##ruKffiru€%
o1
Questions and short
Peopte around you
Reading: The myths that
answers
Everyday activities
make you feetguitty
YOURWORLD
Present simple and
Page 06
Present continuous
o2
Past simple and
Childhood and upbringing
Reading: The secrets of
Remembering and
forgetting
your memory
Listening: Chitdhood and
upbringing
Features and sights
Adjectives for describing
Reading: What's the right
type of hotiday for you?
Past continuous
MEMORY
used
to
and
would
Page 15
o8
Comparatives and
ACROSSTHE GLOBE
superlatives
Different ways of
Page 26
comparing
o4
Present perfect and
Life events
Past simple
PersonaI qualities
REAL LIVES
Page 36
Present perfect simple and
o5
Future forms
GO FOR IT!
when, unless, etc.
places
Reading: Pushed too far?
Present perfect continuous
Future clauses with rf,
Word families
Work
Reading: Cetting ahead in
the 21st century
Listening: Career
Page 46
crossroads
o6
tell
Past perfect
say and
Reported speech
Adverbs for telling stories
Reading: lt realty
happened to me!
TRUE STORIES
page 56
Study, Practice
& Remember page 132,Audio scripts
page 168, lrregular verb tist page 175
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MUST SEE!
Entertainment and
teIevision
Reading: News stories
Listening: Film quiz
Extreme adjectives
page 66
o8
Polite requests
SociaI behaviour
will
SOCIAL LIFE
resPonses
Tatking about norms
and customs
Defining relative clauses
How gadgets work
Quantifiers
Descri bi ng everyday
and shall for instant
Reading: My big night outl
Listening: Modern manners quiz
page 76
09
STUFF!
objects
work
page 86
10
Making predictions
HypotheticaI possibiIities
SOCIETYAND
CHANGE
wirh
r
Numbers and statistics
Society and change
Society and social issues
Obligation and permission
11
in the present
RULES
page 106
Reading: The future will
surprise us
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change
page 96
Linking words
Crime and punishment
Listening: Annoying rules
Reading: Exclusive clubs
Obligation and permission
in the past
L2
could have, should have,
would have
YOUR CHOICE
HypotheticaI situations
page 116
in the past with
Study, Practice
Reading: Consumer crazy
Listening: How gadgets
if
Probtems and sotutions
Listening: The toughest
decision of their lives
Reading: How to make
decisions
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Language focus 'l
Questirums amd sF:*rt
3
*
*nsw*r$
Match situations 1-3 with photos A-C.
1 someone answering questions to complete a form
2 someone who has just arrived in a foreign country and
3
is greeting an old friend she hasn,t seen for a tong time
someone getting to know a ctassmate on a new course
Work in pairs. Think of two questions that the peopte in each
situation might ask.
r$ i$; '1.€
Za
Listen to nine short conversations. Match them with
situations 'l-3 in exercise 1a.
11 2_3_4_5_6_7_B_g
b
F
work in pairs. How many questions from the conversations can
you remember? Make a [ist.Then listen again and check.
* r *ti
e""
g
qzs
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t= tz
z
Many questions begin with wh- words and phrases:
What? Wkere? Which part? (atso How?)
1
Think of four more wh- question words/phrases.
2
Cross out the question
with incorrect word order.
1 Where do tive your parents?
2 Where do your parents
572 + r
3
t
i4 z.i,i'1r,J E
F:
[ive?
ti
Rewrite the answers to these questions using did do and doesn,t.
,
A: Did you have a good journey?
B: Yes, I had a good iourney. yes, I did.
1 A: Do at[ your famity tive near here?
B: My parents live near here, but my sisterdoesn,t live near here.
Does your father work in London?
B: No, he works from nome.
2 A:
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Vocabu[rry
Pemple anound
you
E* Which word doesn't belong in each group? Cross
it
out and write it in the correct group.
i older sister
i relative
i grandchitd
i grandparents
i Worky'sehool i classmate
i colleague
i niece
'''''''"i.'"'
i best friend
i acquaintance
''"j'
i neighbour
: cousin
Farnily
stepmother
stranger
ha[f-brother
boss
employee
old schoot friend
mother-in-law
flatmate
ex-girlfriend
Add more words to the table.
Ex
;* *j 1.4
Listen to eight instructions.Write your
answers in any of the spaces below.
l-anguage foculs 2
Fresent simple and Fresent eontinuous
3*
b
Look at the photos from Jess's birthday party tast
weekend.What do you think her relationship is to
each person in the photos?
r4
€; 't.S Jess is showing the photos to a cotleague.
Listen and check your answers to exercise 1a.
Lydia
*
Work in pairs and swap books. Ask questions to
find the meaning of the names/numbers that your
partner has written.
-
best friend
Listen again and find five mistakes in the sentences
below'
Jess is showing her photos
Ann
to Lyd6.
1
Lydia is working in a restaurant at the moment.
6
Jess's grandparents go out a [ot.
2 She wants to become a social worker.
3 She's apptying for lots of jobs.
4 lsabel is getting old.
5 She always pu[[s faces in photos.
7 Luxmmi is training to be a dentist.
8 joe is wearing sunglasses.
9 Joe's living in a student house at the moment.
10
He doesn't like the city very much.
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plrorhrno.,l
Reading and speaking
1
a
Look at the photos and discuss the questions.
.
.
b
Which opinions (a-d) do you think are true?
a
b
c
d
2a
ls there a lot of advice about lifestyle in newspapers
and magazines in your country?
Which photos remind you of yourself?
young people spend too much
time on the internet
people who get up early are more productive
multitasking is an essential modern skil[
there's no such thing as too much exercise
Read the article. Choose a phrase
from exercise 1b
to complete the gaps.
According to the article, is each phase a fact or
a myth?
3a
Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 How does the writer feel about his own lifestyle?
2 When are night owls more productive?
3 What kind of people had damage to their heart
4
5
6
muscles?
Which group spends the most time online in the USA?
What are older people better at doing online than
younger people?
ls it impossible to multitask welt? Why /Why not?
Work in pairs. Te[[ your partner which paragraph
you think is the most surprising and interesting.
Give reasons for your answer.
4a What common beliefs do people
have about lifestyle
in your countrlr? Make a [ist.
People often say that you should sleep at least
eight hours a day.
You often hear that eating late at night makes
you fat.
Work in pairs and compare your lists. Do you think
each belief is a fact or a myth? Why?
Every time I open a newspapet I read a new piece of
advice about what I'm doing wrong. I don't drink enough
watel I sleep too much, I don't sleep enough ... it can get
depressing. So I decided to do some research myself to
find out if i should really feel so guilty.
I've always felt bad because I find it difflcult to get up in the
morning - mainly because I can never sleep before 2 a.m.
So while my colleagues arrive for work looking bright
and fresh at B o'cloc( I arrive at ten, feeling grumpy. And
everyone knows that t_
, right? Wrong actually,
according to a report from the University of Liege. Two
hours after waking, researchers found that ear$ birds
and night owls are equally productive. But ten hours after
waking, night owls like me are less tired and better able to
concentrate! So next time I'm late for work, I won't apologise;
I'll just tell myboss that I'm a night owl - and that's good!
Like many people, I constantly worry about the amount
of exercise I take ... or rather don't take. I know i should
spend hours in the gyn every day and run marathons just
for fun. After all, '_,
is there? Actually, according to a
recent study, there is. Researchers studied top athletes who
are now in their fifties and found that some of them had
damage to their heart muscles. Men of the same age who
didn't exercise so intensively had no damage. So perhaps
I'm doing the best thing by sitting at home on the sofa?
Unfortunately nol It seems the best advice is still the old
saying: moderation in all things.
Everyone says that 3
, and as someone who grew
up with technology - a 'digital native' - I often worry that I
might be an internet addict. But apparentli4 a recent study of
Americans shows that it's not young people who go online
the most, it's the middle-aged. The study found that 18- to
24-year-olds spend around 32 hours a week online, but for
45- to S4-year-olds it's 40 hoursl Howeve4 it's not all good
news for digital natives. According to research, we are not as
good as older people at actually using the internet. It seems
we are too impatient and believe what we read too easily!
I'm not the kind of person who can talk on the phone,
shop online and cook dinner all at the same time, but I keep
reading that a_
. Does this mean there is something
wrong with me? I googled the subject and felt a little
better It seems, after all, that the human brain can't do
several things at the same time: it can only switch quickly
from one task to another If you try to do several things at
once, experts say that you simply do each thing less well.
According to workplace psychoiogist Steven Nguyen, we
should stop worrying about multitasking. 'Concentrate on
what you are doing and do fewer things betteq'he says. Now
that's advice that I'm happy to followl
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Research shows that people today have more free time tha
n.u"i.n ;
But do we spend our time on the things that really matteL or are we
wasting time and feeling frustrated?
Join our biggest ever survey to help us find out.
7*l
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Tick the statements that are true for you.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
9
I0
I1
| spend
too much time sleeping. tr
I don't get enough sleep.
I
X
work/study for too many hours.
I don't
work/study enough.
I
I
I spend a
lot of time looking after children / other relatives.
I spend a
lot of time socialising and going out.
I spend
10
I
f,
too much of my time on boring activities and tasks.
I never really stop
|
I
- l'm busy all day. I
find time for my interests.
r12
I
l'd like to have more time for my interests.
| sometimes feel bored because I can't thinl< of anything
to do.
I
I
|
don't have enough time for certain important things in my life.
l3
|
often put offtasks that I need to do.
|
feel stressed because I don't have enough time to do everything.
| waste a
I
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14
15
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I
lot of time on things that aren't very useful. D
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3
Writing
An informal email
1
.
.
2
it with
a As you know,
b Lots of [ove,
c I want to hear a[[your news!
d I reatty hope you're we[[.
e PS You can see some photos of me now on my
Work in groups and discuss.
.
Read Katarina's message again and complete
the phrases below.
Do you use online sociaI networks a [ot?
Why /Why not?
Have people from your past got in touch with you
through the internet?
lf so, did you meet up with them? What happened?
f
profile page.
So how are things
i
I
with you?
g There's another reason I wanted to get in touch.
h Please let me know.
stil[remember
Read the online message
that Katarina sent to her
old friend Grace. How do they know each other?
What does Katarina want to do?
ffi
4
Match topics a-d with the paragraphs in Katarina's
message.
a Questions for her old friend para. 2
b Reasons for getting in touch now
from Katarina
c Why she hasn't been in touch before
d News about her own life
Hi Grace,
Long time no see! lt's been
a few years but I hope you
ffi
5a You are going to write
remember me! After we left
university I lost your details,
so I was really happy to find
you again on this website.
You look great in your photo.
? What are you doing now? Are you still
living in Manchester? Sorry for all the questions but
! And how is your family? ls your brother still
training to be a lawyer? And what are your parents
that holiday I spent at your house with
'_
doing?
your family, Happy days!
after university I moved back to Slovakia.
I'm stillthere now. I live in Bratislava with my husband,
Hendrik. He's a W producer. I work for a media
company now Life changes so quickly! | really love my
life here but I still miss our time togetherat university,
It was so much fun!
,
. My company is sending me to Manchester
for three days next week. Hendrik is coming with me.
While we?e there we would really love to meet up with
you. ls that possible?
'
Take care.
Katarina
a simitar message.Think
of
an old friend you haven't seen for a long time and
invent a reason to contact him/her.
Use the topics in exercise 4 to make notes for your
message.Add any other information thatyou want
to inctude.
6
Write
a first draft of your message. Fol[ow the same
structure as Katarina's message and use the checklist
betow to help you.
.
.
.
Are there clear paragraphs? (e.g. the topics
in exercise 4)
Are you using appropriate phrases? (see exercise 3)
Are you using present tenses and questions
correetly?
;
Hayg vou cne$ed.snglting a1d plnctuation?
7a Work in pairs.
Read each other's messages and
suggest improvements. Use the checktist above
to help you.
Read your partner's comments and ask him/her for
more information if necessary.Then write the final
draft of your message.
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V
The $Gorels of ysur memory
lMemory expert Professor Jemima Gryaznov answers your
most cornmon questions about mernory.
I Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what
happened last week?
we remember the things t.har have srrong connections in our mind. especially
emotional connections. Childhood memories are often very emotionai:
we experience things for the first time so we have strong felhngs of fear
or excitement. Retelling events also helps to fix them in our memories and
interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and againl
2 Do sorne people really have a photographic memory ?
It is well knor,m that some peopie have an exlraordinary mem&y. Daniel
Tammer. for example, can remember the firsr 22.500 digits
of
pi and Stephen
wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory uit., flying over it in
a lrErruuyLsr.
helienntpr lFJnrrrarrat
noirha. Daniel
n.-i^l nor
c.^^"^^ have photographic
q
luvvcvcr, rreither
^^- stephen
a
memory
They are good at remembering particular things for a limited time. A person with
a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picrure. a book or
an event many years later. No one has yet proved rhat they have a phorographic
mpm^rrr
in e cnianri4n ta51.
3 Is computer memory better than human memory?
That depends what you mean by better'l Information in a compurer is stored
in separate pieces. Human memory is stored in a different way Each piece of
information is connecled to many other pieces. Thar s why a panicular smell can
bring back memories of a holiday or u p.rron. The problem *ith hu-un memory
is that it is messy and not very accurare. The problem wilh computer memory is
that iL can t make connections between pieces of inlormaLion it isn't creatlve.
-
4 1'm 24.Is rny memory getting worse?
Not yet. bur ir will do soon. our memory reaches
irs full power at the age
of
25.
At that polnt we can remember up to 200 pieces of information a second. After
this age. however. the brain srarts to get smalJer By the age of 40 we are losing
10,000 brain cells every day By middle age our memory is significantly worse
than when we were young.
5 Is it possibie to remember early childhood?
Scientisfs used to believe that ir was imposs,ble to remember very early
childhood, but recent research shows that babies are
-u.ir .t.u.r.r i#n
previously Lhoughr. Some people really can remember being a baby
Others, howevel remember nothing before the age of five or even tenl
6o
FIND OUT MORE
a
bo
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Language focus
X
1
Fast simple and Past continuouls
Work in pairs.Test your memory by answering the
quiz questions as quickly as you can. Give brief
details for each answer.
3a
Listen to five peopte discussing the quiz.
'eG =.=
Which question is each speaker discussing?
Can you remember what the speakers said?
Complete the listening extracts below.
1
Last Engtish lesson I was wearing jeans and a
shirt.
I was
I remember my grandfather, and he died
when I was two and a half.
I
x== *r:ri:.ir.:;
ir., :=
=!=r:{;
wii+:r j
aair-?i
about
Suddenty, my favourite
appeared at the
door and I walked towards her.
3 At that time I was watching on TV.
*t:r *a{t{,er.
4 She had very
Howwell do
you remember the past?
t
,
9u:
".
g
otro.*
:
t
a
b
and
dark
,
and she
the
Listen again and check.
4a
Undertine eight Past simple verbs in the sentences
in exercise 3a.Which verbs are regular and which
are irregular?
b
Circle seven examples of the Past continuous in
exercise 3a. How do we form the Past continuous?
rast saturday
afternoon?
3 How did you meet your oldest friend,
-
dark
always wore a lot of make-up on her
5 White I was shopping in town, I saw the news
on the TVs in
. I went into the
shop and asked
what was happening.
Everyone in the shop was talking about it.
you remember anything that happened to you
r flili"#i['J::HT],
,
months old and I was walking
with my parents - they were holding my hands.
f#"iir,l"
wH
ffi
?iT":ffour
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or your
first teacher and what
ffi,5?1H ?,il,?liiij,*,
have ror breakrast the dav berore
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8 \ What were you doing when
,
Look at the timeline and examples. Then choose the
correct answers to complete the rules.
you heard about
news? (e g the death
il iTfi'fl..lfi"":,:ff '''
I
saw the news onTV while lwas shopping.
J3:F9Rx:
-X
{'
past
-
|
>tuture
saw the
news on TV.
I
At 3 o'clock last Saturday I was watching faotball.
I was walking with my parents when my favourite
aunt appeared.
1 The Pastsimple / Pastcontinuous shows complete
actions, usuaily the main events in a story.
2 The Pastsimple / Pastcontinuous shows actions
3
in
progress at a point in the past. They start before and
often continue after the main events.
We can link Past simpte and Past continuous actions
with the words'when' and
Notice that we do not usually use the Past continuous
to describe states or repeated actions.
I
She had dark hair and
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Llstening and vocabula,y
4
Chitdhood and upbringing
Check the meaning of the words in bold in a
dictionary.Who said these things?Write R (Rafaet)
or M (Mi-Sun/Emity) next to the ideas below.
My parents were very
Read about Mi-Sun/Emity and Rafael.You wi[[ hear
1
them describe their upbringing. What topics do you
think they wil[ mention?
strict. M
My parents punished us sometimes
trouble if we were rude.
-
we got into
lf we behaved badly, our parents stopped our
pocket money.
lf I argued with my mum, my dad totd me off
and I felt reatly ashamed.
My parents got angry if we got into troubte
at schoot.
In our culture, you should always respect
your parents.
Our parents only praised us if we did something
rea[[y excettent.
7 Our parents encouraged us a [ot.
8 They didn't often criticise us.
9 They gave me a lot of confidence.
Work in pairs and discuss. Use the words in exercise 4
to explain your answers.
.
.
Was your upbringing more similar to Mi-Sun/
Emity's or Rafael's? ln what ways?
How wittido you bring up your children?
ls this different from your upbringing?
Mv parents were strict - they
punished us a lct.
Rafael Martin (27), who
is half Spanish and half
British, grew up and
i'ii
went to school in the same part of London
as Mi-Sun (Emily) Kim (28), whose family is
Korean. However, their upbringings were
very different.
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Language focus 2
./sedfo and wos{d
E
i* &1a.= Listen
to Mi-Sun/Emity and Rafae[.
Which things below were:
a
b
c
€
things their parents permitted?
things they didn't permit?
things they insisted on?
Read the extracts about Mi-Sun/Emity and Rafael's
after-school activities. Underline four verbs with
used to and two with would ('d).
My mum decided thot my brother ond I should
both Leorn the piano, so thot's whot we did.
We used to proctise t'or two hours every doy ofter
RafaeI
1 going to bed on time
2 being mean to his sister
3 ptaying in the street with his friends
4 hanging out in town with his friends
5 staying out late at the weekend
schooL ond more ot the weekend. )ccosionally,
I orgued with my mum obout piano proctice ond
then my dod would tell me ot'f, and I used to t'eel
very ashomed.
Mi-Sun/Emily
1 ptaying at friends' houses
2 going for sleepovers
3 going out in the evenings
4
!
5
ptaying the piano
gettingA's in schoolwork
Can you remember anything Rafael and Mi-Sun/
Emity said about the topics in exercise 2?
a:i
After school we used to play in the street with our
friends - t'ootball or skoteboording - or we'd go
inside and ploy glmes on the computer. When
I wos obout 11, I used to love honging out in town
with my friends. I thought I wos reolly cool!
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Wffiffik
Describe a personal memory
Preparation Listening and vocabutary
la
to hear three peopte describe a
personal memory retated to the pictures below.
Find these things in the pictures.
You are going
an
anchor a branch
tree a sailing boat
a cherry
a budgie
a
swing
Check the meaning of the verbs and phases in the
box.Which things in exercise 1a do you think they
retate to?
to be tame to fall off
to get [angled to perch
to
rescue
to fty off
to black out
to float
to get choppy
2.
{l flz.a Listen to the
three stories and match
them with the pictures. Choose the best titte for
each story.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A memorable celebration
A story about a childhood pet
Meeting someone important in my life
Meeting a famous person
A time I got into trouble
A time I was reatly frightened
A childhood accident
trip l'[[ never forget
A day when everything went wrong
A
Listen again and answer as many of these questions
as you can for each story.
1 When/Where did the story happen?
2 What other background information do you learn?
3 What happened?
4 How did the speaker fee[?
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the
Useful language box.
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Fu;1eadg
Find out
first
View
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1a Match the photos with the events
below
.
.
.
the Beijing Otympic Cames
the Bertin Wa[[ coming down
the death of Diana, Princess of
.
Wales
the assassination
Kennedy
.
2a You are going to watch a video about memories of
important events. Before you watch, match the words
and phrases in A with their meanings in B.
A
1
psychologist
2 striking
3 vivid
4 amygdala
5 lay down a memory
6 idiosyncratic
7 recatI
of lohn F.
the first Derson on the moon
Can you put the events in the order
in which they happened?
B
a remember
c
b a part of the brain
c unique to one person and not true of everyone
d someone who studies the human mind
e very attractive or memorab[e
f makes strong, clear images in the mind
g make a new memory
Co ontine to check your answers
or ask your teacher.Which events
do you think peopte remember
the most?
O
Watctl the video.Which events from exercise
mentioned? Are any other events mentioned?
3a
1
Watch the video again and answer the questions.
1
What are the characteristics of a ftashbulb memory?
5
What sort of news or event is associated with a flashbutb
6
Why are deaths often the subject of ftashbutb
2 How long do ftashbutb memories [ast?
3 What is the purpose of the amygdata?
4 How many flashbulb memories do most people have?
memory?
memories?
b
Work in pairs and compare your answers.
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Language focus 'l
#*mpmr"mtfi vms
3
mx'nd
supes"[mtives
Work in groups. Do the quiz above to test your world knowledge.
u-=
+
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E''4.1 Listen and check your answers. Remember one more piece
of information about each question.
e
Underline a[[the comparatives and superlatives in the quiz.
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1
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What are the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives?
tong tatl happy poputar far
2
3
"*
z
4
l.rard-working
Write the rules for one-, two- and three-syilabte adjectives.
Think of two more irregular adjectives like far.
:s|i f;i€
7.'* rzt'=
€.
+ r t: €7,.-.::
=r*
=
Match the sentences with the correct picture.
1 X is much higher than
y.
2 X is a (tittte) bir higher than X
3 X is a lot higher than y.
4 X is stightty higher than y.
!
zs
5
72
:;
y
l.
4li
=.;
r::,:s';= r :z E
".: =;
Complete the missing words in the superlative phrases.
1 lt's the tallest
city
the wortd.
lt's the second/third biggest
the USA.
lt's
the biggest countries in South America.
lt's
far the tongest coasttine in the worro.
5
happy peopte in the world are the citizens of Toeo.
2
3
4
one
got
The--
city
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8
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o1
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are sauPc aql
ur aldoad
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(3ur1.rom-p.req)
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:
Vocabulary
Reading
Features and sights
1a
"l
Look at the words in the box.Where do you usually
find these features and sights? Put them in the
correct place in the diagram below
.."n"i
;;;y ;;"".r, .u,iag"
ctiff docks a factory farmland.
.
a festival a (rain)forest a harbour a hitt an island
;";i;";,"i";
a
cathedral
a
a
a
lake
a
view a village a waterfalt 6affs)
a
palace
market
a
a
shopping
monument
a
mosque
ma[[ a skyscraper
Work in pairs and discuss.Which of these things do
you look for in a holiday destination? What else do
you look for?
.
sunshine and beautifuI beaches
:
:::ffiJili.:Tfi,4;:,jjiLlii'J'"s,etc')
.
.
a museum
a temple
Z
nighttife and shopping
ariand cutture (festivits, palaces, etc.)
the website quickly.Woutd you prefer Landon's
hotiday or Valentina's hotiday? Why?
Rea.d.
Work in pairs.Which pair can find the following
information in the text first?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Landon's university course:
Where in Thaitand the Crand Palace is located:
When AngkorWat was rediscovered:
Where Halong Bay is in Vietnam:
The place where'fu[[ moon' parties happen:
Valenti na's favou rite activity:
The name of a festivaI in Dubai:
8 How long it takes to fly from Santiago to
Dubai:
9 The number of shops in Dubai Ma[[:
10 The name for a traditional market in Dubai:
4c
Look at the readers' comments. Are the comments
for Landon orValentina?
ls each comment
suggesting visit or avoid?
What places would you recommend or not
recommend? Write your own comment for Landon
orValentina to add to the website.
Underline these phrases in the text.Then choose the
correct meaning, a or b.
1
b
2a
Add two more features and sights to each group.
2
Work in groups. How many of these world-famous
places can you match with words from exercise 'la?
3
the Amazon rainforest
1
the Cannes Fitm
h
nl
5
_
8 lguazu
9 the Suez
b
b
r.+ tisten and check.
lt's different from other places.
Dubai is right up her street.
a lt's very close to her.
b lt's the kind of place she'[[ like a lot.
b
Ontario
5 the Hermitage
6 the Canary
7 the Blue
There's... nowhere quite like it.
a lt's similar to other places.
4 ... they're worth visiting...
a lt's a good idea to visit them.
2 Buckingham
3 Sydney
4
... it's a must-see!
a You should definitety go and see it.
b lt's necessary to go and see it.
6
They can be very expensive.
you can't beat these two cities.
a You won't like these two cities.
b They're the best.
...
Work in groups.Take turns to tatk about your ideal
holiday. Other members of the group listen and
recommend places to visit/avoid.Try to use the
phrases from exercise 5.
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'r!'d
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gt't 'erssnu 'ggunA
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alaqf'sal}ll
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ldorp no{
1111
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o1
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]e surnr luanue
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ue seLl ftr: raqlo ]eLlM 'Surddoqs ro+ ]saq aq] +o auo oqe
s,]r pue 'plroM aq] ur sarln SurnnorS-lsalse] aql +o auo s,]l
/rqro
llED
'{ren.rqa1 ro rfuenuel ug
1e1:ads oraqmauos oE o1 sluenn aqs 'uns pue Sulddoqs
sa^ol aqs pue plo s.reaf Iz s,aqs "allll) ruor] s! pu!]ualpn
'sjapear pue suodxa la^erl Jno +o all^pe aLl] ]49
Zno^ ro] {eprloq }o od^} }t,l3u aLl} s,}eLlM
e@rcnw
uo &tstft
,t
t
I think I'm i: ,*
very lucky
compared
to my mum's
3a
generatiGn.
3.F Listen to pan (a9) and her daughter
Jasmine
as they tatk about how Shanghaihas changed.
Check your answers to exercise 1. Did they ,.y th"
same things as you?
h
Cl
(!+l
b
Language focus Z
your answer.
Different way$ of comparing
3
took at the two photos showing the same part of
Shanghai 20 years ago and now, then read ;lt,s a
fact!'Work in pairs and answer the questions.
.
.
.
Why do you think the population of the city has
changed so much in Z0 years?
What are the main differences between how the
city [ooked then and now?
the-streets wereverysimilarto
different from the streets now.
the sentences in exercise 2 again. Comptete the
for comparing in box A with the prepositions
in box
A
B.
oifieieni iimiLir.
fewer less
as
2
the
sime *orse
(x2) from
not ai uusv
to
Choose the correct answers and give reasons.
1 There were fewer /less cars rnen.
There was fewer /less traffic then.
2
In Shanghai 25 years ago:
2
Read
phases
Where is Shanghai and what do you know
about it?
Try to guess the correct answers.
1
Listen again. Overall, are pan and Jasmine positive
about the changes or negative? Give reasons for
/
completely
3 Put the phrases in the best ptace on the tine.
iompteiely Oitfeient irom rUort in. i.r. j,
exactly the same
as
a bit different
from
very similar ro
the historic buildings are the sameas / different
from how they were.
3 o,lder peopte play exactlythesame
different games on the street.
4 younger peopte were notasbusyas
/
completely
/ thesameas
they are now.
5 clothes were r??ore / less cotourfut than they
are now.
6 shops were better /worse than they are now.
7 there were /ewer / more cars than there are now.
;
I
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Kkffik
Provide an insider's guide
Listen to the second part of the
conversation. Match the ptaces Tom recommends
with the ideas in the box.
la
Preparation Listening
Name three famous tourist attractions in London.
Have you ever visited London? lf so, which places
did you see?
1
is
Carta is asking advice because she wants
to know:
,
4 the
the South Bank
1:
iI
i
Shertock Hotmes
Museum
1
ethnic food
the 19th century
oicnics
views of famous buitdings
individuatty designed clothes
a lively atmosphere
4
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the
UsefuI language box.
5
Which of the places thatTom mentions would/
woutdn't you tike to visit? lf you could visit only one,
which would you choose? WhY?
I
,
t
=
theatres and concert halls
free exhibitions
street entertainers
ceer
vintage stuff
ctlbs and nighttife
a the most popular tourist attractions.
b the places that locals go to.
c t[e cheapest ptaces to eat out and shop.
