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Solution
Manual
G12 Christian Religious
Education (2046) 2020
Zambian Online Education Company
Religious Education (2046) 2020 Answers
SECTION A
1.
(a) The story of Joseph and Mary's flight to Egypt and their return to Nazareth is found in the
Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 2:13-23). After the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, an angel
appeared to Joseph in a dream, warning him of King Herod's intention to kill the child. In
response to this divine warning, Joseph took Mary and Jesus and fled to Egypt in order to
escape Herod's wrath.
They stayed in Egypt until Herod died, fulfilling the words of the prophet Hosea: "Out of Egypt
I called my son" (Hosea 11:1). When Herod died, an angel appeared to Joseph in a dream again,
instructing him to return to the land of Israel with Mary and Jesus. Joseph obeyed the angel's
command and settled in the town of Nazareth in Galilee, fulfilling another prophecy that Jesus
would be called a Nazarene.
(b) The incident of Joseph and Mary's flight to Egypt and their return to Nazareth fulfilled Old
Testament prophecies in two ways:
1. The prophecy of Hosea: The words of the prophet Hosea, "Out of Egypt I called my son,"
were fulfilled when Joseph, Mary, and Jesus fled to Egypt. This prophecy, originally referring
to the nation of Israel, found its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus, who was the true Son of God.
2. The fulfillment of being called a Nazarene: The return to Nazareth fulfilled the prophecy
that Jesus would be called a Nazarene. While this specific prophecy is not found in the Old
Testament, it signifies that Jesus was identified with the town of Nazareth and that his
upbringing in Nazareth was part of God's plan and purpose.
(c)
(i) Advice for Peter on responding to God's direction:
1. Seek a personal relationship with God: Encourage Peter to deepen his relationship with God
through prayer, reading Scripture, and seeking spiritual guidance. By nurturing his relationship
with God, Peter can develop a greater sensitivity to God's voice and direction.
2. Surrender and obedience: Emphasize the importance of surrendering one's will to God and
being obedient to His leading. Encourage Peter to trust in God's wisdom and guidance, even
when it may be difficult or contrary to his own desires. Obedience to God's direction often
leads to blessings and a sense of purpose.
3. Discernment and discerning God's voice: Teach Peter the importance of discerning God's
voice amidst the many competing voices and influences in his life. Encourage him to cultivate
a discerning spirit through studying God's Word, seeking wisdom from mature believers, and
relying on the Holy Spirit's guidance.
(ii) People in modern Zambian society respond to God's direction in various ways, but three
common approaches are:
1. Prayer and seeking guidance: Many individuals in Zambia turn to prayer as a means of
seeking God's direction. They pray for guidance in making decisions, seek wisdom from
spiritual leaders, and trust that God will reveal His will through prayer.
2. Seeking counsel from religious leaders: People often consult religious leaders, such as
pastors or elders, for guidance and advice when faced with important decisions or life choices.
They believe that these leaders have a deeper understanding of God's Word and can offer
insights into God's direction.
3. Reliance on personal convictions and intuition: Some individuals in Zambia trust their
personal convictions and intuition as indicators of God's direction. They believe that God
speaks to them through their inner sense of what is right or wrong, and they make decisions
based on their conscience and moral compass.
(d) Differences in beliefs between Christianity and Islam regarding how God directs human
lives:
1. Christianity: In Christianity, God's direction in human lives is believed to come primarily
through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. Christians believe that God speaks to them through
the Holy Spirit, guiding their decisions, providing wisdom, and convicting them of sin. They
seek personal relationship and communion with God to discern His will.
2. Islam: In Islam, God's direction in human lives is often understood through adherence to the
teachings of the Quran and the Hadith (sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad).
Muslims believe that God's guidance is primarily conveyed through His revealed texts and the
example set by the Prophet Muhammad. They follow the teachings of the Quran and Hadith to
discern and obey God's will.
While both religions emphasize the importance of seeking God's direction, the specific means
through which God's guidance is understood and received differ between Christianity and
Islam.
2.
(a) The imprisonment and death of John the Baptist is recorded in the New Testament of the
Bible, specifically in the Gospels of Matthew (Matthew 14:1-12) and Mark (Mark 6:14-29).
John the Baptist was a prophet and a forerunner of Jesus Christ. He boldly preached repentance
and baptized people in the Jordan River.
John the Baptist was imprisoned by Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee and Perea, because he
publicly criticized Herod's marriage to Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip. Herodias held
a grudge against John and wanted him dead. However, Herod was afraid to kill him due to the
popular support John had among the people.
During a banquet, Herod's stepdaughter danced for him, pleasing him greatly. As a reward,
Herod promised to grant her any request. Prompted by her mother, she asked for the head of
John the Baptist on a platter. Though deeply saddened, Herod could not go back on his promise
in front of his guests. Thus, he ordered the execution of John the Baptist.
John the Baptist was beheaded in prison, and his head was brought on a platter and given to
the young woman, who then presented it to her mother. John's disciples took his body and
buried it, and his death was mourned by many.
