8
Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
The States of Matter
Science – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 1: The States Of Matter
First Edition, 2020
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8
Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
The States of Matter
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
2
Let Us Learn
Hello, young little scientist, a great day to you! In this module, you will
learn about the different states of matter. You shall explain the properties
of solids, liquids and gases based on the particle nature of matter.
Specifically, you are expected to:
● Distinguish between matter and non-matter.
● Identify the states of matter.
● Describe the properties of each state of matter.
Let Us Try!
Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.
1.
Which of the following samples is a gaseous state of matter?
A. water
C.
pencil
B. dream
D.
smoke
2.
Why are solids incompressible?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
particles
particles
particles
particles
are very far from each other.
are tightly packed
can slide past with each other.
have the weakest attractive force.
3.
Which of the following statements best differentiates matter from nonmatter?
A. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass while nonmatter refers to any abstract concept or type of energy around
us.
B. Matter has a uniform appearance in a chemical system while
non-matter exists in different forms.
C. Matter is non tangible while non-matter can be held in our bare
hands.
D. Matter has neither mass nor volume while non-matter has either
mass or volume.
4.
Why do gases do not have definite shape and volume?
A. Gas particles have a very C. Gas particles are tightly
strong attractive force.
packed.
B. Gas particles are very near D. Gas particles are very far from
with each other maintaining
each other and fill in the
their steady position.
space of the container.
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5.
Which of the following statements best describes liquids?
A. Liquids have a negligible
C. Liquids take the shape of
attraction since they are fixed.
their container and have
definite volume.
B. Liquid particles move in a
D. Liquid particles are compact
random direction.
and vibrate only.
The concepts that you have reviewed activated your learning about matter.
Later, you will find out that all of them will provide basic foundation related
to our present topic to be discussed.
Are we all set? Let’s proceed!
Let Us Study
The world we live in is made up of matter. Various materials that surround
us, the food we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe, the earth beneath
our feet and even the bright stars at night are forms of matter. It may exist
either living or nonliving which can be detected through our senses-smell
(fragrant or malodorous); touch (rough or smooth); taste (sour, bitter, sweet);
sight (appearance like shape, color, volume) and hearing (loud, soft, no
sound, with echo). (Josefina Ma. Ferriols- Pavico 2013). Indeed, matter is
anything that has mass and it occupies space.
How about the situations depicted in the picture below? Can we identify
matter in it?
https://www.thoughtco.com/examples-of-things-not-matter
Figure 1. What’s The Matter?
Every day, we encounter different situations that either don’t have mass or
don’t take up space. In figure 1 entitled” What’s the matter? “, we can
observe an adolescent girl thinking of a very unforgettable memory she has
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in her mind. She remembered having a very special date with her brother in
a place filled with beautiful sceneries. The captivating beauty of the colors of
the rainbow made the situation very vibrant. The reflections of light add
brightness to that significant moment. She didn’t notice that she had
confessed already to her brother about the story of having her first crush in
school. Her older brother explained not to be serious with it to concentrate
with her studies in high school. Besides he loves her sister and he wanted
her to finish first in schooling before entertaining an infatuation or crush.
What a wonderful brother she had!
Any of the situations above (recalling memory of the past; presence of a
vibrant rainbow above the sky; existence of reflections of light which provide
brightness of the environment; expression of love of an older brother to his
younger sister through giving advice) doesn’t meet the definition of matter.
That’s why they are called non-matter. Basically, any abstract concept or
type of energy is an example of something that does not matter “. (A. M.
Helmenstine n.d.)Here are some additional examples of non-matter: time,
sound, thoughts, dreams, music, magnetism, gravity, microwaves,
information and heat.
The States of Matter
There are three major states of matter solid, liquid and gas however several
new studies have come out showing plasma as the fourth state of matter and
the Bose-Einstein condensate as the fifth. (Marites D. Aquino 2013). Each
of these states is also known as phase and is described using the particulate
nature of matter. It states that matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or
molecules) that are in constant motion and are held together by attractive
forces. The movement of these particles is dependent on the amount of heat
or energy they contain.