@
*.:
2 Brick Lane market
3 Richmond Park
visiting London for the first time and
asks her friend Tom for advice. Listen to the first part
of the conversation and choose the best summary.
ilF c.=* Carla
Gl
l
PrJ
JLL L.l.ro)Jr
^o
\
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s r.
i
\
r,
3,
-4+
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f,
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d
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q pu{? p aggr"raue1 }n:g*sfl -;
a^ol lt,ncl
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I
Speaking
3
Look at the questions in exercise 2a again.
Travel problems
1 What phrases make questions 1-3 polite?
2 What phrases make questions 4-9 potite?
What is different about the word order?
1a Work in sma[[ groups and look at the picture.
Which travel probtems does it show? What travel
problems have you experienced? What happened?
t
@Watctr and tisten to the key
OWatctr the video of three conversations.
What problem is each passenger having? How does
sentence stress.
he/she resolve the problem?
Could you
phases. Repeat
the
questions and phrases. Notice how the speakers use
tell me how much it will cost?
2a Which conversation are these phrases from?
WriteT (taxi), B (bus)orTr (train).Then watch
again and check your answers.
1
Excuse me ... what was that announcement? Tr
2 One more question: is this ticket stitt valid?
3 Can I askyou a question? ... How do I get to the
4
5
6
7
8
9
Manhattan shopping centre?
Do you know where I get off?
Could you tell me how much it wi[[ cost?
Do you know which platform the 4:38 goes from?
Do you know how long it wi[[ take?
Coutd you te[[ me where I have to change?
Do you know when the next one is?
Which questions are usefu[ on more than one form
of transport?
4
Rewrite the questions in a more polite form using
the prompts in brackets.
ls this seat free? (a question)
Could I
1
ask
you a question? ls this seat free?
Where do I get on the bus? (know)
2 Which platform is the 6:30 to Paris? (tettme)
3 Can I use this ticket on the train? (excuse)
4 What time wi[[the train arrive? (know)
5 How do I get to the airport? (tast question)
6 Where do I have to change? (tett me)
7 Does this bus go to High Park? (a question)
5a Work in pairs. Choose a new travel problem and
write a short dialogue. Try to use polite questions.
Ouestion 2 is useful on a bus or a train.
Act out your conversation to the rest of class.
Which conversation was the most entertaining?
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Lamguage foeuls
1
Work in groups and discuss. Have you achieved anything the other
students don't know about? For exampte, have you ever won an
award, been in a newspaper or played in a band? What happened?
.:-.::,
How many of the famous people in the photos do you recognise?
Checkyour answers on page 131.
Work in pairs. Can you match the peopte with the surprising
achievements in the text?
The surprising achievements of
famous people
has published a best-seliing book for children
wrote over 70 books and won the Nobel prize for Literature.
has learnt to speak six languages and has founded many
schools for poor children
has studied architecture and has designed several buildings.
has rowed from England to France.
.
: Listen and check. One of the achievements was planned
but
didn't happen.Which one was it and why?
:1'
:.:
Choose the correct verb form. Listen again and check.
1
Barack Obama published / has published several books.
ln 2008, he wrote / haswritten a book for his two daughters.
2 Over the course of his tife,Winston Churchittpainted I has
painted more than 500 pictures and wrote I haswritten over
70 books. In 1953, hewon / haswon the NobeI prize
for Literature.
3 Since '1995, Shakira founded I hasfoundedschools for poor
children a[[ over Columbia. she also raised / has alsoraised manv
millions of dollars for charitv.
4 Brad Pitt was / hasbeen inierested in architecture since he was
young, and he designed / hasdesigned a restaurant and an
apartment buitding.
5 Before she was I hasbeen engaged to princeWittiam,
Kate M iddlet on trained / has trained to row across the
Engtish Channel in an a[[-woman team.
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I
Reading and speaking
T
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
A
Did your parents have any ambitions or plans for
you when you were growing up?
What did they do to hetp you achieve them?
Look at the photos ofAndreAgassi and read the text
below.What do you learn about:
.
.
.
.
.
the reasons for his fame?
his
his
his
his
Darents and childhood?
career?
personal probtems?
marriage and children?
".',..."...........:
Andre Agassi is genera[[y considered one
of the greatest tennis players of all time
anU the greatest returner of the bal.t in
the history of tennis.
Agassi was introduced to tennis by his father,
Mike, who had been a tennis groundsman
during his youth. Mike Agassi trained atlfour
of his children intensively to become tennis
professiona[s, but only Andre, the youngest,
showed great tatent.
Andre went on to win numerous championships
and became one of the biggest stars in the
history of the game. However, he also suffered
from drug and other personaI problems.
Andre Agassi is now married to one of the
greatest women players ever, Steffi Gral whose
father also trained her hard as a child. Since he
retired from tennis. Agassi has dedicated himsetf
to hetping poor and abused young peopte, giving
them the chance to have a good education.
Agassi and Graf have not taught their children
how to play tennis.
FIND OUT MORE Co online to find out rnore
about Andre Agassi and pushy parents,
Work in pairs and discuss.
.
.
How old do you thinkAgassiwas when he started
ptaying tennis?
What kind of childhood and upbringing do you
think he had?
Read the text again and mark the statements below
true (T), fatse (F) or not sure (ttlS). Underline the part
of the text that gives you the answer.
1
4
answer the questions.
2
3
Andre feets that no one cares about his ooinion.
He hates his father.
His father wants him to be frightened of
1
4
the dragon.
He feels worried because he can't do what his
5
father wants.
He is more frightened of the dragon than of
his father.
Read the extract fromAgassi's autobiography and
2
3
4
What
Andre doing in this extract?
How does the youngAndre feel about tennis?
How does he feel about his father?
What is'the dragon'?
is
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F* I soall IBou
Mettemns
tifetine
1990
...
@ ISSO I started school.
1998 | started learnino
@
ZO
I moved
@ zooz
to lstanbul with my family.
My dad gave me my first
2008 lfinished high schooland began
studying
at university
Vocabutary
Life events
'l
a
...O-lmetSelim.rrv
Comptete the word map with the phrases in the box.
change job
€Fds€+e
get a promotion
go to university
leave school
make a lot of money
rent or buy a house
get divorced
get a job
have children
lose
yourjob
Pass
your exams
start school
"....9 2012 | left university
fa[[ in love
get engaged
get married
leave home
move house
retire
quit your job
"
and got my first job in
mY
business.
-'s
Language focus 2
Love and relationships
Home and family
bring up your children
Career
Eraduate
Present perfect simple and Present
perfect continuous
1 ffi 4.4 Read Meltem's tifetine above.Then listen
and comptete the gaps.
Use Meltem's lifeline and audio script 4.4 on
b
Work in pairs and discuss.
. In what order do the things in each category
usualty happen? (There are different possibitities.)
. Which of these things have you done?
. Which haven't you done yet?
. Which of these things are you going/hoping to do
in the future?
Look at the words/phrases in exercise 1a again.
Then do the quiz on page 126to check what
you remember.
page 170 to complete the sentences.
1
She lived in Ankara for
_
years.
2 She's been studying Engtish since she was _
years.
3 She's been living in lstanbul for _
4 She studied business for
vears at universitv.
5 She's been going out with Selim since 20
6 She's been working for her uncle for about
.
_
years.
_
years.
7 She's been in the band for about
gigs.
8 They've ptayed about
9 She's been looking for a
recently and she
thinks that she has finatlv found one.
_
_
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Wffiffik
Vocabulary
Personal qualities
1
Read the descriptions below Mark each
one to show if it is a positive quatity (+),
a negative quality (-) or if you are not
sure (NS).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E*
i. l
l\omtnate
someone for
He/She's (extremely):
an award
- charming.
- courageous.
- creative.
- dedicated.
- determined.
- egotistica[.
- inspiring.
- obsessive.
- origina[.
- ruth[ess.
- self-confident.
- talented.
He/She's got strong principles.
f e/She's a strong leader.
He/She cares a lot about
other people.
He/She doesn't care about
other people.
He/She [ikes publicity.
He/She inspires respect.
Add names to three of the categories.
1 A famous world leader:
2 A we[t-known business leader:
3 A writer, artist or musician who is famous
at the moment:
4 A successfuI sports personatity from your
counrry:
A successful person you know
_
persona[[y:
Choose at least three words or phrases
to describe each person you have written
down. Compare and explain your answers
in groups.
Prepa
Complete the sentences to make them true
for you.
1
ration l-istening
Read about the'lnspiration Award'.
What kind of person is it awarded to?
I reatty admire peop[e who ... are
".._;!-
caurageaus and have strang principles"
2 | never trust people who ...
3 | don't like people who ...
4 lwish lwas (more) ...
Look at the photos.Which peopte have you
heard of? Why do you think they might be nominated
for the Inspiration Award?
tJe
#
*.u-+.ts Work as a ctass. Choose three people from the
photos and listen to their nominations.What reasons do the
speakers give for each nomination?
Listen to the same three nominations again.Tick the phrases
you hear in the Useful language box.
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Fin{ out first
View
Have you heard of Charles Dickens?
Have you read any of his book or
seen film adaptations of them? lf so,
3a You are going to watch
a video about Charles Dickens and
how his childhood influenced his work. Before you watch,
check you understand the meaning of the words and
phrases in the glossary.
what were they about?
Glossary
the disadvantaged
the oppressed
Za Work in pairs.Try to answer the questions below.
1
2
When did Dickens [ive?
Which of these famous novels
a
did he write?
.
Anna Karenina
. OliverTwist
. Huckleberry Finn
. Emma
. David Copperfield
3
What other novels is he
Apart from his novels, what
a
factory in the past that made
compassion
boot polish
caring about other people and
to be in debt
their problems
to owe money that you cannot pay back
OWat.tl the video and
read the statements below.
Who do they describe: Dickens the chitd (C), Dickens
the writer/man (W) or Dickens's father (F)?
famous for?
4
blacking factory
poor people who have few opportunities
people who are treated unfairly and have
few rights
is
Dickens known for?
1
His work has always been popular. W
2 He had a very successfuI career.
3 He grew up in a comfortable home.
4 He got into debt.
Co online to check your answers or
ask your teacher.
5 He was sent to prison.
6 He had to work long hours in a factory.
7 He spent a lot of time walking the streets of London.
8 He cared passionately about the poor.
Search: Charles Dickens + biography/
facts
4
Simon Callow is a famous British actor and a biographer of
Dickens.Watch the video again and tick four reasons that
he gives for admiring Dickens.
.
.
.
.
.
.
seems very human and reat.
rea[[y wanted to make the world a better place.
was an extremely poputar and successfulwriter.
was very passionate about what he believed in.
was funny, clever and knowledgeable.
What he wrote about is sti[[ relevant todav.
He
He
He
He
He
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C
zXST
CENTU
Have you ever wondered whether you
have the skill that you need to succeed in
the 2lst century? We have the answers.
T
Keep $earning
Ten years ago, nobody was designing apps for
mobile phones or using social media to reach
new customers. Now these are popular jobs for
graduates. As the world of work changes, we
need to change, too. In the past, you just had to
ask your uncle to get you a job in his company.
These days we need to ldentify our strengths
and constantly improve our skills. Business guru
Heinz Landau suggests spending ten percent
of your time on personal improvement; for
exampie, learning a language or a new computer
programme. As somebody once said, 'lf you work
hard on your job, you can make a living. But if
you work hard on yourseli, you can make
a fortune.'
2
S*n't b* afrnid of failure
If you don't believe me, look at Thomas Edison, the inventor of the flrst
light bulb, or Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedla. Edison tried at least
6,000 dilferent materials for his light bulb before flnding one that worked.
That's 6,000 failures to flnd just one success. And before Wikipedia, Jimmy
Wales had tried and failed to start several internet businesses, but none
of them was prof,table. Failure, however, didn't upset Wales. It gave him
useful experience and knowledge. When you work for a company, though,
it's worth remembering the words of famous British businessman, Alan
Sugar: 'l don't mind mistakes. I just don't like people making them twice.'
FIND OUT MORE 6o online
to find out more about jirnmy
-S/ales
and Nupedia or any of the other peopte in this article.
Reading
Work in groups. Think of three important ways to 'get ahead'
in your career.
think the rnost important wav to get
aheaC at work is tc Lle nice tc your b*ss!
1
''i ::
;:
r=i::
z:l
=
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r:.4 i3 ;.' i ; 1 ;; I 2.; i
Read the article. Did you come up
as the author?
a
-
*
t a:..).
.t Zi-; :
:
=.
with any of the same ideas
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Language focus
Future forms
T
z
1
e
Are you ambitious or not? Do the quiz to find out.
b
Turn to page 127 and add up your score. Look at the
quiz results to find out what it means.
Whether you're already in a career or
you're just about to enter the world of
work, find out if you're ambitious enough
to succeed.
1 You find out that your local college is running
a course next term that will be useful for your
career. How do you react?
a You enrol immediately and pay for it yourself
b You decide that you're going to do it and ask your
company to pay.
e You're doing a lot in the next few months so you
decide to wait until next Year.
2 *r:e *f ycur' **licagr:es
y**
g€Es a
Fr*ffi*ti*r:' H*Yr ti+
f**E?
a You're upsetl You intend to find out why you didnt get
the Job.
b You feel a bit jea ous, but you're not going to show tt
c Youte really pleased for your colleague - you think he'll
do a greatyob.
!:=:::1::::.+=::==--':::::::i:::.':':=:-====:=
Work in pairs and comPare your results. Do you
think this is an accurate description of your partner?
.5* Read the quiz again and underline three future forms
with going fo + verb, three future forms with w'll +
verb and two with the Present continuous.
Can you find any other verbs or phrases in the quiz
that express the future?
3 You are about to leave work and go away for the
weekend with your fanrily. At the last minute,
something irnportant comes up that needs dealing
with over the weekend. What do you do?
a You call your family and say that you're not going
b You call your colleagues and try to find someone else
to dealwith the Problem.
c You leave a message for your boss and explain that
your family will be upset if you don't spend the
weekend witn them
4 Sne *f yo*r colleagues
!*ave and yGu'v*
happ*::s?
aEway=
is due
ts go *n rrdt€rrltty
wactt*d h*r" j*b. tr€ha?
a You ask your boss if you can do your colleagues-1ob
while she's away. Secretly, you hope to keep thelob
Dermanenllv
b You're planning to speak to your boss about it soon,
but you haven't found the right moment.
c You're thinking of asking your boss about it, but you
don't want to uPSet Your colleague.
5 What's your attitude towards hard work?
a lt's the onlv wav l'll achieve what I want
b l'm only going to work hard if l'm paid well.
e Hard work interferes with my social life
stat€Et:*s:t **s€ slctEr*arEs** 7*tsr attit*4*
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Language focus 2
.Future clauses with if,when, unless,etc.
1
Read about Sofia and the life choices she faces.
Work in pairs and discuss what you think she
should/shoutdn't do and whY.
Look at the picture.Which choice is Sofia tatking
about in each sentence? Some sentences may refer
to more than one choice.
1
4
l'm going to see a bit of the wortd before I settte
down and start a famity.
l'tt be quatified next year, untess I fait my exams
of course.
lf I stittfeelconfused in a month's time,l'[ljust
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5
travelling next year.
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2
3
person
6
to know.
When we have children and theY go to schoo[,
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These conjunctions
join two clauses (parts) of a sentence'
;;il;;iilt"i.!r'.1.ii,'t1i;n;'
1
Look at the conjunctions in bold in exercise 2.
Underline the verb that follows the conjunction'
2
The sentences in exercise 2 are about the future, but
what tense is used after the conjunctions? What verb
forms are used in the other ctause?
3
ls there a big difference in meaning between the pairs
of sentences? lf so, what is it?
I teave my job, my father wilt be angry.
When | leave my job, my father wi[[ be angry'
lf he doesn't come with me, I won't go.
1 lf
2
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SIR DARREN SWEET is the multi-millionaire owner
of several international companies. However, he left
school when he was 15 and has no qualifications..He
started work on his uncle's market stall and from there
he built up his first comPany.
PR01|1E
I
Nikita Samra
Age: 28 Caree' . L"ained as denList but
works for charity
What she savs about herself:
I
I
tm
amb,ttotts and erL,emely locused.
but I care about ather PeoPle.
Background:
She was highly successful at school
and gained A grades ln all her exams
' She studled denttstry for seven years
at university, but then went to work
for a children's charitY.
. She has won a'Woman of the
Future' award after raising over half
.
a million dollars for the charitY.
3 Freddie Osborne-Davis
Age:24 Career. investment banker
PI|IHU
What he says about himself:
I
I
i thrnk of myself as charming but
ruthless. I am absolutely determined
to succeed. lf Str Darren doesn't give
me a top job, someane else wtll.
Background:
'
.
.
He comes from a wealthy
backgrou nd and attended
a plvate scnool.
Le has a naste s degree 'r
business studies and works for a
large international bank.
He is single and has no children.
a!r!]'1.n:]::'1a'.?a.ia]:1.al*rif,a:...':*]...}:ire:].lJl]:.,l1|1t.,
PR||Illt
S
Mark Eastman
Age: 41 Career: unemPloYed
supermarket executive
What he says about himself:
a
Jlm
disctpl,ned and e,tremely
hatd-working. lve gol msre euper,ence
than the other contestants, and I'm
going to make a success of thts.
Background:
.
'
.
He was an officer n the armY for
ten years and still regularlY runs
marathons.
He worked as a senior manager
in a supermarket chain for l2Years
untiL he lost his job.
He is married with four chlldren
aged six to 16.
3
Melody Pelosi
Pn0nU
Age:27 Career. runs her own
sandwrch company
What she says about herself:
t
) t n rcugh bu nanest and t't e made
my awn way in hfe. lf he gives me thts
oppartunity, Sir Darren won't regret tt.
Background:
'
She comes from a very Poor-
.
background and left school without
any qualifications.
She is the divorced mother of two
.
young children.
She started work on a suPermarket
checkout but now runs a successful
small company.
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Writing
ACV
1
Work in pairs and read the job adverts.Which jobs
would/wouldn't you like to do? Why?
Flat23, Portman House
Belfast Road
Manchester
M36 9tZ
Y: O'l6l 599 376 M: 0788 548 3829
seanrichardson@totalmail.net
TRAINEE MARKETING ASSISTANT:
Botswana Adventures
ry&*s6!"c
Wild African Adventures is a travel company that specialises in
orce- n al letime holidays to Botsnana rn Africa. We are looktng
for a trainee marketing assistant to join our team and help find new
customers. Some travel to Africa may be required. A love of foreign
Final year student in Information Technology at Leeds
l'\,4etro
one-to-one lrarnrng.
Strong interpersonal skills and the ability to work in
adventure, an enthusiastic attitude and an ability to work in a team
are essential.
a team.
Send younCV to Karen Bexley
karenb@wildafricanadventures.net
v.
#
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7
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274*7
ffiE-9
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lim Price enquiries@sitverfitgym.com
{&ff fr&Tt*ru &ru* qu&a*;3r{{*3!{f t'{$
BA degree
**re*-=GVAffi T#€-V?ZE=
High school graduate, Thomas Manly Secondary School,
Leeds
pffiffis&p*&*- ffiffiT,&81$
Full clean drvrng licence. Non-smoker. Languages
English and Hrndi (mother tongue), Urdu (fluent), Spanish
(conversat onal). lnterests include sport, reading and
pnorograpny.
to Marion Nelson marion@newskillstraining.co.net
SECRETARY
Cotd StarApptiances se[[s top-quatity domestic app[iances
We are looking for a friendly, professional secretary with
an excellent telephone manner. Must be abte to type. No
previous experience required, but enthusiasm is essential.
Send your CV to info@gotdstarapptiances.net
WendyYang on 0283 383 128
Za
W.XW{'XXW*Y/*
D^(^"^^-^.,,-;l^Al^
1'clu LrrLc) d\d
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",
l4Jlq U
or ca[[
it simitar or different to CVs
that people usually write in your country?
Read Sean's CV. How is
5a Sean adapts his CV for each job he applies for.
Which of the four jobs in exercise 1 do you think
he is apptying for?
Look at the words and phrases in bold in Sean's CV.
Underline the phrases in his CV which show he is
right for the job.Which phrases come directty from
the advert?
Match them with the definitions below.
1 can get on we[[with people
2 working without being paid in order to get
exDerience
3
someone who has comDleted their course at school
or university
in Information Technology, Leeds Metropolitan
Ur ve's ty (ode to g'adrare ,r Jrly)
New Skills Training is a charity that helps the elderly
and disadvantaged to get online. We are looking for an
enthusiastic and outgoing person with excellent computer
and interpersonal skills to join our team and help get people
online. Previous experience not essential.
Send your CV
gpK$qtrffiffiffiffi
Two month work placement with an lT training company:
- learning how good lT trainers work; helping to train
nennle in h.s r rnmnr.ter skills.
Volunteer for a local charity:
- working with disadvantaged teenagers and he ping them
r6 lo2.p lp\^/ .n-n, r-er SLi lS.
Sitver Fit Gym is a friendly, modern gym. We have a team
of fitness instructors who hetp our customers to achieve
their goats. We are currentty looking for new trainee fitness
instructors to join our team. No previous experience is
required but a love of sport and fitness, a positive attitude
and an abitity to inspire peopLe are essentia[.
Send your CV to
po itan U n rversity.
computer si i ls combined with experience of
Excel ent
4
Read the note below and
find more examples in
Sean's CV.
4 first language
Note: ln a CV we often miss out words which
5 can work with other peopte
6 someone who doesn't smoke
7 and
fas-e final-year studenf in lnfarmatian Technology
are
unnecessary or obvious.
at the Leeds Metropalitan Universrty.
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When Tamara Rabi met Adriana Scott at a local McDonald's @
restaurant, their lives changed forever 'l didn't know what to say
except "hi". I was just so shocked - it was like seeing myselfl' says
Adriana. They were both students at neighbouring universities
in Long Island, New York, and'_
. They shared a birthday,
they were exactly the same height and both loved hlp hop. But the
most important thing they shared was the same I\lexican mother
Both girls grew up knowing thal. '_
. but they had no idea
that they had an identical tu'rn. Then, Justin Lattore, a friend of
Adriana's, went to Tamara's twentieth birthday parqr When he
walked in and saw Tamara, he couldn't believe his eyes. 'l was just
shocked - she looked so much like Adriana,' says Justin. Then
it got clearer - they had to be sisters. In fact, '_
, clearly
mistaktng her for someone else.
Following the birthday, Justin put the two girls in touch and
they arranged the McDonald's meeting by email. As she came
towards me, she was walking like me, talkrng like me,'says
Tamara. 'We have the same mannerisms, the same interests
and got the same grades at school,' adds Adriana. The girls
even discovered that as children o_:
of a really loud noise
followed by a very quiet one. They had another sad lactor in
common. '_
a few years before they met.
Now the twins are flnishing their studies, and they meet often.
'l feel she's my sisteq but our relationship right now is more like
friends,' says Tamara. She's optimistic and excited that their
futures wiil be together: 'We will always have each other We don't
have any other brothers and sisters - we'll grow oJd togetherl
tamguage foeus
ffmm€
1
p*r€ec€
'i.,- Work in groups. Think of examptes of the types of story below
from books, fitms or real [ife.
crime stories /
mysteries
science fiction
/
fantasy
'humaninterest'stories
romantic
ghost
stories
stories
anecdotes
adventure stories
biographies
Which types of story are usually fictional? Write F if they are
usually fictional, T if they are true and B if they can be both.
Compare your answers with other students.
Which types of story in exercise 1a doldon't you usuatly [ike?
Cive examples.
I rlan't usually like fantasy stcries like Alice in Wonderland.
l-;=
:::
Look at the article above. What kind of story is it?
Read the article and answer the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
Where did Tamara and Adriana first meet?
Why was their first meeting shocking?
Who first realised that they were sisters and when?
Say three things that the girls had in common when they met.
What kind of relationship do they have now?
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Language focus 2
Reported speech
EA
Tcnses in repcrted speech
1
Undertine the verbs in the direct speech sentences in
exercise 2a. Then underline the verbs in the reported
speech sentences that you wrote. How do the tenses
change in reported speech?
2
Complete the tabte with examples from exercise 2 and
Work in pairs. Read the beginnings to the
coincidence stories above. How do you think each
story ends? Compare your ideas.
5$
tsrS"3
a tense,
Listen and check. Did you guess correctly?
i Reported speech
Work in pairs and discuss.
. Which coincidence do you find strangest?
. Which one is least strange?
i
i She said (that) she didn't
i wantto
&a Which of the people in the text do you think said
the sentences below? Write their names.
i Present continuous:
1 We'llget married one day. Jung Xiu
2 I don't want to see you anymore.
3 I came in with the comet and I expect to go
out with it.
4 I'm hiring another worker to help you.
5 l've just had a dream about you.
i Present perfect:
Remember the difference between say and tell.
say somethin g: He said he loved her.
te[[ someone something: He told me he loved her.
Look at audio script 6.3 on page 171 and find
the corresponding sentences in reported speech.
Write them next to the quotes above.
I''le always said that we would
get married one day.
see rne anymare.
.
.
R*p*rted q**sticns
3 Find three reported questions in audio script 6.3 on
page 171. Which verb introduces them? Write the
actuaI question for each reported question.
4
What
is
the difference in the word order of reported
and direct questions?
5
f
n what types
of questions do we use if and whether?
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You are going
to read about real-life experiences of
a shipwreck and a shark attack.Which experience
do you think the phrases in the box betow relate to?
Write SW (shipwreck) or SA (shark attack).
the crew of a boat a rubber dinghy a ftare
numb to hold on to let go a life bett
to paddle a searchlight a surfboard
to
bite
to feel
Work in pairs. StudentA:Turn to Page 129 to read
'shipwrecked'. Then answer the questions about it.
Student B:Turn to Page 131 to read Attacked by
a shark'. Then answer the questions about it.
Reatling and speaking
Look at the poster above. Can you think of any
other disaster movies based on real events?
{*
Work in pairs.You are going to read about
Josh Peltz's real-life experience of a plane crash.
Before you read the text, look at the photo and
answer the questions.
1
What do you think Josh thought about as the
2
What do you think he did when he was safe?
plane was going down?
Read the
text and compare it with your ideas
from exercise 2a.
Read the
text again and put the events in the
correct order,
#fi;;;ff:',i. if*;;;
ill
-
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r*;'*r tr'
fl:
a Josh read the emergency information.
b Josh opened the door and got out of the ptane-
c The caotain made an announcement.
d Everyone was silent for a whi[e.
e Josh cried.
f
An explosion happened not [ong after they had
taken off. 1
g The olane crashed into the water.
h A feny arrived to rescue the passengers.
i Some of the passengers screamed.
j The passengers went out onto the wing of
the otane.
Work in pairs and discuss.
.
.
.
What technique did Josh use to survive the crash?
What would do in a situation tike this?
Read 'lt's a fact!'Are you surprised by the fact
about ptane safety?
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Tlr 9:r:r Windpw hy Saki
Preparation Listening and vocabulary
FLH. Munroe (Saki) 1870-1916: British writer
who is considered a master of the short storv.
His stories about Edwardian society were
You are going to listen to a'classic ghost story'.
Look at the picture and information and answer
witty, mischievous and sometimes macabre.
the questions.
1
2
3
What kind of writing was Saki famous for?
ln what century is the story set?
Find the three main characters in the oicture:
. Frampton Nuttel, a young man who is suffering
from a nervous ittness.
. Mrs Sappleton, a distant acquaintance of
.
4
E
&*
i*
*.€ Listen to the first part of the ghost story.
Which questions can you answer? Compare your
g'
answers in groups.
1
Frampton's sister.
Vera, her 'l 5-year-old niece.
2
3
Why was Frampton staying in the countryside?
Why was he visiting Mrs Sappleton?
Who entertained him while he was waiting for
4
What terrib[e tragedy did Vera tett him about?
5
6
What did Mrs Sappleton be[ieve about the tragedy?
What did she sav when she came into the room?
Mrs Sappleton?
Who can you see in the garden?
How did she describe it?
Check the meaning of the key phrases below.
to find a body
a letter of introduction
a great tragedy
French windows
to go shooting
to sink in a bog
to chase someone
to go insane with grief
a cure for bad nerves
snarling dogs
'."
::"
:.il'::
to have a nervous breakdown
to knock someone off their bicvcle
b
Listen again and check.You can atso read the audio
script on page 172 as you [isten.
