KALDI
4 - MULA
A Kaizen Paper presented to the
Faculty of College of Business and
Accountancy Marketing Management
National University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Final Requirements
for the course Operations Management and
Total Quality Management
Presented by:
CABUNIAG, ANDREA F.
DORINGO, JULIAN D.
LLAMAS, JANNA LEE O.
ZAFRA, MARY CLAIRE
Presented to:
MR. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
Term 1
Academic Year 2023-2024
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
Introduction
1
a. History of KALDI
b. The Impact of Impact of Inventories on Business Operations
7-8
II.
Statement of Purpose
III.
Improvement Scope
10 - 11
IV.
Plans of Action
12 - 17
V.
Desired Outcomes
17
VI.
Plan Viability
18
VII.
Benefits
VIII.
Necessary Resources
21
IX.
Conclusion
22
X.
Preparations Made
23 - 29
XI.
Works Cited/ Consulted
30 - 31
XII.
Annex
a. Evaluation Form for Unavailability of Products
9
19-20
32
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
I.
INTRODUCTION
KALDI Coffee and Pastries was started in February 2023. It is in front of the National
University-Manila. This coffee shop was founded by 5 partners: Mark Versoza, Julian Ariz,
Frenz Mendoza, Sharon Dolor, and EA Vetron. Based on one of the owners, Kaldi
originated from a legendary Arab Ethiopian named Kaldi or Khalid who discovered the
coffee plant. Kaldi offers different varieties of coffee, non-coffee, teas, pastries, and kinds
of pasta. They also offer services like a movie room or conference room. But before they
came up with selling coffee products, they started with milk teas in Bazaars, schools, and
malls before they decided to have a physical store.
Figure 1: KALDI Business Logo
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PROF. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
EVALUATING THE ATMOSPHERE AND HYGIENE OF KALDI
Figure 2: Cleanliness and Ambiance of KALDI
Figure 2 shows the results from the survey about the ambiance and cleanliness of KALDI.
20% of respondents answered neutral, 40% rated KALDI 4 for its cleanliness and
ambiance, and another 40% of the respondents answered 5 for its cleanliness and
ambiance.
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PROF. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
EVALUATING THE STAFF’S FRIENDLINESS, SERVICE QUALITY, SEATING
AVAILABILITY, AND COMFORT
Figure 3: Service and Comfort Assessment
Figure 3 shows the ratings of respondents for the staff’s friendliness, service quality,
seating availability, and comfort in KALDI. 3.3% of the respondents, rate KALDI 2 as the
second lowest to the choices, 6.7% rate them 3 as neutral, 36.7% rate them 4, and the
highest rating which is 5 gained 53.3% of the respondents.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
CUSTOMERS WHO ENCOUNTERED A SITUATION WHERE THEIR DESIRED
ORDER (COFFEE, PASTA, PASTRY) WAS NOT AVAILABLE AT KALDI
As the café became known for its cozy and friendly place, and the sudden change in the
number of customers they’ve been encountering after the school year started the
frequency of the purchases changed and grew bigger. With this surge in customers, the
supplies for some ingredients found themselves in a bit of a predicament. The demand
shot up, and the supplies for some ingredients couldn't always keep up. There were days
when they had temporarily out of some of their best-seller drinks due to the delay in
deliveries.
Figure 4: Customer Experience with Unavailable Products
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
Figure 4 shows the result of the gathered data conducted by the team, which shows the
unavailability of some of the products that the respondents ordered in KALDI. 56.7% said
they encountered a situation where their desired order (coffee, pasta, pastry) was
unavailable at Kaldi and 43.3% said they did not experience it. The purpose of collecting
this data is for the 4-mula to know the reasons behind the unavailability of customers
desired food in KALDI. Before conducting the survey, the team ensured that the
respondents on the survey were used to going to KALDI and had an experience ordering
in KALDI. Based also on one of the owners of KALDI, they have an issue regarding their
inventory.