The molecules that make up a solid are arranged in regular, repeating
patterns. (Lotha 2019)They are held firmly in place but can vibrate within a
limited area. (Britannica 1998). Liquids have weaker attractive forces which
allow particles to slide past each other. Gases have particles with the highest
energy among the 3 states of matter. It enables the particles to spread out
and move rapidly. (Gaur 2017)Plasma is the fourth state of matter. It has
neither a definite volume nor definite shape. It may be formed by heating and
ionizing gas. It occurs in lightning discharges, and in artificial devices like
neon signs and fluorescent bulbs. Plasma is electrically conductive due to its
free electrical charges which made it distinct and unique from other states of
matter. Bose-Einstein Condensate is the fifth state of matter which was
predicted by Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose. They are fragile and
appear when bosons are refrigerated at a very low temperature. These cold
bosons merge to form a super particle which is more like a wave than an
ordinary form of matter.
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How can we further differentiate the three physical states of matter? Let us
try to find out by analyzing our concept map below.
CONCEPT MAP:
DIFFERENCES AMONG THE THREE STATES OF MATTER
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PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Matter is identified based on its properties. (Marcelita C. Magno 1991). These
are the distinguishing characteristics which would help us recognize their
phase. It could either be physical or chemical properties.
In your grade 7 you have investigated and observed the physical properties of
matter without changing the substance into another substance. These are
odor, color, taste, melting point, boiling point, solubility, density, hardness,
softness, volatility, viscosity, ductility, heat and electrical conductivity. On the
other hand, chemical properties of matter are observable when the substance
undergoes a change in its composition like rusting of iron.
In this module we will concentrate on the following properties like mass,
shape, volume, compressibility, expansibility and density as mentioned
in our concept map.
MASS
Mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object has. (Pia C.
Campo 2013). The basic unit of mass is kilogram (kg) but smaller masses may
be measured in grams(g). Solids have definite mass. Liquids and gases can be
contained in a specific container therefore both of them have measurable
mass.
SHAPE
Shape defines the physical form of matter. Solids have definite shapes which
could either be regular like circles, squares, rectangles and others. Some
solids are arranged in a regularly geometric pattern and in a three
dimensional structure like crystals. Other solids do not contain crystals like
glass, rubber and plastics. Their particles are not arranged in a regular or
repeating pattern thus they are called amorphous solids. (Marites D. Aquino
2013). Liquids and gases take the shape of the container since they do not
have definite shape.
VOLUME
Volume is the amount of space occupied by matter. ("Matter,Mass & Volume."
2016). Solids and liquids have definite volume while gases do not have. In
solids, it is a three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length,
width and height. It is measured in units of cubic centimeters in metric. The
volume for liquids include liters (L) and milliliters (ml). The volume for gases
depends upon the volume of their container. That’s why gases expand to fill
whatever space is available for them.
COMPRESSIBILITY
Compressibility is the measure of how much a given volume of matter
decreases when placed under pressure. If we put pressure on a solid or liquid,
there is essentially no change in volume. Solids are tightly packed while liquid
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particles are closer with each other. In gases, lots of free space between
particles is present thus they are most compressible.
EXPANSIBILITY
The change in temperature of a body causes expansion or contraction of that
body. Most of the substances expand on heating and contract on cooling. This
is called thermal expansion. (Goyal 2016). This is observable in phase
changes. When a substance changes from solid to liquid to gas, there is a
decrease in intermolecular forces. Just like solid ice to liquid water where at
first molecules are held in place but as it turns into liquid, the intermolecular
bond is reduced so that molecules can slide past each other. Gas particles are
in random movement which allows them to expand easily and fill the space of
their container.
DENSITY
Density is a physical property of matter that expresses the amount of mass
per unit volume. (Good 2012). There is only a small difference between the
density of a liquid and its corresponding solid like water and ice. This is
because solids are tightly packed while liquid particles are somewhat closer
with each other. The same number of gas particles spread farther apart than
in a liquid or solid state. The same mass takes up a bigger volume which
means that gas is least dense of them all.
Since you already know how to distinguish matter from non-matter; how to
identify the different states of matter and their corresponding properties based
on the particle nature of matter, it is your time to make use of your learned
concepts.