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first
View
Read the newspaper extract below. Do you remember this
story? Can you guess/remember what happened? Use the
What do you know about Chite?
Try to complete the fact file by
choosing the correct answers.
FACT FILE
numbers in the box to help you.
700,000-tonne block of rock
below ground
{HIIH
Population:
Around 17 / 27
million
Neighbours:
Aroentin:
' ''b*"'"
and Peru
Capital:
/37
Rnlirri:
/ Brazil /
Paraguay
LaPaz / Santiago
/
Tierra del Fuego
Life expectancy:
33
69
miners
days
700 metres
17 days
Miners trapped below ground
In October 2010, one of the biggest giobal news stories of the
year began in the San Jos6 Mine in Copiapo, Chile. The world
looked on anxiously as rescue teams worked day and night to
free the miners. ...
58 / 68 / 78 years
Biggest export:
lruit /copper / oil
Extraordinary fact:
Tl^^ A+--^*l-\aaart
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3a OWatch
the first part of the video and checkyour answers
to exercise 2. Briefty say what happened in your own words.
is the driest /
windiest / hottest
b
nlero nn Ferth
Work in pairs and discuss.
.
.
Go online to check your answers or
ask your teacher.
Search: Chile fact fi[e
expectancy
/
How do you think the miners survived for the first
17 days?
What effect do you think the experience had on
the miners?
c
Chite tife
4
Watch the second part of the video and check your answers.
Watch the video again and tick the two correct sentences.
Correct the other four sentences.
1 San Jos6 was a copper mine.
2 Angelique was feeding her daughter
at home when she
3
4
5
heard the news.
The news made her fee[ physicatty itt.
The first proof that the miners were safe was a note.
Edison stopped communicating with the other miners.
6
Angelique wants Edison to show her more [ove.
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Ententainment and television
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Work in groups and discuss.Which things do/don't
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listen to the radio
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.
listen to podcasts
watch TV online
What are your favourite TV and radio programmes? Which types
of show are they? Find them in the box betow.
cookery programmes documentaries
sports programmes travel news
reality
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soap operas phone-ins
drama series chat shows
':ld:l-I:":l::
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.
.
.
€
There are too many programmes [ike this. phone-ins
There aren't enough programmes [ike this.
We don't have programmes like this.
Work in groups and discuss. How would you like to change
TV and/or radio in your country?
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What's the most amazing fi[m you've seen
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What's the most disappointing fi[m you've
.
recent[y?
1-9 about the quiz'Which verbs in
(A)
and which are passive (P)?
bold are active
Read sentences
1
seen recentty?
What
is
your'fi[m of the decade'?
How much do you know about films? Do the film
quiz above to find out.
:
Listen and check your answers. How many
of the quiz questions did you answer correctly?
What else did you learn?
Danie[was chosen to play Harry Potter when he
was
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 1.
The author, JK Rowting, chose Daniel herself.
This famous actor changed his name to
Fong Si-Lung in the late nineties.
However, he is better known as Jackie Chan'
Jackie Chan has appeared in more than 100 films.
More than 400 fiLms of Shakespeare's plays have
been made.
Avatarwas directed by James Cameron.
A sequel is being fitmed at the moment.
A third fitm witt be made next vear.
Look at the first two sentences in exercise 1a again.
In sentence 1, do we know who chose Daniet? And in
sentence 2?
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she ii suing them for wasting her time. Chen Xiaomei
is suing the cinema's owners because she was not
*urn.i about the 20 minutes of adverts and trailers
s before the main feature. She is demanding a full
refund (35 yuan), compensation for emotional damage
and a written apology. ln addition, Xiaomei now says
that length of advertisements should be published
on its website. In total, they should be less than five
to minutes, she believes.
lnct
\Il *Ft a^I.
Viewers of the Weather Channel thought they were
watchtng a soap opera ... but the drama thev saw
was I00 percent real. Kim perez was pr"r"niine
the weather forecast when her boyfriend, Mariv
Cunningham, walked onto the set. ,How are you?,
35
Cunningham asked. Kim was astonished when
Cunningham went down on one tn""-.- unJro *"r"
when"he said: ,r tove you and I
t,ublic
want to spend the rest of my life with you. Will you
marry me?'Music began ptaying, and
40
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u
y:.lllur map behind Kim was changed into a giant
'Will You Marry Me?'graphic.
'l will,'said a delighted perez. The people
in the studio
began to applaud and Kim started to cry when Martv
11'"n
put the engagement ring on her
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Use the prompts betow to prepare questions to ask
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questions to find students who do these things.
.
.
.
.
.
.
finger.
reacs a newsPaPer every day
never reaos newsPapers
watches Z4-hour news channels
often listens to the news on the radio
usually checks the news on[ine
isn't verv interested in the news
Read the news headlines below. Can you guess what
the articles are about?
German DJ htealrs rccord
W weather presenter gets
on air proposal
Women sues movie theatre
Who's watching the audience?
1-4 quickty and match them with
headlines A-D. Were your answers to exercise 2
correct?
Read articles
Look at your results. Did you find someone for every
question? Which ways of finding out the news are
most popular? Which way do you think is the best?
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Talk about a shcw you love cr hate
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Tonight at 9 o'clock
Freparation V*aabularyr
-i=
What types of entertainment can you see in the
photos? Choose from the words in the box.
musicals
pop videos
rock
b
concerts
films
Prays
TV dramas
opera
ballet
c[assical concerts
comedy shows
acting
scenery
speciaI effects
characters
dancing
the
an orchestra
jokes
singing
costumes the
music
ptot
set
the cast
lyrics
mustc
camera worK
tighting
performances
Write each type of entertainment on the line below.
e&}wmf
':
What are the three most important things for each
form of entertainment in exercise 1a? Choose from
the box below then discuss your answers in groups.
amd [Es*er*img
?=
W@**&YK
Work in groups. Talk about your favourite forms
of entertainment. How often do you see the things
you [ike? Compare your answers.
13+
:* ei 7.:e Listen
to four people talking about something
they've seen.Which questions does each speaker
answer and what do they say?
1
What was the show, fi[m, etc.?
2 Where and when did you see it?
3 Did you [ike or dislike it?
4 Which aspects of it did you [ike/distike?
Listen again and tick the phases you hear in the
Useful language box.
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Writing
A review
Read about the musical Wicked and answer
the questions.
1 ls the musicat successful? How do you know?
2 Woutd you [ike to see it? Why /Why not?
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Read some online reviews
of Wicked. Put them in order,
from most positive to [east positive.
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ffi mr DJ sits in a Bentley
in the middle of the
dance floor
t;
:r
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The nightlife rn Be jing ts
unbellevable. I usually meet up
with my friends around mrdnight
That's quite early in BPT (Beging
Party Trme) First we hit the bars
ln t1e Chaoyd ng)arr dist" cL.
There's a club there called Bling
where the DJ sits in a Bentley car
in the middle of the dance floor. lt's outrageous! Around four rn the
1O morning we often head over to Ghost Street, where the restaurants
are open all night. By the time I get home the sun ls coming up ln the
past we rarely went clubbing. We would usually have a long dinner
in a restaurant and then go to an all-night karaoke bar. But nowadays
there's so much choice and the clubs are always full. In BPT' every night
l5 is party nightl
Kemd&mg emd wscebu&mry
Look at the activities in the box. Tick the things that you sometimes do on a night out with your friends. Cross out the things that
you never do.
cinema
party
watch live music
go clubbing
stay out late
go to the
go to a private
go out for a coffee
have dinner in a restaurant
go to a bar
go driving around town
go dancing
go to a karaoke bar
go for a walk
grab a snack
go home eartY
Work in groups and compare your answers.
Discuss the questions using phrases from exercise 1a.
.
.
.
.
What do you do on a typical Friday/Saturday night out?
What would you do on your ideal night out?
Which activities are most popu[ar with young people
in your country?
Which activities do older people prefer?
Look at the photos and read the photo captions and quotes, but dc
not read the futt article. Answer the questions.
1
2
Where do the three people [ive?
Can you guess what they do or don't do on Saturday nights?
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Language focus
1
Polite requests
1
'! ffi e.f Look at the pictures. Listen and find the
person in the pictures who is making each request.
2u ffi
8.8 Listen to the six conversations. Does the
other person sayyes orno to the request in each
case? What reason does he/she give when he/she
refuses?
b
lU
f|6.3 Listen to the first five requests again. Notice the
polite intonation pattern.
1 Can
I have
the bitt, please?
2
Excuse me, can I get past, please?
3
Coutd you pass me the water, please?
4
5
ls
it alright if I sit here?
Do you mind
if | leave a bit early today?
2 Practise saying the requests.
Listen again and complete the questions and
answers.
PRACTICE
1A:
B:
have the bitt,
_
?
Certainly, sir.
2A:
,
Work in pairs. Rewrite the conversations to make
them sound more polite.Then act them out.
can I get past, please?
B:
3A:
B:
pass me the water, please?
Here you are.
4A:
5A:
_
sit here?
ahead.
a bit early today?
B: l'm afraid I need you here at the moment.
6A:
my bag while I go
to the toilet?
nol
1
p/ease
to Nadia^?
A: I want to use your pen,
B: Yes.
teave
B:
I
fr#a+lt_t€ speak
alright
B: Sure,
Can
.
A:
Pass me my coat.
B: Here you are.
A: Lend me €10 ti[[tomorrow.
B: I haven't got any money.
A: Bring me another coffee.
B: Yes.
A: Lend me your phone.
B: The battery is f[at.
A: lf you're going into town, give me a [ift.
Look at the sentences in exercise 2b. Make a list of the
phrases used to:
1
2
ask if you can do something. Can I .""
ask someone else to do something. Would you ntind "..
3 sayyes.
4
sav no.
B: Yes.
A: Te[[ me the way to the bus station.
B: I don't know this area.
A: Pick up my suit from the dry cleaner's.
B: I won't be able to. l'[ have too much to carry.
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Vocabulary and listening
Social be*raviour
T
e
I
Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and talk about
what'good manners'and'bad manners' mean for
you. Add three ideas to each column of the table.
fl
)
it
i
Good manners
say thank you when someone
helps you
Bad manners
talk on your mobi[e phone in
the cinema
I
I
rl
l
Work as a ctass and compare your opinions' ls there
any behaviour that you disagree about?
da Match the verbs in A with the expressions in
to make phrases retated to social behaviour.
A
B
1
a on both cheeks
to offer *--,
z to share
3 to shake
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
l-^
d^ nrrf
vrl
LV 5V
VUL nh
b each other
=:- c
to kiss someone
to take someone
to hug
to insist on
to refuse
to invite someone
to pick
B
to
Pay
paying
e a date
d
f
the bitt
g home
h an invitation
i
to your house
j
someone uP
k hands
Find the phrases from exercise 2a in the quiz and
underline them.Were your answers correct?
MODERN
Wkiie y*u ;t{"* &ilr, }r** ,?"!e*t afri*m* ln tk* str*et.
L&hat ei*
c
Work in pairs. Do the quiz, then explain your answers
to each other. Compare your answers with the class.
E
{{gt
4*E
*.2 Listen to five excerpts from a conversation
about the issues in the quiz. Answer the questions.
1
2
How old do you think Florence and Ruth are?
What is their relationshio?
Which questions from the quiz are they discussing
in each excerpt?
ABC
y*t: &*7
a Shake hands.
b Say hello.
d
other on one or both cheeks.
Hugeach other.
Kiss each
Ys:* ar* ?:as!v:g a r:l*e! wit*T
lr!*s:*r in a e"*sta*;"*-r-::
b#|rxl a-i* yr** e** rr':it?'i y*::r ffi**ii* g:****?
a Put it on the table and answer any calls or text
messages that you rece,ve.
Switch it to vibrate, then check discreetly if you hav=
any important messages which you need to answe..
Switch it off until you leave the restaurant.
& fri*nei is:vites 1t*{., t*r hsr he:*s* fs:r t9't* ew**i;:g,
tsg*th*r wlth six *tirer 6xests" i,tlh**t *h*eltrci y*l:
arri:r*?
-aa
Listen again.Which answers does each speaker
choose? lf they give more than one answer, in which
situation is each answer true?
Work in pairs and discuss.
.
.
.
Which of Ftorence and Ruth's answers do you
particu [a rty agree/d isagree with ?
Are there differences in manners between
generations in your country? lf so, give examples.
Has the way that men and women treat each
other in social situations changed in the last
30 years?
a At exactly the time you were invited, orlust before
b Ten or I5 minutes after the time you were invited.
c No more than an hour after you were invlted.
d At least an hour after you were invited.
& sl"rr*k*r :* rri*i?!*g fri**#s';';h* *q:s-'l'i;r:r:k*"
}{i:ae sh**iei h* ei*?
a Ask politely for an ashtray.
b
c
Ask if it's OK to smoke in the house.
Ask if it's OK to smoke in the garden or on the
Darcony.
d Wait until
ffiffiff
he leaves before he has a cigarette.
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Preparation
=
l-istenfing
h ci8.6 Listen to seven peopte giving advice and
information about sociaI behaviour.Which topic (B)
is each person discussing? There may be more than
one possible answer.
A
1
Aleksander, 39, from Potand
2 MeL24, from China
3 Lee Kuan,20, from Singapore
4 Simone,28, from the USA
5 Rosa,33, from Peru
5 Ramon,29, from Spain
7 Khatid, 24, from Bahrain
B
a Tips for foreigners about customs and behaviour
in your country
I
b Advice about going out in your city/country
c How to behave when you first start dating
d How young people behave in your country
e Etiquette for various types of communication
(texting, sociaI networking, etc.)
n
tr
e
Work in pairs. Can you remember what each person
said about the topics? Listen again and check.
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the
Useful language box.
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Find out
first
View
€
1a
What do you know about video
2a Work in pairs and discuss.
games and gaming? Try to guess
the missing information in the fact
.
file below
.
Do you play video games? lf so, which games and
how often?
Do you know anyone who is addicted to gaming?
OWatch the video about gaming addiction. Choose the
The industry
TotaI revenue:
best way to complete each sentence.
1
S
The gamer
Average
aqe:
Femate gamers:
vears old
_o/o
Average number of hours
Most poputar game ever:
playing:
per week
The games
Current most poputar game:
Most popular game ever:
2
3
4
Co online to check your answers or
ask your teacher
Chris reacted violently when ...
a his mother tried to stop him using the internet.
b his mother tried to make him go to schoot.
c his mother took his copy of World ofWarcraft.
In South Korea,...
of boys are seriously addicted.
b a sma[[ minority of boys are seriously addicted.
c serious addiction to games is not a probtem.
The Dresenter betieves that...
a parents should stop their children ptaying games.
b parents should encourage their children to play games.
a a majority
c
Search: video games statistics /
average gamer / best-selling vider:
garnes
The presenter is interested in ...
a how to stop children ptaying video games.
b why games are so popular.
c the dangers of video games.
parents shouldn't ignore their children when they are
ptaying games.
3a What do the numbers in the box refer to? Watch the video
again and check your answers.
five
ten
years
hours
three billion
two percent
20 hours a day 85 percent
Work in pairs and discuss.
.
What are the main problems experienced by Chris's
.
What would do in their situation?
parents and SangWook's parents?
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1r
Reading and speaking
!a Complete the sentences to make them true for you. Use the ideas
in the box.
clothes shoes handbags and jewettery CDs DVDs books
electronic gadgets food furniture and things for the house presents
1 I reatly hate shopping for ...
2 | [ove shopping for...
3 I never go shopping for ...
Work in pairs and discuss. lf you could go out and buy anything
today, what would it be? Do you ever buy things you don't need?
Read the introduction to the article and look at the photos and
headings.What do you think the article is about?
3a Work in pairs. StudentA:
Read
text
1.
Student
B: Read
text
Z.
Make notes about these questions.
1
What do you learn about Louise/Andrew as peop[e? (e.g. age, job,
income, where they [ive, personaI tife, etc.)
2 Do they have a lot of possessions? Explain what and why.
3 What reasons do Louise/Andrew give for their tifestyte choices?
4 Are there other people [ike Louise/Andrew, according to the
article? What does it say about them?
What reasons are given in the article for these trends?
b
4
Tetl your partner about what you read.
Read the other text, then discuss the meaning of the words and
phrases below with your partner.
1 a reward (tine 09)
2 a purchase (tine 14)
3 to deserve (tine 20)
4 time-poor (tine 27)
5 a quick-fix solution (tine 29)
6 hometess (tine 36)
7 to seek (tine 46)
8 lack of choice (tine 47)
Work in groups. Choose at teast one question each to ask
the group.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Woutd you like to have Louise orAndrew's lifestyle?
Why /Why not?
Who, if either, are you natura[[y more similar to? In what way?
What do you think it woutd be [ike tiving with or being married
to one of these people?
Do you think Louise has a problem, or is her shopping just
harmtess fun? Exptain your opinion.
Do you think Andrew and Chris witt be ab[e to live the way they
do permanentty? Why /Why not?
Which physicat possessions do you think witt be reptaced with
digital goods in the future? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of this?
FIND OUT MORE 60 ontrine to find out more about
shameless shopahotics and extreme minimatists like
Andrew Hyde and Chris Yurista"
09
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L
I
Language foeus
PRACTICE
X
Deflning relative clauses
3a
t
Work in pairs. Ctose your books and think of five things
that are common today but which didn't exist, or were
uncommon, 20 years ago.
a
boiler
cooker
a
stationer's
a
Compare your ideas with the words in the box.Then match
the words with the correct definitions. There are four
drink
internet addict
password
YouTube clip
blogger
home recycling bin
app store
Facebook wall
wi{i hotspot
photocopier
a vacuum
cleaner
is a machine
coDies of documents.
A
is a
person
_
personaltrainer
decorator
bodyguard
a cleaner
a plumber
a freezer
a dry cleaner's
1A
extra words.
energy
a
a
a launderette a
touch screen phones, iPads...
X
Comptete the definitions belowwith a word
from the box and the correct relative pronoun.
MAKCS
protects
important people from being attacked.
A
podcast
tattoo
A
sat-nav
guyliner
is a olace
with washinp machines
vou can wash vour clothes.
is a oerson
iob is to mend
centraI heating, taps, etc.
A
is a
clean ftoors and caroets.
_
machine
you use to
Match the other words in the box with
the prompts below.Then write definitions
for them usingwhich, that, who, whose or
TWENTYYEARS AGO
THEYWEREN'T PART OF OUR LIVES!
It's a virtual shop which sells applications for phones, etc.
where.
an app store
machlne / keep / food very co[d
A freezer is a rnachine which keens faod
It's a machine that gives you directions when you are driving,
It's a secret word which you use to access computers, bank
very cold"
accounts, etc.
It's make-up men put on their eyes.
1
machine
3
or office
shop / they ctean your clothes for you
5
6
person / job is to paint houses
shop / you buy office suppties
machine / heat water for baths, etc.
/ cook / food
2 person / you pay / clean your house
It's a person who writes a kind of online diary for others to read.
It's a public area where people can connect their phones and
computers to the internet.
4
It's a professronal you hire to help you to improve your fitness.
It's a person whose life is dominated by the internet.
It's a section of your social networking profile where people can
leave messages for you.
Look back at the definitions in exercises 1a
and 1b.In which definition can you leave out
the relative pronoun?
It's a drink which is designed to give you more energy.
Z
Underline the relative pronouns in the definitions in exercise 2,
Two don't have relative pronouns.
t
t
12
It's a drink which is designed ta Eive yau mare energy.
Comptete the rules.
1
... and
3
... is used
... is used
that are used to refer to peopte.
2 ... and that are used to refer to things.
4
to refer to locations and
to reptace possessives.
Work in pairs. Student A: Close your book.
Student B: Read five definitions from
exercise 1. Can Student A remember the
correct words? Swap roles and repeat.
What do you call a machine which
keeps food very cold?
places.
to complete the rules.
1 The retative pronoun in definitions 4 andT can be left
out because it's the subT'ect / object of the relative ctause.
2 In definition 10, the relative pronoun and the verb be
can be left out because the sentence is active / passive.
Choose the correct answers
Which other definition in exercise 2 can you write without
the retative pronoun?
Work in groups. Make a vocabulary revision
quiz for other students. Croup A: Look at the
instructions on page 129. Group B: Look at
the instructions on page 130.
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Language foeus 2
Quantifiers
t
*
&
Listen again and complete the sentences with the
quantifiers in the box. Some quantifiers can be used
more than once.
too
Work in groups. Read about Fadil, Abigail and Joe[.
Then discuss the questions.
.
Have you ever been on a trip into the desert,
trip or to a music festival? When and
where?
Think of four usefu[ things to take on each trip.
Explain why.
Fadit
1 We tetl people to
a climbing
.
I
t
,0
bring
some
a couple of
packs of
warm clothes.
insect repellent
sleeping bag
map and compass
wet wipes
torch with spare batteries
swrmmrng gear
warm clothes
i
a
freezing cold at night, so you need to bring
useful for?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
of
few
plenty
water with us.
2 We brins
plastic bags.
3 lt's good to bring
people forget that the desert is
4_
Can you guess which trip(s) the objects below are
Ntil
a lot of
a bit of
wet wioes.
il
N
many too much
enough several
Abigait
oacked
5
Thev haven't
6
to deaIwith a change in the weather.
| always advise people to take
7
warm clothes
insect
food.
repeltent and
these days rety on a handhetd
CPS navigator. ... but they can break.
we[[ies
sunscreen
-
-
Joel-people
spare batteries.
8 You need a torch with
food with them
9 Often oeoole brins
and they atways regret it, because they spend
high-energy food
(e.g. raisins, peanuts)
time carrying it around and, actually,
there
10
1
are
So reatly ...
ptaces
allyou need is
to buy food.
Which words are countable? Which are uncountabte?
water peopte food bag money
P* i* gl*.3 Listen to Fadil,Abigail
2
and Joe[.Write down
you
six things they say
should take on each trip.
ln the
b
Were your guesses in exercise 1b correct?
battery
Put the quantifiers from exercise 3 in the correct grouP.
1 Quantifiers used with countable nouns: a caupleaf
used with uncountabte nouns'.toa rnuch
used with both: a lat of
2 Quantifiers
3 Quantifiers
desert: wet wipes
Ctimbing:
At a music festiva[:
money!
3
Are these pairs of sentences the same or different?
1 | took a [ot of food with me.
I took too much food with me.
2 We had enough money with us.
We had plenty of money with us.
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Wffiffik
Talk about things you couldn't live without
Preparation Reading
3
A newspaper recently asked some successful people
what things they couldn't [ive without. Read the
texts and answer the questions.
1
What reason does each speaker give for his/her
2
Which choice do you find the strangest / the most
choice?
sensibte?
da
Read the texts again and underline
the phrases that
express how strongly the writer feets.
6
Look at the Useful language box.Tick the phrases
you have underlined in the text.
Task Speaking
1a
Make a tist of five things that yqu couldn't live
without. They can be objects, ideas, activities, foods
or pets, but not peoPle.
Broadcaster ond nov elist
b
You are going to tetl other students about the things
on your tist. Decide what to say about each item.
Think about the points betow and ask your teacher
for any words/phrases you need.
.
.
.
.
.
.
why it's so important in Your life
which people or activities you associate it with
the shape, what it's made of, etc.
what it feets/sounds/tastes
what you use it for
[ike
any stories or memories connected to it
> Useful language a, b and c
e
Work in groups and take turns to talk about the
things on your lists. Answer any questions that the
other students have about them.
3a Which were the most common things chosen in your
group? Compare your answers with the ctass.
Which was the most unusuat thing chosen in your
group? Te[t the ctass about it.
They say it can helP with
colds and flu, but I think
it can help with all sorts
of problems. I use it for
dealing with everything
from insomnia to writer's
block The poet Andrew
Motion drinks it too - so
I'm in good company.
'(aulr Suol
e)
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3a Match the sentences in A with the responses
in
B.
A
1 Can I helo at a[[?
2 Do you have these in a size 10?
3 How did you get on with those? Did they
q,
fit?
4 Can I bring them back if they aren't right?
5 How would you like to pay?
6 l'm trying to place an order on your
website, but l'm having some problems.
7 Have you got a product code?
8 Do I have to pay for delivery?
9 Could you confirm the first [ine of your
I
address?
B
a By debit card, please.
b l'[[ have a look for you.
c Yes. lt's 76b Alton Road.
d Yes, that's fine. Just keep your receipt.
e That's fine. I can take your order over
the ohone.
t
No, l'm just looking, thanks.
g Yes, it's'l L five nine three nine'.
h No, you don't. Orders over f 25 are
delivered free.
Yes, they were OK.
@Watch and listen to the key phases to
check. Practise saying the questions and
answers in pairs.
4a Work in pairs.
Prepare a conversation about
buying one of the things in the box. Use the
phrases in exercise 3.
Speaking
Buying things
phone
machine
a puppy
a mobile
a
1a Work in pairs. Make a list of typical questions that sales
assistants ask in shops.
conversations.Were any of your
questions from exercisel used?
b
O Watch the video of two
2
Watch again and complete the tabte.
i Conversationl ! Conversation2
t"""i";
Cost
Delivery cost
i Other useful information
i
:
coffee
a pair of shoes
a bottle of perfume
a gold necklace
Act out your conversation for the class.
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The
m-mffiffiffi'ffi,'ffiffi
wi ll
surPnse us
The futr-rre ls coming and some people believe it willbe more surpnsing
and more incredible than we can imagine. Read the ideas of three
scientists in their or,vn words and decide for yourself
j:.--,., : :,..: :::"z:: !;;? :::"=
Gerontologist, Chief Science Officer, SENS Foundation
':.-':
;'
#
ffi We will be able to live to 1,000 years old
Doctor Aubrey de Grey is a gerontologist at the SENS Foundation in California. He belier.
that people will soon be able to live to 1,000. In fact, he thjnks that most people who are a
today, and that includes you, will be able to reach that age.
'The human body is a machine that can be flxed. As medicine becomes better and bet-we will almost certainly be abie to beat ageing, just as we can beat many diseases today
I think we are al'eady close to that poirt. As we ge' oldet. our cells oecome damaged th:
natural processes. Along with scientists around the world, 1 am worktng on a detailed p1a'
repair all types of damage to human cells. The project might be ready for humans in jusi
20 years. And then we will no longer die of old age. We will probably live to be 1,000 or::
in excellent health. In fact, I think the first person to live to 1,000 might be 60 already. Ar:
think we're unlikely to get bored rf we live that long. People with a good education and t;:
to use it never get bored.'
Readirng
Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Think about films and TV
programmes you have seen and books and artictes you have read.
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Have you found any predictions about the future in these areas?
- robots and computers
- sDace travel
- life expectancy
What do you think witt happen?
Read the article and find the answers
to the questions below.
1 What does each scientist predict?
2 When does each scientist think it wi[[ happen?
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Language focus
1
Making predictions
When you make predictions there are different
ways of showing how sure you are.
1
of Ray Kurzweil's predictions for things that
wi[1 happen by 2029.Which do you think witt happen?
Read five more
Adverbs with
p uters defi nitety won' t. becorne sm arte
than humans.
Moda[s
Machines rnay welt Laak Like humans soan.
Change might nat came as fast as we think.
comDuter assistance.
Tiny cameras implanted in our eyes wi[[ record everything
we see.
Most communication witt be between humans and
machines, not between humans.
d Poverty and disease wi[[ be atmost non-existent.
e Robots wi[[ say they are alive and demand the same rights
b
It is(n't) very likely thatwe'l! have driver{ess cars"
We're (unllikely to have a cup of caffee with
a
probabty
witt
wi[[ almost
Listen to five people giving their reaction to the
=*.F
predictions. Complete the table below.
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/ may
could
i;;;;;;;
i
rabot.
Put the words/phrases in the best ptace on
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prediction will happen.
€!
being
to
we[[
probabty won't
almost certainly won't
is/are unlikely to
may/might not
witt definitely
i
:
1
2
:
t5r:
3
t)i
r',
:+
5
:5
6
7
Which phrases did the speakers use to talk about the
predictions? Choose the correct answers, then listen again
and check.
Machines
maywell / mightnot sound like humans
in
the future.
We're likelyto / unlikelyto have a cup of coffee and
chat with them.
By 2029, cameras willalmostcertainlybe I definitely
won't be smatl enough to fit inside a human eye.
Poverty will probably disappear / probably won't
disappear by 2099.
It'svery likely I lt'svery unlikely that we'[[ have driverless
cars one cay.
r
is (un)likely to
as numans.