Based on the results of from gathered data in the survey, KALDI has a problem with its
inventory, and it was also stated by one of their owners during an interview with the team
that they have an issue regarding this problem.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
RESPONDENTS ANSWERS ON WHAT IS THEIR DESIRED ORDER IN KALDI THAT
IS UNAVAILABLE
Figure 5: Basis of the problem
Figure 5 sets the basis of the problem. The team asked the respondents what is their
desired order that was not available in KALDI. 36.7% of the respondents answered
coffee/non-coffee, and 23.3% answered pastries. As an overall result, 60% of the
respondents encountered a situation where their desired order (coffee, pasta, pastry)
was not available at Kaldi, and the remaining 40% answered that they did not encounter
a situation where their desired order (coffee, pasta, pastry) was not available at Kaldi.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
Effective supply chain management is crucial in international operations, where complex
networks of suppliers, distribution centers, and transportation modes span borders. The
management of inventories becomes pivotal in ensuring the seamless flow of goods
across these international boundaries and meeting the diverse demands of custom ers.
Cultural and seasonal differences further add to the intricacies of international business.
Enterprises operating globally often find themselves adapting their inventory strategies to
accommodate variations in product demand driven by different cultures and climates. This
may involve stocking seasonal or culturally relevant items to remain competitive.
Additionally, global sourcing strategies, a common practice to reduce costs, necessitate
efficient inventory management to maintain a steady supply of raw materials and
components while preventing the burden of excessive holding costs. In essence,
international inventory management is a multifaceted challenge that requires a delicate
balance between supply chain optimization and cultural adaptation. (Atna fu & Balda,
2018)
Team, C. C. (2022) shared that for every company that sells physical items, inventory is
one of the crucial factors that can have a big influence on its financial status and entire
business case. By keeping a suitable inventory, a firm may meet its commitments and
justify the expectations of its customers. On the other hand, a low inventory level prevents
it from producing its items in a timely manner, which eventually causes the fulfillment of
orders to be delayed. Keeping more inventory on hand, however, slows down cash flow
and exposes the business to losses from theft, damage, and the inability to store other
items that may be used to make a profit, a situation known as opportunity cost.
Consistent product availability encourages repeat business and contributes to a positive
shopping experience. If the merchandise is taken off the shelves, a smaller number of
people will enter your business. Having the correct number of items is crucial to preventing
clients from defecting to your primary competitors. (Nexgen Marketing, 2022)
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
Low product availability has several negative consequences. Firstly, it can lead to
stockouts, resulting from inadequate planning, underestimating demand, underordering,
or having low safety stock levels. This can result in lost customers and the need to visit
competitors. Secondly, it frustrates customers, leading to a poor shopping experience and
potential loss of loyal customers. Third, it results in needless sales loss as your store's
reputation suffers, and you're unable to meet customer needs. Inaccurate product
forecasting can also lead to financial losses and dead stock, reducing your return on
investment. Lastly, product availability has a significant impact on both retailers and
suppliers. As a retailer low product availability can lead to lost sales and push customers
to explore alternative brands. This affects the relationship between retailers and suppliers,
potentially causing retailers to lose faith in unreliable suppliers and seek alternatives. A
strained relationship can also harm a brand's placement in stores. This issue is equally
detrimental for suppliers engaged in category management, emphasizing the critical
importance of maintaining strong product availability for all parties involved in the supply
chain. (DotActiv Team, 2023)
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PROF. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
II.
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
This paper focuses on enhancing Kaldi Cafe with the intention of improving its operational
performance across various areas.
As the demand for specialty coffee and pastries continues to rise, it is essential for Kaldi
to adapt and innovate to meet the evolving needs and expectations of its customers while
also addressing sustainability concerns.
In this context, we outline our intentions to implement Kaizen principles to enhance the
cafe's operations. The following are the core aims:
•
To determine the primary factors contributing to menu item unavailability.
•
To improve stock control and inventory management procedures.
•
To reduce customer dissatisfaction brought on by unavailable menu items.
•
To cultivate a culture of continuous improvement among Kaldi Cafe's staff.
•
To elevate the overall customer experience.
•
To implement Kaizen principles to improve operational efficiency.
•
To put methods, such as improved forecasting and inventory control, into action to
reduce menu item unavailability.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
III.
IMPROVEMENT SCOPE
This study will center on the effects and causes that create a hindrance in KALDI’S
goals to provide quality service to its customers. This will be a way to provide opportunities
to the company and look for ways to achieve, improve, and give solutions to the problem.
