Exam 1 Study Guide
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Anatomical position
Positional Terms:
o Medial & Lateral
o Anterior (ventral) & Posterior (dorsal)
o Proximal & Distal
o Superior (cephalad) & Inferior (caudal)
o Superficial & Deep
Types of Motion
o Linear
 Reticular
 Curvilinear
o Angular
Planes of the body
o Sagittal
o Frontal (coronal)
o Transverse (horizontal)
Joint Motions- definition
o Flexion
o Extension
o Hyperextension
o Abduction
o Adduction
o Circumduction
Skeletal System
o Purpose
o 2 types:
 Axial
 Appendicular
o Composition of bone
o Types of bone
 Compact
 Cancellous
o Structure of bone
 Diaphysis
 Metaphysis
 Epiphysis
 Medullary canal
 Endosteum
 Epiphyseal plate
 Periosteum
o Types of bone
 Short
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 Flat
 Irregular
 Long
 Sesamoid
o Articular System
 Stability vs. Mobility
 Types of joints
 Synarthrodial
 Amphiarthrodial
 Diarthrodial (synovial)
 Joint Structure
 Ligaments
 Tendons
 Cartilage
o Hyaline
o Fibrocartilage
o Elastic
 Bursa
Muscles
o Origin
o Insertion
o Muscle characteristics:
 Irritability
 Contractibility
 Extensibility
 Elasticity
o Tension
o Levers:
 1st class
 2nd class
 3rd class
o Muscle contractions:
 Isometric
 Isotonic
 Concentric
 Eccentric
 Isokinetic
o Roles of muscles
 Agonist
 Antagonist
 Co-contraction
 Stabilizer
 Neutralizer
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o Active Insufficiency
o Passive Insufficiency
Range of Motion and Goniometry
o Disorders with decreased ROM
o ROM Facts
o Definitions/abbreviations:
 ROM
 PROM
 AROM
o Why measure ROM?
o End feel
 Hard
 Soft
 Firm
o Precautions & Contraindications for ROM
o Specific Procedures for measuring ROM
o How to palpate for bony landmarks- which fingers do you use?
o ROM is measured using a _______________.
 Axis
 Stationary bar
 Moveable bar
o Recording measurements
 What degree system do we use?
 Normal joint motion starts at_______.
 ROM Limits
Muscle Testing
o Disorders with primary symptom of muscle weakness
o Disabilities with strength loss due to mobility
o Muscle testing can not be used with patients with_____________.
o Precautions & Contraindications for muscle testing
o ***Muscle grades and definitions*** (See FMT Grades handout)
o Difference between MMT and FMT
o Results of muscle weakness
 G/N:_______________________
 F+ :_______________________
 F: _______________________
 F- :_______________________
 P: _______________________
 T or 0: _______________________
o Results for Tx Planning
Coordination
o Facts
 Cortical representation in the brain
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The hand is usually the _______ part of the body to recover after a
__________.
Precision handling
 Rotation
 Translation away
 Translation towards the palm
 Pinch
Functional position of the hand
 Wrist is __________ 10-30 degrees
 Slight _______ deviation
 All joints are partially ___________
 Thumb is __________ and ____________
 Palm is __________________
Muscles of the hand
 Intrinsic
 Extrinsic
Activities that assess dexterity/coordination
Treatment Planning:
 Developmental sequence of the hand
Grip strength testing
 Instrument used
 Findings are documented in __________.
Testing procedure for grip strength (see handout)
Pinch strength testing
 Instrument used
 Types of pinch:
 Three jaw chuck
 Lateral (key)
 Tip
Testing procedure for pinch strength (see handout)