Frediction
order)
Co m
a'There witl be inte[[igent roads and driverless cars.
Human beings wi[[ not be altowed to drive without
iA
will/won't (notice the word
It'tl probabty happen befare then.
B
o%
definitely won't
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What would
you do if you
were Xrxwfrs$hte
fmn ffi #my?
According to news this week, scientists have made an
important breakthrough in inventing a materialthat
would make us invisible, An invisibility cloak like Harry
Potter's won't be ready any time soon, but we asked
people on the street ...
Language focus 2
Hypothetical possibilities with rf
PRACTICF
,E
t
work in pairs and discuss.What would you do if you
were invisibte for a day?
c
Comptete the conversations with the correct form
the verb in brackets.
1
(have) the opPortunitY,
A: lf you
Read
what six peopte said they would do if they
were invisible.Which answer is most simitar to
yours? Which do you think is the most interesting?
-
2
=
Read the comrnents again.Are the speakers
describing reaI or imaginary situations?
1a
|
one
3 -(you
someone
- you,
-
Which sentence below describes:
.
.
someone
l-
a reaI situation?
an imaginary situation?
'1 l'd get a first class ticket to Cuba.
2 l'lt definitety go to Cuba one day.
4
b Which verb forms are used in each? Underline other
examples of would + verb in the quotes in exercise 2.
We often talk about hypothetical situations using f.
Find two examples in the quotes.Which tense is used
after if? Does this describe things that happened in
the past?
Cross out the sentence that is incorrect.
1 lf I were invisible, I would rob a bank.
2 I might rob a bank if I were invisible.
3 lf I would be invisible, I would rob a bank.
/
tisten) to what other PeoPle
said about you behind your back?
(be) too worried
B: I don't think so. I
about what I might hear,
A:
/ ever steal) money, if no
(can)
find out?
one
(never / steal) money. Even if
B: No,
(feet) guitqu
(know), I
(do)
something really
A: lf
(you
/ take) revenge?
unkind to
(try)
to forget
B: I don't think so. |
it and focus on other things.
(be) reatty
A: Mmm. lf
(do) someth
to one of my family,
horrible back to them.
(be) suspicious of your
A: lf you
(you / ever / fottow) him?
(be) a reatty stupic
B: No, I think
(you
that
thing to do. lf |
- wrong,
something
about it.
5
(you
A:
/
(think) he was doing
(ask) him
|
ever
/ travel) first
without a ticket?
B: l'm a rea[ coward, so no,
someone
-(feet) so embarrassed.
lf
l& €i
class
(not
|
(catch) me, |
-
-
1*.F Listen and check.Which sentences do you
agree with? Which sentences don't you agree wi
What would you do instead in those situations?
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Wffiffik
Vocabulary
Society and social issues
G
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
E*
Woutd you like to be the president or prime
minister of your country.Why /Why not?
Think of one thing that you would change if
you were prime minister.
Write the words in the box in the correct
category below.
the wealthy
corruption
health care
racism
unemptoyment
homelessness
defence
rax payers
the opposition
1
Croups in
parties
crime
education
the poor
the government
ordinary people
polIution
transport
poverty
balancing the budget
society: the wealthy
2 SociatDroblems: crime
3 Covernmentresponsibilities:
b
3*
Balance the budget
Can you add more words
educatian
to each category?
Check the meaning of the words and phrases
in bold.Then complete the sentences for
your country. Use words from the box in
exercise 2a.
1
The government should increase taxes for
2
The government should reduce taxes for
3
The government's
4
The government shouldn't waste money on
5
The government should increase spending
6
The government should reduce spending
on
priority shoutd
be
_.
on
*
Preparation Lisrening
Work in pairs and compare your answers.
Read about the Republic of Peakoilia and answer
the questions.
Which of the things in exercise 2a do you
1 What are its six main oroblems?
2 Which problems do you think are the most
think are a problem in your country at the
moment?Why?
Ea
1*
serious?
Listen to four people from peakoilia and answer
the questions about each person.
1
2
€:
=#.3
What do they think are the country's biggest problems?
What solutions do they suggest? Why?
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the
UsefuI language box.
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Find out
1a
first
View
O
What do you know about satellites?
Try to complete the text below by
choosing the correct answers.
1 What is Maggie Aderin-Pocock's job?
2 What food and drink is mentioned in the video?
3
Satellites
The first man-made satellite to orbit
Earth, Sputnik l, was launched in1957
3a
Earth
Match the verb(s) in A with the phrases in
things that satellites do or help to do.
1
I 1977 bythe Soviet Union. There
are now around 35 I 350i 3,500 working
satellites orbiting the Earth. Those in'low
Earth orbit'can be as close as}{0' I 2** I
1967
in'high
orbit' are more than 400 / 4"*S0 /
How many satettites has Maggie used before 9 a.m.?
B
to create
A
I
2,S&0 kilometres away, while those
W.t.tr the video and answer the questions.
keep
2 send and receive
3 orbit
4 deliver
5 take
6 harvest
7 Deam
forecast
fr
I
from Earth. Nearer
satellites travel much faster than further
ones. For example, the Space Shuttle, when
it was in orbit, travelled at around 3,G*S i
3S,0$S / 3S0,00S kilometres per hour.
40,0$CI kilometres
B
a a signaI
to the television
b the weather
c an eye on us from space
d data
e the Earth
t
mitk
g the wheat
h photographs for military use
Go online to check your answers or
ask your teacher
Search: how many functioning
satellites in orbit I low Farth orbit I
high Earth orbit / space shuttle speed
Watch the video again.Which phrases from exercise 3a
does the presenter mention?
4
Which facts from the video do you find most interesting
or surprising? Why?
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..,
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a,
r,t, a,r' 4..t,,
=.:t
:i::ti;:A9f gsr,.l.'r1,
&-istening
,&mnmyix'rg ruflss
i
Work in groups. Think of at least one rule that you woutd find
in these places.
motorways classrooms
airports websites
libraries
swimming pools
nightclubs
parks and open spaces
7 i2' "i";.i Listen to five peopte complaining about a rule they f ind
annoying. Answer the questions.
1
2
Which place in exercise '1 is each person tatking about?
Find the photos that the rules refer to.
Listen again.Why exactly do they find these rules annoying?
Which rules (if any) do they agree with?
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
.
Which speakers do you agree with?
Which other rules and laws do you find annoying?
Do you ever break rules? lf so, which rules and in which
circumstances?
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Reading
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
Are you a member of any ctubs or societies?
Think of three different ctubs and societies.
What rules do they have?
Do you know of any exctusive clubs? Who do/
don't they accept as a member?
.
2
You are going
Read the
Exclusive
clubs
to read about three unusuaI societies'
first few lines of each text and then answer
the questions.
1
2
3
What kind of peopte are members?
What is the main activity of each society?
Which society do you think these words and phrases
relate to?
case to cause damage
to vandalise to solve a crime
an aristocrat a battle
a murder
4
These are some of the world's
most exclusive clubs. But even if
you could join them, You might
not want to!
to surrender
a new recruit
to smash
Work in pairs and have a reading race.As quickty
as you can, find out from the text which club has the
rules below.
They have to be speciatty quatified professionals.
the Vidacq 5ociety
1 They have to have a lot of moneY.
2 They aren't allowed to leave before their
contract
has finished.
3 They have to change their names.
4 They have to pay for everything they break.
5 They can't contact friends or family for several
6
7
8
9
5a
months.
They have to have a strong stomach.
They have to wear an expensive uniform.
They aren't allowed to give uP.
They are allowed to change their nationatity.
at least two
unusual things about each society. Compare your
answers with the class.
Read the article again and underline
Work as a ctass and discuss.
.
.
.
Which, if any, of these societies woutd you [ike
to join? Why?
Are afly of them controversial? WhY?
Do you know of any societies with strange rules?
What are they?
The Vidocq Society
The Vidocq Society was set up in 1990 and its mottc
is 'Cuisine and crime-solving'. To become a member
of the society you have to be a crime specialist.
Members meet every month ln a restaurant 1n
Philadelphia to discuss a'co1d case': a murder that
has never been solved. But flrst they have a large
lunch. While they are eating, they hear details of
the case and use their sh11s to try and solve it. The
photographs that they see and the stories that they
hear during the presentation of the murder case
would stop most people from eating. However,
the members of the society don't mind. They
are professionals.
The sociefy is named after Eugdne Frangols
Vidocq, the 18th-century criminal who became the
world s first private detective. Only 82 people are
allowed to be members of the club (Vidocq was 82
when he died) and new members have to be inviteC
by a committee. Two new cases come in every wee.
and members use their experience to think of new
ways to solve each case. Their fitst success was tn
1991. A man cailed Huey Cox had been murdered
Cox s family believed that the wrong person had
been arrested and when the society looked at the
case, they agreed. They helped the family and as a
result the suspect was quickly set free. The societl'
estimates that so far it has helped to solve around
300 murders.
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IT
ISOInU
Yhe Sxnrsh wsrld *f
I Stlx-aexlt&ry jxxstie*
& fammws
g&th
Cnminal justice in the lBth century was a harsh business
was no community service and few criminals
were even sent to prison! If you committed a crime
and were arrested, for many crimes you could expect
- there
the death penalty.
At the end of the l8th century, lhere were over
200
crimes that could be punished by hanging. As well
as serious crimes like murder and kidnapping,
and urutstsurE.
included burglary,
Iruruucu
robbery,
y, D[ul,lrrrurE,
shoplifting 4rru
uurEr4r y, ruugEr
or Slqdrilrt
down d
a tree
uee ut
Even
EVen ]I
if you were caugnl
caught culullg
cutting Llowll
a rabbit. ir couid resulr in death.
It the iudse was nnore .ni"nt, Lf',. defendant might be
sentenced ro transporLation instead. This meant iravelling
by ship ro Ausrralia. Conditions on the ships were terrible
^-^ ,L^ ..-^-.
*;y. t".i^.. rr.i,
"r^and many prisoners di.d;;
',.,^.
these
mugging.
stealing
l
f
il;
tn.y
iiit.v
hadtodoatleasisevenyears hardlabourbeforethey
r^.- -^^l
^^.-rr L^
--^t----l
good L^L^-,:^,,could
be released
lor
behaviour.
cr*rffi$xaal frmxm
:
the
e€m*?.xv3v
Jack Sheppard was born into a very poor family in 1.702.
When he was six he started to work and at the age of
l5 he became an apprentice carpenter Tn lhe spring
: he stole two silver
his first _
ol 1723, he '_
spoons from a shop. He v\asn t caught ard he soon
burglary: he usually stole from the
moved from '-to
houses where he was workinq as a carpenter
in February l724,buthe
Sheppard'- first
escaped within three hours and continued
uuL each
Lsurr
ur 1724,
I r 4T! but
three
Lr[sE more
rrrurc times
LrrrrsD in
l rtr -_
.l.ruuJs). He'
time he escaped. Tnen on 3lst October. Sheppard
ua shop and stole a black srlk suir . He was arrested
th.e next day for the final time. Two weel<s later. he
Two hundred thousand people - one-Lhird of London's
-i. +,'-a,ol
had ha.^r
become
^^^,,1-+;^population - attended
his
funeral eL^^^...]
Sheppard L..l
^ii^-i^^
-
-
acelebrifyu-.
.
;
I
. .
.
.
.
....: .., ., ,,:,.:..,,,,
,,,.,],.;:L,.
:..:,::..,.,,.:r,:""
trri::r,..,
Voeabaxla*y
#*"t rme mrxd
-
pa.c
r*6sfu rs"ser"$t
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
What was the criminaljustice system [ike in your
country 200 years ago?
Was it harsher or more lenient than it is todav?
Read the text above about criminaljustice in Britain
200 years ago. Answer the questions.
1
2
:i;=
What crimes resulted in capitaI punishment?
What was considered a more lenient option?
The words in botd in the text are connected
to crime
and punishment.Write them in the correct category
below. Can you add any more words?
Crimes
n:urder
Verbs
fo be s*nf ta pris*n
ta contnil e crinE
::
*as
*., iung.d .ottltt.d
... crime
j
Work in pairs. Take turns to remember facts about
Jack Sheppard using vocabulary from exercise 4a.
People
the
...
"rr.rt"a
got.caught
burgling shoptifting robbed cllminat
Punishments
th* death p*nalty
judge
Look at the crimes in the diagram. For each one write
the verb and the person.
a murder:, ta murder, a murderer
'.: Read the story of a famous 18th-century British
criminal. Complete the text with the words in the boi
Sheppard stale fwc silver spcons {rom a shop.
,.:.
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
.
Do you know of any'cetebrity criminals'?
What crimes did they commit?
Why do you think some criminals become famou,
-
::==
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Discuss new laws
Pneparation Reading and listening
Read the suggestions for laws that should exist and
answer the questions as a class.
1 Which suggestions do the photos relate to?
2 Do any of these [aws already exist in your country?
3 Think of one argument for and one argument
against each law
X
l* d :
"g Listen
=
to peopte tatking about four of the
laws suggested on the website.Which ones are
they? What reasons and examples do they give?
g$ffieffiffi
YOL'R VNHW
O: What laws do you think should exist?
A: I think everyone should have to do a short test
on current affairs before they are allowed to vote.
political_harry, 2 hours
-ago
A: I would ban smoking in all public places, even
outside.
e:mc3, 4 hours ago
List€n again and tick the phrases you hear in the
Usefu[ [anguage box.
Task Speaking
T
What laws would you suggest on the website?
Think of your own ideas, then make a list with the
rest of class.
> Useful language a
Es
b
Choose two suggested laws that you would tike to
discuss, either from the website or from the list your
class made.
Make notes for each [aw. Use the headings betow and
ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need.
.
.
.
Your opinion (for or against):
Reason(s):
Examptes or cases that support your opinion:
> l,Jseful language b
3
Work in groups.Tett the other students which laws
you would like to discuss and give your opinion and
reasons. Find out what they think.
A: I would make a law saying people who beat or
hurt animals should receive the same treatment
themselves.
T;ffin, 4 hours ago
A: The long-term unemployed should have to do
voluntary work to get unemployment benefit from
the government.
[/arrin, 5 hours ago
A: I think speed limits on motorways should be
abolished.
2cool4school, 5 hours ago
A: lwould make itthe lawthat if you go and live ir
a foreign country it should be compulsory to learn
the language of that country.
Beverley, 6 hours ago
A: I think adverts should only be allowed to give
information which is true.
1 0den, B hours ago
A: Drivers should have a trial driving licence for a
couple of years before they are allowed to have a
full licence. They should only get a full licence if tf^.ro
have shown that they are safe on the road.
Hyi:
l0 h?yl'"g-9
A: People who do dangerous sports shouldn't har:
the right to free medical care if they hurt themseli:,i
Raymond, 1 day ago
A: I think that hunting and harming animals for sp::
4
Work as a class.Te[[ the class which laws your group
discussed and what your opinions were. Find out
what the rest of the class think.
> Useful language c
should be banned.
Hui, 2 days ago
A: I would change the law so that young people
the right to vote at 16.
birdsong, 3 days ago
l-
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3
Speaking
Write the phrases from exercise 2b in the correct
category below.
Exprgssing and responding to opinions
1
Read
the newspaper article.What do you think
is an
appropriate punishment for the boy?
'
:i
Mark Forest from West Kirby has been sentenced
to 25 hours' eommunity service for robbing a local
newsagent. Mark, who is '16, walked into the shop
on Broad Street and stole t75 from the till. He also
threatened the shop owner, Mr Keith Perry.
2a
ii Expressinganopinion
::ll-'::::q:: :1"::::": i: Respondingtoanopinion
T::f-"-::::g :: -1:l-"-l::::-:l:
i That may be so, but ...
i Terrible, isn't it?
i
and listen to the key phases. Notice how
the speaker uses intonation to remain polite, even
when disagreeing.
4a
W"t.h the video of two conversations about the
crime.What's the relationship between the peopte
in each conversation? What does each person think
about the crime?
4
Mititary service should be compulsory.
The main aim of orison should be to re-educate
criminals, not punish them.
That may be so, but..,
c
I
e
What do you mean?
Reatty? Why do you say that?
I don't know about that.
b In my opinion ...
don't know about you, but I don't think
Conversation 2
a
b
5
1
a
f
Work in pairs. StudentA: Use a phrase from the
table in exercise 3 to express an opinion about the
statements below. Student B: Respond to Student
As opinion with a phrase from the tabte.Try to give
a reason for the opinion you express.
1 lt's acceptabte to send chi[dren to prison.
2 Avoiding tax is not a crime.
3 Att forms of hunting should be banned.
Read the extracts below.Then watch again and
number the phrases in the order you hear them.
d
to be honest, I don't really agree.
@W"t.tt
O
Conversation
But
You have to remember that ...
Terrible, isn't it?
c But to be honest, I don't realty agree.
d I take your point.
don't knr:w about you, but I think that it's
OK to send children to prison sometimes.
I
...
Reeiiy? !'m
b
n*t s* surs" ln 3.; <:pini*n ...
What are your own opinions about the statements
in exercise 4a? Compare your ideas with the rest of
the class. Use phrases from exercise 3.
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Itwrdayou respondwhen
things go wrang?
Some peopte blow their top, some people btame thernsetves.
1'1j;::*; #*;_!,+;: d,:= I l,:+ ?:.e+ tt::!:: :j!':r; i'i*':l ii:.t,
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Yor'ue been working reatty hard and you start to feel i[[.You have
a headache and you feel nauseous.You think:
a l'[[take a coup[e of painki[[ers and it wi[[ pass.
b I shouldn't have worked so hard recently.
c Oh no! This is the start of something really serious.
d Why do these things ALWAYS happen to me????
X You have a meeting with your
boss. She te[[s you that you need
to
improve your performance. After the meeting you think:
a How can I show her l'm better than she thinks?
b I shou[dn't have taken this iob.
c l'd better start looking for i
d
3
new job. l'm going
to lose this one.
She was completely wrong. I shou[d have given my point of view!
tt. driving your car and you make a mistake.You nearly hit a car
coming the other way. You think:
Yo,
a That was unusual! l'm normally a really good driver.
b I wasn't concentrating. l'[[ have to drive more carefu[[y.
c I could
have died!
d That driver shouldn't be on the roadl
4 lft.r
an argument, your partner storms out of the house. You think:
a He/She wi[[calm down.We can work it our.
b I woutdn't have walked out [ike that. It's a bit
si[tv.
c I've lost him/her for ever.
d He/She's such an idiot!
5
Vour best friend is driving alone. She stops to help someone by the sid:
of the road.That person takes her money and steals her car.The next c-,
your friend is crying as she te[[s you the story.You say:
a
b
c
d
lt's not your fault.You cou[dn't have known it was a trick.
I hope you've learnt a lesson.
wouldn't have stopped to help a stranger. Neverl
People like that should be shot!
I
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e.
Work in pairs. Read the introduction below about
a journey Andrew and Debra Vea[ decided to make.
How woutd you feel in that situation? What problems
might you have?
tg
d *a.+What do you think they decided to do?
Listen to the rest of the story and answer the
questions.
1 Did they agree about what to do?
2 What physical dangers did Debra face?
3 Why was day 74 of her trip a particutarty
good
one?
fb
Something went wrong for the couple after a few
days of the race. Look at the key words from the
story. Can you guess what happened?
an experienced rower a co[lision a violent storm
to abandon the race a phobia an oil tanker
to support someone loneliness a rescue boat
to shake with fear sharks a motivational soeaker
l$
*l :Z.g Listen
to the first part of the story and
answer the questions.
1
What experience did Debra and Andrew each have
of rowing?
2 _How did they each react to life on the ocean?
3 "What happened a few days into the trip? How did
Andrew react?
4
How long had she been at sea when she arrived
in Barbados?
5 Who was waiting to meet her?
6 How many days behind the winner was she?
7 In what ways has her life changed since then?
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
.
What do you think Debra and Andrew's behaviour
shows about their characters?
Do you think they made the right decision?
lf not, what do you think they shoutd have done
instead?
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Reading
Vocabulary
Problems and solutions
t
Work in groups. Have you ever found any of these
decisions difficutt? Discuss how you make decisions
in these situations.
nead about a probtem that
Frank had in his tife. Check
the meaning of the words in
bold.Then put the sentences
in the correct order.
.
.
.
.
.
Until one dav he realised he
had a problem with his marriage.
The friend was sympathetic and told him
to trust his intuition.
Frank was happy. He
{.
didn't have a care in
the world.
But it didn't go away and he began to
lose sleep over it.
e Together they sorted the problem out.
f
Read the text about making decisions and answer
the questions.
1
2
3
Finatty, Frank made a decision. He talked
to his wife about his concerns.
g At first, Frank tried to ignore the problem.
h So Frank talked it over with a friend and
Match the words and phrases in bold in exercise
1
1
with the definitions below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
to disappear go away
to have nothing to worry about
to solve (a probtem)
to discuss a oroblem
2
.
.
Frank is very worried about a member of his famity
who is behaving strangety.
Frank has a secret in his oast and he is worried that
his wife/friends wi[[ find out.
Frank is having problems with his colleague/boss.
Frank is very worried because ... (your ideas)
3
from exercise
1.
Frank was t uppy" He didn't have a care in the
warld. Until one day he realised he had a problem
with his 1ob. The problem was he didn't trust his
boss, because he suspected him of stealing"
4
Read your story
best? Why?
to the ctass.Whose story do you like
hasn't been driven much?
Which type of decision-maker (rationa[, intuitive
Who (Coizueta, Cladwell or Rhinehart):
a
b
4
4
made a bad decision?
made the right decision?
What were the decisions in 3a and b above?
Why were they good/bad?
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
.
Decide the details of the probtem.Write the story of
the new problem together, using at least five phrases
Which car in the introductory paragraph:
a uses a lot of oetrot?
b breaks down a [ot?
or fatalistic):
a doesn't learn to make better decisions?
b doesn't make ouick decisions?
c doesn't understand why he/she makes
a oarticular decision?
to pretend you can't see or notice something
to decide
to not [ike something
to be kind and witting to [isten
5a Work in pairs. Choose a problem from the list to
write about. Decide whether to make the story sad,
funny or just awkward.
.
Match headings a-c with paragraphs 1-3.
a Be intuitive
b Be logical
c Take a chance
c
things you worry about
1O to believe in your feelings
11 to be unable to sleep at night because of something
.
Which decision in paragragh 1 is the writer making?
What decision does she make in the end?
Read the text again and find the answers to the
questions betow
asled his advice.
e
what to wear
what to eat in a restaurant
whether or not to appty for a job, do a course, etc.
which car to buy
whether to start or end a retationshio
What do you think of Luke Rhinehart's method
of making decisions?
Why do you think he chose to live his life in
this way?
Have you ever made a decision by:
- making a list of pros and cons?
- following your intuition?
rolling a dice or tossing a coin?
. -Which method in the text is best for making
decisions, in your opinion?
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Dilemmas
leuisited
Discuss dilemmas
Preparation
Reading
What did they
la Read the introduction to the probtem page. Do you
ever read problem pages? How is this one different?
msxt?
Every month we feature readers' letters
on our problem page and try to give
out good advicel But what do readers
actually do? This month, we have
tracked down three readers whose
problems were featured two years ago.
Read their original prololems, then read
Work in pairs. Read the titte of each problem and
guess what each problem is about.
Read
dCI
the problems and check your answers. Do not
look at page 131 yet.
what they decided to do on page
"13'1
,
2a Work in groups of three. Each student reads one
of the problems again to find the answers to
the!uestions.
1 Which people are mentioned in each case?
2 What exactly has each person done?
3 What exactly was the situation at the time that the
letter was written and whv was the writer worried?
f-l'n23
I
and recently lcelebrated three
years together with my girlfriend Vaness:
(she's 22). I asked her parents if I coulc
0r000se to her
Close your books and summarise the probtem to the
-
I'm a bit old-fashionec
I guess. Her parents
other students.
were really pleasec
and suppofted me. But when I asked he"
t0 marry me, sne was angry necause
Task Speaking
at the moment', This really upset me.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
b
immediately. When I told Vanessa and
asked her to move to the new town
v/r:
What did they do right/wrong?
What other options did they have?
What would you have done in their position?
wants t0 stay together, but she doesn:
Larry
want to move and she still says that s-=
doesn't want to get married yet. She s
Vanessa
the love of my life, but l'm really confusm
me, she was really angry. She said tha-
should have asked her first She says sfir
about what to do. Some of my friends
Vanessa's Darents
Oscar
His oarents
say I should split up with her and take
the job, but what if I never meet anotr."
person like her? Larry
Astrid
Astrid's husband
The mother-in-law
> Useful language a, b and c
2a
L-l
we didn't talk about it any more.
A month ago I was offered a great n?llr
job in a town 300 miles away. I said ye:
Make notes about the people listed below
thinking about questions 1-3. Ask your teacher for
any words/phrases you need.
1
2
I
had talked to her parents and said'not
Work in groups and compare your answers to the
questions in exercise 1.Try to reach an agreement
as a group about what you woutd have done.
Present your ideas to the class. Do other groups
agree with you?
3
Read what each person actuatly did on page 131 and
answer the questions.
1
What did they decide? Was it what you expected?
5
Which was the most difficult problem?
2 How do they feel about the situation now?
3 Do you think they made the right decision?
4 What do you think they should do now?
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first
Find out
View
Look at the photos of London
and New Zealand and answer the
questions.
1
What do you think are the
2
advantages/disadvantages of Iivi ng
in each olace?
In what ways do you think life is
similar/different?
2a
knowledge?
>lKi
i
:.
i
: Scenery/
i landscape
!
i
:
:
;
b Go online to complete the table or ask
your teacher.
Search: New Zealand
facts
a big
puII
to emigrate
colloquiaI phrase used by British people to
refer to Australia and New Zealand
things you do outside (e.g. watking, ctimbing,
camping)
very attractive
to move permanent[y to another country
about these things? Make notes.
1 lmogen and Charlie's life in the UK
2 the lifestyle in New Zealand
3 their family situations
4 job prospects in New Zealand
Watch again and complete your notes.Which things
attract lmogen and Charlie to New Zealand? Which things
do not attract them?
i
i Climate
Glossary
down under
OWatctr the first part of the video.What do you find out
uK
'- 'o--o- \-,
:: ranguage(sJ
You are going to watch a video about lmogen and
Charlie, a British couple who are thinking of moving to
New Zeatand. Before you watch, check you understand
the meaning of the words and phrases in the gtossary.
outdoor pursuits
Discuss in pairs.What do you know
about New Zealand? How much
of the information in the table can
you complete from your general
i:':Offciat
3a
/
UK geographical
4a At the end of the video, the couple vote where they want
to [ive. How do you think they witt each vote? Watch the
second part of the video and check you answer.
Work in groups and discuss.
.
.
.
Were you surprised at the decision each of them made?
Why do you think they made that decision?
What wou[d vou have decided in their situation?
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Unit 4:Voeabulary
Unit 3:Vocabulary
ffixercfimm
#, pagm
ffixmr"e$sm
ffi'f;
I
fr, pmge
4#
Which three phrases need the word a? (3 points)
get promotion buy house get.lob start school
go to un.vers ty ieave home 'nove house
2 Which word isn't preceded
ch ldren divo.ced engaged
3
by get? (2 poinrs)
Match the verbs with the noun/adyective they
were used with on page 40. (7 points)
move
bring up
3 fall
4lose
5 make
9 putt
7 rent
1
2
a an exam
b in love
c
children
f
yourjob
d ahouse
e money
g
house
4 Complete
I
2
3
4
Unit 4: Language focus
ffi*"mm,t*sw- ffixmrm$s* ffi, pmgm
.
.
'l
/
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money
win a prize / a competition /
go to the battet / the opera / a classical concert
visit a country I a city / a famous monument
climb a high mountain/buitding
go pa rachuti ng/skiing/sailing
drive a bus / a lorry I asports car
ride a horse / a camel / a motorbike
break your arm / leg / something very valuable
lose a lot of money / a credit card / an important
document / your mobi[e phone
steaI somethingl
ii
_
four years.
She eot
_
divorced
Unit 5:Vocabulary
ffimwnsfisw Hm- pmgm
1 lmagination
2 success, faiture
3 Knowledge
4 profit
up
her hushand after iust
six months.
SH
meet a famous Derson
see a famous singer/group perform live
ptay in a group
sing in a choir
learn a musicaI instrument
be on TV / in the newspaper
the sentences with io, with or from.
