Laney et al. (false memory)
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths &
Weaknesses
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
The sample consisted
of university students.
This introduces
participant variables
that could distort
results, therefore
reducing the validity of
the research.
nsisted
udents.
s
ables
rt
re
alidity of
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
The male to female
ratio was not equal, so
the results are not
quite generalizable to
the target population.
64 females and 39
males
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
As the study was a snapshot study, we
cannot determine how long the effects
of false memories last. A longitudinal
study would determine the durability of
false memories on food preferences and
behavioural consequences.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
ot study, we
the effects
ngitudinal
durability of
Completing a questionnaire may not involve
the same processes as choosing to eat (or
not eat) a specific food in a restaurant setting,
therefore we could argue that there is little
ecological validity in this research.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
ot study, we
the effects
ngitudinal
durability of
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
The distractor questionnaires
prevented participants from
knowing the true aims of the
study which in turn, controlled
demand characteristics and
social desirability bias.
Therefore, the research has
internal validity.
The questionnaires helped to
operationalize the dependent
variable and, also allowed the
standardised collection of data
as quantitative data was
gathered. Quantitative data
helps in data analysis and in
comparing results.
Questionnaire
researchers t
quantitative d
participants th
easily analyse
compare resu
conditions.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Strengths & Weaknesses
estionnaires
pants from
aims of the
rn, controlled
eristics and
y bias.
search has
Questionnaires allow
researchers to collect
quantitative data quickly from
participants that can be
easily analysed and used to
compare results across two
conditions.
The questionna
operationalize th
variable and, als
standardised co
as quantitative d
gathered. Quan
helps in data an
comparing resu
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Evaluation
Generalizability (Somewhat high)
- Large number of participants but were in the same age range and similar course selection
Reliability (High)
- Questionnaires were standardized and so were the procedures
- Was replicated
Application (Somewhat high)
- Can be used to encourage healthier eating
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Evaluation
Validity (Somewhat low)
- Lacks ecological validity since it was done in a lab study
- RQ resembled a real menu
Ethics (Somewhat high)
- Participants were deceived
- Deception was needed
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Quizziz
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
The application of psychology to everyday life
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
The application of psychology to everyday life
When we are trying to focus, such as when listening to a lecture, allowing ourselves
to doodle might be advantageous. However, any attempt to deliberately ‘draw’
something specific is likely to be counterproductive as the drawing itself might
become the primary task, distracting us from the lecture rather than allowing us to
concentrate better.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues
and
Debates
The application of psychology to everyday life
The eyes provide a lot of information when we are attributing an emotion to an individual.
It might be possible to develop a programme to help teach individuals diagnosed with
AS/HFA to help them develop skills of interpreting emotions.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
The application of psychology to everyday life
Laney et al. demonstrate that it is possible to impact some people’s attitudes towards
asparagus by simply giving a small amount of false information.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Individual and situational explanations
Individual Explanation = Something about the person is used to explain
behaviour.
Situational Explanation = Something about the situation is used to explain
behaviour.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Individual and situational explanations
As doodling affected recall, this means it has a situational effect on information
processing. Andrade ensured that the participants would be bored so they were more
likely to doodle meaning there are situational causes for doodling itself.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Individual and situational explanations
Those individuals who had a diagnosis of AS/HFA performed significantly worse on the
Eyes test than ‘normal’ individuals, suggesting that the ability to read emotions in the eyes
is an individual skill that is developed, rather than being the result of the external
environment.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Individual and situational explanations
The effect of the false memory embedded by telling one group of participants that they
loved asparagus as a child means that the situation could affect an individual’s attitude
towards the food.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Nature vs Nurture
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Nature vs Nurture
There is no known single cause for autism and there are both
generic and environmental arguments. Several different genes
appear to be involved in autistic spectrum disorder, with some of
these being inherited and others happening spontaneously.
Researchers are currently investigating if environmental factors
such as viral infections, pollutants or issues during pregnancy could
have a role in triggering the disorder
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Children as Participants
Baron-Cohen et al.’s research was conducted on adult
male participants using pictures of adult eyes and relatively
sophisticated words to describe the emotion displayed. This
would not be appropriate for children and alternative methods
should be considered to investigate similar aims in children.
Baron-Cohen has devised a ‘Theory of Mind’ test for children
called the ‘Sally and Anne’ test that involves asking children
questions following a short scene that is acted out with dolls.
Naurin Abubaker 12A
Laney et al. (false memory)
Issues and Debates
Children as Participants