Are you all ready? Let’s Practice!
Let Us Practice
Activity 1: Am I Matter or Not?
Direction: Analyze the different pictures below. Classify if it’s matter or not
by putting a check (
) on its corresponding column. Answer the
questions that follow.
SAMPLES
MATTER
A.
6
NON-MATTER
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
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QUESTIONS:
1.Do you consider all samples as matter?
2.Which of the pictures are considered matter? Why?
3.Which of the pictures are not considered matter? Why?
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass while non-matter
doesn’t have. They are classified based on their properties. Now that you
know how to differentiate them with non-matter, you are now ready to
identify the states of matter.
Let’s proceed!
Let Us Practice More
Activity 2.1 “Fill Me Out! “
Direction: Fill in the idea wheel graphic organizer by choosing the
appropriate properties of each state of matter found within the word boxes
below.
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Activity 2.2 “Describe Me!”
Read the following passages and be able to answer the questions that follow.
WHAT IS A SOLID ?
A solid has a definite shape and volume . It can be
hard or soft , smooth or rough. A solid can come in all sizes. A solid can
be large like the statue of Jose Rizal or can be small like a marble. It can
be very tiny like a bread crumb or as big as a mountain and everything in
between. If small enough , solids can be held in a person’s hand and they
are difficult to compress or push or change shape. The particles of a solid
are compact , close together and nearly impossible to move through.
WHAT IS A LIQUID?
A liquid takes the shape of the container it is held in. It will fill the
bottom of the said container. Liquids usually have a smooth surface but
do not have specific size. A person may be able to hold a small amount of
liquid in their hand but it cannot be held just like a solid. Liquids are
difficult to compress or push. It is much easier to move through a liquid
than a solid. The particles of a liquid are spread out more than a solid but
lesser than a gas.
WHAT IS A GAS?
A gas has no shape but it can fill the entire container with any size
or shape as the particles move. A gas cannot be felt in the hands like a
solid or liquid. It has neither surface nor particular size. It cannot be held
in a person’s hands and is easy to push or compress. A gas is the easiest
to move through versus a solid or liquid. The particles in a gas are more
spread out and move all the time in different directions.
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QUESTIONS:
1.How did the passage describe solid? liquid? gas?
a. Solid: ____________________________________________________________
b. Liquid: ___________________________________________________________
c. Gas: ______________________________________________________________
2.Give 3 examples of things around us for each state of matter.
a. Solid: 1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. _____________
b. Liquid:1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. _____________
c. Gas: 1. ____________________3. ___________________ 3. _____________
3.How are the particles arranged in each of the following states of matter?
a. Solid: ____________________________________________________________
b. Liquid: ___________________________________________________________
c. Gas: _____________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubrics:
15: Answers are complete with no misconception.
10: Answers are incomplete with minor misconception.
0: There’s no answer shown.
The states of matter are identified based on their properties. Now that you
knew already how to classify them, are you all set to enumerate the
concepts that you have learned?
Let’s continue!
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Let Us Remember
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter is distinguished from non-matter based on their
properties.
Any abstract concept like music, time, sound, thoughts,
gravity, microwaves and information and type of energy like
heat is considered non- matter. They don’t have mass nor
occupy space.
There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
Solid retains its shape and has fixed volume. It has the
strongest attractive force because its particles are tightly
packed hence they vibrate only.
Liquid takes the shape of its container and has definite
volume. Its particles are far from each other and can slide past
with one another.
Gas has no definite shape nor definite volume. It has the
weakest attractive force. Its particles are very far from each
other and move freely in different directions. It can be
compressed due to the larger distances between the particles.
Let Us Assess
Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.
1.
Which of the following is mismatched?
A. heat: gas
C. water: liquid
B. pencil: solid
D. smoke: gas
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2.
3.
Which of the following represents the solid state of matter?
A. Balloon; Oxygen gas ; Smoke
B.
Block of wood; Marble; Stock of Gold
C.
A glass of milk; Dishwashing liquid; Flowing water
D.
Heat; Stone; Energy Drink
Which of the following statements best describes the particles of liquid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
other.
particles are very far from each other.
particles are packed tightly together.
particles move at random directions very quickly.
particles are close together but can slide past with each
4.