He got married
his brothers ex-wifel
Unfortunatelv, he's iust split
h;s sirlfriend
Shes been engaged
her boyfriend for over
4H
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Unit 7: Language live, Speaking
tr
fffr
ffimmrq$sw
4a
lreland
550,000
km, i 69,000 km, i
Hsw crowded
is the
country?
per km'
F{ow many
toi.rnists are
241,000 km,
52 peopte
24'l peopte
Per Km'
per
Km'z
,''.',.,',: /5 mrtuon : b.5 mrtilon
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Dublin
1.2 mittion
London
/.5 mrtuon
the instructions on the cards below and invent
a telephone or face-to-face conversation for the
Read
situations. Act out your conversations.
Student A
You are going to invite Student B to see a show with
you. Decide the detaits before you start.
Choose the type of show: a rock concert / a film /
a ballet i a ptay / a musical.
Decide how to invite him/her: by phone /
in person.
Choose three or four dates when you are available.
there pen
r:::
Wlrat is the
population of
th:
i
*::: :ilvi
2.2 million
:
:
i Paris Chartes
i de Cau[[e
i Airport:
l"{ow busy
is the rnain
airpont?
Dubtin
ir"o""
Airport:
1B mi[lion
Heathrow
Airport:
: b I mrtuon
bv mrt[on
4, pmge f,#
NB You are very persistent and make a lot of
alternative suggestions if B says that he/she
can't come.
Student
B
Student A is going to invite you to see a show.
Decide the detaits before you speak.
1
Circte the shows you want to see and cross out the
ones you don't:a rock concert / a film / a ballet /
2
Think of some excuses in case you don't want to go
(you are revising for an exam / your cousin needs
you to babysit, etc.).
Uralt 10:Voeabulary
ffimmrmcse 4m,
pmg* #f,
aptay/amusical.
Student A
don't really have the same taste in shows
aren't too keen on going, but you don't
want to offend A.
NB You
as A and
bittion
l:p:1'I:Average nurnber
5..7
mittion
Swap roles and repeat the activity. Act out your
conversations for the class.
of vlsitors {per
v:::l
-25.C / 33.C
Minirmurn/
maxirnurn
l:*r:::1Y::'
ffi:cmrmfime ffi,
Fthnic groups
93o/o Han Chinese
7o/o
Kilormetres of
Unit 5: Lamguage [ive, Speakimg
road
i
pmg*
,ffi5
Student A
other
3,860,800 km
Ayr::t:
You are catling Travel Direct to find out about some
airline tickets you ordered.You want to speak to
Sandi E[[iott.
i Kilometresof i
i csasttine
i
14,500km
(Student
1
B answers the phone.)
Ask to soeak to Sandi E[[iott.
Cive your name.
Exolain what the ca[[ is about.
Ask if she can ca[[ you back.
2
3
4
5 Cive your phone number: 07881
6 Say goodbye.
334811.
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Unit 5: Lamguage [ive, Speaking
Unit X0:Vocabulary
ffimwn*$mm ffi- pmgm
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Student
SS
Student
B
#H
B
You work at Travel Direct answering the telephones.
Sandi E[[iott, your boss, is in a meeting at the moment.
United Arab
Emirates
(Student A catts you.)
Answer the ohone.
'l
2
3
Ask who is ca[[ing.
Ask what the ca[[ is about.
4 Explain that Sandi is in a meeting.Ask if you can
take a message.
5 Ask for the ca[[er's number.
6 Say you witt tell Sandi. End the conversation
potitety.
Poputation
5 mi[[ion
Average number of
t5 mrtuon
visitors {peryear}
150C
I
Ethnic groups
50% Asian
42% Arab
8% other
:
i
Unit 12: Language focus
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/ 40'C
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i
1
Kilornetres of road
4,080 km
:""""""
i Airports
ff
!
i
.41
Kilometnes of
1,318 km
eoastline
How do you respond when
things go wrong?
Mostly a: you are CONFIDENT
rra rnnfidani,. -,
rnrl- n
-prmrsrc. vvnen rnrngs go
wrong, you try to resolve the problem. You look to the
future, not the past, but you sometimes find it difficult
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at all emotional. Sometimes Vou want to feel more
oassionate.
Mostly c: you are FEARFUL
You are a bir of a worrier You think about the future
a lot and you worry about what might go wrong. You
rend to panic when things go wrong. You so'nelirles
wish that you were more adventurous.
Mostly d: you are EMOTIONAL
When things go wrong, you sometimes blow your
ton Vnr . dnn'f helipvp lhar rrnr t arF F\lpr \^/rarno rtr
make mistakes. You tend to blame other people for
rs have
with
oroblems. You son ettmc_
..*. _ _biso arsumenrs
_. oyour fr,ends.
lt
1
Frmctfiem, ffixee"c&mm B, pmge ffiffi
Group B
r.
Mostly b:you are LOGICAI
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mistakes ard you try to learn fror,r them. You are not
i
Unit 9: Language fCIcus 1
3a
Choose eight words or phrases and write questions
for them using relative clauses.
What da vou call a Ders>n wha ...
a colteague
a distraction
a leader
a palace
ti"..ri
a wett-paid job
an athlete
?
joke
qualifications
a
an award
a reward
Take turns to test Croup A.Your teacher will give
you two points for a good question and two points
for a correct answer to Group A s questions. The
team with the most points at the end wins.
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3
SHORT QUE5TIONS AND QUESTION TAGS
A: My
Questions and short answers
brether's gone
fo
live in Austratia.
S: fCas&el
Yau wer* ai home last night,
were*'t yau?
1 Auxiliary verbs
We use be, have and do to form tenses, questions and negative
forms, and we use them in short answers, question tags, etc.
tr?*ffiqrl
In a[[ these cases they are called auxiliary verbs.
.
.
.
1 Choose the correct auxiliary verb.
We use be (+ verb + -ing) to form continuous tenses.
Present continuous: l4e'sstudylngto become a doctar.
Past continuous: I was fa{fci*g ta tharles tlte *ther day"
We use have (+ past participle) to form perfect tenses.
Present perfect: Vle've bee* here for three montlts.
Past perfect: The film had started wltefi we gotthere.
1 Where are / do your parents come from?
2 Johnny is / has got'16 cousins!
3 | reatty enjoyed the concert, but the others we ren't I didn't.
4 A: Have you got any money with you?
B:
5
We use do in simple tenses (in the question and negative forms).
Present simp[e: Do aLl yaur family {ive raund hereT
Past simple:
i didtt't getyour
.
In conthuous and perfect tenses, questions are formed by
.
inverting the subject and auxitiary verb.
ts he studying to became a d*ctor7
i-iav's long kave yawr brather and sister llved hereT
In simple tenses, we adddo/does ordid(see above).
Wfuere...?
.
Whit?2...V
why "..?
l#h*se.""i
Vli:et s*rt *{.."?
Haw...?
ttlhattint* "".?
How*fter.."?
How aid ...?
Where exact!" . .?
Why exactly .."7
iRuxiliary i i"oi".i
t*-.,
i *::11 i ::'b_
i What i
i time
..
"" -.':"
What kind
of music
i
i
i
il*J,
! "t.:
:
i your friends i arriving?
are
i where i ao
!
3
were your parents born, in China or in America?
your new car going?
do vou have lunch normallv?
you studying at university?
do you want: red or blue?
_
books do you like?
bag is this?
_
do you go to the gym?
Put the words in the correct order
to make questions.
1 the rest of your famity / speak / do / Engtish ?
2 your aunt and uncle / children I have / many / how / do ?
3 your brother / which / go I gym I to / does ?
4 go / what / out / you and your friends / do / time ?
5 born / were I where / your brothers and sisters?
6 apptying / you / which / Lo / are / university ?
Notice the word order after most Wh- ouestions.
:
:
7_
8_
What ca!*ur ...?
!-iowmush...?
What exactly .."?
How is /does your course going?
4 What _
5_
_
6_
_
Vllzat kind af ...V
How many ...?
7
3
What...?
Wito...?
W:ish baak/ seha*tfw* man, etc. ...7
6
1_
2 _'s
We form many questions with wh- words and phrases.
V'lhert ...V
don't / haven't.
2 Complete the questions with suitable words.
3 Mr- questions
.
I
isn't / doesn't.
email.
2 Auxiliary verbs in questions
No,
Where were I did you born?
My boyfriend tikes my new hairstyle, but my mother
:
i
:
Present simple and Present continuous
.!.....i
"'
other i tive?
students in
i
your class i
.'..',.'''''.-'..'.'.'''''. "..'.''..''...'.i
your boyfriend i listen to?
the
does
1 Present simple
i
:
:i- "1"
i
i*
::
l/You/We/They work.
He/She/lt
work.
i
:
l{I_::1*-:1't"v
don't (= do not) work.
4 Auxiliaries used on their own
He/She/lt doesn't (= does not) work.
SHORTANSWERS
Do l/you/we/they work?
.
.
These can make the speaker sound more polite/interested.
&:
#av* yo:.t b**t: lsere
8:
Y*s, iFeave,
**f*re7
We also use auxiliaries to avoid repeating long sentences.
A: **es y*::r family
*:
liu'*
i*
Farls?
l4y f*ther 6aes, isut mv ;x*tit*r doe:n't.
;;;;;./ilil;;
We use the Present simple for:
. repeated actions or habits. We ga aut *ver-v Saturday night.
. something we see as permanent. t41,: sister warks in a bas:k.
. describing a state that doesn't change. ! l**kiike my m*tn*r
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9
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2 Complete the
PEOPI-E AROUhID YOU
-- oLvud,',rd,
^--,,^i^+---^ ,LE
o'
grandParents
a best friend
a half-brother
a boss
a mother-in-[aw
a ctassmate
a neighbour
a co[[eague
a niece
a coustn
an old school friend
an emPloyee
an older sister
an ex-girlfriend
a relative
'
a
sentences
with
a suitable verb in
the correct
form.
flatmate
1
2
3
4
5
_
6
7
a stepmother
a grandchild
out with your friends?
Where do you _
to the gym?
You look fit. Have you been _
| spend two hours a day _
to and from work.
paperwork.
| spent last night _
on her make-up and
How long does it take her to
a stranger
B
9
10
11
EVERYDAY ACTIVITIFS
chatting to friends and colleagues
commuting
doing nothing
going to the gym
doing paperwork
ptaying video games
doing the ironing
putting on make-up
hanging out with friends
looking after chitdren
doing your hair
relaxing
going on social networking sites
texting
tidying up
going shopping
her hair?
after your children
- when you go out?
nothing at
Sometimes I tike to stay at home and
the weekend.
Coutd you please
up your room?
- lt's a real mess.
the ironing.
Come round, l'm really bored * l'm
video games.
My children spend- too much time
this
l've had such a busy week, ljust want
- to
Who
_
-
weekend.
12
Our boss has told us to stop
networking sites at work.
_
-
on social
OTFIER
to appty for a course
to be home for the holidays
a digital native
to exercise intensively
to multitask
grumPy
to spend time + -rng
to train to be a doctor
to waste time + -ing
productive
to put[ a face
1 Which statement best describes you? (Be honest!)
a social worker
I'm really into ...
an internet addict
I qcAenei
a
b
c
a
Ask your teacher questions in Engtish rather than
b
Try
in your own language.
10
'1
to understand the teacher's explanations in
Engtish rather than asking for transtations.
She's my girlfriend from the past.We're not together now.
c
She's my father's new wife.
d
that I know.
e
f
She's my sister's daughter.
He's my husband's father.
Speak as much as you can during pair and group work.
Answer as many questions as you can, even if you
are not sure of the answer.
Use a monolingual dictionary.
Explain things to your partner or group in Engtish.
She's my manager.
He's
mylrcnd Llherc dlalrryilh.
He's someone who works in the company
I own.
She's my aunt's daughter.
He's someone who lives in the house next
3 Why are the tips in exercise 2 useful? Choose two which
you don't normatly do. Copy them onto a piece of paPer
and stick it on the cover of your book so that you read it
every lesson!
to mine.
1 She's someone in my Engtish class.
12
He's someone in my family.
4
n
remember. tr
tatkingl n
a
word or phrase
She's my big sister.
He's not someone
me.
2 Which of these things do/don't you normalty do?
1 Replace the underlined phrases with
that has the same meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I try to use English in class alt the time, even when
it's very difficutt for
I try to use English in class when I
l'm a bit tazy and let other peopte do the
On page 7,you learnt eight useful classroom questions.
How many can you remember? Test yourself, then check
your answers in audio script 1.3 on page 168.
(an8re)
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(rsel)
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4
Match the sentence halves.Then write out the sentences,
putting the verb in brackets in the correct past form.
ffi_rynnencq"*
A
1 Cross out the forms that are not possible or not correct.
1 My sister (break) her teg white ...
2 I (meet) my best friend when ...
3 The sun (shine) when ...
4 lt (rain) this morning so ...
5 The police (stop) him because...
1
I
2
3
B
a
b
my husband (give) me a lift to work.
he (drive) too fast.
| (wake up) this morning.
we (both work) in a sandwich bar.
c
d
e
believed / used to believe / would believe in ghosts when
was young.
Did you would / Did you use to I Did you get into trouble
a tot when you were a chitd?
|
4
Our parents usetoencourage / encouraged I would
encourage us to try new sports and activities.
difficutt chitd. She didn'twoulddo I didn'tuseto
She was a
do I didn'tdo what she was told.
5
Wouldyou / Didyou / Didyou useto like eating sweets when
you were a chitd?
she (ski).
2
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
any more stitt use
Contrasting past and present
_
We
to have such
used
a
lot of fun when we went out
together.
1 usedto andwould
::"""'
: i tlyou/Ue/She/ltlWe/They used to work.
i i l/You/He/She/ltlWe/They would work.
_
didn't
to tike Thai food, but I do now.
Mr Franks doesn't work here
longer.
4 Once there was a huge factory here, but there isn't
2
I
_
3
i
any_.
:
There are
:l
_
some beautiful otd buitdings in the
town centre.
i:: : UYou/He/She/ltlWe/They
:
wouldn't
work.
Did l/you/he/she/itlwe/they use to work?
I
Put the words in the correct order
1 time/spend / l/
to make sentences.
used / playingvideogames/a lotof
2
anyexercise/to/never I asal do /Ati/used/chitd
3
to / use
4
any
5
didn't
6
on
7
used
8
l/frightenedofspiders
/to
We use usedfo and would for habits in the past.
w*utd g* t* ths ayrfi e';*ry day"
sister essed ta lzave r*aliy !t:*g hair.
There is no equivalent form of used to or would in the present.
i
I
did
/
in art
/ interested I
Phil
/ be?
lviy
*tsu*{dyg* i* tny parefi*' hcuse cfi Sundavs.
NOT J us* ta gs fs rny parents' hor,s* on Sundeys"
I it / to I quiet here / but I
itl
be/ isn't/ longer/
used
f
Would is common when we are te[[ing a story or remembering
an evenl.
T!:iss* wcrs the b*st years ts! my life. I w*uld spe*d ali iay tn the
For states in
NOT J r.,:ovld ilv* in fiubai.
We can always use the Past simple instead of used to or would.
i wer?t rc the gym everv dav
s's:e' ftad
rea
j4' jo rg trarr.
2 not ... any longer I not ... anymore
These phrases mean that an action or state was true in the past,
but is not true now.
i* riav .s*tleyball ev*ry Frldav, !s*t ! dazz't x*y l*ngcr.
Arzd:*v; d*eslz't dri*k **ff** anynt*r* * ii glves hi* a he*tlache.
i
use 4
3 still
We use stll/ when we want to emohasise that an action or state
has not stopped or changed, but continues up to the present.
i
use
/
use
/ to /
enough time
/
|
/where / you I to / go / holiday I didT
any
/tola beard/he/but/he/have/doesn't/more
the past, we only use used to, not would.
i::s*d€s {fve iff S#&ei.
{r
/
/to / have / relax/
s*i|l:*ta**:**y
fu3v;
fright*::*o i w*s.
/ am/l /be/and /
used/
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4 Big and small differences
lf there is a large difference between two objects, we can use
much and a lot.
Comparative and superlative adjectives
1 One-syllable adjectives and two-syllable adjectives
enorng In -y
i
Russia is
much
For sma[[ differences, we can use a
little (bit) or slightly.
5 Common phrases with superlatives
.
2 Other two-syllable adjectives and tonger adjectives
,
.
.
byfarthemost
Brazil is
| -est
in South Amerka.
oneof the most ... | -est
Eaghdad is ane af the aldest cities in the warld.
the secondlthird most ...
/
-est
Birmingham is the secand biggest rity in Englanri.
the least
The caach is
the leasf expensive way ta get ta the airport.
REMEMBER!
3 lrregular forms
These superlative phrases are often followed by in
i worse
i the worst
:
gooa
i far
i b"tt",
i further
i the best
i
I
the
furthest
+ place.
Buenas Aires is the bigEest eity in Argentina.
i bad
!
...
byfarthe larg*stcauntry
i
l"tg.4gncf {
1 Rewrite the sentences so that they have the opposite
meaning. Use the adjectives in brackets.
REMEMBER!
. With short vowels we double the final consonant.
thin + thinner + the thinnest
.
.
It's the most potluted place I know. (clean)
It's the cleanest place ! knaw.
1 The bus stop is nearer than the station. (far)
2 lt's the cleanest part of the city.'(dirty)
3 The traffic's better than I expected. (bad)
4 lt's the most interesting museum I know (boring)
5 Trains are more expensive than buses here. (cheap)
6 He parked in the nearest car park from here. (far)
7 lt's the most enormous beach l've ever seen. (tiny)
8 lt's the best restaurant I know. (bad)
9 lt's colder in the south of the country. (hot)
lf the adjective ends in -e, we only add -r or -st.
fine + finer --> the finest
-y changes to -ier and -rest.
busier
the busiest
busy
-
+
'10
2
The north of the island is prettier than the south. (ugty)
Rewrite the incorrect sentences to make them correct.
China is stightty bigger than the UK.
China is a lat bigger than the tLK.
1 New Zealand is stightty sma[[er than Austra[ia.
2 London is much further north than Paris.
3 Cairo is stightty hotter than Moscow
4 France is a bit larger than Spain.
5 Hong Kong is stightty more populated than Canada.
6 Chile is much narrower than Argentina.
7 Brazil is stightty [arger than the USA.
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3
FEATURESAND SIGHTS
Match the sentence hatves.
A
ancient ruins
an istand
a bay
a taKe
a (sandy) beach
a marKel
a bridge
a (historic) monumenl
a canal
a mosque
a cathedrat
a museum
a ctiff
a palace
docks
a shopping mall
B
a sKyscraper
a
crowded at weekends.
L
u
-^^-+^-,,1-)PgLLOLULOI.
a
factory
farmland
a temple
a festivaI
a view
a (rain)forest
a viltage
a harbour
a
1
2
3
4
5
6
waterfall
ADJECTTVES FOR. DESCRIBING PLACES
tively
co[ourfuI
mocern
cosmopotitan
o[d-fashioned
crowded
peacefuI
dangerous
polluted
dirty
Poor
expensive
romantic
friend[y
smart
historic
-^^-+^-,.1--
Some of the views are
The city has a very
The market gets
The locat people are
There are some very modern
c skyscrapers in the centre.
d area just outside the citY.
e livety atmosphere.
f usuatty friendty.
a hitt
arry
There's an industriaI
4
Cover the word list and choose the correct answers'
1
2
The otd town is worth see I seeing I
The ruins arein I on
to
see.
/atthe north ofthe country.
3 Paris is in I on / af the River Seine.
4 Dubai is famous about / of lfor its shops'
industrial
:ou'l"t
OTHER
it's famous for (its beaches/shops, etc.)
it's in the north / it's on the coast
The tasks in Cutting Edge are designed
speaking, but it is imPortant to work actively in these
lessons. Tick the tips that you already foltow.
I PRACTICE
1 Choose the odd one out in each group.
1 bridge
2 cathedral
3 bay
4 apartment
lake
canal
mosque Palace
beach
ctiff
waterfall
temPle
docks
block ancient ruins shopping mal[
skyscraper
Cover the word
list.Write the adjective form of these
nouns to describe a place,
romance
1 colour
2 peace
3 tourist
4aft
5 history
6 crowd
7 pollution
B industry
to improve your
it's worth (seeing/
visiting, etc.)
Before doing the task, spend a few minutes thinking
about what you are going to say and how you're
going to say it.
You can make some short notes to hetp you, but
don't write out every word!
lf you can, use language you already know, but if
you really need any new words, ask your teacher'
Look at the Useful language box and see if there are
any phrases that you coutd use. (You do not need to
use all or most of these phrases, though - they are
just there to use if you need them.)
Before you start, Practise'saying
t
f
f
it in your head'
or whispering it to yourself so that you feel
more confident.
Concentrate on expressing what you want to say
and don't worry about making mistakes! Everyone
makes mistakes when they are learning a language
-
n
it's how you learn.
to and be supportive of other students.
Remember, they may feel nervous about speaking
Listen
in English, too!
Hightight the tips that you think witt most help to
improve your speaking. Compare your answers with
other students.
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3 Complete the texts with the correct present perfect or
Past simple form of the verb in brackets.
1
REMEMBER!
.
McCartney
In 1965, Pau[
(write) the most popular
song of all time,'Yesterday'. Since then, there
(be)
over 2,500 cover versions.
_
2
3
_
(die) in 1977, Elvis prestey
(have) 31 hit singtes. During his lifetime, he
Since he
_
(produce) over 60 hits, including l8 number ones.
(have) one of the longest careers in
Jack Nichotson
Hotlywood - he
(work) in the fitm industry for more
than 50 years. Over his career, he
(receive) more
award nominations than any other actor, and he
(win) three Oscars. He
(win) Best Actor Award in
1975 and 1997 and he
(receive) the Best Supporting
ActorAward in 1983.
--
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
.
Which movie
lt
is
_
difficult to
since it
_
(be) the most successfut of att time?
say.Avatar
the most money
_(make)
(appear) in 2009, but it onty
three Oscars. Titanic,
which
(win) 11 Oscars, and it
_
(win)
(come) out in 1997,
(make) nearty
_
S2 bittfon since its release.
lf we say how often the action happened, we always use the
Present perfect simpte, because the focus is on the resutt.
l'vewritten ten / lats af emails taday.
NOT /'ye been writing ten emails.
Like other continuous forms, we do not use the present oerfect
continuous with'state' verbs.
l've known Anne frsr years.
NOT /'ve been k nawing Anne
2
.
.
.
for years.
and how long?
for,since
We use /or with periods of time.
I've been learning to drive for three manths"
We use since with points in time.
I've lived in this hause since 2AAT I I was born.
Sentences with
How lang
have
for and since answer the question How long?
yau been learning ta drive?
t"qnlsiici"e
1 Write the phrases in the correct column,
five
Present perfect continuous
last
* j
He/She/lt's been (= has been) working.
i,,i'ii;i;;;ili1i"i{
minutes
2009
I
was
ages 6 o'clock months
30 years ten seconds
three weeks
ages and
born
summer
for
ti=*.,
five minutes
l/You/We/They haven't been (= have not been) working.
2 Choose the best answers. Can you explain your decisions?
l'vefinished / beenfinishing myessay and l'veemailed
emailing it to my teacher.
/
been
2 My cousin has stayed
?i
Has he/she/it been
working?
i
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i
Hiy:iH*
l
4
sybjea + been + -rhg
Uses of the Present perfect continuous
The Present perfect continuous is [ike the present perfect simpte in
a[[ the ways mentioned in section 1 on page '141. However, we use
the Present perfect continuous if:
.
.
we want to emphasise that the action is [ong or repeated.
She's been trying to pass her driving test
for years.
(Notice that we often use /or a nd since with the present perfect
continuous.)
the action is in progress / not comptete.
l've been doing my homework. (= perhaps
.
it
is not finished)
l'vedone ny hamework. (= it is finished)
we are more interested in the activity than the result.
l'm really hot * I've been running. (the activity that made me hot)
I've just run ten kilometres. (that's what I have achieved)
5
I been staying with us for a few weeks.
l'm exhausted. I'veworked / beenworking realty hard since
6 o'clock this morning.
l'm really pleased with myself - I've written I been writing ten
pages of that report today.
Why don't we stop and have a coffee? you've driven
driving for ages.
6 A:
I
been
I tike your dress!
B: Oh, thanks, l've had I been having it for ages.
7 \Ne've gone I been going to the same hotet for the tast
five years - we love it!
8 The children have made / been making loads of biscuits.
Woutd you [ike to take some home with you?
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REMEMBER!
We can use shal/ with / and we.We normal[y use this in the question
Future forms for plans and intentions
1 going
form to make offers or suggeStions.
to
Compare the fo[owing pairs of sentences.
Wi{l I meetyau atthe statianT (= asking about a future fact)
Shall I meet yau at the stationl (= an offer)
i * , t'.lyou're/He's/She's/lt's/We're/They're
help.
i _ i not/You aren't/He isn't/She isn't/lt isn't/We aren't/
''- aren't going to hetp.
i - i fney
i , j Ar l/Are you/ls he/ls she/ls itlAre we/Are they going
going to
Wiltrwe have dinner atthe hatel? (= 6t1;nt about a future fact)
i
i
4 Other ways to talk about the future
:
:
We use goingtoto talk about present intentions about the future.
This can be the near future or the more distant future.
l'm gai*g to have a bath in a few minutes" (= the near future)
Luey says she's gaing t* be a ba{let dancer one day.
(= the distant future)
e
.
VERBS
. hope: We're haping ta buy a f lat Iater this year.
. plan: t'm planning ta seil my scocter.
. think:We'rethinking af having a party soan.
PHRASES
.
.
2 Present continuous
.
Shallwe have dinner atthe hatell (= a suggest'on)
i
We use the Present continuous to talk about things we have
already arranged for the future.
l'm meeting Tany this weekend" (= l've arranged this)
What are you daing tanight? (= asking about your plans)
In some cases, it doesn't matter whether we use the
Present continuous or going to.
due fo: We use due to for something
The
l'm gaing (te ga)" shapping this afternoan.
In other cases, there is a clear difference in meaning.
We're going ta get married ane day. (= an intention)
g*tting rnarried soan. (= the wedding
is formally arranged.
mi*utes.
(be) about to: when something wi[[ happen very soon or
immediately.
Gemma'saboutta have
a babv.
l r$sfiq"q":r
1
l'm going to think about it.
a a Dresent intention about the future
b a future prediction
c a future definite arrangement
2
She'tt be 25 next month.
l'n going shapping this afterno*n"
We're
that
2A
1 Choose the correct meaning a-c.
l'm playing football rhis evening.
I'm going ta ptay faatbatl this evening.
.
plane'sduetatakeoff in about
a a future prediction
b a future fact
c a present intention about the future
is arranged)
3 will
3
4
We use w// for tatking about things that we think wilt happen
any special plan or arrangement. We predict they witl
happen or see them as a future fact.
without
give it to her * f 'll see her at wark.
(= | don't need to arrange this)
I know l'ttforget;f ldan'twrite it down.
(= this is a future fact / I predict this witt happen)
t can
* Some people think it is bad Engtish to repeat go tike this.
