEEP factors, relating to forces within society such as family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and the media one of the STEEP factors, relating to modern technology and its influence on business, industry, etc. one of the STEEP factors, relating to trade, industry, and money one of the STEEP factors, relating to the environment one of the STEEP factors, relating to politics the amount of money that someone earns every year in their job, not including any extra payments they may receive companies that are trying to compete with others in a particular market the system of payment and benefits that an employee receives for doing their job the percentage of customers kept for a defined period of time not easy to make someone want to do something an amount of money paid by a company to an employee as an increase in income or as a special payment for success, which is connected to the value of shares in the company money that encourages a person or organisation to do something an amount of money given to an employee in addition to their salary that encourages the employee to do something to make someone want to put money into something money earned by a person, company, government, etc. over particular period of time better returns for shareholders or maximisation of share value the money received from new products or services cash generated from operating activities a company's profit from its normal business activities, not including any earned from investments or sales of assets, calculated by taking operating expenses away from gross income to give money to someone for work that they have done the money you receive for doing a job a reduction in the money you receive for doing a job an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid pay that is based on how well someone does their job payment for work that has been done or services that have been provided to give a person, company, or organisation money or other advantages because they have been successful money that someone earns for doing a job, especially when this is a very large amount the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as part of this amounts of money paid over short periods of time that encourage a person to do something high and difficult levels of success that an employee must achieve if they are to be considered to be doing their job in a satisfactory way an amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee for their work the movement of ideas and opinions to the same point (they become similar) the production or use of original and unusual ideas a situation in which two things become different, or the difference between them increases the ability to think of new ideas the act of putting a plan into action or of starting to use something the use or development of new products, designs, or ideas a situation where two or more people or things communicate with each other or react to each another a product or a way of doing something which has never been made or never existed before the character, feeling or mood of a workplace the amounts of money you are allowed to spend for particular purposes parts of a large organisation, such as a company or university, that deal with a particular area of work, business, study, etc. an accepted way of dressing for a particular occasion or in a particular situation arrangements in which your employer pays for the things you need to buy while doing your job accepted standards, or ways of behaving or doing things that most people agree with ways in which a large company or organisation is organised, for example, the types of relationships that exist between managers and employees the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave, feel, and think sets of actions which are the usual or official way of doing something systems used by companies where employees who achieve particular results are paid more or get other advantages a kind or organisational culture which can be pictured as a Greek temple, where the columns represent the departments and the roof above represents senior management. This culture is suited to stable environments or environments where the organisation has a lot of market power. accepted principles or instructions that state the way things are or should be done, and tell you what you are allowed or are not allowed to do a kind or organisational culture which is job- or projectorientated. It is a team culture, characterised by high levels of cooperation and fast-decision-making. the beliefs that people have about what is right, wrong, and most important in life, business, etc. which control their behaviour the ability in a given field or the ability to do something well calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you the positive self-image that we have or the respect and honour of others the distinct personality of an individual a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them the access we have to social networks or feel part of the rest of society what members of society expect they are entitled to doing the work involved in a job, in real working conditions, rather than planning or talking about it seek public attention and interest making you feel very uncomfortable to gradually stop or disappear to begin to experience difficulties to try to deal with the problems or subjects which are difficult to deal with If an idea, belief or system takes root somewhere, it starts to be accepted there short periods in between other activities when there is a chance to do something a short description of something which provides general information about it, but no details to reduce the money that a company or organisation has to spend regularly to make people more likely to work together as a team interesting the people who are involved in or buy from a business or have an interest in its success in something, and keeping them thinking about it to collect facts or details about a person, company, product etc., often from different places or people to have more trust that things will work well or behave as you expect, or become more certain of your own ability to do things well happening at the beginning to test (a solution) over a short period to see whether it is worth developing and investing in to make (a plan) an action as opposed to thoughts or ideas what is