Non-communicable
diseases
What are NCDs?
• Non-communicable disease is a noninfectious health condition that cannot be
spread from person to person. It also lasts for a long period of time. This is also
known as a chronic disease.
• A combination of genetic, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors can
cause these diseases. Some risk factors include:
 unhealthy diets.
 lack of physical activity.
 smoking and secondhand smoke.
 excessive use of alcohol.
Why NCDs Are Important in Public Health?
• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) primarily ;cardiovascular diseases,
cancers, chronic respiratory diseases diabetes, are responsible for 63% of all
deaths worldwide (36 million out 57 million global deaths).(WHO2016).
• 80% of NCDs deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
• Around the world, NCDs affect women and men almost equally.
• Tobacco use kills nearly 6 million people a year.By 2020, this number will
increase to 7.5 million, accounting for 10% of all deaths.
Characteristics of non-communicable diseases.
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Complex etiology (cause)
Multiple risk factors
Long latency period
Non- contagious origin
Prolonged course of illness
Functional impairment or disability
Risk factors/Predisposing factors
• Risk factor/Predisposing factor: Something that increases a person's chances
of developing a disease. For example, cigarette smoking is a risk factor
for lung cancer, and obesity is a risk factor for heart disease.
• There are 2 main types of risk factors;
1. Fixed risk factor/ non modifiable
2. Variable risk factor/ modifiable
Risk factors
Classification of non communicable diseases.
1.Systemic/metabolic diseases e.g. HTN, DM, UC, PUD, COPD, Hrt diseases.
2. Mental disorders e.g. Dementia, Schizophrenia, Madness, Depression.
3. Cancers and Malignancy
4. Trauma and traumatic conditions.
Communicable AND Non-communicable
diseases.
Levels of prevention of non-communicable
diseases.
The end.