We're taking the train to Vancouver.
a a present intention about the future
b a future definite arrangement
c a future prediction
l'tt probabty work for my father.
a a Dresent intention about the future
b a future fact
c a future prediction
l'm seeing my doctor on Thursday.
a a future definite arrangement
b a future fact
c a Dresent intention about the future
We're going to try and find a new flat.
a a future orediction
b a present intention about the future
c a future definite arrangement
Your books
will be delivered on Thursday.
a a present intention about the future
b a future definite arrangement
c a future fact
(eq)
nor( uaqan errre3 (t1sln
/ no{)
'os adoq | :8
euoPuol ul
:y y
'no,( p1o1 I 3u1q1tana (requueuer)
1snI no{ 1r (ssed)
-
'1se1 Sur,rup
Z(enpre)
no{ arns u,;
'{.r.ro,rn
t,uo6
:€
{u lnoqe snonrau ,t11ea.r u,; :y E
'olns
:8
rxel oql uaqm eur 11er no{ ue) :V
lreq (ra8)
aqseuoosseno,{11ero1rurq(1se) 1'aue['rg
'8elg ot leeds
o1 peau | 'aur1.r eN rolleH
Z
:g
:V I
'slalf,eJq ul
qJaA
eql u.uo, lroJJo) oql qllM suollesJa^uo) eql elelduro)
'euo raqloue
leuoteqtouepuilnlnI /
/
asnoq e^ow
I
'et'eal
pull uet
1
euoleq7ouepu(11rgot fiw e^eal ll,l 9
'asnoq a^out ol ateq y,f,aql
t
'uler nyvtl! sselun
uler Lusaop tUfl anbeqleq p a^eq ll,a A
1 \rop,og arojoq eul ilel nort uef
S
n,faqt I asnoq atou /(e./t 'uroq s,{qeq aqr uaq/v\
suler U ssailun
/
nof I erce1711nnof
'a.uoq
F
E
a^!l o7 elqe eq Luo^trl
or o3 I Jl z
/ auoq w e\n l,uoP I I e,ao.l F a^n l,uorra;
awoq ta6 pn 1 1 awoq n6 Ise uoos "(lrsranrun
sp pr^ec euoqd 11,1 L
'ue t /
'o)uolues eql eleldr.uor louue) teql Sulpue eq1 1no sio.r1
'('r1a 'o; 6u1o6'ryn) pesn
st
uroj qla^ etnlnj e'e)ualuas aql jo ueo laqlo or.ll ur leql erlloN
:tauutp tot punat no{ alaut y,an'6ut1eto>ap aql qslu$ an atu6
'a^!! at a.taqltawas pu$ 11gun anq {els o16uto6 w,1
'Jaulaqs e ateq ol6uto6 w,t 'awoq p6 att se uoossV
nof a.rolaq s1q611 aqlua u.snl otr taqwautay
'no[ to! tt 6upq y1 '71 pult 1 uaqyl
'aaea1
'auoqd nof,ssa1un iutq\fue ap 4uaw l
'psdn fyeat aq y,aqs 'urc6e wexa nq syet aqs t1
't\a'awnlxau
'auo'lllun 'se uoos se 'n4!e 'atolaq 'uaqn'ssalun'!t nlp wo1
qlen lueseld e asn oA 'alnln1 aql lnoqe Eur11e1 e.re eA uotll uanl
'fla'ssatun 'uaqtt'l!
rl+l
sasnelf,
ernlnl
esPua uossel
aqt ssalun
1 11
1n4le op o1 Suruueld no,( ere req/v\
OL
')ae^ uau e.ro;eq no{ aes / lou
7,lqeqord 7 I 2
'a.rrlai / lnoqe / ssoq {4 9
'qof eqr 1eE 1ou lltM / I /v\oul I I
7
{trslenrun o1 {1dde
lou eq s{es xelv t
'qreeq aql o1 oE plnoqs
e^ )ulql l,uop I Mororuol
sr,reu
{ue
Jeeq I se
surer
I
ssetlun /
uoosse | ilwn /
11ran
t / uaqil
6
'ePull lnoqe
ye1
11,1 g
sse1/4n no,(
7 SuroE
/
I
1
/ tnun
uo lq8re:1s
o9
9
nlte reneq lae] ll,no
lou
E
1
'ree{
rel
Mou
{nq
ar,a
srql
e
Surdoq
s
A
'suexo
st
el^llo
raq
#€+s
lnoqP
t
'.rea,{
slql
o31o
er,e
s{ep11oq
rno
roj
araarD
o1
3u11u1qf
AE
ery 7
E
no1
2uoos s,(eplloq rno{ e1e1 o1 ueld no{
'raquelda5 ut SqUe+s onP s! asrno)
L
lseq eql esoorl) z
suossel Sulnup Eurneq
7
'saf,uelues arnlnl a)eul.ol sldruo.rd oql osn 7
s
euo) t
I
terye.
Z
laal no,( eleu {aq1 ssalun
7/J {le1erpau.ru.rl s}alqel aqr Eu11e1 dols plnoqs
stuexa {r-u
eql ultl llol ll,l 'oulor.l
7
)eem ueu lsat Eu!^Up {uu e1e1 / enp | |
'{ure eql uiotT lurqr 7 re1srs,{6
'Suuaaut8ue{pnp7ue1d71
'palouuord sla8
aqywn /
ssel/4n / ueqrL,teles ra88rq e uree 1Fr u|[ 2
'ga1 .rno{ uo )ueq eql ees 11,nor( uaql
rrgerl eql ol le8 no{ ssa;un
's1q8r1
'1sor e e^pq no[,1pun 1 arcleq
idn &rnq no[. ueqn I
ssailun I
a1e1' oq ll,el iuo
'surexo raq syels eqs a;opg
/ se uoos se I raXfe lear* e ro1 ,{ep11oq uo Suro8 sr qeres
2ll qslul; no[,1gun 1 uaqn 1 l14ooq rno,{ anor.roq I ue)
)lls
I uaqil
'sJo/r^sus
'r.lsrurJ
ru,l
Suro8 ar,a16
suge.r 11
iasino) Jo
's,r,rau pooS
S
y
g
s1e3 eq
'1no oB I
1.ro,rneu.roq {lu qsrury ol luem I Z
-'3u1p{r
'qot eql slaB aqs
pelq8rlep eq 1,aqs
lllun J! arolsq se uoos se
qrnu.r 1oB l,ueleq e A
^auoLu'4 6utry at,nof y a>1p
L
t
1
ynof ans
uJ,l
ssalun
etalduo3
eqf
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osaql u! lno pessoJ) uooq seq leql pJo/r^ eql peJJo) €
'tfup euo payteu 6up1a6 et,/b4t |
euo
'{ep
papeu 7a6 y,,Gqr 1u;qr I 'eldnor lealS e ere urol pue LleuueH s
'ree{ srql ,(eprloq e ateq o7 6u1ob lou al,a^ / e^eq Luoa ea
pepoap ol,o^ os'luouroru oql
tre
L
-
'xoq oql u! spJo/v\ eql qllm sef,ueluas eqt
-
lueJnelsar uerlell ,r,rau leql fu1 plnoqs no1
'rqBluor
lq8;u ,(pee ue a^e.l M / a^eq
o7 6u1o6
u1
'pe.rr1 {11ear uu,;
'ssoq rvrau {uu
1
l
q"li,$sY$i
dupaaw u,1
taeu
l
M - uoouroue s1q1 {snq u.r,1 1nq &ro5 1
'lxaluo) aql u! r!Jo] qJo^ lsoq oql asoorl) z
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word
in brackets.
WORD FAMILIES
a distraction
knowtedge
an exPerience
productive
a faiture
profitable
imagination
a success
l'm sure she'lt be '. ...:..:::.:.-::::
She's very hard-working, so
(success).
1
|
2
This technology means we can
don't go on social networking sites at work. I find it
(distraction)
improvement
-
(production)
more cars more quickly.
WOR.K
3
uatifications
badty paid
q
chatlenging
responsibility
competitive
secure
(stress).
creative
speciaI training
good communication skills
stressfuI
good with money/numbers
wetl-organised
opportunities (to trave[)
wett-paid
physically
fit
4
5
assertive
to nave exPeflence
to have potential
business sense
to make decisions
a candidate
clear thinking
maternity [eave
to run a course
to deal with a problem
a strength
determined
to enrol for a course
to take responsibility
tatent
to voIunteer
an executive
a weaKness
focused
to work for a charity
to work wetl in a team
to get promotion
3
4
^
d
^^:l
-Poru
2
worK
b
to travel
3
opportunities c
4
5
6
7
B
2
5
6
7
B
9
B
well
money
d training
communication e long hours
physicatly f skitts
g fit
good with
h organised
special
it and
make the necessary changes to make it into an adjective.
1
2
3
4
::=
success / inteltigent
ambitious / creative / talent / stressful
disciptined / chattenging / focus / secure
confident / determination / experienced / productive
fit / assertive /
-
His business lost a lot of money
_
(fait).
-
it was a comptete
(knowtedge) about
My grandfather is very
locaI historv.
I write it down in a special notebook that I keep
just for vocabulary.
I write it down on any piece of paPer I have with me.
I write it down with a translation.
| write it down with a translation and an
n
n
n
exampte sentence.
tr
| don't write
it down. lf it's important, I remember it.
| mark the stressed sytlabte.
| note the pronunciation in phonemic script.
I note
the'part of speech'(noun, verb, adjective, etc.).
to make
n
n
n
n
| use hightighting and different colours
the notes more attractive.
badty
In each list, one word is not an adjective. Underline
(imagination) pictures.
The book is futt of
1 What do you do when you meet a new English word or
phrase that you want to remember?
to make Phrases connected
1
(responsible) for
your decisions.
(ambition) are you?
How
-
Keep good vocabulary notes
with work. Can you remember any other Phrases
connected with work?
A
-
-
t"rEoF"Trq"i
1
-
(determination) to get to the toP
be
-
10
hardworking
Match the words in A and B
to
In business, you have to take
7
8
9
hours
OTHER
discipIined
You need
6
lon8
(experience).
The doctor is very
in this job.
to work
ambitious
-
He teft his last job because he found it too
2
Discuss with other students which ideas in exercise 1
work best for you. Highlight any new ideas that you
would tike to try.
3
Look back through Unit 5. Choose five new words and
make notes about them using the ideas in exercise 1'
n
(re&o1)
| 'urer aLll ur
euoq
'ellelquln Atrl
(11e^n)
I
:g
auau oP no,{ prp teq/v\ :v
'lll sem I esne)oq ur (ar.uor rou)
|
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-
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l,se1
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2A AU nOA OJV :V
-
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ll ')rol),o
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aql \llw uaqltesn a^ Jl
a]lsal pue talwaqs e psll I
trsed
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1
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7
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1UASoJ0
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----_-__,-t
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lsrJ aql leql sueoul 1r'lraped
1o eruanbes
'$al pptl
ssan5rno
s€./oosss
dn,5utqseu
pp atlA
aqt
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fiq -
autpaqyfiq
eql qll/v\ Pesn ueuo osle ole sase.rqd pue splo^
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7
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ol paUETES]tlI eH
t*:tJil# t
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(eq)
euo,tan3 :g
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(la8rot)
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t
1 ,(11enpy'1; pe^ol | :g
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(eq)
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'esuol aures
-
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/
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'elolaq
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sror raarls eqr u! ,rrq mes ; ft.red eql re )reh
'uorsr^oJ
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Z
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'1!
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'alqel e (erueset) elrun
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a
.1e1.reuledns
eql
ol
oE o1 (1a8ro1) t p
Ir
.urq (euoqd
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(11as
7,(pee4e)
e
{aqt
g
e6
{ur auoq (re8) ueq6
{ul
I
(areel)
L
q
I
Z
luernetsol aql ur enenb (o1 eneq 1ou)
aql 1e
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1
o.lnlnJ
1u0s0r0
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9
elolaq ({1 T raneu) slue.redpue.r8 {61 5
asnoq aql ut pooJ ou (aq) areql y
eloru ot (ruem tou) alrun {6 E
euror.l tre pllarqurn
requn1 eurll ror{}oue o1 lsed eq1 ur
aull
euo slun }repad 1sed aLll
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7
ii
1aq1no[,11pen
i
ilor nau+r1{,1eads)-€qffi
V
'pltq) e se sued ut pa^'t peq aqs asnnaq
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eql ollr A'esne)oq Jo ostursn se^leq af,uelues eql qlle4 !
paJred lsed
t 3]ttSvud r
n questions, ask and want to know are common reporting verbs.
In YeslNo questions, the verb is joined to the reported words
f
Reported speech and reported questions
with r/or whether.
1 Change of tenses
She asked
When we report someone's words afterwards, the verb forms often
move into the past. This is because what they said is now in the past.
to
/ wanted
know
i il .
i whether
i
;
it was true
(or not).
ln Wh- questions, we do not need if or whether.
'What do you think?'
He asked me whet !
thousht"
3 Word order in reported questions
The word order in reported questions is the same as in normal
statements.
Past
simple
'l'vefaand
i
pre,rious
yeat,
i" ; ;
a new job
i i Direct speech i Reported speech
i Sheaskediffcor{dcomeearly.
LAnyru
: ii'Canyoucameearty?'
; - ;,
......-.....'............'!|'!..^^'^',.*^^aaitD'!ehalco/
:
:
Canada.
i ininCanada.
i PaSIPerreG
inCanada.e
in
Canada.e
: PresentPertect
i'l'mleavingtamarraw.' i hewasleavingthenextday' i
ii n^-+
^^-r:-..^..^
-^-+;^,,^,,Pastcontinuous
i Presentcontinuous
:
1
i'l'mgaingtostarta
new
!ife.'
i
hewasgaingtastart,
a new
urc"
i
'Eidyausee anything i Thepoticeofficerwantedtoknowif
The potice officer wanted to know if
ii'U;dyouseeanything
i weraos€enanylnln8susPlclous.
: susPlclousf
r Hetotdthathewascomingtotheparty.
2 He said he was coming to the party'
i 'Yau cax ccme andsee me"' i lcaatd come and see him.
i couldlcouldn't
i canlcan't
4
5
i
Othermodal verbs
.
i
i
He said me he was coming to the party.
He said
to me that he.was coming to the party.
6 He totd to me he was coming to the Party.
7 He totd that he was coming to the Party.
8 He said that he was coming to the Party'
2
Put the words in the correct order
to make reported questions.
1
late / asked
the /was / me
/teacher/whv/
/
|
(would,could,should,ought,might)donot 2 us/home/he/were /if lwelasked/going
change in reported speech.
Alsonoticethechangesinpronounsusedinreportedspeech'
I
+
3
her/was/asked lgoingl where/they/she
4
brother/where / my / know/was/wanted /
helshe
2 Verbs and conjunctions used for reporting
. In statements, say and fel/ are the most common rePorting verbs.
Look at how they are used.
He said
NOT
itwas true.
iie tl{d itwastrue.
He totd me it was true.
NOT #e said
me
it was true.
rre safd ro me f t was true.
NOT He told ta me itwas true.
These verbs can be followedby that, but
it is not
necessary.
:
a-----------$-:---:---
i'fltwrketeyauwhen ihey.Tuldwritetomewhenhe !
i gotthere.
i lgetthere.'
i wouldlwouldn't
i willlwon't
i
REMEMBER!
. Notice the changes in place and time references in the reported
statements.
here+there
last year
- the year before
.
i:
5 him/how/didn't /was/l /he/ask
l/
to
a)o/
"qg
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Z
-edl-ing adjectives
The passive
1 -ed adjectives
1 Simpte tenses
Adjectives ending in -eddescribe our feelings about something
or someone.
if*Jl S*r*d at f ht part,S. (= I found the party boring)
:-tot-
:
i
Adjectives ending in -rng describe the thing or Person that has
an effect on us.
I*f*y s J*ssr:r.r w;s vs,"y r'n*eresrfng" (= the lesson interested me)
confused/confusi ng
depressed/depressing
pleased/pleasing
disappointed/disappointing
su
embarrassed/embarrassins
rustrated/f rustrati ng
terrified/terrifying
worried/worrying
participte
i
+ past
i
past participte
i
ls
?"*i'iPl'
!--j
i Present : tt's 1=
It isn't (=
151
;g
it made?
not) made.
made.
wasn't i Was it made?
*"s not)
mad",
It's (= 6s51 i lt hasn't
i Has it been
been made. ! (= has not) i made?
It was
Past
nterested/interesti ng
inspired/inspiring
i rritated/i rritati ng
moved/moving
past
i
3 Other -edl-ing adjectives
f
;
i ',i;..i * ".'u i verb to be +
';;j;;,
verb to be +
i to be + not : subject +
j
i
2 -ing adjectives
amazed/amazing
annoyed/annoying
bored/boring
i
made. i
,
lt
(=
:
i
i
Present
perfect
i been made.
:
:::---i
Future ft'tt (= wilt) be lt won't
:
i
i made.
i
i
i
rprised/su rprisi ng
;
i
i (= will not)
i bemade.
i
be
made?
Wilt it
,
:
I
|
i
2 Continuous tenses
ffi
ffiffi--%#T€trffi 3
1 Choose the correct adjectives.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Form
That's a very irteresfed I interesting suggestion.
The news isn't really surprised I surprising.
There's no need to feel embarrassed I embarrassing.
Why are you always late? Have you any idea how annoyed
/
annoying itisl
l'm afraid it was rather a bored / boring evening.
l'm reatty pleased I pleasing to see how we[[ she's doing.
The news report was extremely worrying I worried.
| don't understand. l'm really confused I confusing.
subject +
verb to be +
being + past
subject +
to be +
verb
Pl1i'itl"
It's (= is)
It isn't (= is
not) being
being made.
Past
It was being
made.
i verb fo be +
not i subject +
being + past i being + past
P11l'jPl"
Prssent
i
made.
It wasn't
(= was not)
being made.
i ?"li'lPl:
I ts it being
i made?
i
Was it being
made?
Complete the sentences with an -edl-ing adjective.
1
2
3
4
5
6
very dwhen I failed my driving test again.
. I don't
The instructions for this phone are reatly cunderstand them at att.
After his divorce, Frank became more and more d-,
| was awhen I won the competition - | didn't exPect it
| was
at att!
My brother taps his hands on the table a[[ the time - it's
really
habit.
r
Why doesn't this printer work? Oh, it's so
a_
f-
3 The difference between the active and the passive
In active sentences, the subject is
(subject)
(verb)
In passive sentences,
a
the'doer'of the verb
(the person who makes the action happen).
7he fi:'ef ighter re:ca*# l*E r'.ijjd.
the'doer'of the verb is not the subject.
If* r*iid
(subject)
(verb)
REMEMBER!
lf we mention the'doer'of the verb, we use by + the Person.
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3
Match the sentence halves.
ENTERTAINMENT AND TELEVISION
A
an advert
a quiz show
a chat show
a reality show
a cookery Programme
a documentary
a sitcom
a (drama) series
a sPorts Programme
1 Jason was furious
2 lt's cold out here. I'm
3 The film was superb and the acting
4 Take a coat and hat.The weather
5 We're absolutety
6 Hotty used to be terrified
7 The show was hilarious
8 lt's ridiculous that
9 Do you mind if I take off my jacket? lt's
a soap oPera
a game snow
a
a murder mystery
travel news
a nature Programme
the weather forecast
tatent show
a Phone-ln
'10
EXTREME ADJECTIVES
astonished
freezing
boiling
furious
detighted
hilarious
excettent
ridiculous
exhausted
terribte
fantastic
terrified
B
[ooks terrible.
and he couldn't stop laughing.
absoIutely freezing!
u of spiders.
e boiling in here.
f after the tong ftight from Sydney.
D
OTHER
the acting
a musical
a batlet
an oPera
the camera work
an orchestra
the cast
a classica[/rock concert
the photography
to ptay a rote
the plot
a comedy show
a pop video
a character
a costume
g
was fantastic!
h
i
when someone damaged his car.
detighted by the news.
J
the bank isn't open on Saturdays.
=1=j.fi
a gig
the set
the lighting
the lyrics
the speciaI effects
3:
Using English outside the classroom
1 Here are some things you can do to improve your Engtish
outside the classroom. Tick any of these things you've
done. Did you find them useful?
lmsiisE
1 Underline the odd one out in each group of words.
1
Find an English song that you [ike and write down
phrases that you understand. Find the words online
and check how we[ you understood it.
2
n
Watch an Engtish-language TV channel for a few
minutes every day.
3
n
Listen
4
that interest you.
Find an article that interests you on an English
n
Can you explain your answers?
1
2
3
a murder mystery
a
/ a sitcom /
a soap opera
/ travel
news
ballet/a character/ a classicaI concert/ a musical
/ a realityshow/ a drama series / a talent
a phone-in
Snow
4
5
6
2
the cast / the costumes / the tighting / the special effects
an advert
a musical
/ a documentary / sports coverage / travel
/ a comedy show / a pop video / an opera
news
Cover the word list. Write extreme adjectives which are
similar in meaning to the definitions. Can you remember
any others to add to the [ist?
1 very good
2 very bad
3 very happy
4 very angry
5 very silty
6 very funny
7 very cold
B
very hot
They were exhausted
to English-language radio programmes
newspaper website.
5
tr
Choose a graded reader (e.g. the Penguin Reader
series) and start reading for pleasure in Engtish.
6
n
Watch a subtitted version of an Engtish tanguage fitm.
Try to listen rather than read the subtittes.
n
2 Hightight two activities you would like to try - but
remember to choose things that would interest you in
your own language!
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3
will andslrall (for instant responses)
Read the situations below and cross out the phrase which is
not correct in that situation.
1
a Here, l'tt hetp you with those.
b Shatt I help you with those?
c Witt I hetp you with those?
lf we make a decision at the moment of speaking, we use wil/.
suddenly !*e:[ a hit ti:*ti ".. ! rhink !'€{. stay ist ttinight..
This use of will is often contrasted with going to (used if you've
!
2
already decided). Compare the foltowing pairs of sentences.
A: il* y::u war:t t* p!a.1t srit.t+sft !*{r}affaw s*t"*e tim*?
B: S;:rr-V, i €ari't * w*"{* g*irzg t* pxint the !i';i*g r+s*m
(= they've already decided do this)
tt i}* end i:av* * quisk ccfft*l
B: 5*i:d i.Js* .". i'tt fi*is* tii: J,lfsr.
(= speaker decides at that moment)
For instant decisions and responses, we atways use the contracted
form 'il and not the futl form
.
lf ii's st*ry,
-
.
ffi
1
I
c
l'[[ catl you tomorrow.
4
You are talking
to your best friend on the phone. She's ftying
home to London tomorrow.
a Sha[[ | meet you at the airport?
b l'm meetingyou at the airport.
c l'[ meet you at the airport.
wr71.
y*i:
!'lE 1iv*
a
4
lift.
it*ii
-y*;sr !:arsd.
You can also use Shall I ...? for offers.
l'68
Ettat{ I help v*;-: with
.
Shatt we
c
Very oftenthese decisions are offers or promises.
i,3r.:n't ;,s*rr.y
.
b
3
D+ 3r*t; wa{:t
REMEMBER!
lt's your dream to visit Hawaii.You've just received a letter
te[[ing you that you've won several thousand do[[ars.
a l'm going to visit Hawaii.
visit Hawaii?
think l'[[ visit Hawaii.
You are just leaving your friend's house. He's feeting itt.
a Am I going to ca[[ you tomorrow?
b Shatt I ca[[ you tomorrow?
{his .;s*tk*:'t:i.
A;
You see an old woman carrying heavy bags.
Sfeal| I
*i!.y**
t?:at7 *t, ?iienks.
leie;'?
N::,
d*r;'i w*rry. I'il be fir;*.
Shallwe? is used to make suggestions.
Efza€l-we i;av* x
'l A: lt's absolutely freezing in herel
B: I'llclose I I'mgoingtoclosethe
window.
2 A: When is the next ftight?
B: Just a minute, I'mgoingtocheck / I'llcheck on
the website.
vai*7
These are the most common uses of shal/ in modern Engtish
pffi.&#Y'$trffi tr
3 A: Have you got any plans for tonight?
B: Yes, I'll have I I'm going to haye dinner with a f riend.
4 A: I don't want to leave my laptop here.
B: lt's OK. I'lllookafter / I'mgoingtolookafterit.
5 A: I can't understand these instructions.
Bi l'mgoingtohelp /l'llhelp if you tike
6 A: Are you looking forward to your hotidays?
B: I can't wait! /'Ilslf I I'mgoingtoslf on the beach
Match the sentence halves.
A
do nothing.
7 A: lt's raining really hard.
B: I'll lend you / I'm going to lend you an umbrella.
8 A: What is your NewYear's resolution?
B: I'll lose / I'm going to lose weight.
1 l'[[ carry your books 2 l'tt try again later 3 l'm going to get fit this summer 4 l'tt do the washing-up 5 l'tt take the red oair of shoes 6 l'm going to cook this evening B
a l've signed up for a course at the gym.
b I don't like the black ones so much.
c they lookvery heavy.
d I bought a[[ the ingredients this morning.
e his phone's off at the moment.
f you cooked so it's only fair.
2 Write the sentences from exercise
Choose the best answers.
1 in
the correct
group below.
'1
Decisions made at the moment of speaking
2
Decisions made before the moment of speaking
and
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ffi
Defining relative clauses
1
Defining relative clauses give us information about things, people,
possessions, ptaces and times using a relative pronoun.
1 Things (that,which or
-l
PRAETIfiH
T
Choose the correct answers.
1
A necklace is a piece of jewettery who / which / where
you wear around your neck.
2
3
A cyclist is someone who
/ which / whose rides a bicycle.
A hetmet is a hard hatwho / whose I that orotects
your head.
lt's a *iarh!n* 'xlti** c*nverts in.f*rrn*ti*r.
* cejei;ialor,: * iittie nzachitr* t*a* d*es arir.hynetir.
4
A dry cleaner's is a shop that / where / when you can take
clothes to be dry-cteaned.
5
An air traffic controller is someone whose / who / that
job is to control the movement of planes in and out of
6
REMEMBER!
an airDort.
What is not possible here.
2 People (who,thator-)
A manager is someone whose / which /who is in charge of
a business or part of a business.
A festival is a time which / that / when there are
performances of many films, plays and pieces of music.
A te:h*t:ph*be:s * S*rsr:* wll* d*sm'i use t-eihfi*logg.
A :tcy,/-cr*;d*rJs r *ra-s*i? t-kaf reeds i*e n*'"vs.
An Oscar is a prize who / that / whose is given each year in
the USA for the best film, best actor, etc.
The pronoun that is [ess common than who here.
A court is a place where
itr
rei:ulatar
ls
* nar:hin* tlectlwfui<tz
**,h+e
d**s *riflrm*if*
*
/ which I fhat tegatjudgements
are made.
10
We can leave out which, who and that if they are the object of the
retative clause.
11
/ whose I fhat is not
afraid when they are in a frightening situation.
A nanny is a person who / which / whose job it is to take
There ar* pe*:;l* {wh*!*fuat}
12
A disease is an illness where
REMEMBER!
.
e
A courageous person is someone which
care of a famity's children.
y*u :atr ph*r;* !! y*u hav*
pr*5fe,r.
lwho lwhich affects
a Derson.
animal or plant.
*re ttz i n g s {w tt klr I t ls ati va u we a r i n raid ar**r*er
Notice that in sections 1 and 2 above, which,who and fhaf are the
subject of the relative clause, so they cannot be left out.
With the Dassive we can sometimes miss out the relative clause.
4 s:::o*ri'ijs i: * dri;:!< w*ir,{z is m*#e f,-**: riiffer*nt tyr=es *i !r*it.
fr Jou*s
.
.&
srn**tllie
is a
dririk made ir*m
iifi*r**t
iypcs af !ru!t.
3 Possessions (whose)
#e s a pers*n i,:&*sc lrf,e is d*n!n*!cd bv csiripirl€rs. (= his tife)
A* *rpi:ar,s e cjriid lg&ose p*re*fs 6ar'e di*d. (= his/her parents)
4 Places (where,whichlthat + preposition)
We can refer
to places in the fotlowing ways.
i*rs s i,tF ft*.is* ae*erg ! grew *p.
i*is
15
the r,.r#se {wtziehltha*i i Er*r,a up in"
Notice that if we have a preposition at the end of the senrence,
the retative Dronoun can be omitted.
5 Times (when)
Th* ev**ing's a iinie vlkex vo;* c*n ai! rela,v.
Set;rday's th* d*y vnfe*n ! ti:l3t ttt* !i*t.
2
Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun
where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
That's the man _
| told you about.
| tike fitms _
make me laugh.
Let's go to the Chinese restaurant _
your brother arrives.
The woman _
[ives next door has gone into hospital.
That's the house _
| was born.
book_ I lentyou?
husband had a motorcycle accident.
_
you put money into
is a machine _
Didyou enjoythe
That's the woman
A parking meter
when you park your car.
| love buying clothes _
are in the sa[e.
we
retax.
usua[ly
_
The man _
lives next door makes a lot of noise.
She works for the company _
| used to work for.
Sunday's the day
Join the two sentences together using a relative ctause.
Omit any unnecessary words.
'1
2
3
4
5
6
My brother married a woman. She's a lot older than him.
the ring. Her boyfriend gave her it.
That's the couple. | look after their children.
l've lost the money.You lent it to me.
I've got a cousin. She lives in South Africa.
She showed me
That's the book. Everyone is talking about it.
1o
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9
Use a monolingual dictionary
*{OW 6AD6ETSWOR,K
a cooker
/ an electric cooker
an MP3 player
f,i-i*-l Lorilrrd
-^*^-^
o^ urSrLor
a dishwasher
a PhotocoPier
a tabtet computer
a DVD player
a touch screen phone
: oame< rnncnlo
a vacuum cteaner
1 Tick the statement(s) that describe how you use
monotinguaI dictionaries.
