SUBMITTED
TO
DR AYESHA KARIM
SUBMITTED
BY
MAHRUKH MUNAWAR
DPT-SEMESTER 7
ROLL NUMBER
DPT19F007
EATING DISORDERS
Eating disorder is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either
insufficient or excessive food intake by an individual.
Eating is a normal activity but sometime individual may follow eating habits and food
pattern by abnormal way which might cause some complications.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
DEFINITION:
Anorexia is an eating disorder and is also considered a psychological disorder occurs
most often in adolescent girls.
This involves refusal of food to maintain normal body weight by reducing food intake,
especially fats and carbohydrates.
It is characterized by three essential criteria.
 Self-induced starvation, to a significant
degree.
 Relentless drive for thinner or morbid fear of
fatness.
 Presence of medical signs and symptoms
resulting from starvation. •
People with anorexia have a real fear of weight gain
and a distorted view of their body size and shape. As
a result, they can't maintain a normal body weight.
INCIDENCE
 The peak incidence of Anorexia Nervosa is around the age of 18.
 The mortality rate for anorexia nervosa is 4%.
 The mortality rate of bulimia nervosa is 3.9%.
ETIOLOGY
The main etiological factors are:
 Biological factors
 Social factors
 Psychological factors
TYPES
 Anorexia Nervosa Binge / Purge Type
(1) The individual suffering will purge
when he or she eats.
(2) This is a result of the
overwhelming feelings of guilt a
sufferer would experience while
eating; they compensate by
vomiting, abusing laxatives, or
excessively exercising.
 Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa •
i) In this form of anorexia nervosa, the
individual will fiercely limit the quantity of
food consumed, characteristically
ingesting a minimal amount that is well
below their body’s caloric needs,
effectively slowly starving her.
RISK FACTORS





Accepting society’s attitudes about thinness.
Being perfectionist.
Experiencing childhood anxiety.
Feeling increased concern or attention to weight and shape.
Having negative self-image.
SYMPTOMS






FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE – Dehydration, vomiting, alkalosis.
ENDOCRINE – Amenorrhea, hypoglycemia imbalance of LH.
HAMALOGICAL – Anemia, leucopenia.
CVS – Bradycardia, hypotension.
GI – Constipation, esophagitis.
SKIN - dry skin, hair lose, etc.
BULIMIA NERVOSA
DEFINITION:
It is an eating disorder in which a person creates a destructive pattern of eating in
order to control their weight.
 People with bulimia tend to go on eating binges, consuming large amounts
of food in a short period of time.
 The affected person then uses various methods such as vomiting or
Laxative abuse to prevent Weight gain.
 People with bulimia tend to show signs of depression, anxiety, or
obsessive-compulsive disorders.
TYPES
 BULIMIA NERVOSA PURGING TYPE
I.
II.
Include majority of cases of those suffering from this eating disorder.
Individuals will regularly engage in self-induced vomiting or abuse of laxatives,
diuretics, or enemas after a period of bingeing.
 BULIMIA NERVOSA NON-PURGING TYPE
I.
Individual will use other inappropriate methods of compensation for binge
episodes, such as excessive exercising or fasting.
RISK FACTORS




Culture.
Families: - Having mother or sister with bulimia, are more likely to have bulimia.
Life changing or stressful events: - Traumatic events can cause bulimia.
Personality traits: - A person with bulimia may not like herself. She hates the
way she looks or feels hopeless. She may be very moody have problems
expressing anger.
 Biology: - Genes, Hormones or chemicals in brain can cause bulimia.
SYMPTOMS:  Binges regularly. (Eats large amount of food over
short period), purges regularly.
 Becomes secret rater.
 Has swollen neck glands.
 Has scars on the back of hands from forced
vomiting
 Electrolyte imbalances, which can result in cardiac
arrhythmia, cardiac arrest
 Inflammation of the esophagus.
HOW ANOREXIA AND BLUMIA D AGNOSED
There are 4 basic criteria for the diagnosis of AN and BA:
 .The refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal
weight for age and height
 .An intense fear of gaining weight, even though the person is underweight
 .Self-perception that is grossly distorted, excessive emphasis on body
weight in self-assessment
 In women who have
already begun their
menstrual cycle, at least
three consecutive
periods are missed.
DIFFRENCE BETWEEN ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULLIMA
NERVOSA
DEFINITION
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
BULLIMIA NERVOSA
Refers to starving on
purpose to create
skeletal like body.
Refers to binge eating
followed by purging
HERITABILITY
TYPES
WEIGHT
58% to 76%


Restricting only
Binge/purging
Significantly under weight


59%to83%


Purging
Non purging
Normal weight or under
weight




Weakness/Fatigue
Nutritional
deficiencies
Low blood pressure
LEADS TO



Amenorrhea
Infertility
osteoporosis
TYPICAL AGE OF
ONSET

Early teen years

Late teen years
PREVALENCE IN
WOMEN

0.3-0.5%

1-3%
SYMPTOMS



Weakness
Dehydration
Mouth and throat
problems
Heart failure
Damage to teeth’s
Damage to
esophagus
SUMMARY
The cause of ANOREXIA NERVOSA and BULIMIA NERVOSA are self-esteem and selfimage issues, societal pressures, and genetic factors likely each play a role.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa affect females far more often than males. People
with AN and BN tend to show compulsive behaviors, may become obsessed with food.
About 1000 people are dying every year because of an eating disorder.
THANKYOU