Globalization
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TERM
INFORMATION
1. Exodusters
The Exodusters were African
Americans who migrated from the
Southern United States to Kansas
in the late 19th century,
particularly after the end of
Reconstruction, seeking better
opportunities and escaping the
harsh conditions of segregation
and discrimination.
2. Buffalo Soldiers
This term refers to African
American soldiers who served in
segregated regiments in the
United States Army, particularly
after the Civil War. They were
given the nickname "Buffalo
Soldiers" by Native American
tribes they encountered, likely due
to their bravery and fierceness in
battle.
3. Transcontinental Railroad:
The Transcontinental Railroad was
a railway system that spanned the
continent of North America,
connecting the East and West
coasts of the United States. Its
completion in 1869 revolutionized
transportation, commerce, and
settlement patterns in the country.
4. Dawes Act (Carlisle Schools):
The Dawes Act, also known as the
General Allotment Act, was
passed in 1887 with the aim of
assimilating Native Americans into
mainstream American society by
allotting them individual parcels of
land. The Carlisle Indian Industrial
School was one of several
boarding schools established as
part of the assimilation efforts.
PICTURE
Globalization
5. Last Indian Wars
The Last Indian Wars refer to the
series of conflicts between Native
American tribes and the United
States government in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries,
culminating with events such as
the Wounded Knee Massacre in
1890.
6. Gilded Age
The Gilded Age is a period in
American history, roughly
spanning from the 1870s to the
early 1900s, characterized by
rapid economic growth,
industrialization, urbanization, and
significant social inequality.
7. Robber Barons:
Robber Barons were wealthy and
powerful industrialists and
businessmen in the late 19th
century who amassed great
fortunes through often unethical or
exploitative means, such as
monopolistic practices and labor
abuses.
8. Monopolies:
Monopolies are situations in which
a single company or entity controls
the entire market for a particular
product or service, allowing them
to dictate prices and eliminate
competition.
9. Urbanization:
Urbanization is the process by
which an increasing proportion of
a population migrates from rural
areas to cities, leading to the
growth and expansion of urban
areas.
Globalization
10. Problems with Urbanization
(Tenements):
Urbanization brought about
various challenges, including
overcrowded and unsanitary living
conditions in urban areas,
particularly in tenement buildings,
which were low-cost multifamily
dwellings that housed many poor
immigrants.
11. Immigration:
Immigration refers to the process
of individuals moving into a
country from another, typically with
the intention of settling there
permanently.
12. Social Darwinism:
Social Darwinism is a belief
system that applied Charles
Darwin's theory of natural
selection and "survival of the
fittest" to human societies, often
used to justify social inequality,
laissez-faire capitalism, and
imperialism.
13. Laissez-faire Economics:
Laissez-faire economics is an
economic philosophy advocating
minimal government intervention
in the economy and allowing
market forces to operate freely.
Globalization
14. New Immigrants (Ethnic
Ghettos, Melting Pot):
"New Immigrants" refers to
immigrants who arrived in the
United States primarily from
Southern and Eastern Europe in
the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. They often settled in
ethnic ghettos in cities but also
contributed to the cultural melting
pot of American society.
15. Nativism:
Nativism is a political and social
ideology favoring the interests of
native-born or established
inhabitants over those of
immigrants, often accompanied by
hostility or prejudice toward
immigrants.
16. Political Machines:
Political machines were corrupt
political organizations that
controlled city governments in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries,
using patronage, bribery, and
coercion to maintain power and
influence.
17. The South During the Gilded
Age (Convict Lease System):
The South during the Gilded Age
refers to the region's economic
and social conditions following the
Civil War, including the convict
lease system, where prisoners
were leased out to private
companies for labor, often under
brutal and exploitative conditions.
Globalization
18. The West During the Gilded
Age:
The West during the Gilded Age
experienced rapid economic
development fueled by mining,
cattle ranching, and the expansion
of railroads, as well as conflicts
with Native American tribes and
environmental challenges.
19. Edison & Westinghouse
Effects on Factories:
Thomas Edison and George
Westinghouse were inventors and
entrepreneurs whose innovations,
such as the electric light bulb and
alternating current (AC) electricity
system, revolutionized industrial
production and factory operations.
20. Horizontal vs. Vertical
Integration:
Horizontal integration involves the
consolidation of companies
operating in the same industry or
producing similar products, while
vertical integration involves a
company controlling multiple
stages of production within a
single industry, from raw materials
to distribution.
Globalization
Globalization