1
I
a taPtoP
2
VER.85 FOR PESER.IBIh.I6 I.{OW CAD6FTSWORK
it doesn't work
to break down
to reinstall software
to
to
to
to
to
to
to crash
to freeze
to hold down a button
to Pause
+n nracc r hilff^n
restart
scroll down a menu
switch something of{
switch something on
touch an icon
unplug
DESeRtElN6 EVERVDAY OS.'ECTS
a battery
ptastic
fabric
rectangular
it's got
rouno
it's made of (metat)
it's used for + ng
ruDDer
Look at the entry from a monolingual dictionary.
Which information from exercise 1 part 3 can you find?
square
pu
2
rrh*s*:r /'ps:tJas $ 'ps:r-l z, fT]formal
Lo
a bodyguard
a CPS navigator
a boiler
a launderette
a cleaner
a PersonaI trainer
TIIESAIIRUS buy.
a comPasS
- ^1,.*L^-
a decorator
a stationer's
a dry cleaner's
a
a freezer
wer wrPeS
OT'f"'ER
3 The words in botd att appear in the reading text on
page 87. How many questions can you answer using
a monotingual dictionary?
1 Which syttabte is stressed in the word /abel?
2 What is the Dronunciation of the word extreme?
3 ls reward a countable noun or an uncountable noun?
ry***trcq
4 ls the word deserye a verb, noun or adjective?
1 Match the verbs with the nouns.
A
B
1 recharge
2 scroll down
3 press
a
b
c
d
e
4 reinstal[
5
touch
5
What is the opposite of the word satisfactory?
7
Which preposition follows the verb blame?
6 ls the verb seek regutar or irregular?
the button
the software
the icon
the menu
the battery
2 Circle the odd one out in
each group of words.
1 acleaner
alaunderette
2 abodyguard afreezer
3 aboiler
acooKer
4 acompass atorch
5 a photocopier a vacuum cleaner
6 ataptop
adishwasher
7 a battery
rubber
8 to crash
to break down
9 round
fabric
10 a digital camera a freezer
a dry cleaner's
a personaI tralner
a plumber
a CPS navigator
a decorator
a
tablet computer
ptastic
to switch on
rectangutar
a dishwasher
n
buy
something: YotL, can yturcLr,ose i,nsurartce onLine.1
the grou.;ing demartd to purcLtose goods on credit
Where did'Aou purcflclse tLLe c(ff? I [+llrom] Ti,c:kets
m,o,g tte pztrctrnsed i,n aduance Jrorn the bor office.
torch
I
3 | use a monolingual dictionary to find:
. the meaning(s) of words.
n
. examDles of how words are used.
n
. the Dronunciation of words.
n
. the word stress.
!
. whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective or adverb. tr
. the opposites of words.
!
. irregular past forms.
!
. the prepositions that come after words.
!
. whether new words are countable/uncountable. n
to recharge a battery
K
don't use mono[ingual dictionaries - | don't think
would understand them very wet[.
| try to use a monotingual dictionary to f ind the
meaning of new words, atthough sometimes I find
it difficutt to understand the explanations.
|
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fr PR.ACTfrCE E
Hypothetical possibilities with
f
1
Choose the correct answers.
1 What you would do / did you do / would you do if a friend
1 Hypotheticat (imaginary) possibitities
2
to borrow f500?
l'd pretendtobe / 'd pretendedtobe / waspretendedtobe
sick if I wanted to take a day off work.
3
Tom would be very disappointed if he would lose
4
wiIIlose the match.
| didn't never give I wouldn't never give
asked
. lf we are talking about an imaginary/hypothetical
situation, we
use wouldlwouldn't + verb. Notice the contracted f orm l'd.
I'd *evtr lie tc m.y fri*nds"
wtsuldn't like to be farnc'us.
lf we talk about a hypothetical situation or condition, we use
r/ + Past simple or Past continuous. This type of sentence is
often referred to as the'second conditional'.
!
.
fe * * d a wa L!*t i n t,4c sfreef, I' d take i t ta
l'd ga for a w*lk lf I wasn'tfeeling s* tired"
If t
to
5
th e p * Ii ce.
6
REMEMBER!
. lt is not correct to
use
would in the
tf I had en*uEh ri'tsney, I'd
.
.
.
f
clause.
8
g* abraari an n*tiday.
NOT if I w*gfd *ave enaugit tlisney
.".
9
In r/sentences, we can use were instead of was. This is especialty
lf Nikot were better organised, her desk 'd be / weren't
might notbe so untidy.
lt wou[d be terrible if Marcospassed / didn'tpass /
lnstead of would, we can also use might or could.
tf yau did*'ttalk s* murh, peeple miEht listefi t* y** m*{e.
1
2
3
a
5
6
7
talk about a real possibility in the future, we use will.
t'Il be w*rried if Lte daes*'t ph*ne m*.
f
the'first conditional'.
and when,see Unit 5 Study 2.
Sometimes the difference between a real and an imaginary
possibitity is very clear.
l'tf be very disapp*inted if we f*se. (= a reat possibitity)
!'d
b*
absalutety terrified if ! saw
a
'd
beyou
| 'myou,l'd
tett Sofia as soon
ghast" (= an imaginary
situation)
Sometimes. whether we use the first or the second conditional
depends on how we see the situation.
Compare the following sentences.
lf I lzave enough tine, I'll helpyo*. (= it is possibte l'[[ have time)
tf i had *naugtz tf me, i'd lze€p yov. (= | don't have time)
sentences using the words in
brackets.
2 ReaI and hypotheticaI possibilities
with
pass his exams.
2 Complete the hypothetical
rau[d heip y*u if ! had mare tirne.
For more on future sentences
/
as oossible.
lw6.rtdn'ttr€;st him if f were y*u.
This type of sentence is often referred to as
lift
lf | 'd had | 'd have I had more time, I'd go for long walks
in the country.
lf I asked Dennis for monev, I think he lent / will lend /
would lend it to me.
l'd be furious if I think / thought / 'dthink Kim was tying
1Q lf I wereyou |
We can change the order of the sentence.
To
'd never give a
to me.
common in the phrase lf I were you ... , used to give advice.
lf lwere yau, iwsuldn'ttrust, him.
t
/
Iost
a comptete stranger.
wouldn't
7
|
/
3
| (avoid) paying tax if | (can)
!wauld av*id payinE taxes if "..
| (never drop) titter in the street.
lf a shop assistant (give) me too much change, | (tett) him.
lf | (find) S10O in thestreet, | (nottake) ittothe police.
| (never drink) and drive.
lf everyone (have) good manners, tife (be) much easier.
| (not like) to be a celebrity.
Match the sentence halves.
A
'l
2
3
4
5
6
B
l'd hetp you
|
wouldn't hetp you
lf I knew the answer,
lf I find out the answer,
l'tt hetp you
| won't do anything
a
b
c
d
e
f
if I can.
l'd te[[ you.
if I could.
if you don't want me to.
even if you asked me.
l'tt tett you.
Look at the sentences about real and hypothetical
possibilities. Complete them with the words in the box.
could had might were witl
1 lf | _
2 He _
3 lf I _
4 lt _
5 You _
6 We _
would
enough money, l'd go on hotiday.
ca[[ you after lunch, I promise!
you, I wouldn't trust him.
if I could speak Chinese ftuentty.
not enjoy that fitm; it's really scary in places.
get a takeaway pizza if you are too tired to cook.
be great
n
n
n
n
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a8erarre
:I9NVH) CNVAI]If,OS
.
We use don'thaveto and haven'tgatto + verb to talk about
something that is not ne.essary.
Obligation and permission in the present
dax'tfuavetav*te if they da:t'twantta.
haven'tgatto be there ti!! ten.
Peaple
We
2 Talking about what is permitted
You
.
.
You
,.,i
/
not permitted
We use can and be allowed to + verb to tatk about things we
are Dermitted to do.
Y*u can park k*re after 6.3$ p.m.
My brather's al{"owed t* berraw my fat,ter,s ear.
We use mustn't, not allowed to and can,t + verb to talk about
things which we are not permitted to do (= prohibited).
Members af the aL;drefic* rr$st nattak* photagraphs r!uring ttte
perfarmanre" (= wriften notice)
i
You"re
nat allawed t* / ean't fake p&ofos
pe rfa rma nce "
du rin*
the
(= 5poken)
You
3 Talking about what islisn't a good iclea
thing
.
're not allowed
don't have
You
Yau sh*utd try thls ice rrearn * it's defielcus"
fhose books are in the wrong plar*; f,tey slrou ld be in the
haven't got
j
Can
: 5noulo
:
.'..........:.......
i Am
lallowed
^i
i
| -ff^--,-:
"
"
.'""""
i
"".........:
We use should to say something is a good idea, or that it is
correct/right.
ro go.
:"" " " "
/ the correct
.
:
i Do I have
i to go?
............ .....................:
i Have I got
fictiafi sectilfi.
Should is weaker than have to or must.lt is often used to give
advice or make suggestions.
Oughtto has the same meaning
as should.lt is not usuatty
used in the guestion or negative forms, where should is
more common.
:""
You
eughtt*
be more carefu!.
;
1 Tatking about what is necessary
/ not necessary
We use must, have to and have gotto + verb to talk about
something that is necessary or important.
'vlle
nrr:st &e
*f th* airpart
$,rynaefrcr
1 Match the sentence halves.
A
by seven.
#e has fo fa*e meriieine every day iar hls asthma"
i've g*tt* {ind a teleph*ne * it's urgent!
The meaning of atl three is very similar, but:
-
must often shows that the obtigation comes from the
person speaking.
\Ne *zas* be mare
-
car*ful. (= l, the speakel say it,s important)
have to and have gof to show that the obtigation comes from
another person, not the speaker. lt is a fact that this
is necessary.
All yaung men in this cauntry have ta ds
-
All visitars m$s*, lspc.{t
-
military service.
(= the government says)
J*k*k g*i fo d* &js exams. (= his teacher says)
there are differences of formality. Musf is often written down;
for example, on public notices.
have
to
to
recspt!ai,,
2
must is rarely used in question forms
is more common.
Ff*s*J r tro i &eye *o s:+n ft*r*l
- Do t have to?
B
1
You can do
2
3
4
You've got
You
a
b
it
to do it
c
don't have to do it
You're not allowed to do
it
d
if you don't want to.
if you want to.
because it's compulsory.
because it's forbidden.
Replace the phrase in bnld with an appropriate modal verb
or phrase.
y*u shaukl
lf you go climhing in the mnrrntains i*j+Ses**e take a map.
1 Memhers nf rhe orrhlir are permifted tn visit the castfe
at weekends.
2
3
4
5
lt's a gnod idea to rherk fhe train times before Vou travet.
it necessary for me to fitt in both forms?
lt is forbidden to smoke in here.
ls it permitted for you to learn to drive when you
6
7
At my 5rftnol it is cnmDulsory to wear a uniform.
lt is not compulsory to wear your seat belt att the time
when you are flying, hrrt if is the hest thing.
We are permitted fo go home early on Friday afternoon.
ls
ate 17?
"
and have gof fo are more common in sDeech.
i
8
9
lt isn't necessary for
us
to buy a ticket in advance.
i
i
i
i
o7e^eq
'srnog snoln)tPu llol
.1ue.r,9
elaldu.ror e sp^ ssoq 5e1 {6 9
|
eqLuplp / ot peq lr(u.re eq1 ut seM I ueqlA 5
Luplp I ol peq
'ulojlun
e )ee/fl
{eq1's1q31r
ole
{ueu
'ato^l,uPlno) / Plno2
aqr ur uauro A
aneq 1,uprp r{-rnluer
o1
peq
I
.r(sea
,{11ea.r
el^
pa^ ollP no{
,(6
ely
;
g
At
t."a;;;;i;;;;;il;;ii;
i
to,
er,
/ ol pe/v\oll"
r,uop 1
Ii
l,uplp
.ar-uoq
ol lot
's:uua] u$ uaa4 fsan oste
'sJr/ur:
5J
os!*
alll role pue
t{ta* e st wepy
ay1 'seJ:,*6 ua*t1
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qJoA
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uaa4
e s!
wepv
uteul oql oroJaq saulo) os/y
iuSStNltNtu
aql u! lno oE
sem qof
1se1
'uorlrsod slql u! pesn aq uet etolantll
'rcaanaq'f,lew
n*au
ptrnoz faLlt laau4 aH 'qtnLu
aneq
7
pnr.u
I
L
arclanql pue elou t!ptltA's1ql aqdsap'oslv
le -
ralleuus) sasnel)
orr,r1
surol
1r
-
uorpunfuor e t qinoqqy .
JaPro Pro A z
i
'paleurwtrc aaaq
i
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seq aq arclataqt. pus 'saWA aqa la pattad ad$ sn{ pauatat ay
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8uro6
i
aql u! uolssrurrod pue uope3llqo
}e -
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rpat
'A.Jlew #A3U
t{aql'Jatar'l.aq '! au4 aH 'usnw ,{tan uJlq pal,al atls
.aluelues
puores
aql
Jo elpp!uJ oql u! _
'uorlrsod
sLll ul pesn oq up) 60[ a8ed uo xoq oql ut slelqia^pe eql llv
plnat {aq}
'Aileuj taAau
nau4 aq 'ra^aaoH 'qsnu r{:aa wU pa^q atls
'etrualues puo)as eql
1o BuruurBaq aLll
:saf,ueluas lo etualues eql u! ueql JoJ suorlrsod elqrssod
earql ale ereql'sletqla^pe ele saselqd pue splo/v\ Joqtro eLF llv
',{er,r aues eql u! pesn aguet qdnoqlua a pue q6noq1
'urlq a4!! j,aap q6naqa1e 'uatutda stq padsat
I
1
'uorwda s1L1]sadsat y 'w1q ary1 l,uap qdnaqllg
1
'suorlrsod elqrssod oml ere aleql.(serualues
i
i
ftar, wlq paAol aqs
'(pauorqsel-p1o/lptutoJ leqle.l slql leptsuo)
eldoed {uer"u q8noqrle) eruolues puo)os aLll Jo pua aq}
eql esooq) z
pasn aq uet
pe/v\olle eraM
"r,"A
'elo^ l.ue)/uer,{eq]
i
'euloq
!
oE
s;ry,,:
'sqloA AlPtltxne
Pue ag qro^
q$[
'Suguana
ol pemolle Lusel^ / sen eqs .ptrts &en elaa,r slua.red s,eJan €
'palueM al
leq^ op t,upln@ | Hn@eA lereqll{11eal sennlooqos{4 7
'pteq ,te,r
\row ol a^eq 1,up!p
I
'sJo Asue lf,oJto)
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'Uo^
auoq
iol
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ue olp^ o1 1oE en,e6 9
')rom ol oB o1 aneq l,uop I s
'lueM oM oq^ elt^ut ol paMolle el,a
{1.rea eneel lsnrrr a A €
loor.l)s lp sueaf teem l,upl I Z
'11o slelreflno a)el l,ulsnul eAA
L
'seruelues eseql ,o su.ro1 lsed oql ellr A
Fii"iYli:n
'r"Ji;it"^qi;#; :
t ol
'aton l,uplnot/plnor,{aq1
Ii
oB o1 peq
'eu.roq oB o1 eaeq
;
'.roq
i
i:1;i il:iii6ieiiliJ?'
1sed
pu
ut,1 'uaseat
sqlro!
'a*suadxa flqusal st 6utsnaq
'I1nsa; e sy "f1n aql at 6ut"taw ase a1daar| atow pue arcpt1
qllm spro/\ .
:os o1 Eurueeur
relluls
p
'(s1q1)
to
a11ds u1
pue qbnoqluaaa't16noql epnpur sese;qd Lllns Joqlg
'6utt1jfiue {es
],up!p aq 'raAar*aH 'saq t1!n fsSue fua,t sen nq:el tag
q 6y7 71 ;1s s 1 pew{a1d tuaun
'sgqlalldsag 'iuu'asdutt aq ol siuaas t{utouasa at11
'pam fuat ua p6 au 'aw ueq] sa6unat{ qtnw s,at1s qfinoq4y
:]ng o1 Sulueeuu Jeltuts e qltM splo A .
xelat a7 nof sdlaq f11eat y'arcws,leqii.aEnlaxa truapatxa st eEaS
ptolle luet y 'sppfssg '{epnaq ua aE a2 awq 1o6 l,uaaeq 1
'qot eql sluean {11ea.r aqs
'alow s,leqilt I JeAe/l,/.oq'pue snotltque ,lo^ell st eltoqs
1
qqlto
"
'3u1{1dde sdeal aq arclanql
u1'{peetle seu!tr lpre^as pasn;er uoaq s,eH
a71ds
'tl
proJ1e
t,upr e^ slqla4dsag
/ seprseg 'esnoq slqt ul lood Surur-urans p poau t,uop a
'{epoq el
A
oltl oot / osle I pue ,Eurrls uo ueel {.ran u,1
v
"1t
E
'an8le leneu ea,r'Eurqf.rana
l#al/alxa
lnoqe suorurdo luale1Jrp oleq aA ilnsal e sV / qfinoql uaal
'lee{ aloq,rn aql leadar
1pnsaresy.r.rrexo lpurJ srq pelre, eH
ot peq aq
tafeld sruua3
ue asle t,aH 'salleqsoal seuotssaJotd e s,u;snat dptl
:pue o1 Sulueau lplil.uts e ljltM spro
A
Buluea4
q6nor117y
'sre/(sue lf,eJlof, oql esooqf I
sPro/n
.
1
tuqu;1
?$uivli"l
2
LINKINGWORDS
atso
for that reason
atthough
however
as a resutt
therefore
besides
what's more
t
2
3
4
5
6
7
despite this
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
to be arrested
to be/get caught
fo hc nr rni<hcd
ls the meaning of the pairs of words similar or opposite?
Write S or O.
community service
the death penalty
a defendant
3
harsh
/
lenient
to cause damage / to destroy
to get caught / to be arrested
to fight / to surrender
to be ittegat / to be banned
to go to prison / to be released
to commit a crime / to sotve a crime
into nouns for peopte.
to hetp you.
Change the words below
to be released
to go to prison / a prisoner
Use a dictionary
to be sent to prison
to be sentenced
hanging
judge
amuroer,::....:..::.:
a
1
2
3
4
5
6
cRrME AND PUNTSHMENT TWORD FAMTLTES)
to burgle / a burglary / a burglar
to commit a criine / a criminal
to kidnap / a kidnapping / a kidnapper
to mug / a mugging / a mugger
a prison
a crime
a burgtary
a robbery
a kidnapping
a mugging
to murder/ a murder / a murderer
to rob / a robbery / a robber
to shoplift / shoplifting / a shoplifter
to find collocations
OTHER
to be banned
to be tough
to break the rules/law
narsn
illegat
a dictlonary to find which words go together
(collocations).Which verb collocates with'advice' in the
regar
definition below?
to have the right to
IO CaUSe Camage
[en
computsory
a life sentence
to destroy
a prison sentence
a deterrent
to solve a crime
to surrender
fair
to fight (in a battte)
to go to court
1 You can use
ient
adr..ice /ad'vaIs/ rz [[Il an opinion you give someone
about what they should c\o'. Cuu\d you giae rne
unfair
some adaice ct,bout bttui,rto a Lto'rne.
2 Notice that you
to vanda[ise
to be arrested
to go to prison
to get caught
the box into the most logical order.
released
to commit a crime
to be
this information by tooking
give /gd o (past tense gave /gerv/, past participle
given /'gwenf
4 TELL SB STH [Tl to tel] someone information or
detalls about something, or to tell someorLe what
they should clo Let 'rne giue lJou sorne ddoice.
I PRACTICE
1a Put the actions in
can also find
up the verb'give'.
to be sentenced
to go to court
3
Look up the words in botd in your dictionary, then
complete the sentences.
1
2
The fitm
a big effect on me.
Att the noise from our neighbours
it impossible
to sleep tast
- night.
b Turn
to page 129 to check your answers.
3 Did you _
att the questions right?
4 When the management said no, the workers
on strike.
5
6
Marcel didn't
|
_
for his strange behaviour.
advantage of his offer.
a reason
think you should
-
ened
(pue 7 eqs)
r
(snore8uep eq 7 re8uerls eq1) q
(sserppelaq reBuerls oqr llot 7 eqs) e
'qf,ntu
ool
il
:8
:v
zLuoorPeq ertxe ue plrnq no^ l,uprp
^q/v\
'srooP eql jo auo aleldal
'paou
otr
lsn[
1l :g
|
rer rno{ se6 :y
epo8eLuep {1peq
'luauq)elle oql
nol
g
g
:g
'paqsPrl relnduor
{r-u pue
pa)rl) | :V t
aql
uo
luouqrelle
lreuro
'uoql'l!
{1ure1rar
; :g
'rlers ,!an
seM
ulu
oqj :V €
leqf :€
e;1 'snore8uep
'Joor oql oluo dn
se^
paqurll aH :V
'salou
no^
ille le arnlral teql raqujerrer l,uel |
-
pa{ofua a^eq },uplnom
pauado a^eq t,uplnoqs
asroM uaaq e^eq Plno)
Z
:g
:v
L
lso) a^eq PlnoM
ua)el a^eq Plnoqs
uollej a^eq Plno)
'ssorppe {uu .ro; pelse reBue.rls eq1
,'w1l4 o1 1r ene8 |
alrqm e .rol1v'lqBru auo eurluo raEuetls e
ol 8ulltreql
se/v\ l,
'xoq oql u; sese;qd aql qllm suollesra^uor eq1 e1a1duo1
(ou,(es / aq) l
/ 1) q
(quuoq e aq
L H3$T3YHd
(ou {es 7 g) e
aof',saf
e
&le:
pres | 'Ppeue3
ol rq31g {u
o1 otu pa)se .reEue.rls
uo e8eped
11er-us
P uaq^ iloollP aql le sPM I, z
eqs) :
(paddols
(snora8uep
7
7 ,{eL1l) q
(reqr auoP T l) e
aleN ,'t]i,l e uroql rajjo o1 paddols I
'Suqrqqrlrq ueur oMl Mes I pue 1r.13;u auo auole Surnup spm
l,
eq1
leql
tl
{qm
a^eq
plnow
'ap.t.:
*t
zlaeq *e€q E,u???1*45
I
7,
'uleJl lsPl aql
Passrru lsor-u1e ,{aql qtnt! os pe11e1 ,{eq1
(r,up;p eqs tnq ')lp^ ot req ro1 alqrssod sem ]r =)
i,/- .: rL"'.i "'.,1'jFeYlg.{als4Fin.l? Ii..sean
als =)
+t;; +:*-!*c qTxs* ggtz*=
(r,up;p aq tnq'umorp ot
{**3
eql 0Jeou_to)
roJ alqrssod seM ]r =)
r.t.rrq
*i:
'Fe#s4*;F *&,F3fi*=
os
1
rt*;
a^eq Hnoqs Z
9
r:t;sr.,rei
(stqr op ot alqe
s
E
1
(plnoqs) 'saoqs asoLlt,{nq o1 1ou a)els!r..u e se^
se^
lsoule | '{ddeq
E
(r,uptp I tnq')ool o1 eepr poo8 e se^ tl:1ar8a.r lsed =)
'3n. :iict'1 ! *:*j*ii :*i.tttat 2ii3 ui P33F**:Ftl.F??z*rys :
(eapt poo8 e l,uspm l! pue 'apnr era,r,r nor(:usrrrlrn =)
'sle.r8e.r lsed lnoqe )let ot ro
aldoed reqto es!)!l!r) ot srqtr osn uouo oA 'tr op r,uplp no,{ 1nq
eql ur Surqlauos op 01 eopr poo8 e sea,n lr sueat! srql
'1sed
aldrrryed lsed + a^eqLuplnoqs
)ulLll I Zesnoq reqr r{nq ,{aq1 r,up1p
+ se.a:t
'MOlOq Saruolues
Z
|
(p1nor) 'euo{re^a pessr)
ffi
(uorlenlrs eqt Surur8er-ur uue 1 - uorlrsod s!r..1 ur ],usert | =)
dlat4;*j p*pgc:**;.€tl *?*cr.t1 i':i.J:}:ttc :st' :i
'ueddeq r,up1p
1eql lsed eql ur Surqleu,ros Surur8euur JoJ slLll esn o n
eld!)llrpd lsed + a^eqLuplnow I
L
'sla))erq u1 slduro.rd
Bursn sesuodsar ollJ A U uollpnlrs tlf,ea u! suop eneq no{
'epeu eldoed euos suols!f,ap aql lnoqe ppa1
plno^
(r,uPlnoqs)
'req1a3o1 ssaursnq e 1lels 01 trleql roJ eopr peq p sem ll /
(l,up1nor)'uurq dlaq o1 elqrssod l,useM
'lr {nq ol
(plnoan)
eapr poo8 e sem tr
"p1*,;*al
(p1nor)
I
I
tl )ulLll
(f,uplnoan) 'euole lle roq a^eal o1 Suolrvr se^
'Liltq
?*!j,;Ea,l e;$Li i.L;!);.1*lit I
(r,uplnoqs) 'u-rrq furer,u ol a)els!r.lr e se^
'ueddeq t,uprp q)rq^^ lnq
lsed eql ur elqrssod oJo^ r.l)!q^ sluo^o ro1 posn sr srql
eldrrrped Ned + e^eq
pqe
L
(aaeq p1non I e^eq plnoqs I a^eq Hnool
sqJa^ lePou lsed
ll
'slelf,eJq u! splo/v\ eql tu;sn se)uelues oql ollJ/v\au z
--:
2 Write sentences about the past with
Hypothetical situations in the past with
f
lf you are imagining possibilities in the past, we often use
f
I made a mistake. She shouted
if i hadn't r'nade a mistake, she w*uldn't haue shci.rfed al me.
to describe the hypotheticaI situation.
{*e dsfayedat h*me that day,::e wosidfi'f &*ve met hiswif*.
(condition)
f.
at me.
1
|
2
My girtfriend went out without me. She met another guy.
fett itt. I didn't go to work.
(resutt)
Notice that after r/we use the Past perfect. This form is often
the'third conditionat'.
He wanted to check his emails in the bath. His computer
got wet and broke.
REMEMBER!
She didn't learn from her mistakes. She did the same
thing again.
called
We can also use might have or could have if we are less sure about
what would have happenec.
lf he'd {= he hed} wcrk*d hard*r, he might have gcf ff?ic university
1,11e cc{.dJd've wsn *l:e rompefrfro n if aur best player haCn't g*t
i$j;;red.
Tatking hypotheticalty about the past and present together
Notice the dff.r.n.. between these two forms.
lmaginary situations generally / in the present:
+ Past simple + would + verb
lf i was*'* an actor, l'd be a nsusirian.
.
f
.
lmaginary situations in the past:
f + Past perfect + would have + past participle
lf !'d g*xe to ihe party,l nro*dd&aueseen her.
tanding.
6
We listened to her advice. We made the right decision.
7
| answered the phone
8
My famity moved house. I had to change school.
9
lt rained.We didn't
10
Sometimes we want to talk about the past and present together.
In this case. we can'mix'the two forms.
ff:h* 3:cdstayed in her j*b, she w*u{.d be ricl:er n*w.
(past)
(present)
lf i didn't trust 1nu, I w*uldn't lrave lent yau th* money.
(present)
A storm damaged the plane.They made an emergenry
(past)
you had taken acting lessons as a chitd? (be a Hotlywood star now)
tf I'd tak** aering lessens as a child, l'd be a Hallywaod star naw.
2
| | | to I that/
gonelitl'd
would/it/to I melif
have
/
university /could / exam
lembarrassed/happened
/
have
/
ll lhad/
been
your/ now/forgotten /'d I be/ if /
you
/
had
/
there
/
passportln'tlwe
/ | / started / | / known /
how/n'tlhave/would
'd
/the USA,/ Rick/
in/helhave/met
if
Mia
/
long
/ it / if / woutd /
had /staved
/would
take
I
/n'tl n't/
Engtish as a child? (not be here now)
you had invested a[[ your money in Coogte? (be rich now)
you hadn't learnt to read as a chitd? (tife / be very difficutt
now)
it / would
passed
se[[ his sports car.
What would be different now if ...
1 lost/'d / been /careful / if / more / you I n't I have / you /
/
to
3 Answer the questions. Use the prompts (or your own ideas)
to write complete sentences.