Which state of matter has a very large distance between particles and
has negligible attractive force?
A. Solid
C. Gas
B. Liquid
D. Plasma
5.
Which of the following statements best describes matter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Matter occupies space and has mass.
Matter is classified according to its shape only.
All matter has mass but no fixed volume.
Some form of matter has immeasurable mass.
6.
Which of the following states of matter has the strongest attractive
force?
A. Solid
C. Gas
B. Liquid
D. Plasma
7.
Why are gas particles compressible?
A. It’s because gas particles are close together but can slide past each
other.
B. It’s because gas particles are very far from each other.
C. It’s because gas particles are packed tightly together.
D. It’s because gas particles maintain its fixed volume.
8.
Which of the following statements best describes solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The particles of solid are very far from each other.
The particles of solid can move past one another.
The particles of solid are tightly packed together
The particles of solid are easy to compress because of the spaces
in between.
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9.
One of the properties of matter is mass.
A. Mass is the amount of matter C.
an object contains.
B. Mass is the amount of space D.
occupied by an object.
How would you describe it?
Mass cannot be measured in
some states of matter.
Mass is always indefinite in
all states of matter.
10. Which of the following does not possess the properties of matter?
A. crayons
C. light
B.
Pure liquid soap
D.
smoke
11. What is the difference between solid and liquid based on molecular
arrangement?
A. Solid particles loosely bonded C. Solid particles are free to
and flowing while liquid
move in all directions while
particles are free to move in all
liquid particles are tightly
directions.
packed.
B. Solid particles are tightly D. Solid particles loosely bonded
packed while liquid particles
and flowing while liquid
are
loosely
bonded
and
particles are free to move in
flowing.
all directions.
12. One of the properties of matter is volume. It is best described by which
of the following statements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume
is the amount of matter an object contains.
is the amount of space occupied by matter.
is the measured mass of an object.
of matter cannot be determined at all times.
13. Which among the states of matter takes the shape of a container and
has a fixed volume filling up the bottom content of the said container.
A. Gas
B. Solid
C. Plasma
D. Liquid
14. Which of the following statements would best distinguish matter from
non -matter?
A. Matter has definite shape only C. Matter has mass only while
while non matter has definite
non matter has both mass
volume.
and volume.
B. Matter occupies space and has D. Matter has immeasurable
mass while non matter does
volume while the mass of
not have.
non-matter
can
be
determined.
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15. Which of the following states of matter has no definite shape but it has
a definite volume ?
A. Solid
C. Liquid
B. Gas
D. Plasma
So, how was the assessment? Are you still ok? Were you able to answer the
questions correctly? I am greatly hoping that you find it easy. In our next
activity you will still apply the concepts that you have learned to accomplish
the given task.
Let’s find out!
Let Us Enhance
This time your reading ability and comprehension will be tested. As you are
about to begin the journey to the different properties of each type of matter,
I want you to fasten your seatbelts, take a deep breath and relax. Feel the
moment of silence and concentrate to become a young poet.
Activity 3: Let Us Read!
Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.
WHO AM I?
(By: Eligia R. Romares)
I
I am felt and held within
Very tight and can vibrate
So close that I cannot escape
My rigidity and steady position
Made me strongest of them all
Maintaining my shape
Fixed my volume on the wall.
II
I am free as a bird
Moving anywhere as I like
Enjoying the farthest distance that I travelled
Through the walls I collided
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With anybody
Which made my attraction very weak
With somebody.
III
I am less difficult to compress
Attracted to change position to avoid stress
As I flow through the bottom of my container
My force of attraction is getting stronger
Taking its shape make me happy
A fixed volume completes me.
IV
I cannot be felt in bare human hands
No surface nor specific size would describe me
My invisibility made me peculiar
Thus, I am very quick to take the first move
And reach the highest peak which I would prove
To be the champion of easy compression
Providing the breath of the whole nation.
V
I am so fixed everyday
Incompressible in my own little way
Though transfer in position
I am completely restricted
Yet I emerged to be the strongest
In my sweet serious quest
To retain my shape and volume is the best .