Inefficient workforce scheduling results in a poor distribution of labor resources,
overstaffing, or understaffing during crucial times. Due to inconsistent shifts, this can result
in higher labor expenses and worse staff morale. In addition, a lack of inventory
accountability makes it difficult for a business to efficiently track, manage, and reorder
products, which could lead to stockouts, overstocking, and higher holding costs. Both
problems can negatively impact a business's capacity to operate profitably. A lack of
backup providers might make a company prone to supply chain disruptions. Without
backup sources, unexpected events like supplier bankruptcy or natural calamities could
stop output. Like how unclear inventory methods can cause inefficiencies, it can make it
difficult to check stock levels effectively, which could lead to overstocking or stockouts,
which have a negative influence on costs and customer satisfaction.
Figure 6: Fishbone Diagram
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PROF. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
After identifying the cause and effect of the problem by the team, they noticed that there
is a need for improvements in certain areas of KALDIS operation. This paper will focus on
the improvement of Methods and Materials.
The figure above indicates that the following cause of the KALDI is inventory shortage,
and the team discovered several factors influencing product availability at KALDI. After
identifying the cause and effect of the problem, they noticed a need for improvements in
some regions of KALDI's operation. This paper will discuss METHODS and MATERIALS
for improving KALDI's operations. The first is the portion of materials demanded in KALDI
activities, as the company cannot operate without its materials. When a company
overlooks late delivery, there is a need for more supplies to create items, which causes an
issue with client satisfaction. Next is the method. The lack of suppliers causes a halt on
some parts of the source of profit; sticking with one supplier is one of the main reasons
why there is an issue with product availability in the business. With backup plans or
suppliers for the materials, the operation will eventually delay and hinder the gain in profit.
Inaccurate inventory counts also trigger the unavailability of products in KALDI. The
problem with monitoring the inventory of the KALDI causes shrinkage. KALDI's
commitment to giving customers the best product and service will be an issue that can
turn out poorly due to the product's under furnish availability.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
IV.
Plans of Action
To solve the issue to improve KALDI’s problem. Here are the proposed strategies
of the team to accomplish the goals.
Figure 7: Implementation of Actions
Stages or
Actions / Activities
Person/ s
Phases
1. Research
Timetable
Responsible
The first thing that KALDI and the
Owners and
researchers need to do is to find
Researchers
another
supplier
for
the
Week 1 - 2
raw
materials. Research is the way to
make it happen since KALDI’s
customers preferred their original
supplier which has a problem in
delivering supplies to them. To solve
this problem, they need to search
for another supplier.
2. Assess
After conducting research for the
Owners and
suppliers,
Researchers
KALDI
must
assess
Week 3
whose supplier they will choose that
also has the same taste as their
current supplies that will satisfy their
customer's taste buds.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
3. Study
Following
a
comprehensive
assessment of potential backup
Owners and
Week 4
Customers
suppliers, this phase also includes
gauging customer satisfaction. The
analysis will consider factors like
potential cost savings, the quality of
the products, the supplier's ability to
meet Kaldi's unique operational
requirements, and the potential of
the supplier to act as a reliable
backup source. Along with the
qualities of the supplier, it also
considers feedback from customers
as well as reactions to the cafe's
offerings.
4. Observe
This phase
entails
a
rigorous
Owners,
evaluation to make sure that the
Customers, and
products from the backup supplier
Researchers
Week 5
are comparable to the quality and
customer satisfaction levels of the
main supplier. The aim of this phase
is to make sure that, if the primary
supplier encounters difficulties or
disruptions, the backup provider will
be able to effortlessly step in and
sustain the supply chain.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
5. Adopt
In
this
phase,
concentrate
on
KALDI
will
integrating
Owners
Week 6
Owners and
Researchers
Week 7
Owners and
Researchers
Week 8
the
products of the backup supplier into
their supply chain in the hope of
enhancing customer
and
maintaining
satisfaction
uninterrupted
operations. It is a crucial step to
ensure the supply chain in the face
of potential disruptions with the
main supplier.
6. Monitor
Following
the
effective
implementation of the plans, strict
monitoring of all processes will
become necessary. The purpose is
to
guarantee
the
long-term
effectiveness of a new set of
procedures for KALDI, identify the
long-term business benefits, and fix
any
potential
defects
in
the
proposed process as soon as
feasible.