1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
|
have a barbecue.
He tost his job. He had
1 you had learnt
*"ryn**ncqi
while I was driving. I crashed the car.
4
you had fett itl this morning? (stitt be in bed now)
you hadn't stayed out so late last night?
(not feel so tired now)
you had thought about the decision more?
(not regret it now)
'slted ut slo^ sue
rnod sredruof 'f;1 o1 a1ll plnoirt nod spop! orll eullropun €
n
n
o1
ft1 pue
ua1sr1
auMo rno^
jo seopl lorllo
'sp-ro,r,r Surssru.r oqtr
laqulaural
uaql'(,telnqe)o^ Mau lo sn)oJ
reuluelS aqr'3'a) spto^ uleyof, lno a^eol 1nq auoqd
alrqor-u tno,{ o}uo )ooq aql uolj soluoluas pjolou
n
fuLo,rn
(r
i
'esl^al 01 1ue,rn nod 1eq1
;euuuer8 lo ,telnqeron oql Sursn sefueluas dn a1e61
uorlnlos (r
sujaruo) (q
elp
-.rno{
l"oqBmloJe IJllIe{Jpr{sB
,o
uors!ftoJP
(r.
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n, wnat s yo"r rrrr ...1, pi.ir.i
B: lt's Merhab ... M-E-R...
A: Hey, great to see you! How are you doing?
B: Yeah, l'm good, thanks.And it's really good to be here.
A: And ... could you te[[ me your fu[[ address?
B: lt's Flat 4 ...
A: So which part of Argentina do you come from?
B: From near Buenos Aires. Actuatty, I onty arrived here from
S5o Pauto a few hours ago!
A: Reatty? How was your flight?
B: Oh, it was fine, thanks.
A: So did you have a good journey?
B: Yes, I did actua[ty, but it was [ong!
A: What's your marital status?
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actually it is.
What's your postcode, please?
Where exactly do you [ive?
How's your job going?
A: Do you speak any other languages apart from Engtish?
Yes,
B: No, I don't.
5
5
7
8
Do all your family speak Engtish?
Coutd you te[[ me your date of birth?
2
A: Did you have a nice holiday?
B: Yes thanks, I did.
A: Have you got any brothers and sisters?
B: No, I haven't.
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2 How do you pronounce this word?
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4 Which page are we on?
5 Could you explain that again, please?
6 Could you say that again, please?
7 What's today's homework?
8 Coutd you write it on the board, please?
3
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J:
Hi,Jess. So, haveyou got any photos of your birthday party?
Hi, Ann - yeah, just a second ... where are we ... oh yeah ... here's me
with some friends. That's my best friend Lydia - | think you've met her,
A:
Yeah, I know Lydia, course.And who are the
haven't you?
J:
think she's in her second or third year.
And here's some more of my family.
Aah, that's a nice photo... is that your brother Joe... the one who's
wearing sungtasses?
Yeah, that's my big brother!
And what's he doing nowadays?
He's away at university ... we[[, he's home for the holidays at the
moment, obviously.
So where's he studying?
Manchester- he's living in a student house with fourotherguys.
He really likes it there.
Oh, that's good.And who are the others in the picture?
That's my dad in the middle, my cousin Harriet and Andy, my uncle.
Aah, it looks like a really nice party.
Yeah, it was great. Shame you couldn't come ...
Yeah, I
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A: ls this your fiist visit to London?
B:
isn't she?
J:
J:
J:
A: Have you got any family?
B: Just my parents.
A: And are your parents OK?
B: Mum is but Dad isn't very we[[, l'm afraid.
a**:€AV
A:
J:
B: Singte.
8
A:
J:
Yeah, he and my granny are sti[[ really active ... they travel a[[ over the
world and go out a[[ the time ... they're amazing realty.
That's brilliant.
And here's one of me with Luxmmi, an old school friend of mine.
I think you've totd me about her before - she's training to be a doctor,
two guys?
Tom and Satiba.They're old friends of mine, too. Saliba lives in the same
street as me - I've known him for years. He's going out with Lydia at
the moment, actuatty.
A: Oh, very nice.And what's Lydia doing these days?
J: She's working in a DIY shop at the moment, which is reatty boring
apparentty, but she's decided now that she wants to be a social worker
so she's applying for lots of courses and things.
A: Oh, good for her.
J: And here's another one - my little sister and my grandpa.
Wow - is that lsabet? She's getting so big... I remember her when she
was really smatt. Ha, she's pulling a face!
J: Oh, she always pu[[s faces in photos. I don't know why.
So how old's your grandfather?
He's 81 now, I think... he's getting quite old.
J:
A: He looks we[[ for his age, doesn't he?
5
at about seven in the morning. Um, I leave my house, then walk to the
tube station. From there I take the tube for six stops, then I hop on the
train, er, for about ten minutes, then I take anothertube for one stop,
and then finally I take another train for about 20 minutes, and then it's
a two-minute watk to work. The whole journey takes about an hour and
a ha[f, I wou[d say, and that's on a good day; on a bad day, it could take
up to three hours, and it's reatty, really boring.
l'm one of those peoplewhojust don'tthinkthere areenough hours in
the day. l'm on the go the whole day [ong, from the moment I get up
in the morning, um, to when I ro[[ into bed at night. I have a rea[[y busy
job where l'm on my feet alt day. I usuatly end up working through my
lunch break because there's so much to, to go on, um, and I would finish
up work at about 5, 6 o'clock in the evening. Er, I normalty woutd then,
er, meet up with friends in the evening, um, have them over for dinner,
um, and I spend a lot of time talking with my famity over Skype or some
friends on the phone, um, though l'd probabty like to spend more of my
time doing that. Um, as I said before, there just isn't enough time.
| spend, er, quite a lot of time looking after my daughter. Um, obviousty
when my wife's there we share looking after her and playing with her
and things. But, um, my wife goes out to work, er, three or four nights
a week, so when I get in from work, er, she goes out to work, and I finish
off the dinner, look after my daughter, ptay with her, have dinner with
her, give her a bath, brush her teeth, er, read her a couple of stories, put
her to bed, sing some songs. I really enjoy it. Um, it's a great opportunity
to kind of have one-to-one time with my daughter.
Oh, I can be so unproductive when l'm supposed to be writing an essay
or, um, doing work of some kind. Um, l'll go on, on the internet to, um,
to do some research for whatever topic I need to write about, um, but
then I get, start looking at other things that l'm more interested in.
Um, I dunno, maybe news about celebrities, or I might be downloading
music. Um, and after several hours, I still haven't started researching
my essay.
l'd tike to have more time to watk my dog. Um, at the weekends I have
lots of time and I take her for a lovely long wa[k. Um, in the week, it's
always a bit of a rush and I never get a chance to rea[[y enjoy it properly,
so I wish I had more time for that.
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= to believe they have other skills,
Some people are so famous that it's hard
but
this week in our'Fabulous facts'slot, we're focusing on famous people and
their hidden talents!
#f€€? 4 R*{*R*Efa€# 3
1
Barack Obama, for example, is not only one of the most famous politicians
in the world, he has also pubtished severaI books, including a book for children
called Of Thee I Sing: A Letterto My Daughters. He wrote the book in 200g for
his
two daughters
-
as
leader who has ever done this!
And what about modern celebrities? Do they have the same hidden talents?
Wel[, some of them do. Pop singer Shakira, for example, doesn't just produce
international hit records - she has learnt to speak six languages! Wow! And
since she became successful in 1995, she has also founded schools for ooor
children a[[ over Columbia, her native country, and has raised tens of millions
of pounds for charity. What a woman!
And Brad Pitt is not just Hollywood's leading actor, he's also an architect!
He has apparently been interested in architecture since he was young and has
studied the subject for many years. He has even designed a restaurant and
an apartment b$ilding!
Even royals these days have surprising ta[ents. Kate Middteton, the Duchess
of Cambridge, is a keen sportswoman, and before she was engaged to prince
Wi[iam, she trained to row across the Engtish Channel to France * a total of
34 kilometres - as part of an all-woman team. Unfortunately, she couldn,t
take part in the end. lt was too dangerous because so many photographers
were planning to follow her boat... what a shame!
ugqtT €
1
2
A: Have you looked on the coffee table? lt's usually there.
B: Yes, I have. lt's not there, l've looked. Hang on. Oh! lt was in my
pocket a[[ the time!
you might guess from the title!
Obama isn't the only politician to appear in bookshops. Winston Churchi[[,
the famous British prime minister, was also an author and an artist. Over
the course of his life, he wrote over 70 books and oainted more than 500
pictures. In 1953, he won the Nobet prize for Literature
- the onlv world
Rge*R*'ru*
A
A: What's the matter?
B: l've lost my mobile. Have you seen
it anywhere?
A: I can't believe you've lost it again!Why don't you keep it in your pocket?
B: OK, so l've lost it again. Have you seen it?
A: Have you looked on the coffee table? lt's usualty there.
B: Yes, I have. lt's not there, l've looked. Hang on. Oh! lt was in my
pocket a[[ the timel
A:... I didn't recognise you for a minute.you look so different.
You've changed your hair it's really nice. I tike it!
B: Oh, thanks, and you look really we[[, too.you've lost weight, haven,t
-
Uru€?
OK, so I was born in Ankara in 1 990 and I spent my chitdhood there. Er, I
started school, um, primary schoot, in 1996. And it was at primary school,
when I was ... eight, that I started learning English. I remember my teacher
was really strict in class, but we a[[ loved her. l've been learning English ever
since, because, wet[, because my primary school teacher taught me to love
the [anguage, I guess!
And then, when I was 12, we moved - my famity and | to lstanbul... so that
was in ... 2002. I reatty didn't want to move, I remembel so my dad had to
buy me a guitar when we moved, you know, as a present, and I started having
guitar lessons.
So, what's next? Um, I teft high school and started university in 2OOg...
studying business ... e1 | was there for four years. And ... in 201 l, I met Selim
and, um, we've been going out together since then. And, do you want to
know if l'm in [ove? Ha! l'm not telling anyone; it's a secret! And after | left
university, in 2012,1 started working for my uncle's import-export business.
It's a really nice job and I get to use my business ski[[s, so that's great.
What else can I te[[ you about my tife? Wett, a[[ those guitar tessons weren,t
a waste of time because now l'm in a band ... it's called yedi Kizler. lt means
'seven girls'inTurkish.And we're calted that because... it's obvious really...
there are seven of us in the band and we're a[[ girls! Um ... actually, l've been
in three different bands, but this one is definitely the best.Anyway,yedi Kizter
started in 2010 and we've played about 20 gigs and we've got a few fans |
think we've got about 500 followers on Facebook.
And what else? Wett, l'd reatty like to get a flat of my own - it's reatty crowded
in my parents'flat. l've been looking for ages, um, for something I tike and
that I can afford,just to rent... and today I think maybe l've found the right
one! Finatly! l'm so excited!
UrugF 4
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A: Wett, yes, a bit. l've joined a gym.
A: Tony, is Jiang stitl here?
minutes ago.
A: Oh, no. l've missed her. Has she locked her office?
C: I think she has.
B: Yes.
A: We've finished the test. Can we go now?
B: Not before the others have finished.Adam, how are you getting on?
Have you finished?
5
A: Let me see ... er... Pierre, have you met Karimah, Karimah Safar?
B: Yes, I think we have. We met at the conference last year, didn,t we?
C: That's right. I remember. Nice to see you again.
B: You too.
A: Karimah has joined our London office so you'[l see a lot of each other.
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But the reason I really admire her is because she hasn't let fame and
money change her.White she was playing Hermione, she continued to
work hard at her studies and she refused to leave school and become a
full-time actress.When she finished the Harry potter films, in 2009, she
decided to go to university. She went to the famous Brown University
in the US. lt's inspiring to find a celebrity who stit[ believes in the value
of education.
A: Miss?
C: Sorry, I haven't finished yet. Can I have another five minutes?
B: Yes, OK.
R€<*R*Ir€G
famous ptaying the role of Hermione in the Harry potter films. She
started acting in those films when, when she was just 11 years old and
continued for the next ten years. She's won many awards for her acting
skilts and she's appeared on the cover of magazines all over the world.
She's exceptionally talented and clever.
B: She was here a minute ago. Perhaps she's just gone out for a minute.
C: lf you're looking for Jiang, she's gone home - she left about ten
4
4 RgC*R*Cr€* 4
Meltem
you?
3
A: What's the matter?
B: I've lost my mobile. Have you seen it anywhere?
A: I can't believe youVe lost it again! Why don't you keep it in your pocket?
B: OK, so I've lost it again. Have you seen it?
aJffiY 4 Rffie*R*=*{*
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LioneI Messi. He's the most talented footbatler of his generation, but
he's still charming and dedicated. When Messi was I 1, he was diagnosed
with an i[[ness.The treatment cost S9OO a month. Messi's family weren,t
rich, so Messi left home to join FC Barcelona and the club paid for his
treatment. This was a good deal for Barcelona, because Messi went on to
score hundreds of goals for the club.
Messi has done a lot for chitdren in his home country. He founded a
charity which helps children get the education and health care that
they need. I think he's an excellent role model for boys and young men
everywhere, because he shows that you don't have to be selfish and
egotisticaI to be successfu[.
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3
Part one
'My aunt wi[[ be here soon, Mr Nutte[,' said a self-confident young lady of 15.
'Until then, I'm afraid, you have me.'
Frampton Nuttel tried to say something polite. Privatety, he was wondering
whether this visit to total strangers would really help to cure his bad nerves,
as his sister had hoped.
'l know what wi[[ happen,' his sister had said, as he was leaving for his rest
cure in the country,'you wi[[ never meet or speak to anyone, and your nerves
wit[ be worse than ever. So, l'm going to give you letters of introduction to a[[
the peopte I know there.'
'l expect it was the dog,'said the niece calmty.'He told me he had a terrible
fear of dogs. A pack of wild dogs once chased him on the banks of the River
Canges in India, and he hid alt night with the dogs snarling just above him.
It's enough to make anyone suffer with their nerves.'
Telting stories at short notice was her speciality.
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on the book written byTolkien. Classic, um, trilogy and fantastic read.
I read the book, um, and, wel[, it was recommended, um, by a friend and
I absolutely loved the book - it was absolutely amazing,
'Do you know many people round here?' asked the niece after a silence.
Um, and then when the films came out, um, I thought that they would
probabty be a little bit disappointing because the book was just so good
'Hardly anyone,' said Frampton.
-
'Then you know nothing about my aunt and her great tragedy ...' continued
the se[f-confident young [ady.
'Her tragedy?' asked Frampton.
'Yes, you may wonder why we keep the windows open in Octobel'she said,
pointing towards the large French windows that opened onto the garden.
'lt's quite warm for the time of year, but
with the tragedy?'asked Frampron.
has the window got anything
2
to do
'Out through that window, exactly three years ago today, my aunt's husband
and her two younger brothers went off for a day's shooting. They never came
back.All three sank in a terrible bog.We never found their bodies - that was
Um, the other family is a typicat famity, but they're a[[ a bit crazy.
You've got mum, dad, two girls and a boy, and obviously the siblings, er,
go mad a[[ the time.
the worst thing.'Here the girl's voice lost its confidence.'Poor aunt thinks
that they will come back someday. She believes they witt watk in through
that door with their little brown dog, just as they used to. That's why we
have the door open every evening. Poor dear aunt, she has often totd me how
they went out: her husband was carrying his white coat over his arm, and her
brother Ronnie was singing. Do you know sometimes on a quiet evening like
this, I have the strangest feeling that they will walk in through that window...'
Frampton felt relieved when at last her aunt came into the room.'l hooe Vera
has been amusing you?'she said.
The series is really funny because they say and do things that you normally
think about doing or saying but in real life obviously you can't do it. l,
I
remember one episode, for instance, where the dad cancetted Christmas
because one of his children [ied, and l've always wanted to do that. I
would recommend everyone to watch it, cos it's A realty good show.
1
'She's been very interesting,'said Frampton.
'l hope you don't mind the open window'said Mrs Sappleton.'My husband
and brothers will be home soon from shooting, and they always come in
this way.'
*tu€E? &
&*{*#*274* *
Part two
She continued to chat happily about shooting.To Frampton it was a[[
absolute[y horrib[e.
Attempting to change the subject, he told them about his i[[ness.'The doctors
have told me to have complete rest, with no excitement at a[[,'explained
4
FramDton.
'Really?'said Mrs Sappleton, but she was not paying attention. Her eyes were
staring past him to the open window and garden beyond.
eyes. In a cold shock of fear, Frampton turned round, and looked in the
same direction.
'Here we are, my deal' said the man carrying the white coat, as he came in
through the window.'Who was that who ran out as we came in?'
'A very strange man
- a Mr Nuttel,'said Mrs Sappleton.'He coutd only talk
about his illnesses, and then he ran off without saying goodbye wnen you
arrived. lt was as if he had seen a phost!'
of records.
| want to te[[ you about,
er, the first time I went to a ba[[et. Um, it was
called AliceinWonderland, and it's based on the book by Lewis Carro[[.
Um, I went with my friend who, er, it was her birthday, er, so we went
to see it in the, the, um, in Covent Carden in the RoyaI Opera House in
London. Um, absolutely adored it. lt was, er, I thought it was just rea[[y,
terrific. Um, particularly liked, er, the, the Queen of Hearts - she was,
um, an absolutety brittiant charactel er, really, really funny, um, which l,
I thought, I think maybe that was the best part about it, was that, e1 |
was at a ballet, which was at[ about the dance, but the whole audience
was, um, was laughing - it was a real comedy show as we[[. Er, l'd
recommend it to anybody.
Frampton shivered, and looked at the niece with sympathy. The young girl
was staring out through the window with a look of pure horror in her
Frampton grabbed his hat witdty and ran out through the hall ooor, across
the front garden and through the front gate. Outside in the road, he almost
knocked a man off his bicycle in his terrible panic.
Oh, I saw a television programme last week, um, Saturday night, reafly
main peak-time television programme, and, er, it was called The X Factor
and ljust hated it - | really don't [ike singing competitions on television.
Um, the people on the programme were just not very good singers.
The judges weren't judging them for singing: they were judging the way
they looked and they were judging their image. Um, I think really the
judges were thinking about who would setl the most records. So it was
very much about image and not about singing. I think if we're going to
have a singing competition, then the contestants should just be judged
on singing and not the way they took or how their image wi[[ se[[ lots
reatly amazing. The, the set and the, er, the design of the stage were just
Suddenty, she jumped up.'Here they are at last,'she said.'Just in time for teal'
In the twilight, three figures were walking across the garden towards the
window. They were a[[ carrying guns under their arms, and one of them also
had a white coat over his shoulders. A tired brown dog was walking close to
them. As the figures came nearer to the house, a young voice began to sing.
| mean, there's no way you can put that, um, you know, into a film but the fitms were actually, you know, they did the book justice, um,
and the cinematography was amazing. The performances were great I mean, the casting was great because the characters really did justice to
the characters in the book. Um, and I loved the fact that it was a[[ filmed
in New Zeatand. l've never seen a better movie, I don't think.
ATV show that I realy like at the moment is Modern Family. lt's about
four different families, um, that are quite modern.Whereas in the past
people used to think that you'd have a mum, a dad and two children,
um,in Modern Family you've got one family, for instance, where the dad
is about 50 or 60 maybe, and his wife is in her earty 30s, and she's got a
son as we[[ from a previous marriage. Um, so that's quite modern.
*7497
A
&*X{**"*Z#* 4
A: come on. Sfraff we !o on the rttter coasteri
B: Are you joking? l'm not going to risk my life on that.
A: Don't worry. l'[[ look after you. Nothing can go wrong.
B: Everything can go wrongl Look, I'tt go on the big wheel with you
but not the roller coaster.
A: But this is the best one! You'tl love it. Come on. Shall I help you?
B: Oh, alright. l'll give it a go. But I can't believe l'm doing this.
A: There. We're in. Don't worry! l'[[ hold your hand.
B: Oh yeah. That's reatly going to hetp.
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&Ee*€*:ffi*trapt
UN:Y 1S REe*R*Er\€# e
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
s.u"nty-on. f"r..nt oftn" r.rtt,'i iuif"." is covered in *.i.r.-
-
-
#ru€T 33 &#**R*EF€* g
f
The lowest temperature ever recorded was -89'C.
In 2030, the footballWortd Cup witt be a hundred years old.
The closest distance between Earth and Mars is 55,680,000 km.
lt
is estimated
that the wortd populationin 2029 wi[[ be 8.2 billion.
The speed of tight is 300,000 km/sec.
The population ofJapan is 127,000,000.
And a lot of people don't really know how to drive properly, especiatly
when they've just gotten their licence. Before you get your full licence,
you have to do an extra test. Um, I think the driving test is thorough
enough, but people need a lot more practice before they're actually
ready to go out on the roads.And that second test should be able to
prove that a person is a competent driver.And I think that shoutd be
The world's largest shopping ma[[ is 892,000 mr.
Seventeen percent of British people are over 65.
The largest crowd ever for a sporting event was 199,859.
uru:T 1# Rge*R*tf{G #
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
lti f'ou.utyti.u.r.
think l'd probabty have several different careers.
l'd invent one that could tidy my ftat.
| think l'tt probabty go camping.
l'tt probabty move out of the city centre.
l'd live somewhere hot and beautifu[.
I'd definitety give up work.
|
l'tt buy a new car probabty.
Uf\iiT 1S R€e*R*f ruG
i
2
3
4
a taw.
2
roi.
*
p".toifi., and I am ,L.ffy *orri"J
"r
about the economy of our island. Businesses just aren't making enough
money and the government is not doing enough to help us.They haven't
put enough money into promoting tourism in particulal in my opinion.
lf we have more tourists, then we'l[ have more businesses, and if there
are more businesses, there wi[[ be more jobs and everyone will be able
to pay more taxes.Then we't[ be able to improve schools and hospitals,
but first we have to develop business. l'd suggest that we spend more on
promoting tourism, and we really must have the new airport that they
are talking about in the north of the country. This is really important for
locaI businesses.
l'm a teacher, and to me the biggest problem is the state of our schools.
Classrooms are getting really old, we don't have enough books and we
need computers if we want to train young peopte for the modern world.
It's really important, in my opinion.Young peopte are the future of our
country after at[. But at the same time, we cannot reduce spending on
hospitals or the army, because these things are very important, too.
I think the government should increase taxes on wealthy people to
pay for improvements to our schoots. There are plenty of rich people in
Peakoilia - and they don't pay very high taxes, so they can afford it.
For me there are two big problems: unemployment and defence. I feel
really worried for our young people. lt's getting more and more difficult
to find a job and I just don't know what they can do. I feet rea[[y sorry
for them.At the same time, I think we have a big problem with our
neighbour, Expandia. I really betieve that they want to attack us and
they're just waiting for an opportunity. So I think the government
should increase spending on defence and increase the army to, say,
5,000 soldiers. This would help to solve two probtems. lt would make the
country more secure against our neighbours and it would give young
peopte jobs, and useful training. lt would give them something to do and
a focus for their lives. Of course, the problem is: where does the money
come from? Hm, I don't have an answer to that ...
The best option is to reduce taxes on ordinary people. l'm a mother of
a young family. My husband and I both work, but we just don't have
enough money to [ive. Everything is so expensive these days.We want
to be able to buy clothes for our chi[dren and ... have a better standard
of living generally. But it's just not possible.And I don't think the
government needs to spend at[ this money on hotels and golf courses
and things. That's a[[ for rich tourists. The government should hetp
ordinary peopte like me ... now that would be popular!
r
u hotet owner trom
in"
f tf,inl, u., ii tnorta U. .ornputrory to hru" . iri.f ti..n.., th. ;;t;;
get for motorcyctes. Normally when you have a motorcycle licence, you
get a tria[ licence, and after about two years, um,you can convert it to a
real licence. I think that shoutd be, um, implemented for cars as we[[.
Cars are more dangerous than motorcycles, I think.
norttr oi
3
Er,l'm going to talk about, um, hunting and hunting [aws, um, and my
opinion about hunting, basically.You knoq l'm not against hunting,
um, I am against hunting for sport, though - | think there's a big, big
difference. Um, you know, people traditionalty have needed to hunt to
eat and to [ive, and to me, um, that's fine. Um, what I don't agree with
is hunting for sport, um, because I don't see the pleasure in going and,
um, kitting an innocent, beautifuI creature just for the sake of kitting
it. Um, to me that doesn't make sense. I mean, you would hope that,
that peopte would use the meat and, um, you know, they would do
something with the animat, but unfortunately a lot of the time people
don't; they just kill the animal and that's it. Um, so I don't think it should
be banned, but it needs to be controlled. Um, and I also think that it
woutd be better if people didn't hunt for sport, and they just hunted to
sustain themselves and to use the food.
l'd make it a law that if you go and tive in a foreign country, it should
be compulsory to learn the language of that country. Um, I think that
otherwise if you don't speak the same language as the people around
you, you're never going to be abte to integrate into society.
Um, | [ived in Brussels before, um, where the language is either French or
Dutch, and, er, l, I had a good bit of French, which I found really helpful
* people always found it, um, much nicer when you went into a shop
or, er, into a restaurant and you were able to make an effort to speak in
their [anguage.
4
Er, it was also, um, a m-, a much better way to get to know the country
that you're, you're, you're living in. Er, it helps you be a bit, a big part
of it more if you can actually communicate with the people and
make friends with those people. Um, I think that's probably the most
important part about it.
| thinkthere should be a lawthat, um, if you'refitand able andyou've
been unemployed for say six months or more, and you're receiving
money from the government to help you, you shoutd have to do some
kind of voluntary work. Er, there are lots of projects that l'm sure aren't
being done because there isn't the money or there aren't the peopte
to do the jobs. So if you're out of work, then why not do something
constructive to help society and, and, er, your [oca[ community?
The sort of things that could be done are, for example, er, fixing up local
community centres or painting churches, e1 doing work on local schools
to make them better places for learning. I think if people did that, um,
did some kind of, er, work or helping the community, it would, it would
get them used to the routine of working; it would make it easier for
them to get back into work when they eventually find a job.
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lf they had continued the race together, the coupte might still be
married now.
5
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Pearson Education Limited
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www.pearsonelt.com
O Pearson Education Limited 2013
The dght of Sarah Cunningham and Peter Moor to be identified as
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ISBN: 978-
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Acknowledgements
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Spain; Elizabeth pregson, Universiti degli Studi di Trento, Trento,
Italy; Denise Met2ger, Navitas English Services, Sydney, Australia;
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Gakuin University, Nishinomiya City, Japan; Zane Ritchie, Kwansei
Gakuin University, Nishinomiya City, Japan; Andrew Sowter, Kwansei
Gakuin University, Nishinomiya City, Japan; Kylie Ty1er, Navitas
English Services, Sydney, Australia; Will Vamey, Cambridge English
Studies, La Corufia, Spain; Damian Williams, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Text acknowledgements
We are grateful to the following for pernission to reproduce copyright
material: Extract 4. from Open, HarperCollins (Andre Agassi 2010)
pp.28-29, reprinted by permission of HaryerCollins Publishers Ltd
@ 2010 Andre Agassi; Extract 6. from Pearson Longman Dictionary
of Contemporary English,Pearson Education (2009) @ Pearson
Education Ltd; Extract 6. adapted from 'The people who fell to earth',
The Guardian,2110212009 (Interview with Josh Peltz by Charlotte
Northedge and Ros Anderson) O Guardian News & Media Ltd 2009;
Extract 6. adapted from 'What it feels like to ... get shipwrecked' and
'Get attacked by a shark', The Independent on Sunday,2210812004
(Jacques, A.) @ The Independenl, www.independent.co.uk; Exfact
8. adapted from 'I love to exchange phone numbers with strangers',
Colors Magazine, Autumn 2009, Issue 76 (Pani Akhavan), Reproduced
with permission; Extract 9. from 'I couldn't live without ...', Z/ze
Independent, 27 10212005, pp.14-16 (Peyton, O., Moore, P., Billington,
R., Pereira, S., and Cartwright, J.) O The Independent,
www.independent.co.uk; Quote 10. from Dr Aubrey de Grey, Chief
Science Officer at SENS Foundation, www.sens.org, reproduced with
kind permission; Quote 10. from Ray Kurzweil from 'The future will
surprise us; our brains will merge with machines' in 'Reinventing
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ISBN 978-'t -4479 -3687 -9
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