(b) The purpose of John the Baptist's life and ministry can be summarized in two points:
1. Preparation for the coming of Jesus: John the Baptist's mission was to prepare the way for
the coming of Jesus Christ. He proclaimed the arrival of the Messiah, calling people to
repentance and baptism as a symbol of their readiness to receive the promised Savior. John
prepared the hearts of the people to recognize and accept Jesus when He began His public
ministry.
2. Proclamation of righteousness and judgment: John the Baptist preached about the need for
righteousness and warned of God's judgment. He called people to live moral and upright lives,
to turn away from sin, and to bear fruit in keeping with repentance. His message emphasized
the importance of living in alignment with God's will and being prepared for the coming
judgment.
(c)
(i) John the Baptist prepared people before the coming of Jesus Christ by:
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Preaching repentance: John called people to acknowledge their sins, turn away from
them, and change their ways. He baptized them as a symbol of their repentance and
readiness to receive the Messiah.
Pointing to Jesus: John testified that he was not the Messiah but that Jesus was the Lamb
of God who takes away the sins of the world. He directed people's attention to Jesus
and urged them to follow Him.
(ii) "Right behavior" as taught by John the Baptist can lead to the following values in modern
Zambian society:
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Integrity: Right behavior promotes honesty, trustworthiness, and ethical conduct, which
are essential values for building strong relationships, communities, and institutions.
Justice: Right behavior includes treating others fairly, standing up against injustice, and
promoting equality and fairness in society.
- Respect: Right behavior involves showing respect for oneself and others, embracing
diversity, and treating everyone with dignity and kindness.
(d) Two ways in which the main message of Christianity is similar to that of Zambian
Traditional Religion are:
-
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The belief in a higher power: Both Christianity and Zambian Traditional Religion
acknowledge the existence of a supreme being or higher power who is revered,
worshipped, and believed to have authority over human affairs.
The importance of moral values and ethical conduct: Both Christianity and Zambian
Traditional Religion emphasize the significance of moral values such as honesty,
respect, justice, and kindness. They teach that living in accordance with these values
leads to harmonious relationships and a flourishing society.
3.
(a) The story of Job in the Bible narrates how he was tested by God. Job was a righteous and
prosperous man who lived in the land of Uz. Satan challenged God, suggesting that Job's
faithfulness was only because of his abundant blessings. God allowed Satan to test Job's faith
and loyalty.
Job experienced a series of devastating trials. He lost his wealth, his livestock, his servants, and
even his children in a tragic event. Additionally, Job himself was afflicted with painful sores
all over his body. Throughout these afflictions, Job remained steadfast in his faith and did not
curse God.
(b) God allows Christians to be tested for various reasons:
1. Strengthening faith: Testing allows Christians to deepen their trust in God and rely on His
strength and guidance. Through trials, their faith can be refined and strengthened.
2. Spiritual growth: Testing provides an opportunity for Christians to grow spiritually,
developing qualities such as perseverance, patience, and resilience. It allows them to mature in
their relationship with God and become more Christ-like.
(c)
(i) In response to Paul's discouragement, based on the example of Job, here are three pieces of
advice:
1. Maintain trust in God's sovereignty: Job faced unimaginable loss and suffering, yet he
remained faithful to God. Encourage Paul to trust in God's sovereignty and believe that He has
a purpose in allowing these trials. Remind Paul that God is always in control, even in the midst
of difficult circumstances.
2. Seek comfort in community: Job's friends initially came to comfort him, but they also
questioned him. Encourage Paul to surround himself with supportive and understanding
Christian friends who can provide emotional support, prayer, and wise counsel during this
challenging time.
3. Persevere in prayer and worship: Job expressed his deep anguish and confusion to God
through prayer. Encourage Paul to pour out his heart to God, seeking His guidance, comfort,
and strength. Remind Paul of the importance of worshiping God, even in the midst of trials, as
it helps to focus on His goodness and faithfulness.
(ii) In modern Zambian society, people overcome temptation in various ways:
1. Prayer and seeking spiritual guidance: Zambians often turn to prayer, seeking guidance and
strength from God to resist temptation and make righteous choices.
2. Accountability and support systems: People establish accountability relationships with
trusted individuals who help them stay accountable to their values and provide support during
moments of temptation.
3. Moral and ethical teachings: Zambian society values moral and ethical teachings, which play
a role in guiding individuals to make virtuous choices and resist temptation.
(d) Christianity and Hinduism share two teachings regarding temptation:
1. The importance of self-control: Both Christianity and Hinduism emphasize the significance
of self-control to resist temptation. They teach that disciplining one's desires and impulses leads
to spiritual growth and moral integrity.
2. The recognition of the existence of evil forces: Both religions acknowledge the presence of
evil forces or negative influences that can tempt individuals away from virtuous paths. They
emphasize the need to be vigilant and spiritually prepared to overcome such temptations.
4.