7. Review
This
phase
results
from
a
successful process implementation
for
the
decide
business. KALDI
between
adopting
must
and
improving the new method and
returning to its previous operational
standards.
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PROF. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
•
OLD vs. NEW PROCESS FLOW CHART
This part of the paper includes the old and new KALDI flow charts that will be differentiated
and analyzed. The team came up with a new flow chart to solve and minimize the
unavailability of KALDI’s Products.
START
DELEGATION OF
TASKS
CHECKING OF
INVENTORY
NO
INSUFFICIENT
SUPPLIES?
YES
NOTIFY THE
OWNER
ORDERING TO
SUPPLIER
Is there a
stock in
suppliers?
NO
UNAVAILABLE STOCK
OF SUPPLIES
YES
ORDERING TO
SUPPLIER
ORDER
RECEIVED
END
Figure 8: Old Process Flowchart
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
The issue with the process shown above is Kaldi's significant reliance on a single source.
In this instance, Kadi's inventory is completely sourced from one provider. Delays or
stockouts at the major supplier, for example, have a direct impact on Kaldi's capacity to
sustain product availability. It's because Kaldi is susceptible to problems with the supply
chain due to its excessive reliance on one source. And this has the effect of reducing
consumer satisfaction and losing income. The team believes that diversifying their supplier
base is the best way to address this issue. This calls for Kaldi to find a backup source.
This will minimize lost income due to product unavailability and ensure a more stable and
resilient supply chain.
START
Figure 9: New Process Flowchart
DELEGATION OF
TASKS
CHECKING OF
INVENTORY
NO
INSUFFICIENT
SUPPLIES?
Yes
NOTIFY THE
OWNER
NO
ORDERING TO
SUPPLIER
IS THERE A STOCK
IN SUPPLIERS?
Yes
UNAVAILABLE
STOCK OF SUPPLIES
ORDERING TO
SUPPLIER
CONTACT BACK- UP
SUPPLIERS
ORDER
RECEIVED
PLACE BACK-UP
ORDER
BACK-UP ORDER
RECEIVED
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END
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PROF. DAN JEWARD C. RUBIS, MBA
ORDERING
SAFETY STOCK
AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
This new process flowchart was developed for KALDI, aiming to make changes and
improve to have the potential to reshape their business in the future. To fully understand
the proposed new process flowchart, the team identified first the problem and what causes
the problem that affects product unavailability and found out that the business could not
manage the inventory well. Analyzing and observing their flowchart, the team added a few
processes and that is to find a backup supplier whenever there is unavailability to their
primary supplier. The proposed new process flowchart for KALDI aims to improve their
business and reshape it in the future. To address the product unavailability problem, the
team identified the main cause as poor inventory management. After analyzing the existing
flowchart, the team added a process to find a backup supplier and to have a safety stock
to prevent product unavailability whenever the primary supplier is out of stock.
V.
Desired Outcomes
The suggestions proposed by the team aim to improve KALDI’s process to avoid the
unavailability of its products. The first outcome that the team wants for KALDI is to increase
their daily sales. It has a big impact on KALDI because they could reach more customers.
Many customers come to KALDI, which means they can capture more market share. The
second is to avoid leaving customers who want to order. This scenario can give a business
a bad image and lead to a situation where customers will be frustrated and disappointed.
Lastly, to maintain the satisfaction they provide to their customers, especially students who
are looking for a cozy place to hang out after a long, tiring day of school.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
VI.
Plan Viability
The paper on KAIZEN presented a plan of action to address the issue of understocking in
inventory that can lead to customer dissatisfaction and loss of customers. The previous
chapter suggested adding safety stock and finding new suppliers to prevent
understocking. The old process relied on a single supplier and their staff for ordering
ingredients without proper planning. The new process, however, will improve production
and customer satisfaction by adding new processes such as safety stock and seeking
backup suppliers that can serve as a safety net in case the main supplier does not have
stock for their products. The new plan of action may take time and add management costs,
but finding a new supplier can help with their stocks and meet the expectations of reliability
and consistency. D. Saputra. (2023). A backup supplier is an additional source that you
set in place to provide resources if your primary supplier is unable to satisfy your needs.
In this case, your primary provider continues to be your major source of materials, while
the backup supply functions as a backup plan to prevent interruptions. Adding safety
stocks to their new process can balance production and help the business prepare for
fluctuations in demand and supply, always ensuring reliability and helping the business
cope with surges in customers. Kunz, B. (2022). Stockouts involve a wide range of
negative consequences for small-business owners, including lost sales, lower customer
satisfaction, higher operating expenses, and more. Having emergency supplies on hand
can assist company owners in avoiding running out of supplies even when unforeseen
occurrences occur. Providing the wants of the customer with excellent customer service
can lead to customer satisfaction. Kunz also said that prioritizing client happiness is critical
for small-business entrepreneurs. Having emergency supplies on hand helps keep
pleased loyal consumers who know they have access to their trusted brands to locate
what they need. Ensuring the customer with good products and good service, the KALDI
can earn a high customer retention rate. If the café is a reliable and worry-free place, this
will lead to customer satisfaction, loyalty, and positive word-of-mouth contributing to
KALDI’s success in the long run.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
VII.
Benefits
Internal Stakeholders
Employees
The suggested solution, which includes a backup supply, will considerably benefit
employees. It is because, with a more stable and consistent supply chain, staff are unlikely
to be concerned about disruptions while doing their duties. It will improve job satisfaction
and efficiency. It will also relieve them of the stress of dealing with supply shortages,
allowing them to focus on their main line of work.
Management
The recommended plan of action will also benefit management since it would result in
greater control and contingency planning. The redesigned process flow with backup
suppliers and safety stock will ensure Kaldi's smoother operations and will reduce the
danger of frequent supply chain problems. Furthermore, it will improve the company's
overall performance and reputation, allowing management to implement strategic goals
more easily.
Owner
The implementation of the new process flow with backup suppliers will benefit the owners
as well. Because the risks arising from supply shortages will be decreased with this
modified flow. As a result, owners will have greater confidence in their company's stability
and durability. They can better foresee their business's future and make educated
decisions to remain competitive in the market.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
External Stakeholders
Customers
Customers are certain to benefit from the revised process flow since it will increase product
availability and delivery times, which is the primary focus of this study. This will result in
improved customer satisfaction, which is likely to give rise to repeat purchases, resulting
in business development and continuity. A pleasant customer experience can also attract
prospective customers, which can contribute to the growth of the company.
Suppliers
The improved supply chain management will benefit suppliers. Suppliers ought to
anticipate improved revenues and stronger ties with the company with more predictable
orders and regular product demand. Improved supplier-company collaboration can result
in mutual growth and success.
Creditors
The recommended solution may benefit creditors as well. The firm is better positioned to
satisfy its financial commitments, including loan payments, with a more reliable and
efficient supply chain. This enhanced dependability and profitability reassure creditors
about the company's capacity to repay obligations on time, lowering their worries and
risks.
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VIII.
Necessary Resources
In this section of the paper, the team outlines the essential requirements for putting the
plan into action. It is crucial to have a clear understanding of the factors that the team need
to consider when executing this plan. The team primarily focuses on the time and materials
required to bring the proposal to life.
A. Material
Back-up suppliers - This is needed by KALDI because they should not be dependent on
only one supplier. It may cause unavailability of supplies if their main supplier runs out of
stock and there is no other option but to wait for the restock. Back-up suppliers are
essential for KALDI to have another option in terms of the need situation.
Safety Stock - KALDI should always provide safety stock to avoid the unavailability of
products. In case they cannot get stock from their suppliers, their safety stock will help
them in situations where there is a huge number of customers.
B. Time
The suggested approach will necessitate an appropriate amount of time. The team
allocated one to two weeks for our plans of action. This is crucial to allow Kaldi to find
additional suppliers because there is no need to rush in searching for other suppliers as
the sub-supplier should still maintain quality.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
IX.
Conclusion
The purpose of this paper is to prevent the KALDI’s problem in connection to the result of
the conducted survey by the team. In the interview with one of the owners, they said that
they have a problem with the unavailability of products and one of the reasons we have
seen in this problem is their dependency on only one supplier. After surveying the
customers, the team observed that the highest result for the problem was the unavailability
of KALDI’s product, which also matched the team's interview with one of the owners. By
that, the team concluded that one of the most important things that KALDI needs to do is
to have a backup supplier. The team will use the plans of action to put the suggested
solutions into practice. The first step that the team and the owners need to do is to
research. To find a sub-supplier in case the main supplier does not have stocks to deliver.
Second, the owners must assess which supplier provides the best and almost the same
taste as their main supplier stocks that will surely satisfy their customers. After doing it,
they should study the potential of the chosen backup supplier by observing their qualities
if they also satisfy the customers. After doing those, they must adopt the steps by
integrating the products of the backup suppliers into KALDI’s supply chain. Next is to have
strict monitoring of implemented actions to guarantee the long-term effectiveness of the
procedures for KALDI. Lastly, KALDI must review the successful implementation process
to decide either to adopt or to improve the new method and return to its previous
operational standards. As a result, the team proposed a modification to KALDI’s old
process. The team input a backup supplier and ordered safety stock in the new process
flowchart to prevent the unavailability of products. In the old process, KALDI does not have
a backup supplier. By doing these procedures, the team affirms that the customers will not
leave KALDI dissatisfied and it will also help KALDI to increase their daily sales.
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AN IMPROVEMENT PLAN PAPER FOR KALDI
X.
Preparations Made
This section of the paper outlines the steps the team took to create the KAIZEN paper.
Following the brainstorming, the team leader divided out the duties among the members
of the group to begin work on the paper. The team surveyed KALDI to gather information
to be a tool to use for the paper. Once every assignment has been completed, the team
leader reviews it to make sure no changes need to be made and solicits feedback from
other team members before submitting it. The team met in person at KALDI to talk about
the remaining responsibilities for the designated chapters and to interview one of the
owners. In the remaining chapters, the team had a group work at school doing the old
process of KALDI. The team conferred with the advisor on the completed work to gain
advice on what modifications or additions to make to the paper before finalizing it.
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Figure 10: Designation of Task and Sharing of Insights
Figure 11: Conducting Survey and Interview
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Figure 12: Group Meeting at KALDI
Figure 13: Groupings at school for Flow Chart
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Figure 14: Consultation
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XI.
Works Cited/ Consulted
•
Atnafu, D., & Balda, A. (2018). The impact of inventory management practice on
firms’ competitiveness and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from
micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia. Cogent Business & Management
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311975.2018.1503219
•
DotActiv Team. (2023, July 10). HOW CONSISTENT PRODUCT AVAILABILITY
IMPROVES CUSTOMER EXPERIENCES. DotActiv Team. Retrieved October 2,
2023, from
•
https://www.dotactiv.com/blog/consistent-productavailability#:~:text=It%20frustrates%20and%20angers%20your%20customers&text
=Not%20having%20the%20right%20products,visit%20your%20direct%20competito
r%20instead
•
Kunz, B. (2023, April 8). What Is Safety Stock? Business.org.
https://www.business.org/finance/inventory-management/what-is-safety-stock/
•
Nexgen Marketing. (2022, June 15). Reasons Why Consistent Product Availability
Results in Better Shopper Experience. Nexgen. Retrieved October 2, 2023, from
•
https://www.nexgenus.com/company/blog/reasons-why-consistent-productavailability-results-in-better-shopper-experience
•
Saputra, D., Saputra, D., & Saputra, D. (2023, June 13). Maximize Resilience: How
You Can Benefit from Backup Suppliers. SCM Guide - Where Supply Chain
Management Is so Easy.
https://scmguide.com/maximize-resilience-how-you-can-benefit-frombackupsuppliers/#:~:text=A%20backup%20supplier%20refers%20to%20a%2
0secondary%20source,serves%20as%20a%20contingency%20plan%20to%20
mitigate%20disruptions.
•
Team, C. C. (2022). How do inventory risks impact your business? Cin7 Core.
https://dearsystems.com/how-do-inventory-risks-impact-yourbusiness/#:~:text=As%20mentioned%20earlier%2C%20having%20more,Losing%20
sales
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•
What Are the Factors Affecting the Inventory Management? (2021, June 30). Asset Infinity.
https://www.assetinfinity.com/blog/factors-affecting-inventory-management
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XII.
Annex
Figure 15: Evaluation Form for Unavailability of Products
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