wanted or needed by someone to not accept projects that do no fit certain criteria to suddenly reduce by a large amount the amount of time that it takes for goods that have been bought to arrive at the place where they are wanted to do or begin to do (an investigation carried out by a company or other organisation that examines whether a planned business activity or project is likely to be successful) four subjects to consider when selling a product or service, which are more consumer-oriented than the 4Ps: convenience for the customer, customer wants and needs, cost to the customer, communication with the customer the four main subjects to consider when selling a product or service: product (= what to sell), price, place (= where to sell it), and promotion (=advertising, etc.) a business that operates in a building and over the Internet a traditional retailer that operates in a building or buildings, when compared to one that operates over the Internet one of the four parts of the 4Cs, involving two-way communication between the customer and the supplier, in contrast to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, promotion, which suggests one-way communication. one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which recognises customers' choices for buying in ways convenient to them, compared to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, place. one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, price) represents the real cost to the customer, for example their own transport costs in addition to the price that companies charge for the product. gathering detailed information about customers in order to offer personalised products or services one of the four parts of the 4Cs, meaning the combination of services and satisfaction that customers want, focussing (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, product) more on the solution to the customer's problem than on the product that the customer wants to sell. the customer's way of considering something a technique enabling companies to analyse such things as online customer feedback and enquiries to help them understand their customers better relating to companies that do most of their business on the Internet a company that does most of its business on the Internet an online store a business that uses the Internet to sell its products the combination of actions a company uses when selling a product or service. These are often described as the four Ps (= product, price, place, and promotion) . a business which makes products and services available to customers in different ways, for example on the Internet and in store. a real store, rather than one which exists on the Internet the manufacturer's way of considering something a company that operates only over the Internet, and has no physical stores a store that sells goods to the public making a website easy to find via search engines methods for advertising products, services, or brands using the Internet, by attracting the interest of groups of people who discuss them, make suggestions about them, etc. online the people that a company wants to sell its products or services to a store that exists on the Internet, rather than a real one making a website which is well designed, for example one which is fast, easy and pleasant to use, and which is easy to find via search engines something that is owned by a company or organisation, such as money, property, land or a brand. given to outside or further than (something) to increase or improve something the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular brand the value of a particular brand for the company that makes it the process of using an existing brand name to introduce new products or services a set of features and ideas that customers connect in their minds with a particular product or brand a company's decision about how a product is marketed in relation to its other products, and to competitors' products the process of changing the way that people think about a brand uses of an existing brand name to introduce new products or services money generated by all of a company's operations, before deductions for expenses a brand that is leased to a manufacturer, who then makes the product under that name an expensive brand which is not necessary but bought for pleasure the name of a manufacturer on a product, used to advertise and sell the product a product that has the name of the store where you buy it, rather than a name used by the company that made it ways that people think and feel about a company, product, service, etc. to communicate information, knowledge, beliefs, values, ideas etc. to others not expensive very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time making you feel hopeful or encouraged relating to things you can see or touch comfortable and informal to get an idea from simple, not difficult to understand clearly recognised characteristics of a product able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes full of energy and excitement the activity of providing food and drink costs for corporate and regional functions a loss of value, especially over time costs that can be identified with a particular project or activity costs such as wages, rent, and interest that do not change in relation to how much a business produces costs that are not directly accountable to a particular project or activity money that is paid to an insurance company money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money the activity of keeping a building, vehicle, road, etc. in good condition by checking it regularly and repairing it when necessary the act of directing a ship, aircraft, etc. from one place to another the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business costs that change according to how much of a product is being produced or used to use a situation to your own advantage property that someone borrowing money will give to the loan company, if he or she cannot pay the debt organisations or businesses that have their own separate legal and financial existence to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good a person or organisation that promises to pay back a loan if the person or organisation that originally borrowed the money does not people who make money by starting their own business in their home