(a) The story of Jesus feeding the five thousand is found in all four Gospels of the New
Testament. Jesus and His disciples were in a remote place, and a large crowd had gathered to
hear Him teach and seek healing. As the day grew late, the disciples suggested sending the
people away to find food. However, Jesus instructed the disciples to give the crowd something
to eat. All they had were five loaves of bread and two fish. Jesus took the loaves and fish,
blessed them, and miraculously multiplied them to feed the entire multitude. Everyone ate and
was satisfied, and there were even twelve baskets of leftovers.
(b) This incident reveals two aspects of Jesus' character:
1. Compassion and care for others: Jesus showed great compassion and concern for the physical
needs of the crowd. He was moved by their hunger and provided for them abundantly,
demonstrating His love and care for people.
2. Divine power and authority: Jesus displayed His divine power by performing a miraculous
multiplication of the loaves and fish. This event showcased His authority over nature and His
ability to provide abundantly beyond human limitations.
(c)
(i) Reasons why Jesus performed miracles:
1. To reveal His identity as the Son of God: Jesus performed miracles to authenticate His claims
of being the Messiah, the Son of God. Miracles served as signs that affirmed His divine nature
and authority.
2. To demonstrate God's love and compassion: Jesus performed miracles as acts of mercy and
compassion, bringing healing, restoration, and provision to those in need. Miracles revealed
God's love and care for humanity.
(ii) Situations regarded as miracles in modern Zambian society:
1. Physical healings: Miraculous healings from diseases, disabilities, or life-threatening
conditions that cannot be explained by natural means.
2. Deliverance from difficult circumstances: Miraculous interventions in times of extreme
danger, natural disasters, or dire situations where supernatural protection or provision is
experienced.
3. Transformation of lives: Miracles can be seen in the radical transformation of individuals
from destructive behaviors, addictions, or negative patterns of life, resulting in a complete
turnaround and a new way of living.
(d) Christian teachings on miracles differ from those of Muslims in two ways:
1. Attribution of miracles to Jesus: Christians believe that Jesus, as the Son of God, performed
miracles through His divine power. Miracles are seen as an essential aspect of Jesus' ministry,
demonstrating His unique relationship with God. In Islam, miracles are attributed to prophets,
including Jesus, but they are not considered to be a defining aspect of their nature or mission.
2. Contemporary belief in miracles: Christians generally believe that miracles continue to occur
in the present age through the power of God's Holy Spirit. They believe in the possibility of
supernatural interventions and divine acts of healing, provision, and transformation. In Islam,
while some believe in the occurrence of miracles in the past, there is less emphasis on the
ongoing manifestation of miracles in the present time.
SECTION B
5.
(a) The parable of the "Friend at Midnight" is found in the Gospel of Luke (Luke 11:5-8). Jesus
tells the story of a man who goes to his friend's house at midnight to ask for bread to serve
unexpected guests. The friend initially refuses to help because he and his family are already in
bed. However, due to the man's persistence and boldness, the friend eventually gets up and
gives him what he needs.
(b) This parable teaches Christians about prayer in two ways:
1. Persistence in prayer: The parable emphasizes the importance of persistent prayer. Just as
the man at midnight kept knocking and asking for help until he received it, Christians are
encouraged to persevere in their prayers and not give up easily. God desires His followers to
persistently seek Him and bring their requests before Him.
2. Confidence in God's provision: The parable highlights the idea that God is a gracious and
generous Father who is willing to answer His children's prayers. It teaches Christians to have
confidence in God's willingness to provide for their needs and to approach Him with boldness,
knowing that He cares for them.
(c)
(i) Three aspects of prayer in addition to worship:
1. Thanksgiving: Prayer is not only about asking God for things but also expressing gratitude
for His blessings, provisions, and faithfulness. Christians should cultivate a heart of
thanksgiving and regularly offer prayers of gratitude to God.
2. Confession: Prayer involves acknowledging and confessing one's sins and shortcomings
before God. It is an opportunity to seek forgiveness, receive cleansing, and maintain a right
relationship with Him.
3. Intercession: Prayer extends beyond personal needs and includes interceding for others.
Christians are called to pray for their families, friends, communities, leaders, and the world at
large, lifting up the needs and concerns of others before God.
(ii) Three reasons people in modern Zambian society should pray:
1. Seeking guidance: Prayer allows individuals to seek divine guidance and wisdom in making
decisions, facing challenges, and navigating life's uncertainties. It provides a means to align
one's heart and mind with God's will.
2. Finding comfort and strength: Prayer offers solace, peace, and strength in times of trials,
grief, or difficulty. It provides an avenue to cast burdens upon God, find comfort in His
presence, and experience His peace that surpasses understanding.
3. Developing a personal relationship with God: Prayer fosters a deepening relationship with
God. It is a means of communication and communion with the Divine, allowing individuals to
draw closer to Him, experience His love, and grow in spiritual intimacy.
(d) Christian and Zambian Traditional Religion differ in the manner they conduct prayers in
two ways:
1. Mediation: In Zambian Traditional Religion, prayers are often directed to ancestral spirits or
intermediaries who are believed to have direct access to the divine realm. These intermediaries
serve as mediators between the people and the spiritual realm. In Christianity, believers have
direct access to God through Jesus Christ and can pray to Him without the need for
intermediaries.
2. Content and focus: In Zambian Traditional Religion, prayers often involve supplication,
requests for blessings, protection, and favor from the ancestors or spirits. They may also include
offerings and rituals. In Christianity, while prayers may include requests, there is also an
emphasis on worship, confession, thanksgiving, and intercession. Christian prayers focus on
aligning with God's will, seeking His guidance, and growing in relationship with Him.
6.
(a) The Transfiguration of Jesus is described in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Jesus
took three of His disciples, Peter, James, and John, to a high mountain. As they were there,
Jesus' appearance was transformed, and His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became
dazzling white. Moses and Elijah, representing the Law and the Prophets, appeared and spoke
with Jesus. Overwhelmed by the experience, Peter suggested building three shelters for Jesus,
Moses, and Elijah. Then a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud
declared, "This is my Son, whom I love; with him, I am well pleased. Listen to him!" The
disciples were afraid and fell to the ground, but Jesus reassured them and told them not to be
afraid.
(b) Two reasons the disciples of Jesus found it difficult to accept the suffering and death of
Jesus were:
1. Messianic expectations: The disciples believed that Jesus was the long-awaited Messiah who
would deliver Israel from oppression and establish a glorious kingdom. They expected Him to
be a conquering King, not someone who would suffer and die. The concept of a suffering
Messiah was challenging for them to comprehend.
2. Personal attachment to Jesus: The disciples had developed a close relationship with Jesus
and had witnessed His miracles, teachings, and love for them. The idea of Jesus suffering and
dying went against their understanding of Him as the powerful and compassionate Son of God.
It was difficult for them to reconcile their personal experiences with the notion of Jesus
enduring such hardships.
(c)
(i) Three pieces of Christian advice to Ndolo on why Christians should be willing to suffer:
1. Trust in God's sovereignty: Christians are called to trust in God's ultimate control and
sovereignty over all circumstances, including unjust suffering. Ndolo should seek comfort in
the belief that God can bring good out of difficult situations and that He is working for his
ultimate good, even in the midst of injustice.
2. Identification with Christ: Christians are called to identify with Christ's sufferings and follow
His example of endurance. Ndolo should remember that Jesus Himself suffered unjustly but
remained faithful and obedient to God. By enduring suffering with faith and humility, Ndolo
can grow closer to Christ and become a witness to His transformative power.
3. Eternal perspective: Christians believe in the hope of eternal life and the promise of rewards
in the presence of God. Ndolo should keep an eternal perspective and understand that the
sufferings of this present life are temporary compared to the glory that awaits believers. His
current sufferings can be seen in light of the eternal joy that awaits him in God's presence.
(ii) Two ways people should help those experiencing suffering in modern Zambian society:
1. Showing empathy and compassion: People should extend empathy and compassion to those
experiencing suffering. This can involve actively listening to their struggles, offering emotional
support, and providing practical assistance when needed. Acts of kindness, encouragement, and
understanding can make a significant difference in someone's journey through suffering.
2. Advocacy and social support: People can help those experiencing suffering by advocating
for their rights and addressing systemic issues that contribute to their hardships. This may
involve raising awareness, providing access to resources, and working towards social justice
and equality. By standing with and supporting those in need, individuals can contribute to a
more compassionate and just society.
(d) Teachings of Christianity on suffering differ from Zambian Traditional Religion in two
ways:
1. Understanding the purpose of suffering: Christianity teaches that suffering can serve a
redemptive purpose and be part of God's plan for individuals' growth and spiritual
transformation. It emphasizes the concept of offering one's sufferings to God and finding
meaning in them. In Zambian Traditional Religion, the understanding and interpretation of
suffering may vary, and its purpose may be attributed to factors like spirits, ancestors, or
personal actions.
2. The role of prayer and divine intervention: Christianity places a strong emphasis on prayer
and seeking God's intervention in times of suffering. Christians believe in the power of prayer
to bring comfort, healing, and divine intervention. In Zambian Traditional Religion, while
prayer may also be practiced, the approach to seeking divine intervention and addressing
suffering may involve rituals, appeasement of spirits, or seeking guidance from ancestral
spirits. The understanding of divine intervention and the methods employed may differ between
the two belief systems.
7.
(a) The incident when the religious leaders planned to arrest Jesus took place during the final
days of Jesus' ministry. The religious leaders, including the Pharisees and the chief priests, were
threatened by Jesus' teachings and popularity among the people. They plotted to arrest Him and
find a way to put Him to death.
(b) Two reasons why Jesus was condemned to death were:
1. Blasphemy: Jesus claimed to be the Son of God and made statements that the religious
leaders considered blasphemous. They viewed His claims as a direct challenge to their authority
and a violation of Jewish religious laws.