VI
Shapeless as it can be! yet stronger attraction
Than someone there maybe
My agility made me slide past through
But what would life be without you?
Can you give me a clue?
Of quenching up my thirst
That would indeed make me glow.
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QUESTIONS:
1. Which stanza/s of the poem describes gaseous state of matter?
2. What are the properties of gas mentioned in your answer in number 1.
3. Which stanza/s of the poem describe the liquid state of matter?
4. Enumerate the properties of liquid mentioned in your answer in
number 3.
5. Which stanza /s of the poem describes a solid state of matter?
6. Name some of the properties of solid mentioned in your answer in
number 5.
Let Us Reflect
Matter is life. What do we need to live our life longer on earth? Our
survival depends on our basic needs like food, clothing and shelter. These
are mostly consumed and used in solid state of matter. We cannot exist
without water and other forms of liquid state of matter. All living organisms
sustain life through the oxygen gas that we breathe. Other natural gases
have their specific role to perform which are necessary in the continuity of
life cycle. As a young, little scientist you can contribute to preserve
all states of matter in our environment. Let us help one another to
survive through the proper and wise use of matter in our daily lives.
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17
Activity 3 “Let Us Read”
The different properties of solid mentioned in these stanzas are the following: tightly
packed; vibrate only; rigid; has strongest attraction; maintains shape and has a fixed
volume; incompressible
6.
Stanzas I and V (Solid State Of Matter)
5.
The properties of liquid mentioned in these stanzas are the following: Less difficult to
compress; can change position; takes the shape of the container; has a fixed volume.
4.
Stanzas III and VI (Liquid State Of Matter)
3.
The properties of gas mentioned in these stanzas are the following: Gases are free to move
anywhere; It has the farthest distance with each other; it has weak attraction; They are
easily compressed; provides sustainability of life through the gas that we breath.
2.
Stanzas II and IV (Gaseous State of Matter)
1.
Activity 1 “Am I Matter or
Not?
1. No.
2. Pictures A, B, C and E are
considered matter. It’s because
they have mass and all of them
occupy space.
3. Pictures D and F are not
considered matter. Both of them
do not occupy space and do not
have volume. Heat (D) is an
energy in transit while music (F)
is an abstract concept hence not
considered matter.
Let Us Assess
Let Us Assess
5.A
15. C
10.C
4.C
14. B
9.A
3.D
13. D
8.C
2. B
12. B
7.B
1. A
11. B
6.A
Let Us Try
D
B
A
D
C
Answer Key
References
Books
Josefina Ma. Ferriols- Pavico, et al. 2013. Exploring Life Through Science.
Chapter 1 “What’s The Matter? “ 4-7.Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House.
Marcelita C. Magno, et al. 1991. “Unit II Properties Of Matter”.Chemistry. 3031.Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House.
Marites D. Aquino, et al. 2013. Chapter 1 “ Particulate Nature Of Matter “.
Science Links.5-12.Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Printing Company.
Pia C. Campo, et al. 2013. Unit 3 Module 1 Matter. "Science Grade 8
Learner's Material. " .171-173.
Websites:
2016. ""Matter,Mass & Volume." ." Study.com.September 21,2016.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/matter-mass-volume.html.
Britannica, The Editors of Encylopedia. 1998. Solid: Quick Facts. July 20.
Accessed January 11, 2021. www.britannica.com.
Gaur, Aakanksha. 2017. Easy Science for Kids - Solid, Liquid and Gas facts
for kids. January 27. Accessed January 6, 2021.
http://www.britannica.com.
Good, Greg. 2012. Good Science:Density of Solids,Liquids and Gases.
Accessed January 9, 2021. http://www.goodscience.com.au.
Goyal, Shikha. 2016. Thermal Expansion of Solids, Liquids and Gases. March
23. Accessed January 9, 2021. http://www.m.jagranjosh.com.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Examples of Things That Are Not Matter. ".
ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/examples-of-things-not-matter608349(accessed January 8,2021).
Lotha, Gloria. 2019. Florida State University Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry. March 12. Accessed January 8, 2021.
http://www.britannica.com.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Davao City Division
E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City
Telephone: (082) 227 4762
Email Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph