MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
NURSING (PEDIA)
If
PSYCHOLOGY
5. Wave
What
•
Do
you could change your behavior, who cares how you feel.
Very
popular during the conservative 1950's when social
appearance mattered more than self-expression.
Five: Eclectic
About
is it?
The study of our inner feelings and behaviors.
our feelings always match our behaviors?
variety
Psychologists
pick and choose what theories to use depending
on the situation and the client
EX:
Just
like Ben 10 choosing the right alien to fight the bad guy
depending the situation.
Made
up of about 7 different perspectives.
In
other words, psychologists today, pick and choose from
about 7 schools of thought to help you with your problems.
The
◼ History
of Psychology
1. Biopsychology
•
Although the science of psychology started in the late 1800's, the
concept has been around a lot longer.
•
There was evidence of trephination (cutting holes into a skull to
let evil spirits out) back in the stone age.
◼ Waves
All of your feelings and behaviors have an organic root.
•
In other words, they come from your brain, body
chemistry, neurotransmitters, etc.
•
EX:
Let
us imagine for a second that your dog died (sad but
it will happen). You become depressed. You stop
eating and sleeping. What would a psychologist from
this school say is going on and how might they help
you?
╚ The
science of psychology has gone through about 5 different
waves since it started.
1. Wave
are different ways of thinking over time.
One: Introspection Kickin it old school
 Started
with Wilhelm Wundt's first psychological laboratory
and his concept of introspection (structuralism).
 Then
William James wrote The Principles of Psychology and,
discussed functionalism.
 In
reality these ideas do not have much impact on how
psychologists think today.
2. Wave
2. Evolutionary
by Max Wertheimer, these guys focused not on how we
feel, but on how we experience the world.
•
Focuses on Darwinism
•
We behave the way we do because we inherited those
behaviors.
•
Thus, those behaviors must have helped ensure our
ancestors survival.
whole of an experience can be more than the sum of its
parts.
may seem like one picture,
but it can be perceived as 3
different faces. Can you find
them?
Focuses on the unconscious mind.
•
We repress many of our true feelings and are not aware of
them.
•
In order to get better, we must, bring forward the true
feelings we have in our unconscious.
•
EX:
 This
If
a man has Intimacy issues and cannot form
relationships with others. What do you think someone
from this school may think?
 EX:
Think for a moment of all the
reasons that you love your
mom. If you add all those
reasons up, do they equal
your love for your mom?
Hopefully not!!!
Perhaps
they may delve into the man's unconscious
and discover that he was bullied when he were
younger. The bullying may have caused fear in getting
close to others.
4. Behavioral
Three: Psychoanalysis
 This
wave of thinking started with Sigmund Freud (in the early
1900's).
 In
a nutshell, during this time period people believed that most
of your feelings come from a hidden place in your mind called
the unconscious.
 We
protect ourselves from our real feeling by using defense
mechanisms.
4. Wave
Four: Behaviorism
Perspective
•
Focuses on observable behaviors while putting feelings to
the side.
•
We behave in ways because we have been conditioned to
do so.
•
To change behaviors, we have to recondition the client.
•
EX:
Pretend
that you fail psychology class. You become
depressed. In turn, you begin to binge and gain weight.
What
 During
this time period (early to mid-1900s), people started to
ignore how you feel inside.
 All
Perspective
•
 The
3. Wave
Perspective
3. Psychoanalytic
Two: Gestalt Psychology
 Led
•
(Neuroscience) Perspective
•
of Psychology
╚ Waves
Seven Schools of Psychology
do you think a behaviorist may do?
They
would probably ignore the fact that you are
depressed and just focus on your overeating.
that mattered was how you acted.
“Good luck! Kaya mo ‘yan!”
— Ely
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Maybe
make you run a mile every time you eat over
2000 calories
5. Humanist
◼ Growth
Perspective
•
Peaked in the late 90's and 70's so it focused on
spirituality and free will.
•
We have to strive to be the best we can be “selfactualization”.
•
Happiness is defined by the distance between our “selfconcept” and “ideal self”.
6. Cognitive
•
Physiologic increase in size through cell multiplication and
differentiation.
◼ Development
•
Physiologic, psychosocial and cognitive changes occurring over
one’s life span due to growth, maturation, and learning.
◼ Principles
Of Growth and Development
1. Growth
Perspective
•
Focuses on how we think (or encode information)
•
How do we see the world?
•
How did we learn to act to sad or happy events?
•
Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think.
•
EX:
and development are continuous process from
conception until death.
►
Infants:
•
Weight is doubled by 6 months
•
Weight is tripled by one year
•
Height is increase by 50% in one year
2. Growth
►
and development proceeds in an orderly sequence.
This principle suggest that maturation follows a predictable
and universal timetable
•
Children learns to crawl before they learn to walk
•
Children learns to walk before they learn to run
3. Different
children pass through the predictable stages at
different rates.
►
Development have a range of time rather than a point at
which they are accomplish
a. Saying
the first word:
"Dada"
b. Motor
- earliest time is at 9 months
development at different rates
Walking:
7. Social-Cultural
•
Perspective
Says that much of your behavior and your feelings are
dictated by the culture you live in.
•
Some cultures kiss each other when greeting, some just
bow.
•
Does your culture place value on individual or the group?
•
EX:
4. All
►
•
Some children walks well at 9-10 months
•
Some children walks well at 13-14 months
body systems do not develop at the same time
Other body tissues grow rapidly compare to others
•
Neurologic tissue peak it's growth during the first year
of life while genital tissues grows late until puberty.
5. Development
is Cephalocaudal
►
Development proceeds from head to toe
►
Development from head to lower extremities
•
Head control: 2-4 months
•
Crawling: 8-9 months
•
Stands upright perhaps and walk by 1 year
•
Head control followed by sitting, crawling and walking
6. Developmental
►
proceeds from proximal to distal body parts
Development proceeds from the inside going outside
•
Grasping change from using the entire hand to just only
the fingers as the child grow older
7. There
is an optimum time for initiation of experiences or
learning
►
◼ Psychology's
1. Nature
Three Big Debates
•
Versus Nurture
2. Stability
8. A
Versus Change
3. Continuity
— Ely
Sitting — needs a good back control
great deal of skills and behavior is learn by practiced
►
Versus Discontinuity
“Good luck! Kaya mo ‘yan!”
Child cannot learn task until his/her nervous system is
matured enough to allow that particular learning.
Toilet training — best time to train a child is between 18
months to 3 years old
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