2. Political threat: The religious leaders feared that Jesus' growing influence could lead to a
rebellion against Roman rule. They were concerned that if the Romans perceived Jesus as a
threat to their power and order, it could result in severe consequences for the Jewish
community.
(c)
(i) Three pieces of Christian advice to Alinaswe on how to respond to opposition:
1. Seek guidance from God: Encourage Alinaswe to seek God's guidance through prayer and
meditation on His Word. God can provide wisdom, strength, and discernment in navigating
challenging situations. Trusting in God's guidance can lead to clarity and a deeper
understanding of His purpose.
2. Embrace forgiveness and reconciliation: Remind Alinaswe of the importance of forgiveness
and reconciliation. Even in the face of opposition, Christians are called to forgive those who
wrong them and strive for reconciliation. By extending forgiveness, Alinaswe can experience
personal healing and contribute to the restoration of relationships.
3. Remain steadfast in faith: Encourage Alinaswe to remain steadfast in her faith and trust in
God's faithfulness. Opposition and challenges should not lead to a loss of faith but should
deepen one's commitment to Christ. By staying rooted in the Word of God, Alinaswe can find
strength, encouragement, and perseverance to overcome obstacles.
(ii) Three ways people in modern Zambian society should react to public criticism:
1. Reflect on the validity of the criticism: Rather than dismissing or reacting defensively to
public criticism, individuals should take a moment to reflect on the content and validity of the
criticism. Constructive feedback can offer valuable insights for personal growth and
improvement.
2. Respond with humility and grace: Instead of responding with anger or defensiveness, it is
important to approach public criticism with humility and grace. This involves listening
attentively, acknowledging any mistakes or shortcomings, and responding in a respectful and
constructive manner.
3. Learn from the experience: Viewing public criticism as an opportunity for growth and
learning can help individuals develop resilience and self-improvement. It can be a chance to
evaluate one's actions, beliefs, and attitudes, and make necessary adjustments for personal and
professional development.
(d) Three different ways Christians and Muslims may react to opposition:
1. Turning the other cheek: In line with Jesus' teachings, Christians often emphasize responding
to opposition with love, forgiveness, and non-violence. They may strive to maintain peace, seek
reconciliation, and extend grace even when faced with opposition.
2. Advocacy and dialogue: Christians may engage in advocacy and dialogue as a response to
opposition. They may seek to address issues through peaceful means, promote justice, and
foster understanding between different parties. Dialogue is seen as a way to bridge gaps and
find common ground.
3. Seeking refuge in prayer: Christians often turn to prayer for guidance, strength, and solace
in the face of opposition. They may seek divine intervention and trust in God's sovereignty
over the situation.
Muslims, on the other hand, may approach opposition differently, and their responses may vary
depending on cultural practices and individual beliefs. Some possible ways Muslims may react
to opposition include:
1. Defending the faith: Muslims may actively defend their faith and beliefs when faced with
opposition or criticism. They may engage in debates, provide explanations, or seek to clarify
misconceptions about Islam.
2. Seeking community support: Muslims may turn to their community for support and
solidarity in times of opposition. The community provides a sense of belonging and can offer
guidance and encouragement.
3. Emphasizing the importance of unity: Muslims may stress the importance of unity among
fellow Muslims when faced with opposition. They may rally together to protect their faith,
values, and community, and work towards preserving their identity in the face of challenges.
8.
(a) The story of the women at the tomb of Jesus takes place after His crucifixion. On the Sunday
morning following His death, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome went
to the tomb where Jesus had been laid. As they arrived, they noticed that the large stone
covering the entrance had been rolled away. Inside the tomb, they saw a young man dressed in
a white robe, who informed them that Jesus had risen from the dead. The women were
astonished and filled with both fear and great joy.
(b) Two things the disciples learned about Jesus from this incident were:
1. Jesus' resurrection affirmed His divinity: The disciples witnessed the fulfillment of Jesus'
promise to rise from the dead, demonstrating His power over death and validating His claims
to be the Son of God. They realized that Jesus was not merely a human teacher but the Messiah
with divine authority.
2. Jesus' resurrection gave hope for eternal life: The resurrection of Jesus provided assurance
that there is life after death. The disciples understood that death is not the end but a doorway
to eternal life, and through Jesus, they could have forgiveness of sins and the hope of
resurrection and eternal fellowship with God.
(c)
(i) As a leader of the School Scripture Union, explaining the importance of the resurrection of
Jesus to Christians:
1. Victory over sin and death: The resurrection of Jesus is the central event that secures
salvation for Christians. It demonstrates God's victory over sin and death, offering forgiveness
and eternal life to all who believe in Him. It gives Christians hope and assurance of their own
resurrection and the promise of eternal fellowship with God.
2. Confirmation of Jesus' identity and teachings: The resurrection affirms that Jesus is the Son
of God and validates His teachings. It provides evidence of His divinity and confirms His
authority as the Savior and Lord. Christians can trust in His words and follow His teachings
with confidence.
3. Empowerment through the Holy Spirit: The resurrection of Jesus paved the way for the
coming of the Holy Spirit, who empowers believers. Through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit,
Christians receive guidance, comfort, and spiritual gifts to live out their faith and serve God
effectively.
(ii) Beliefs about life after death in modern Zambian society:
1. Ancestral spirits: Many people in Zambia believe in the continued existence of ancestral
spirits after death. They believe that ancestors play a role in the lives of their descendants and
can influence their well-being.
2. Reincarnation: Some individuals hold beliefs in reincarnation, the idea that after death, the
soul is reborn into a new body. They believe in a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, with the
opportunity for spiritual growth and learning in each life.
3. Judgment and afterlife destinations: There is a belief in divine judgment after death, where
individuals are rewarded or punished based on their actions during their lifetime. The concept
of heaven and hell is present, with the righteous being rewarded with eternal bliss and the
wicked facing eternal punishment.
(d) Two ways in which the belief of Christians about the resurrection is similar to that of
Hindus:
1. Belief in life after death: Both Christians and Hindus believe in the existence of life after
death. They hold the conviction that the soul continues to exist beyond physical death, although
their understanding of the specifics may differ.
2. Spiritual transformation: Both Christianity and Hinduism emphasize the transformative
nature of resurrection or rebirth. In Christianity, the resurrection of Jesus brings spiritual
transformation and the opportunity for believers to be born again in the Spirit. Similarly,
Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, with each life offering opportunities for
spiritual growth and advancement towards liberation or union with the divine.
SECTION C:
9.
(a) The incident where Peter had a vision of a sheet containing unclean animals occurred in the
city of Joppa. Peter went up to the roof to pray and became hungry. While he waited for food
to be prepared, he fell into a trance and saw heaven opened. In his vision, he saw a large sheet
being let down to earth by its four corners, containing all kinds of four-footed animals, reptiles,
and birds. A voice told him to kill and eat, but Peter, being a devout Jew, refused because the
animals were considered unclean according to Jewish dietary laws. The voice spoke to him
again, saying, "Do not call anything impure that God has made clean." This vision happened
three times, and then the sheet was taken back up to heaven.
(b) Some early Christians initially opposed the inclusion of non-Jews in the Church for the
following reasons:
1. Cultural and religious barriers: The early Jewish Christians were accustomed to following
Jewish customs and laws, including dietary restrictions and circumcision. They saw themselves
as the chosen people of God and found it difficult to accept non-Jews who did not adhere to
these practices. The idea of including Gentiles in the Church challenged their cultural and
religious identity.
2. The exclusivity of Judaism: Judaism had historically been an exclusive religion, with strict
requirements for membership and limited interaction with Gentiles. The idea of Gentiles being
equal members of the Church, without having to convert to Judaism, was a radical departure
from their understanding of religious exclusivity.
(c)
(i) Christian advice on the inclusion of every Christian in God's work for the members who
reject Kanchule:
1. Embrace forgiveness and redemption: As Christians, it is important to recognize that
everyone has the potential for redemption and transformation through God's grace. Kanchule's
past should not define him, but rather his commitment to living a changed life in Christ.
Forgiveness and acceptance should be extended to him.
2. Focus on God's call and purpose: Instead of dwelling on Kanchule's past mistakes, the
members should focus on God's call and purpose for Kanchule's life. If he has been appointed
as Church Secretary, it is because the church leadership believes he can contribute positively
to the ministry. They should trust in God's leading and give him the opportunity to serve.
3. Display the love of Christ: Christians are called to love one another unconditionally, without
discrimination or prejudice. It is important for the members to demonstrate the love of Christ
by accepting and supporting Kanchule, showing him grace and compassion, and helping him
grow in his faith and service to the church.
(ii) Some positive attitudes of people in modern Zambian society towards people of different
races and cultures:
1. Respect for diversity: Many Zambians embrace and value the diversity of races and cultures
within their society. They recognize that diversity enriches the fabric of their nation and fosters
mutual understanding and appreciation.
2. Cultural exchange and learning: Zambians often engage in cultural exchange activities, such
as festivals, workshops, and celebrations, where people from different races and cultures come
together to share their traditions, food, music, and dances. This promotes cultural
understanding, learning, and unity.
3. Interethnic marriages and friendships: Increasingly, Zambians are forming relationships,
friendships, and even marriages across different ethnic and racial lines. This demonstrates a
willingness to embrace and accept individuals from diverse backgrounds and fosters social
integration.
(d) Two ways in which the attitudes of Christians to people of different languages, races, or
colors are similar to that of Zambian Traditionalists:
1. Emphasis on community and unity: Both Christians and traditionalists value community and
unity. They recognize the importance of collective identity, respect for elders, and maintaining
harmonious relationships within their respective communities. Both strive to create a sense of
belonging and togetherness among their members.