something, especially money, that encourages a person or organisation to do something to make someone want to do something a person that money or a cheque is paid to or should be paid to an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid an amount of money that someone is forced to pay for failing to obey a rule, law, etc. the number of people in a particular country, area or place when compared with the size of the place the act of paying back money that you have borrowed an official rule about something that it is necessary to have or to do in a way that it can continue at the same level for a period of time without money, food, a home, or possessions to offer something valuable to someone with the agreement that they can keep it if you fail to pay a loan or do what you promise to give money to someone for a product or service to pay back money that you have borrowed to cause someone a disadvantage to pay back money that you have borrowed the quantity of money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money, or the quantity of money that you earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other financial organisation to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else something that you do because you have to comply with a list of requirements, rather than because you have a genuine commitment or interest in doing it having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is necessary noticing that a particular thing or person exists or is present dishonest or illegal methods that are used to get something, or to make people believe that something is true when it is not to give a lot of attention to the powerful effect that something has on someone or something produced or created something such as a profits, sales, or jobs a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on someone or something included within the way in which a business, government, or other organisation carefully plans its actions over a period of time to improve its position and achieve what it wants combined into the company to think about something carefully so that you can make a decision about it careful not to forget about the reason for doing something or the reason that something exists which is more important than anything else policies regarding the process by which an organisation buys the products or services it needs from other organisations employees, investors, customers, etc. who are involved in or buy from a business and have an interest in its success people and companies which are transparent in something do it in an open way without secrets, so that people can trust that they are fair and honest extremely big the state of feeling healthy and happy the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy to do something, or make something happen to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subject to invent something or bring something such as a product or service into existence to do something which is different from what is planned to make something certain to happen to judge the quality, importance, amount, or value of someone or something to put a plan into action to watch a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it to state or describe something clearly and exactly example sentence The company acted illegally by forcing an employee into early retirement. In a fast-paced, changing business environment, making sure employees have the right guidance can be critical. Healthcare and banking are heavily regulated. The company received an impressive and symbolic order from the royal family. The food chain is becoming increasingly globalised. The government has invested heavily in higher education. Different sports, like different industries, are largely monopolised by a small group of teams or companies. unit 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The company has a legal and technical monopoly on production of the drug. 1 He argues that farm subsidies help keep agricultural land away from corporate monopolies. 1 Technology has moved on, turning what was once a natural monopoly into a potentially competitive market. 1 Some say that Swedish banking is an oligopoly: the big four banks control 89% of total banking assets. 1 It may be impossible to create markets where there is perfect competition. 1 Political and economic agendas change with the times, as every CEO knows. 1 Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable and economic growth. Introducing flexitime can motivate employees to work harder, or, conversely, lead to a decrease in productivity. 1 2 Genetically modified foods have to pass a rigorous safety assessment. The company needs to raise cash to pay down its massive $1.2 billion debt. 2 Are these carrots organic? Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. The organisation is reconsidering its position in the light of new developments. 2 2 He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy. The country could face power shortages as early as next year due to growing demand. The economic outlook is good for most manufacturers of consumer electronics. 2 2 2 2 2 We hope the government listens to the concerns of the food and drink industry and drops its plans to make food labelling legislation more complex. The health and beauty industry has been badly affected by the recession. The growth in the popularity of air fresheners has helped increase home care industry sales. 2 2 2 One of the big supermarkets has moved into home electrical goods. The supermarket retail industry in the EU is dominated by a small number of supermarket chains. 2 Socio-cultural forces affect our attitudes, interests and opinions. Technological advances have greatly changed the manner in which businesses operate. All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors. Environmental factors include increased pollution levels and deforestation. Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for organisations. 2 She earns an annual base salary of €45,000. She was looking for a new job in the same industry, and looked at the job vacancies at comparison companies. In addition to the base salary, Our compensation programme includes incentives in the form of stock options and shares. The firm's customer retention rate has remained steady at 82%. The company found it difficult to incentivise employees to work longer hours. 3 Equity-based awards have been ruled out in the new compensation package. Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology. 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Bank bosses are still being paid huge incentive bonuses. The government needs to incentivise investment in the broadband communication infrastructure in rural areas. 3 To qualify, you must have an income of $24,000 or less. The company has been successful in driving increased shareholder value. New product revenue is much less than from print advertising. The incentive payout is partly based on operating cash flow. 3 Last year, they made an operating profit of $17m on revenues of $1.54 billion. He hates his job, but at least it pays well. There has been a long-running dispute over pay and working conditions. Employees have a choice between taking a pay cut or working more. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 For the fiscal year ended February 28 2010, payments from Class A Shares amounted to $1,470. The unions are against performance-related pay for teachers. 3 3 The deal took his total remuneration last year to £2.4m. The Industrial Exporter of the Year award will reward a company that has expanded outside the domestic market. The link between corporate performance and the big rewards reaped by directors should be more transparent. 3 Her annual salary exceeds €100,000. Short-term cash incentives were given to employees in order to improve performance. 3 Stretch targets should provide the benchmark under which a person's performance is deemed to be "poor". 3 3 3 3 This deal represents an hourly wage rate of $9.83. The convergence of ideas plays an important part in the creative process. The organisation celebrates and rewards creativity in its staff. The figures reveal a marked divergence between public sector pay settlements and those in the private sector. It's a job that needs someone with a bit of imagination. A vibrant and efficient service sector is important for the implementation of its policies. He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. Turning an invention from an idea into a money-making product is a long job. There's a very relaxed atmosphere at work. Corporate planners are busy drawing up budgets for the next fiscal year. 3 He was previously a director in the human resources department. When she got a new job she had to get used to the company's dress code. 5 I can put this lunch on my expense account. 5 These standards generally exceed the accepted industry norms. 5 Different organisational structures suit different kinds of organisation. He has a dynamic personality, makes excellent decisions, and is a true leader. The company has introduced new procedures for dealing with customer complaints. 5 Salespeople often benefit from generous reward systems. 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 An organisation with a role culture is generally believed to be very stable but poor at implementing change. 5 Such misleading advertising is against the rules. 5 Task culture is very adaptable and focuses on achieving results above all else. 5 He believed that culture and values helped hold the company together. The ideal candidate will have both a design sensibility and competence in the relevant software packages. 5 He is a man of dignity and calm determination. 6 He thinks he would lose face if he admitted the mistake. There are many different aspects of our identity. 6 6 We'd worked together for years and developed a close rapport. 6 People have concerns over social inclusion. Sociality rights are concerned with personal and social entitlements. Those at the coalface of the business may occasionally lose patience with management theories and abstractions. She craves the limelight and wants the business to get lots of media attention. Senior executives found it gutwrenching to talk about layoffs. The fighting which started in the night had petered out by morning. We will run into trouble if we do not change our procedures. 6 6 There are many ways to tackle the thorny issue of taxation. 7 Communism has never really taken root in England. 7 I have some windows of opportunity next week, so we could meet then. 7 This chart provides a brief overview of sales for the past six months. With regard to advertising, we have to cut costs from £12,000 to £8,000 per month. Senior management wants to encourage teamwork at all levels of the organisation. 8 The board is interested in engaging the stakeholders in this issue. 8 I went to several libraries to gather information about the scheme. 8 As you progress through the project you will increase confidence in what you are doing. 8 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 Economists had expected GDP growth to be revised upwards from last month's initial estimate of 0.6%. The solution is being piloted by a few councils with a view to extending it nationwide. We are beginning to put the new processes and systems into practice. I've been asked to estimate our budget requirements for next year. The procedures are designed to screen out unwanted projects containing high levels of risk. 8 8 8 8 8 The retail giant is slashing delivery times to win customers. 8 He needs to undertake a proper feasibility study. 8 The company is more influenced by the 4Cs than the 4Ps. 9 The tools we use to build competitive advantage are issues relating to applying the 4Ps in a profitable way. The supermarket chain is a bricks and clicks operator, allowing customers to shop in store or online. 9 Online retailers try to lure customers away from bricks retailers. 9 Communication with the customer is not just advertising. 9 Convenience for the customer also includes key aspects of website design such as navigation. 9 9 For ‘clicks’ e-retail, there are also the costs of carriage to be added to the quoted prices. Smart card loyalty schemes are an example of customer relationship marketing. 9 Customer wants and needs are not just about the products themselves but rather about good feelings or solutions to problems. The framework is designed to help companies view marketing from the customer's perspective. 9 Database marketing uses powerful software to analyse information from customers. Shareholders are unlikely to see the £15 per share high reached at the height of the dot.com boom. Starting a successful dot.com has more to do with business skills than technical expertise. Their e-retail shop sells mostly books and DVDs. You can buy a wide variety of consumer electronics from an e-tailer. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Their plan involves choosing target customers and designing a persuasive marketing mix to get them to buy. A multi-channel approach can allow customers to buy a product on the Internet but go to a store if they need a refund. Even customers who shop online may prefer to go to a physical store for a refund or exchange. The producer's perspective of product availability often differs from the customer's perspective. 9 9 9 9 BlueBags started out as a pure play, only available online. Their albums are available only online, not at any retail outlets. It is just as important to think about search engine optimisation as it is to make a website attractive and easy to navigate. 9 9 Social media marketing is part of a two-way process with customers. 9 We need the right product to satisfy the needs of target consumers. A virtual store needs to be quick and easy to navigate. 9 9 Website optimisation will help a company's website attract more paying customers. 9 The company reported total assets worth $1.9 million. The value attributed to a particular product can vary enormously from country to country or according to the time of year. Copywriters and branding experts will move further beyond benefits to highlight hidden benefits. The industry has exceeded all expectations for boosting profits and dividends. The objective is to develop positive attitudes and build brand awareness among car owners in order to induce them to purchase. Brand equity is presumed to be a leading indicator of a business's future success. One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extension into other areas. He attributes their success to the shops looking right, a strong brand image, and sensational advertising. Everything from brand positioning to price, supply chain, advertising, capital spending, and quality is being reviewed. We are beginning to feel the benefits of the brand repositioning we have done. One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extensions into car hire and coach services. Brand repositioning enabled the company to increase its gross revenues. Consumers may not be aware that they are purchasing a licensed brand. Many rich and famous women like to be seen carrying a luxury brand handbag. It is estimated that 85% of all sporting goods are sold under a manufacturer's brand. 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Supermarket own brands are almost invariably cheaper than branded goods. Although our handling of complaints has improved greatly, it continues to be a significant problem in terms of public perception. Training appears to be an effective way to transmit information about diversity and its importance. They are meeting consumer demand for affordable footwear. Coca-Cola is an iconic brand. The holiday provides tourists with an inspirational combination of mountain views and historic monuments. Physical comfort is the most important consideration when choosing footwear. It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed style. The sandals were inspired by an ancient Japanese design. In response to customer demand, the new website has an uncomplicated style. Apple computers have a number of unmistakable features. They were looking for versatile footwear and found a new kind of sheepskin boot. Their products always use vibrant colours. The passenger meals are prepared by airline catering services. Head office costs are an example of central costs. After three years, this car is projected to be worth 57% of its price when new - one of the lowest rates of depreciation of any car in any class. Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated. When you take 2,000 people out of your business you will inevitably reduce the fixed costs. Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated. They ask for 8% extra from customers who pay insurance by direct debit instead of as a lump sum. Interest rates influence business borrowing. Components necessary for the maintenance of our aeroplanes often have to be ordered from abroad. In Europe, air navigation charges are collected from airlines by an organisation called Eurocontrol. The combined company aims to reduce annual overheads by as much as £2 billion. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Common variable costs include raw materials, shipping and depletion. She capitalised on her knowledge and experience to get a new and better paid job. Debt counsellors are concerned by the trend towards using houses as collateral against debt. 11 Nearly 90 entities, mainly private companies, mint gold in bars. The company's web optimisation project envisions a website that is far better than any of its competitors' sites and is at the top of relevant search engine listings. 12 12 12 12 Some providers lend young people more if their parents agree to be guarantor for the loan. Household-based entrepreneurs are dependent on a reliable internet connection. Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology. We need to incentivise our sales managers to achieve these targets. 12 12 12 12 They filled in the amount on the cheque, but left the payee's name blank. The company went bankrupt because it couldn't afford the monthly payments on the loan once interest rates rose. 12 Customers who miss a loan repayment will face a penalty interest rate. 12 The area has a high population density. Charge cards have no limit, but full repayment is to be made each month. 12 I am afraid the safety system fails to meet minimum requirements. Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan to develop the business sustainably. During the global economic crisis many people were left destitute. 12 12 12 12 12 If you need to guarantee the loan, you will lose the business if you default on payments. We'll need to pay a builder to take this wall down. Students generally have 10 years to pay back their loans. The present tax system penalises poor people. Students generally have 10 years to repay their loans. 12 12 12 12 12 The amount of interest on a mortgage is higher than the amount of interest earned on savings. 13 She bluffed the doorman into thinking that she was a reporter. 13 For some employees, safety checks are just a box ticking exercise. 13 He felt compelled to report the incident. He gradually became conscious of the fact that everyone else was wearing a suit. 13 The couple were accused of obtaining money by deception. The new corporate social responsibility policy will focus on the impact the organisation has on the environment. The current recovery has so far generated far fewer high-paying jobs than the last boom. Social networks are making a huge impact on sales, with fans recommending brands to hundreds of their friends. 13 13 13 13 13 Overseas diversification is incorporated within the strategy. The other organisation's IT systems will be fully integrated into the company as soon as practical following the acquisition. 13 Management is looking at ways of cutting costs. 13 Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph. My primary purpose for going to the conference was to advertise our services. 13 Different departments have different procurement policies. Corporate executives need to think about the whole business and how it creates value for customers and stakeholders. 13 We need to look at how transparent the company is in disclosing information. A vast audience watched the broadcast. People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being. 13 13 13 13 13 13 Men have low expectations of securing a better work-life balance. We seek to conduct business in an ethical manner. Because investors' state and local taxes may be different than the federal taxes described above, investors should consult their own tax advisors. 13 14 The software was developed by a marine science consulting firm. They deviated from the original plan. The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. Employees will be evaluated on their performance, attendance, and team skills. The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales force. The government had agreed to allow the inspectors to monitor the refuelling process. He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Russian действовал незаконно экономические условия зарегулированный впечатляющий и символический заказ все более глобальный характер делать большие вложения сильно монополизированный юридическая и техническая монополия монополия естественная монополия олигополия идеальная конкуренция политическая и экономическая ситуация устойчивый и прибыльный рост наоборот генетически модифицированный массивный органический покупать пересматривать формировать нехватки бытовая электроника пищевая продукция медицинские товары и товары личной гигиены хозяйственные товары бытовые электротовары розничные супермаркеты социокультурный технологический экономический экологический политический основной годовой оклад похожие компании программа вознаграждения доля сохранения клиентской базы не поддающийся стимулированию премия при увеличении доходов финансовый стимул поощрительная премия стимулировать инвестиции в доход увеличенная акционерная стоимость доход от новой продукции операционные денежные средства операционная прибыль платить плата сокращение зарплаты выплата оплата, связанная с качеством работы вознаграждение награждать премия заработная плата краткосрочные материальные поощрения завышенные цели / завышенные задачи заработная плата схождение творческий подход расхождение воображение реализация нововведение взаимодействие изобретение обстановка на работе бюджеты отделы правила ношения одежды служебные расходы нормы организационные структуры индивидуальность процедуры системы вознаграждений ролевая культура правила целенаправленная культура ценности компетентность достоинство лицо индивидуальность взаимопонимание социальная интеграция социальные права на передовой стремиться к популярности мучительный иссякать сталкиваться с проблемами решать трудные вопросы укореняться окно возможностей краткий обзор сокращать издержки поощрять коллективную работу привлекать внимание заинтересованных лиц собирать информацию укреплять доверие первоначальный испытывать (решение) осуществлять (план) требования отсеивать ненужные проекты резко сократить время доставки проводить (анализ осуществимости) 4С (удобство для клиентов, потребности клиентов, затраты клиентов, связь с клиентами) 4P (продукция, цена, место и реклама) фирма, торгующая в реальном магазине и в Интернет традиционный торговец связь с клиентом удобство для клиентов затраты клиентов маркетинг на основе отношений с клиентами потребности клиентов с точки зрения клиента маркетинг с использованием базы данных электронный бизнес электронный бизнес Интернет-магазин Интернет-магазин маркетинговый комплекс многоканальный розничный торговец физический магазин с точки зрения производителя чисто электронный бизнес розничная торговая точка оптимизация поискового механизма социальный маркетинг целевой потребитель виртуальный магазин оптимизация вебсайта актив придаваемый вне расширять известность торговой марки значимость торговой марки расширение торговой марки имидж торговой марки позиционирование торговой марки изменение позиционирования торговой марки продолжения валовой доход лицензионная марка марка класса люкс марка производителя с ярлыком магазина, где товар продан восприятие передавать доступный культовый вдохновляющий физический непринужденный черпать вдохновение из несложный безошибочно узнаваемые черты универсальный живой общественное питание расходы центрального офиса амортизация прямые издержки фиксированные издержки косвенные издержки страховка процент обслуживание навигация накладные расходы переменные издержки извлекать пользу из обеспечение организации воображает поручитель владельцы домашнего бизнеса поощрение стимулировать получатель платежа выплата штраф плотность населения возврат требование устойчиво нуждающиеся давать обеспечение долга оплачивать возвращать долг ставить в невыгодное положение возвращать долг величина процента Блефовать формальность вынужденный сознающий обман сосредоточить внимание на эффекте дало эффект включенный в стратегию интегрированный в компанию рассматривать помнящий основная цель политика закупок заинтересованные стороны прозрачность в громадный благополучие баланс работы и личной жизни проводить консультироваться разрабатывать отклоняться обеспечивать оценивать осуществлять контролировать указывать