2. Appreciation for ancestral heritage: Christians and traditionalists share a reverence for their
ancestral heritage and cultural practices. They acknowledge the significance of preserving and
honoring the traditions, rituals, and customs passed down through generations. This
appreciation for ancestral heritage contributes to a sense of cultural pride and identity.
10.
(a) In the early church, a problem arose between the Hebrew and Greek-speaking Jewish
widows regarding the distribution of food and assistance. The Greek-speaking widows felt that
their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food compared to the Hebrew
widows.
(b) The characteristics of the seven Greek-speaking Jews chosen to address the problem were:
1. Good reputation: The individuals chosen were known for their good reputation within the
community. They were respected and trusted by both the Hebrew and Greek-speaking Jews,
which helped to ensure impartiality and fairness in resolving the issue.
2. Wisdom and Spirituality: The chosen individuals were known for their wisdom and spiritual
maturity. They were filled with the Holy Spirit and had a deep understanding of the teachings
of Christ. This enabled them to approach the problem with wisdom, discernment, and a focus
on the principles of justice and equality.
(c)
(i) Three pieces of Christian advice to resolve the problem of the old members refusing to work
with the new members in Munzo Political Party:
1. Emphasize unity and love: Remind the members that as Christians, they are called to unity
and love for one another. Encourage them to put aside personal differences and grievances,
focusing instead on the common goals and values they share as a political party. Emphasize the
importance of forgiveness, reconciliation, and working together as a united front.
2. Foster open communication and understanding: Encourage the leader to facilitate open and
honest communication among the members. Provide a platform for dialogue where everyone's
opinions and concerns can be heard and addressed. By promoting understanding and empathy,
the leader can help bridge the gap between the old and new members and foster a sense of
belonging and inclusivity.
3. Lead by example: As a Christian leader, set a positive example by demonstrating humility,
respect, and cooperation. Show willingness to listen and consider different perspectives.
Encourage the members to follow the principles of servant leadership, putting the interests of
the party and the community above personal interests. By exhibiting these qualities, the leader
can inspire others to do the same and contribute to the resolution of the problem.
(ii) Ways people in modern Zambian society can maintain peace with each other:
1. Respect for diversity: Recognize and appreciate the diversity of Zambian society, including
different ethnicities, cultures, and beliefs. Foster an atmosphere of tolerance and acceptance,
where differences are respected and celebrated. Encourage dialogue and understanding
between different groups, promoting peaceful coexistence.
2. Conflict resolution through dialogue: Encourage peaceful conflict resolution by promoting
dialogue and negotiation. Encourage individuals to listen to each other, seek common ground,
and find mutually beneficial solutions. Promote mediation and reconciliation processes when
conflicts arise, involving impartial third parties to facilitate peaceful resolution.
3. Promote social justice and equality: Address social and economic inequalities that can
contribute to tensions and conflicts. Advocate for policies and practices that promote fairness,
justice, and equal opportunities for all members of society. Work towards addressing systemic
issues that can lead to social unrest and work towards a more inclusive and equitable society.
(d) Two ways Christian teachings on resolving differences in the community are different from
those of Zambian Traditional Religion:
1. Emphasis on forgiveness and reconciliation: Christian teachings place a strong emphasis on
forgiveness and reconciliation as essential for resolving differences. Christians are called to
forgive one another, seek reconciliation, and work towards healing broken relationships. This
emphasis on forgiveness goes beyond resolving conflicts to fostering long-term reconciliation
and restoration.
2. Love and selflessness: Christian teachings emphasize the importance of love and selflessness
in resolving differences. Christians are encouraged to prioritize the well-being and interests of
others above their own. This selfless love seeks the good of the community and promotes unity,
even in the face of disagreements. Zambian Traditional Religion may have its own approaches
to conflict resolution, but the specific emphasis on love and selflessness is distinctively
Christian.
11.
(a) The parable of the workers in the vineyard is a story told by Jesus. In the parable, a
landowner goes out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. He agrees to pay
them a denarius for their day's work. Throughout the day, the landowner goes out multiple
times and hires more workers, promising to pay them what is right. Even in the last hour, he
hires more workers. At the end of the day, the landowner pays all the workers, starting from
the last hired to the first. Surprisingly, he pays each of them a denarius, regardless of the hours
they worked. This causes those who worked the longest to grumble, but the landowner reminds
them that they agreed on a fair wage and it was his prerogative to be generous to others.
(b) Two points that Christians can learn from this parable are:
1. God's grace and generosity: The parable highlights God's abundant grace and generosity. It
reminds Christians that God's love and blessings are not based on human merit or effort but are
freely given. It challenges believers to avoid comparing themselves to others and instead
appreciate the graciousness of God's love and blessings.
2. Equality and fairness: The parable teaches Christians about the importance of treating others
with fairness and equality. It emphasizes that all individuals, regardless of their circumstances
or abilities, have equal worth and value in God's eyes. Christians are encouraged to embrace a
spirit of fairness and equality in their interactions with others.
(c)
(i) Bible reasons for work:
1. Fulfilling God-given purpose: Work is not just about earning a living; it is a means to fulfill
the purpose that God has given each individual. Through work, people can use their talents,
skills, and abilities to contribute to the well-being of society and bring glory to God.
2. Providing for oneself and others: Work allows individuals to provide for their own needs and
the needs of their families. It is a way of taking responsibility and being good stewards of the
resources God has entrusted to them. By working diligently, Christians can demonstrate good
character and integrity.
3. Serving others: Work can be seen as an opportunity to serve and bless others. It provides a
platform to show love, compassion, and kindness to coworkers, customers, and clients.
Christians can view their work as a way to be a light in the world and reflect the character of
Christ.
(ii) Ways people in modern Zambian society show respect for manual workers:
1. Fair wages and labor rights: Respecting manual workers includes ensuring they receive fair
wages for their labor and are treated with dignity. It involves advocating for labor rights, fair
employment practices, and safe working conditions.
2. Recognition and appreciation: Showing respect for manual workers involves recognizing
and appreciating their contributions. This can be done through words of gratitude, public
recognition of their skills and efforts, and creating a positive work environment that values
their work.
3. Providing opportunities for growth and development: Respecting manual workers includes
providing opportunities for skills development, training, and career advancement. It involves
investing in their professional growth and creating pathways for them to improve their skills
and livelihoods.
(d) Two ways in which the teachings of Christians on their attitudes towards work are similar
to those of Zambian Traditional Religion:
1. Work as a means of contributing to the community: Both Christianity and Zambian
Traditional Religion emphasize the importance of work as a means of contributing to the wellbeing of the community. They teach that work is not solely for personal gain but also for the
benefit of society.
2. Honoring God through work: Both belief systems emphasize the idea of honoring and
glorifying God through one's work. They encourage individuals to work diligently and with
integrity, recognizing that their work is ultimately an act of worship and service to God.
12.
(a) In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught about adultery. He emphasized that it is not only
the physical act of adultery that is sinful but also the thoughts and desires that lead to it. Jesus
emphasized the importance of purity of heart and faithfulness in relationships.
(b) Two reasons why Christians should flee from sexual immorality:
1. Honoring God's design for relationships: Christians are called to honor and respect God's
design for sexuality and relationships. Sexual immorality goes against God's intended purpose
for human sexuality, which is to be expressed within the bounds of marriage. By fleeing from
sexual immorality, Christians honor and uphold God's standards.
2. Protecting personal well-being and relationships: Sexual immorality can have severe
consequences, both personally and in relationships. It can lead to broken trust, emotional pain,
and damage to individuals and families. By fleeing from sexual immorality, Christians seek to
protect themselves and their relationships from these harmful effects.
(c)
(i) Christian advice to Mrs. Sipalo on Christian teaching on divorce:
1. Seek reconciliation and forgiveness: Encourage Mrs. Sipalo to seek reconciliation with her
husband and to explore avenues for forgiveness and healing. Divorce should be seen as a last
resort after exhausting all efforts to reconcile and restore the marriage.
2. Seek counseling and support: Recommend Mrs. Sipalo to seek professional counseling or
pastoral guidance to navigate the challenges in her marriage. Counseling can help her
understand the underlying issues and provide guidance on how to work towards resolution and
restoration.
3. Consider the well-being of children and family: Urge Mrs. Sipalo to consider the impact of
divorce on her children and the wider family. Divorce can have long-lasting effects on children
and disrupt family dynamics. Encourage her to explore ways to prioritize the well-being and
stability of her children.
(ii) Positive reactions of people in modern Zambian society towards those who offend them:
1. Practice forgiveness: Encourage individuals to practice forgiveness towards those who
offend them. Forgiveness promotes healing and reconciliation and prevents the cycle of
bitterness and resentment.
2. Seek reconciliation and mediation: Encourage individuals to engage in open dialogue and
seek reconciliation with those who have offended them. Mediation or involving a neutral third
party can help facilitate productive conversations and find common ground.
3. Embrace a restorative justice approach: Advocate for a restorative justice approach that
focuses on repairing the harm caused by offenses. This approach emphasizes healing,
restitution, and the rehabilitation of offenders, rather than solely punitive measures.
(d) Ways in which the teaching of Christians on adultery differs from that of Zambian
Traditional Religion:
1. Monogamy and faithfulness: Christian teachings emphasize the importance of monogamy
and faithfulness in marriage. Adultery is seen as a violation of the marriage covenant and a
betrayal of trust. In contrast, Zambian Traditional Religion may have different practices and
beliefs regarding marriage and may not prioritize monogamy or view adultery in the same way.
2. Repentance and forgiveness: Christian teachings emphasize the possibility of repentance and
forgiveness for those who have committed adultery. The focus is on seeking forgiveness,
reconciling with the offended party, and experiencing personal transformation. Zambian
Traditional Religion may have its own rituals or practices related to adultery but may not place
the same emphasis on repentance and forgiveness as Christianity does.